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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Choice of method depends primarily on which equipment is available. Higher accuracy is possible with the gasometer. The accuracies of the methods of atmospheric analysis, for which the calibration procedure is intended, do not warrant the very highest possible accuracy in flow measurement.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the calibration of variable-area flowmeters (rotameters) used to determine air sample volumes at or close to ambient conditions of pressure and temperature, in the analysis of atmospheres for pollutant content.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ISO 80000-3:2019 gives names, symbols, definitions and units for quantities of space and time. Where appropriate, conversion factors are also given.

  • Standard
    11 pages
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Expiration dates are often marked on the packages of perishable products to indicate the presumed end of their shelf lives. Since the shelf lives of most perishable products are temperature dependent, the expiration date is determined by assuming the product will be kept within a prescribed temperature range for its entire life. A problem with this method is that there is no way to determine if the shelf life of a product has been shortened by exposure to a higher temperature. A time-temperature indicator solves this problem when attached to the package because it reaches its end point sooner when exposed to a higher temperature.  
3.2 In order to directly indicate the end of the shelf life, the time-temperature indicator characteristics should be matched as closely as possible to the quality characteristics of the product. When kept at the standard storage temperature for the product, the indicator should reach its end point at the same time as the product's shelf life. In addition, to determine the accuracy of the match at other temperatures, the change of shelf life with temperature should be known for both the product and the indicator. The Arrhenius relationship is a common and convenient method of describing the change of shelf life with temperature. In cases where it is not applicable, individual time-temperature points for the product may be established and an approximate correlation with the TTI obtained.  
3.3 When attached to the package of a perishable product, a time-temperature indicator may supplement, or in some cases replace, the expiration date code. The addition of a TTI provides a greater level of confidence that the perishable product is within its shelf life because it responds to the actual temperature conditions to which the product has been exposed.  
3.4 In the case of minimally processed refrigerated foods, the rapid growth of pathogenic bacteria at elevated temperatures may pose a serious health hazard even before the deterioration...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers information on the selection of commercially available time-temperature indicators (TTIs) for noninvasive external package use on perishable products, such as food and pharmaceuticals. When attached to the package of a perishable product, TTIs are used to measure the combined time and temperature history of the product in order to predict the remaining shelf life of the product or to signal the end of its usable shelf life. It is the responsibility of the processor of the perishable product to determine the shelf life of a product at the appropriate temperatures and to consult with the indicator manufacturer to select the available indicator which most closely matches the quality of the product as a function of time and temperature.  
Note 1: Besides time-temperature indicator, TTI is also an abbreviation for time-temperature monitor and time-temperature integrator.  
1.2 Time-temperature indicators may be integrated into a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) plan. Appropriate instructions should be established for handling products for which either the indicator has signaled the end of usable shelf life or the shelf life of the product at its normal storage temperature has been reached.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
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IEC 62784:2017 covers electrical mobile motor-operated vacuum cleaners Equipment Protection Level (EPL) Dc. This includes dust extractors, for wet suction or dry suction, intended for commercial indoor use with or without attachments, to collect combustible dust in an explosive dust atmosphere. The requirements for the construction and testing covered by this document are applied in addition to the requirements for commercial and industrial vacuum cleaners in IEC 60335-2-69. This document supplements and modifies the requirements of IEC 60079-0. Whenever a requirement of this standard is in conflict with a requirement of IEC 60079-0 the requirement of this standard will take precedence. The following power systems are covered: - mains powered motors up to a rated voltage of 250 V for single-phase appliances and 480 V for other appliances. This document does not cover specific hazards associated with extreme ambient temperatures (less than –20 °C or higher than 40 °C) unless otherwise marked by the manufacturer as given in IEC 60079-0. The temperatures shall not exceed the temperature range of –20 °C to +60 °C. This document does not cover motorized cleaning heads for which additional requirements are under consideration. This document does not apply to: - back-pack vacuum cleaners; - vacuum cleaners with a traction drive; - vacuum cleaners and water-suction cleaning appliances for household use (IEC 60335-2-2); - floor treatment machines for commercial use (IEC 60335-2-67, IEC 60335-2-72); - spray extraction machines for commercial use (IEC 60335-2-68); - hand-held mains-operated electrical garden blowers, vacuums and blower vacuums (IEC 60335-2-100); - hand-held and transportable motor-operated electric tools (IEC 62841 series); - appliances for medical purposes (IEC 60601-1); - machines designed for use in corrosive environments; - machines designed for picking up flammable liquids; - machines designed for use in explosive environments due to the presence of explosive substances or pyrotechnical products, or unstable chemical substances.

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IEC TS 62478:2016 is applicable to electromagnetic (HF/VHF/UHF) and acoustic measurements of PDs which occur in insulation of electrical apparatus. This specification deals with a large variety of applications, sensors of different frequency ranges and differing sensitivities. The tasks of PD location and measuring system calibration or sensitivity check are also taken into account. Key words: High Voltage Test Techniques, Partial Discharge, Electromagnetic, Acoustic.

  • Technical specification
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ISO 17713-1:2007 describes wind tunnel test methods for determining performance characteristics of rotating anemometers, specifically cup anemometers and propeller anemometers. It also describes an acceptance test and unambiguous methods for measuring the starting threshold, distance constant, transfer function and off-axis response of a rotating anemometer in a wind tunnel.

  • Standard
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Provides fundamental definitions for general use in time domain pulse technology. It defines terms for pulse phenomena and characteristics which are prerequisite for efficient communication of technical information. It also defines terms for standards for methods of pulse characteristics measurement, for pulse apparatus, and for apparatus which employ pulse techniques.

  • Standard
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Gives the definitions and descriptions of the techniques and procedures for time domain pulse measurements. The definitions and descriptions are independent of specific devices, apparatus, instruments or computing devices which may be used in pulse measurements.

  • Standard
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  • Standard
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