SIST EN 12193:2019

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2019
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 12193:2008
Svetloba in razsvetljava - Razsvetljava športnih objektov
Light and lighting - Sports lighting
Licht und Beleuchtung - Sportstättenbeleuchtung
Lumière et éclairage - Éclairage des installations sportives
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 12193:2018
ICS:
91.160.01 Razsvetljava na splošno Lighting in general
97.220.10 Športni objekti Sports facilities
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN 12193
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
December 2018
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 91.160.01; 97.220.10 Supersedes EN 12193:2007
English Version
Light and lighting - Sports lighting
Lumière et éclairage - Éclairage des installations Licht und Beleuchtung - Sportstättenbeleuchtung
sportives
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 July 2018.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 12193:2018 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Symbols and abbreviations . 8
5 Design data . 10
5.1 General . 10
5.2 Essential light source data . 10
5.2.1 General . 10
5.2.2 Replacable lamp data. 10
5.2.3 LED light source data . 11
5.3 Essential luminaire data . 11
5.3.1 General . 11
5.3.2 Luminaires with replaceable lamps . 11
5.3.3 LED luminaires . 12
5.4 Useful luminaire data . 12
5.5 Essential installation data . 13
6 General principles of the lighting installation . 13
6.1 Reference grid for calculation and measurement . 13
6.1.1 General . 13
6.1.2 Grid size for calculation and measurements for particular sports . 13
6.1.3 Grid size for calculation and measurements for multi-sports facilities . 14
6.1.4 Application . 14
6.2 Measuring equipment . 16
6.3 Measurement record . 17
6.4 Practical differences . 17
6.5 Maintenance . 18
6.6 Spectator area lighting . 18
6.7 Safety for participants and the continuation of an event in case of lighting failure . 18
6.7.1 Safety lighting for participants . 18
6.7.2 Safety lighting for spectators . 19
6.7.3 Continuation of a sport. 19
6.8 Glare restriction . 19
6.8.1 General . 19
6.8.2 Indoor . 19
6.8.3 Outdoor . 19
6.9 Surface colours and reflection properties . 20
6.10 Obtrusive light . 20
7 Requirements for the lighting of sports most practised in Europe . 22
7.1 General requirements . 22
7.2 Non televised requirements per sport . 23
7.3 Specific requirements for television and film recording . 26
7.3.1 General . 26
7.3.2 Vertical illuminance . 26
7.3.3 Unwanted reflections or Skip Light (informative) . 28
7.3.4 Correlated colour temperature of the lighting . 28
7.3.5 Additional requirements for colour rendering of the lighting . 29
7.3.6 Light level on surrounding spectators' areas . 29
7.3.7 Position of floodlights . 29
7.3.8 Additional requirements for Super Slow Motion broadcasting (major events only) . 30
7.3.9 Considerations for other users . 31
7.3.10 Effects of surface reflection . 31
Annex A (normative) Tables of requirements . 33
Annex B (informative) A-deviation . 48
Bibliography . 49

European foreword
This document (EN 12193:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 169 “Light and
lighting”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2019, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by June 2019.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 12193:2007.
In this revision the main technical changes can be divided between the needs of the players and that of
the camera. For the players the minimum colour rendering index has been increased from R > 20 to
a
R > 60. The tables of requirements have been updated to take into account sports that have become
a
popular since the last edition. Recommendations on the use of Glare Rating for indoor sports areas are
now included.
The requirements for television and film recording have been revised to reflect changes in broadcast
technology since the last edition. Lighting levels have been reviewed in line with the requirements for
HD and 4K transmission as well as production techniques. For cameras colour rendering index has been
replaced by Television Lighting Consistency Index (TLCI) which has been developed specifically for
broadcast cameras. Requirements for eliminating flicker from slow motion cameras are included as well
as lighting of spectators.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Introduction
This European Standard deals with sports lighting to ensure good visual conditions for players, athletes,
referees, spectators and CTV transmission. The objective of this document is to provide
recommendations and specify requirements for good quality sports lighting by:
— optimizing the perception of visual information used during sports events;
— maintaining the level of visual performance;
— providing acceptable visual comfort;
— restricting obtrusive light.
1 Scope
This document specifies lighting for those indoor and outdoor sports events most practised in Europe.
This document only considers artificial lighting. It provides lighting values for the design and control of
sports lighting installations in terms of illuminances, uniformity, glare restriction and colour properties
of the light sources. All requirements are intended to be as minimum requirements. It also gives
methods by which these values are measured. For the limitation of glare, it also points out restrictions
on the location of the luminaires for specific applications.
For emergency lighting this document refers to the requirements of EN 1838.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 1838, Lighting applications — Emergency lighting
EN 12665:2011, Light and lighting — Basic terms and criteria for specifying lighting requirements
EN 13032-1, Light and lighting — Measurement and presentation of photometric data of lamps and
luminaires — Part 1: Measurement and file format
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 12665:2011 and the following
apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
principal area
PA
actual playing area needed for the performance of a certain sport
Note 1 to entry: Usually this means the actual marked out “field” area for that sport (for instance football), but
in some cases this area comprises an extra playing area around the marked area (e.g. tennis, volleyball, table
tennis).
Note 2 to entry: In all tables in Annex A examples of area sizes are given which are most commonly used for that
sport. The particular area dimensions should be checked at the time when designing a lighting installation.
3.2
total area
TA
area generally comprising the principal area (PA) plus an additional safety area outside the principal
area
Note 1 to entry: The dimensions of this area are generally based on PA, for the relevant sport and level of
competition. For most sports this reference area is limited by a rectangle in the horizontal plane of the ground. An
example of a reference area is given in Figure 1 where l and w stand respectively for the length and the width of
the rectangular reference area. Where a total area (TA) is specified, it will also be necessary to fulfil the
requirements as defined in 7.1 a).
3.3
grid points for measurement and calculation
arrangement of calculation and measurement points and their number in each dimension of the
reference area
Note 1 to entry: When the reference area is rectangular, l and w (see Figure 1) define the dimensions of the
rectangle limited by the four corner points which are common for calculation and measurement.
Note 2 to entry: When the reference area covers a symmetrical track, is l a quarter of the length of the inner
limit of the track and w the width of the track as defined in Figure 2.
3.4
obtrusive light
spill light, which, because of quantitative, directional or spectral attributes in a given context, gives rise
to annoyance, discomfort, distraction or reduction in the ability to see information that is critical to the
visual task
Note 1 to entry In the case of outdoor sports lighting installation, obtrusive light is considered around
the installation and not for spectators, referees or players within the sports area.
[Source: EN 12665:2018, 3.2.46, modified]
3.5
curfew sports lighting
time after which stricter requirements (for the control of obtrusive light) will apply
[Source: see CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations Part 3:2015, D.1.5.]
Note 1 to entry: It is often a condition of use of lighting applied by a government controlling authority, usually
the local government.
3.6
average illuminance over a surface
illuminance averaged over the specified surface
[Source: EN 12665:2018, 3.2.11, modified]
Note 1 to entry: Horizontal illuminance calculated at ground level (0 m) and vertical illuminance calculated at a
height of 1,5 m, unless stated otherwise.
3.6.1
maintained average illuminance over a surface
value below which the average illuminance on the specified surface is not allowed to fall
Note 1 to entry: It is the average illuminance on the specified surface at the time maintenance is to be carried
out.
3.6.2
initial average illuminance over a surface
average illuminance on the specified surface when the installation is new
Note 1 to entry: The initial average illuminance is obtained from the specified maintained value by dividing the
latter value by the maintenance factor at the time maintenance is to be carried out.
3.7
principal camera
camera at location which are designated as requiring full calculations
3.8
secondary camera
camera at other fixed location and might not require full calculations over the whole area (e.g. camera
behind the goal)
3.9
hand-held (or roving camera)
camera whose position can be anywhere on the principal area; camera that requires at least for the four
vertical planes parallel to the edges of the principal area to be calculated
3.10
Television Lighting Consistency Index
TLCI
lighting colour metric developed by the European Broadcasting Union and designed for television
Note 1 to entry: The TLCI Q can be a number between 0 (bad) and 100 (perfect). Although designed for
a
productions where cameras would be intercut between different locations and/or lighting, it is also useful for
sports lighting.
Note 2 to entry: The EBU requirements are given in EBU Recommendation R.137, EBU Technical document
Tech. 3355 [30].
3.11
gradient
percentage change in illuminance over a specified distance
4 Symbols and abbreviations
4.1 Symbols and units
For the purposes of this document, the symbols given in EN ISO 52000-1 and the specific symbols listed
in Table 1 apply.
Table 1 — Symbols and units
Symbol Name of quantity Unit
b Width of the principal area (PA) m
d Length of the principal area (PA) m
E Minimum Horizontal Illuminance lx
hor Min
E Maximum Horizontal Illuminance lx
hor Max
E Average Horizontal Illuminance lx
hor Ave
E Minimum Vertical Illuminance lx
vert Min
Symbol Name of quantity Unit
E Maximum Vertical Illuminance lx
vert Max
E Average Vertical Illuminance lx
vert Ave
E Minimum vertical illuminance towards a specified camera lx
cam Min
E Maximum vertical illuminance towards a specified camera lx
cam Max
E Average vertical illuminance towards a specified camera lx
cam Ave
E Average vertical illuminance towards a specified camera over the stand lx
cam Ave Stand
E Average vertical illuminance towards a specified camera over the lx
cam Ave PA
principal area
l Length of the total area (TA) m
U1 Minimum to Maximum Horizontal Uniformity —
hor
U2 Minimum to Average Horizontal Uniformity —
hor
U1vert Minimum to Maximum Vertical Uniformity —
U2vert Minimum to Average Vertical Uniformity —
R Colour Rendering Index —
a
T Correlated Colour Temperature K
cp
Q Television Lighting Consistency Index —
a
P Calculation Grid Increment Widthwise m
w
P Calculation Grid Increment Lengthwise m
l
PA Principal Area 2
m
TA Total Area 2
m
W Calculation Grid Width m
p
L Calculation Grid Length m
p
R Unified Glare Rating —
UG
R Glare Rating —
G
R Maximum Upward Light Output Ratio %
ULMax
R Light Output Ratio %
LO
I Luminaire intensity of each source in the potentially obtrusive direction cd
L Building Luminance −2
b cd m
f Threshold Increment —
TI
w Width of the total area (TA) m
Symbol Name of quantity Unit
W Nominal Wattage W
source
F Lamp Lumen Maintenance Factor —
LLM
F Lamp Survival Factor —
LS
t Rated Ambient Performance Temperature t °C
q q
L Lumen Maintenance
%
x
B Rated Useful Life
h
y
F Ballast Lumen Factor
—
BL
F Luminaire Maintenance Factor
—
LM
F Utilization Factor
—
U
FF Flicker factor %
5 Design data
5.1 General
The following data shall be provided to the designers and users in the planning and operation of
lighting installations.
5.2 Essential light source data
5.2.1 General
The following data for the light source shall be provided for verification:
— Code: Any combination of letters and numbers by which the light source type can be identified.
— Dimensions: All dimensions of the light source that are relevant for the luminaire.
— Nominal wattage (W ): The nominal light source wattage (W ) as the approximate
source source
wattage used to designate or identify the light source may be stated.
— Luminous Flux.
— General colour rendering index (R ).
a
— Correlated colour temperature (T ).
cp
5.2.2 Replacable lamp data
5.2.2.1 Lamp lumen maintenance factor (F )
LLM
The lamp lumen maintenance factor may be presented as a graph or as data in a table. However, for the
designer to set up an optimal maintenance scheme, it is recommended to present such data in tabular
form.
5.2.2.2 Lamp survival factor (F )
LS
The lamp survival factor may be presented as a graph or as data in a table. However, to allow the
designer to set up an optimal maintenance scheme, it is recommended to present such data in tabular
form.
5.2.3 LED light source data
5.2.3.1 Lumen maintenance: Length of time during which the source light output has fallen to x %
(L ).
x
5.2.3.2 Rated median useful life: Length of time during which 50 % (B ) of a population of
operating LED sources of the same type have parametrically failed, under standard test conditions as
declared by the manufacturer or responsible vendor.
5.2.3.3 Rated useful life: Length of time during which y % (B ) of a population of operating LED
y
sources of the same type have parametrically failed, under standard test conditions as declared by the
manufacturer or responsible vendor.
NOTE Lumen maintenance and life are usually quoted for the same time e.g. L B @ z hours and for a
x y
specified ambient temperature.
5.3 Essential luminaire data
5.3.1 General
The following luminaire data shall be provided for verification of conformity to the requirements of this
European Standard.
5.3.1.1 Luminaire code: Any combination of letters and numbers by which the luminaire type is
identified.
5.3.1.2 Normalized intensity table: In sports lighting designs, the accuracy of illuminance
calculations is based primarily upon the quality of interpolation within the intensity table of the
luminaires used. For minimum requirements see EN 13032-1.
5.3.1.3 Correction factors: When the electrical performance of the ballast, used in the photometric
measurements, deviates more than 5 % from the standard measurement, then a Ballast Lumen Factor
(F ) shall be specified.
BL
5.3.1.4 Dimensions of the luminous parts of the luminaire: The dimensions of those parts of the
luminaire from which light is emitted shall be given in m or m .
5.3.2 Luminaires with replaceable lamps
5.3.2.1 Luminaire luminous flux: For luminaires the rated luminous flux of the luminaire shall be
given.
NOTE For luminaires with replaceable lamps the rated luminous flux of the luminaire can be derived by
multiplying the rated luminous flux of the lamp by the light output ratio (R ) of the luminaire. Ballasts of
LO
luminaires may refer to a ballast lumen factor (F ) value. Where this applies the value of R should be
BL LO
multiplied by the value of F . For guidance see also EN 13032-1.
BL
5.3.2.2 Rated ambient temperature: Highest ambient temperature around the luminaire related
to the safe operation of the luminaire under normal operating conditions, both as declared by the
manufacturer or responsible vendor.
5.3.3 LED luminaires
5.3.3.1 Rated ambient performance temperature tq: Highest ambient temperature around the
luminaire related to a rated performance of the luminaire under normal operating conditions, both as
declared by the manufacturer or responsible vendor.
5.3.3.2 Lumen maintenance: Length of time during which the luminaire light output has fallen to
x % (L ).
x
5.3.3.3 Rated median useful life: Length of time during which 50 % (B ) of a population of
operating LED luminaires of the same type have parametrically failed, under standard test conditions as
declared by the manufacturer or responsible vendor.
5.3.3.4 Rated useful life: Length of time during which y % (B ) of a population of operating LED
y
luminaires of the same type have parametrically failed, under standard test conditions as declared by
the manufacturer or responsible vendor.
5.3.3.5 Luminaire luminous efficacy: The ratio of the luminaire luminous flux emitted divided by
the power consumed by the luminaire including drivers.
NOTE Lumen maintenance and life are usually quoted for the same time e.g. L B at z hours and for a
x y
specified ambient temperature.
5.4 Useful luminaire data
The following luminaire data shall be provided to the designers and users in the planning and operation
of lighting installations.
Intensity diagram: The intensity distribution presented as a graph is mainly intended to give a first
impression of the shape of the luminous intensity distribution. The graph for floodlights should be in
Cartesian format.
Luminaire maintenance factor (F ): The luminaire maintenance factor (F ) may be presented as
LM LM
a graph or as data in a table. However, for the designer to set up an optimal maintenance scheme, it is
recommended to present such data in a tabular form.
Spacing to height ratios: Ratio of spacing to the height of the geometric centres of an array of
luminaires above the reference plane in the axial and transverse directions.
NOTE Usually used for indoor facilities in conjunction with UF tables (see below).
Utilization factor tables: The utilization factor (F ) of a luminaire in an installation is the ratio of the
U
luminous flux received by the reference surface to the sum of the rated lamp luminous fluxes of the
lamps of the installation (see EN 12665).
NOTE Usually used for indoor facilities.
Photometry: Whether relative or absolute photometry has been used.
5.5 Essential installation data
The following installation data shall be provided for verification of conformity to the requirements of
EN 12193:
— field dimensions: for example area dimensions see Annex A;
— reflectance of the area (required for glare calculations);
— maintenance factor;
— electrical supply voltage.
6 General principles of the lighting installation
6.1 Reference grid for calculation and measurement
6.1.1 General
Verification of the illuminance values provided by a lighting installation requires regular in situ
measurements to be made on site. It is then advisable to define a specific grid so that the lighting
designer and customer can have a common ground when carrying out lighting calculations and
measurements. These grids are generally rectangular. The illuminances are calculated or measured at
every centre of grid rectangles. The grid limits are defined in 3.3. The reference of the grid is generally
the ground level for horizontal illuminance evaluation or 1,5 m above for vertical illuminances, unless
stated otherwise. The grid points are determined by the length and width of the reference area or, for a
track (see Figure 2), by a quarter of the length of its inner limit and its width as described in 6.1.2.
6.1.2 Grid size for calculation and measurements for particular sports
In principle the grid size necessary for calculation and measurement depends on the sports area under
consideration, the geometry of the installation, the luminous intensity distribution of the luminaires
used, the required accuracy and the photometric quantities to be evaluated. Although this dependence
cannot be described in a simple way, in practice, the maximum grid size can be estimated using
Formula (1).
logd
(1)
p 02, ⋅5
where
p is the grid size;
d is the longer dimension of the reference area.
The number of points in the longer dimension is given by the nearest odd whole number of d/p.
The resulting spacing between the grid points is used to calculate the nearest odd whole number of grid
points in the shorter dimension. This will give a ratio of length to width of a grid cell near to 1.
NOTE The formula (coming from CIE X005 [3]) has been derived under the assumption log p proportional to
log d, where:
p = 0,2 m for d = 1 m;
p = 1 m for d = 10 m;
p = 5 m for d = 100 m.
=
6.1.3 Grid size for calculation and measurements for multi-sports facilities
Checks should be performed for any separate playing area within the total area, using the grid specified
for the particular sport, for instance when there are specific users or competitions (e.g. badminton,
basketball, volleyball). Where there are several marked playing areas within a total area (e.g. multi-use
sports hall) an additional calculation and measurement over the whole area can be made, using the
dimensions of this whole area to determine the number of grid points according to Formula (1) in 6.1.2.
6.1.4 Application
The calculation grid is defined to verify the specified performance of a new installation. The
measurement grid can be the same as the calculation grid, however this will usually lead to an excessive
number of measuring points. A reduced number of points can be taken and measured values compared
to calculation ones at the same points. This reduced grid should be agreed by a contract and used as the
basis of checking the installed performance. The numbers of calculation points are defined for most of
sports in the grouped tables of lighting requirements (see Annex A). It will be noticed that the proposed
calculation grids in 6.1.2 are such that the number of points for length or width is odd and always
allows a measurement grid every two points while keeping a symmetric repartition of the points over
the reference area. An example of measurement points is given in Figure 1 with encircled points.
NOTE Further guidance on measurement grids can be found in CIE 169:2005 [4].
The average illuminance is determined as the mean arithmetical value obtained from all the points. For
new installations the calculation of the initial illuminances shall be compared to actual measurements.
The initial illuminances are calculated from the maintained illuminances given in the tables of
requirements in Annex A, taking into account an appropriate maintenance factor.
a) Principal area (PA) b) Total area (TA)
Key
P (PA) PA calculation grid increment widthwise W (PA) calculation grid width principal area
w p
P (TA) TA calculation grid increment widthwise W (TA) calculation grid width total area
w p
b width of the principal area (PA) l length of the total area (TA)
P (PA) PA calculation grid increment lengthwise L (PA) calculation grid length principal area
l p
P (TA) TA calculation grid increment lengthwise L (TA) calculation grid length total area
l p
d length of the principal area (PA) + calculation point
w width of the total area (TA) ⌖ calculation and measurement point
Figure 1 — Reference area, calculation grid points and an example of measurement grid points
For non-rectangular playing areas such as athletics tracks, calculations can be made on a rectangular
grid but the intervals between calculation points should be small enough that the playing area contains
sufficient points. The length l is 25 % of the total length of a circular track. (See Figure 2.)
Key
a inner limit of the track + calculation point
w width of the track (PA) ⌖ calculation and measurement point
W calculation grid width (PA) l Length of the total area (TA)
p
P calculation grid increment length wise (PA)
l
P calculation grid increment width wise
w
Figure 2 — Reference area, measurement grid points for a track
6.2 Measuring equipment
Measurement shall use calibrated equipment of sufficient accuracy for the measurement being
performed and operated according to the manufacturer's instructions and industry best practice.
Measurement shall be made to confirm design values to the specified lighting criteria. The output of this
shall be a lighting performance verification report.
NOTE Measurement equipment can be classified according to national standards such as DIN 5032-7 Class B,
UNI 11142, BS 667 or BS 7920.
6.3 Measurement record
The following details shall be included in the photometric measuring record:
a) nomenclature of the sports ground;
b) date and time of measuring;
c) type of installation and geometric details of luminaires installation;
d) type and number of lamps, control gear, dimmers and luminaires, where relevant;
e) age of the luminaires and lamps; number of hours the lamps have operated;
f) time of the last cleaning and number of hours the lamp have operated since this last cleaning;
g) operating voltage while measuring:
1) if the operating voltage differs from the nominal voltage of the lamp while measuring, a
correction factor for the luminous flux shall be considered;
2) operating voltage shall be measured close to the lamps or the ballasts for discharge lamps;
h) ambient temperatures of the measuring units and luminaires;
i) indication of reflectance of the bordering surfaces (in case of interiors);
j) climatic conditions in case of exterior installations;
k) type of measuring unit, manufacturer, serial number, class and calibration;
l) the location and aiming of any luminaires that are abnormally not operating during the survey.
6.4 Practical differences
A difference between the measured and calculated values is likely to occur as a result of:
a) tolerances in manufacturing luminaires, lamps, etc.;
b) tolerances in the photometric measurements;
c) tolerances in position and aiming of luminaires;
d) tolerances in the measuring equipment.
Taking these tolerances into account, the differences between the measured and calculated average
illuminance values shall be ≤ 10 %.
Additional differences can be caused by voltage and temperature variation, which shall be taken into
account.
Verification procedures:
— verification shall be by measurements, calculations or inspection of authenticated data;
— measurements (measured illuminance values) shall be made with calibrated instruments;
— authenticated data (R , R , f , I, R ) shall be provided with all assumptions declared.
a G TI UL
6.5 Maintenance
The lighting level provided by a lighting installation will decrease throughout life as a result of:
— depreciation of the lamps and the luminaires;
— dirt accumulation on the lamps and the luminaires;
— depreciation of room surfaces;
— lamp’s survival rate.
Planning the maintenance operation is therefore essential if the original design parameters are to be
met throughout the life of the installation. As such, it is expected that lamp change and cleaning
intervals will form a part of the lighting design for a specific area.
The maintenance factor shall be agreed between the designer and customer at the outset. This shall
include the planned maintenance programme on which the maintenance factor is based.
NOTE To define the maintenance factor, information can be taken from CIE 97:2005 [6] for indoor
installations and from CIE 154:2003 [7] for outdoor installations.
Special consideration shall be given to the location of luminaires to ensure that maintenance can be
carried out with the minimum of disruption.
6.6 Spectator area lighting
For the visual comfort of spectators the lighting level shall be an average of at least 10 lx for seated area
and 20 lx for stepped or inclined surface areas.
6.7 Safety for participants and the continuation of an event in case of lighting failure
6.7.1 Safety lighting for participants
Participant safety is ensured by the safe stopping of an event which might otherwise be dangerous to
continue in the absence of lighting.
The lighting level for the safe stopping of an event is a percentage of the average level for that class (see
7.1) with the uniformity specified in the tables of Annex A. This applies to the following sports and
percentages listed below:
— swimming 5 % for a minimum period of 30 s
— indoor gymnastics 5 % for a minimum period of 30 s
— indoor and outdoor equestrian 5 % for a minimum period of 120 s
— speed skating 5 % for a minimum period of 30 s
— ice hockey and figure skating 5 % for a minimum period of 30 s
— bobsleigh and toboggans 10 % for a minimum period of 120 s
— ski jump and landing 10 % for a minimum period of 30 s
— ski slopes 10 % for a minimum period of 30 s
— cycle racing 10 % for a minimum period of 60 s
The uniformity should be 50 % of the initial value for the times mentioned above.
The safety lighting shall be operational the instant the general lighting fails and last for at least the
period specified. EN 1838 shall be applied after this period and comply with local regulations.
6.7.2 Safety lighting for spectators
The safety lighting for spectator areas shall comply with EN 1838 and in accordance with local
regulations.
6.7.3 Continuation of a sport
For continuation of a sport, the lighting level shall be at least the Class III level specified for that sport
(see tables of Annex A).
6.8 Glare restriction
6.8.1 General
Glare shall be limited to avoid a reduction in visual performance or a clearly noticeable discomfort for
players, officials or spectators. This requirement has the highest priority.
6.8.2 Indoor
High brightness light sources can cause discomfort or even disability glare. These effects depend on the
position of these sources in the player's (or spectator’s) field of view in the game. This can require
special attention to the positioning and screening of light sources to avoid this effect, especially in
sports in which athletes have to look up, above the horizontal. Some sports governing bodies give
specific limitations of the positioning of light sources for their sport.
For the established discomfort glare models, such as R , developed for desk work in an office
UG
environment, or R , developed for outdoor sports lighting, it is assumed that individuals look straight
G
ahead or slightly down.
The viewing direction of a sports participant is, however, constantly changing, and in many sports is
also directed upwards.
Research indicates that the R may also be used for indoor sports facilities, but still assuming viewing
G
positions below the horizontal. Where R values are given in Annex A they only relate to viewing
G
positions below the horizontal. R can be calculated according to Formula (2).
G
Where sporting facilities are also used for non-sporting activities, such as examinations or lectures, R
UG
may be used additionally.
6.8.3 Outdoor
Glare rating values (R ) used in the tables of requirements in Annex A apply. The glare rating shall be
G
calculated for agreed observer positions and angles of view according to the Formula (2), at a height of
1,50 m.
NOTE CIE 112 [9] has been taken into account to define the R values for most sports.
G
09,
R 27 + 24 lg LL /
( )
G vi ve
(2)
=
where
−2
L is the total veiling luminance in cd m caused by the lighting installation and is the sum of the
vi
veiling luminances produced by each individual luminaire (L = L + L + …. L ). The veiling
vi v1 v2 vn
luminance of the individual luminaires is calculated as L = 10(E /θ ), in which E is the
vi i i i
illuminance at the observer's eye in a plane perpendicular to the line of sight (2° below horizontal)
and θ is the angle in radians between the observer’s line of sight and the direction of the light
incident from the individual luminaire, see EN 13201-3 [28];
−2
L is the equivalent veiling luminance of the environment in cd m . From the assumption that
ve
the reflection of the environment is totally diffuse, the equivalent veiling reflection from the
−1
environment may be calculated as L = 0,035 · ρ · E · π , in which ρ represents the
ve hor Ave
average reflectance (see Table 14) and E the average illuminance of the area.
hor Ave
6.9 Surface colours and reflection properties
Surface colours shall be chosen taking into account the usual tasks involved in the intended activities
including knowledge of the colours of objects to be viewed against the background in question. These
surfaces should be matt to avoid glare due to the reflection of bright sources.
6.10 Obtrusive light
To safeguard and enhance the night time environment it is necessary to control obtrusive light, which
can present physiological and ecological problems to surroundings and individuals.
The limits of obtrusive light for exterior lighting installations, to minimize problems for individuals are
given in Table 2 and for road users in Table 3.
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