SIST EN 301 091 V1.1.1:2003

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.ElectroMagnetic Compatibility and Radio Spectrum Matters (ERM); Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT); Technical characteristics and test methods for radar equipment operating in the 76 GHz to 77 GHz band35.240.60Uporabniške rešitve IT v transportu in trgoviniIT applications in transport and trade33.100.01Elektromagnetna združljivost na splošnoElectromagnetic compatibility in general33.060.99Druga oprema za radijske komunikacijeOther equipment for radiocommunicationsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 301 091 Version 1.1.1SIST EN 301 091 V1.1.1:2003en01-december-2003SIST EN 301 091 V1.1.1:2003SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EN 301 091 V1.1.1 (1998-06)European Standard (Telecommunications series)Electromagnetic compatibilityand Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT);Technical characteristics and test methodsfor radar equipment operating in the 76 GHz to 77 GHz bandSIST EN 301 091 V1.1.1:2003

ETSIEN 301 091 V1.1.1 (1998-06)2ReferenceDEN/ERM-RP08-0401 (a3o00ico.PDF)KeywordsRadar, radioETSIPostal addressF-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCEOffice address650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia AntipolisValbonne - FRANCETel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00
Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 CAssociation à but non lucratif enregistrée à laSous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88Internetsecretariat@etsi.frhttp://www.etsi.frhttp://www.etsi.orgCopyright NotificationNo part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission.The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1998.All rights reserved.SIST EN 301 091 V1.1.1:2003

ETSIEN 301 091 V1.1.1 (1998-06)3ContentsIntellectual Property Rights.6Foreword.6Introduction.71Scope.82Normative references.83Definitions, symbols and abbreviations.93.1Definitions.93.2Symbols.103.3Abbreviations.104General.104.1Presentation of equipment for testing purposes.104.1.1Choice of model for type testing.114.2Mechanical and electrical design.114.2.1General.114.2.2Controls.114.2.3Marking (equipment identification).114.2.3.1Equipment identification.114.2.3.2Regulatory markings.124.3Declarations by the applicant.124.4Auxiliary test equipment.124.5Interpretation of the measurement results.125Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures.125.1Normal and extreme test conditions.125.2External test power source.125.3Normal test conditions.135.3.1Normal temperature and humidity.135.3.2Normal test power source.135.3.2.1Mains voltage.135.3.2.2Regulated lead-acid battery power sources.135.3.2.3Other power sources.135.4Extreme test conditions.135.4.1Extreme temperatures.135.4.1.1Procedure for tests at extreme temperature.135.4.1.2Extreme temperature ranges.145.4.2Extreme test power source.145.4.2.1Mains voltage.145.4.2.2Lead-acid battery, regulated power sources.145.4.2.3Power sources using other types of batteries.145.4.2.4Other power sources.156General conditions.156.1Test fixture.156.1.1Calibration.167Methods of measurement and limits for the transmitter RF parameters.167.1Permitted range of operating frequencies.177.1.1Definition.177.1.2Method of measurement.177.1.3Limits.177.2Radiated power density.177.2.1Definition.177.2.2Method of measurement.18SIST EN 301 091 V1.1.1:2003

ETSIEN 301 091 V1.1.1 (1998-06)47.2.2.1Equipment with a fixed beam antenna (i.e. non-steerable by either mechanical or electronicmeans).187.2.2.2Equipment with (electronically or mechanically) steerable antenna(s).187.2.3Limits.197.2.3.1Equipment with fixed beam antenna.197.2.3.2Equipment with (electronically or mechanically) steerable antennas.197.3Maximum safe level for radiated power density.197.4Modulation schemes.197.4.1Pulse modulation.197.4.1.1Definition.197.4.1.2Methods of measurement.207.4.1.3Limits.217.4.2Frequency modulated continuous wave.217.4.2.1Definition.217.4.2.2Methods of measurement.227.4.2.3Limits.227.4.3Frequency Shift Keying (FSK).237.4.3.1Definition.237.4.3.2Method of measurement.247.4.3.3Limits.257.5Radiated spurious emissions.257.5.1Definition.257.5.2Measuring receiver.257.5.3Method of measurement for radiated spurious emission.257.5.4Limits.267.6Unwanted emissions caused by the application of the modulation.267.6.1Definition.267.6.2Measuring receiver.277.6.3Method of measurement.277.6.4Limits.288Measurement uncertainty.28Annex A (normative):Radiated measurements.29A.1Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields.29A.1.1Open Area Test Site (OATS).29A.1.2Test antenna.30A.1.3Standard position.30A.1.4Optional additional indoor site.30A.2Guidance on the use of radiation test sites.31A.2.1Measuring distance.31A.2.2Test antenna.31A.2.3Substitution antenna.32A.2.4Auxiliary cables.32A.3Further optional alternative indoor test site using a fully anechoic RF chamber.32A.3.1Example of the construction of a shielded anechoic chamber.32A.3.2Influence of parasitic reflections in anechoic chambers.33A.3.3Calibration of the shielded RF anechoic chamber.33SIST EN 301 091 V1.1.1:2003

ETSIEN 301 091 V1.1.1 (1998-06)5Annex B (normative):General description of measurement methods.35B.1Radiated measurements.35Annex C (normative):Subclauses of the present document relevant for compliance with theessential requirements of relevant EC Council Directives.37Annex D (informative):Maximum safe level of radiated power density.38D.1Definition.38D.2Method of measurement.38D.2.1Equipment with a fixed beam antenna(s) (i.e. non-steerable by either mechanical or electronic means).38D.2.2Equipment with (electronically or mechanically) steerable antenna.38D.3Limit.38Annex E (informative):Conversion of power density to EIRP.39E.1Assumptions.39E.2Example.39History.40SIST EN 301 091 V1.1.1:2003

ETSIEN 301 091 V1.1.1 (1998-06)6Intellectual Property RightsIPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The informationpertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be foundin SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respectof ETSI standards", which is available free of charge from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on theETSI Web server (http://www.etsi.fr/ipr or http://www.etsi.org/ipr).Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guaranteecan be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server)which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.ForewordThis European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical CommitteeElectromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM).This present document, together with ETS 300 683, is intended to become a Harmonized Standard, the reference ofwhich will be published in the Official Journal of the European Communities referencing the Council Directive on theapproximation of the laws of the Member States relating to ElectroMagnetic Compatibility ("the EMC Directive")(89/336/EEC as amended).The technical parameters which are relevant to the ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) directive are listed inannex C.Where equipment compliant with the present document is intended for fitment into vehicles, then it is subject toautomotive EMC type approval and has to comply with directive 95/54/EC. For use on vehicles outside the scope of95/54/EC compliance with an EMC directive/standard appropriate for that use is required (e.g. 97/24/EC for 2/3wheeled vehicles).For non-automotive use, compliance with an EMC directive/standard, appropriate for that use is required.National transposition datesDate of adoption of this EN:19 June 1998Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa):30 September 1998Date of latest publication of new National Standardor endorsement of this EN (dop/e):31 March 1999Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow):31 March 1999SIST EN 301 091 V1.1.1:2003

ETSIEN 301 091 V1.1.1 (1998-06)7IntroductionThe present document contains the technical characteristics for radio equipment referencing CEPT/ERC Decision andRecommendations, including TR 01-06 [6].The present document was drafted on the assumption that type test measurements performed by an accredited testlaboratory, will be accepted by the various national regulatory authorities in order to grant type approval, provided thenational regulatory requirements are met. This is in compliance with CEPT/ERC Recommendation T/R 01-06 [6].The present document refers to short range radar systems using specified modulation schemes, and within the band76 GHz to 77 GHz as specified by ERC/DEC/(92)02 [1].Full use of the 76 GHz to 77 GHz band is permitted subject to the constraints as defined in clause 7.There are two "classes" defined within the present document, class 1 and class 2. The single difference between thesetwo classes is the level of permitted transmitted power in the 76 GHz to 77 GHz band.The present document reflects the potential for the coexistence of the maximum number of systems in the samegeographical location, with minimal interference.For class 1, the mean power density at the carrier frequency does not exceed 0,9 W / m2 at 3 m (50 dBm EIRP).The peak equivalent power density at the carrier frequency does not exceed 3 W / m2 at 3 m (55 dBm EIRP).For class 2, the mean power density at the carrier frequency does not exceed 0,002 W / m2 at 3 m (23,5 dBm EIRP).The peak equivalent power density at the carrier frequency does not exceed 3 W / m2 at 3 m (55 dBm EIRP).In order to permit the greatest freedom of design of equipment, whilst protecting other radio services from disturbance, abalance is required between the permitted range of frequencies on which the equipment may be used, and its frequencystability and modulation characteristics. The present document specifies the operational frequency and bandwidth ascovered by ERC/DEC/(92)02 [1].Clauses 1 to 3 give a general description of the types of equipment covered by the present document and the definitionsand abbreviations used. Clause 4 gives general information in order that type tests may be carried out and any markingson the equipment to be provided by the manufacturer.Clauses 5 and 6 specify the test conditions.Clause 7 specifies the limits of the parameters which are required to be tested. These limits have been chosen tominimize harmful disturbance to and from other equipment and services. These clauses also specify how the equipmentis to be tested and the conditions which are applied.Clause 8 specifies the maximum measurement uncertainty values.Annex A provides normative standards concerning test sites for radiated measurements.Annex B provides general information relating to measurement methods.Annex C provides information on the technical parameters which need to comply with the EMC Directive.Annex D is an informative annex relating to the permitted safe levels of radiated power.Annex E is an informative annex on the equation for the conversion of power density to Equivalent IsotropicallyRadiated Power (EIRP).SIST EN 301 091 V1.1.1:2003

ETSIEN 301 091 V1.1.1 (1998-06)81ScopeThe present document specifies the requirements for a short range 76 GHz to 77 GHz radar intended for Road Transportand Traffic Telematics (RTTT) applications (amongst others), such as Automotive Cruise Control (ACC), CollisionWarning (CW) and Anti-Collision (AC) systems for vehicles, and to assure electromagnetic compatibility.The present document applies to:-low power motion and distance monitoring radars for mobile and fixed applications; operating on radiofrequencies in the 76 GHz to 77 GHz band, with mean power densities of up to 0,9 W / m2 at 3 m (50 dBmEIRP), and up to 3 W / m2 peak at 3 m (55 dBm EIRP) for class 1, and mean power densities of up to0,002 W / m2 at 3 m (23,5 dBm EIRP), and up to 3 W / m2 peak at 3m (55 dBm EIRP) for class 2.It covers the minimum characteristics considered necessary in order to make the best use of the allocated frequencyband. It does not necessarily include all the characteristics which may be required by a user, nor does it necessarilyrepresent the optimum performance achievable.The present document is based upon ERC/DEC/(92)02 [1]. It is a product standard covering various RTTT applications.The present document covers radars for fixed and mobile applications. It covers integrated transceivers and separatetransmit/receive modules.The present document includes standards for methods of measurement for equipment fitted with associated antenna.Additional standards or standards may be required for equipment such as that intended for connection to the public orprivate networks or other systems.2Normative referencesReferences may be made to:a)specific versions of publications (identified by date of publication, edition number, version number, etc.), inwhich case, subsequent revisions to the referenced document do not apply; orb)all versions up to and including the identified version (identified by "up to and including" before the versionidentity); orc)all versions subsequent to and including the identified version (identified by "onwards" following the versionidentity); ord)publications without mention of a specific version, in which case the latest version applies.A non-specific reference to an ETS shall also be taken to refer to later versions published as an EN with the samenumber.[1]ERC Decision of 22 October 1992 on the frequency bands to be designated for the co-ordinatedintroduction of Road Transport Telematic Systems (RTT) (ERC/DEC/(92)02).[2]CISPR 16-1: "Specifications for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus andmethods; Part 1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus".[3]CISPR 16-2 "Specifications for radio disturbances and immunity measuring apparatus andmethods; Part 2: Methods of measurement of disturbance and immunity".[4]EN 55022 (1995): "Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics ofinformation technology equipment".[5]Regulation 95/54/EEC the Automotive EMC Directive.[6]ERC/REC Recommendation TR 01-06: "Procedure for mutual recognition of type testing approvalfor radio equipment".SIST EN 301 091 V1.1.1:2003

ETSIEN 301 091 V1.1.1 (1998-06)9[7]ETR 028: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Uncertainties in themeasurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics".[8]ENV 50166-2 (1995): "Human Exposure to electromagnetic fields High Frequency (10 kHz to300 GHz)".[9]Radio Regulations - International Telecommunication Union Edition of 1990 revised 1994.3Definitions, symbols and abbreviations3.1DefinitionsFor the purposes of the present document, the following definitions apply:assigned frequency band: The frequency band within which the device is authorized to operate.associated antenna: An antenna and all its associated components which are designed as an indispensable part of theequipment.mean power: The mean power supplied from the antenna during an interval of time sufficiently long compared with thelowest frequency encountered in the modulation taken under normal operating conditions, see Radio Regulations [9].duty factor: The ratio of the area of the beam (measured at its 3 dB point) to the total area scanned by the antenna (asmeasured at its 3 dB point).Equipment Under Test (EUT): The radar sensor including the integrated antenna together with any external antennacomponents which affect or influence its performance.maximum safe level for radiated power density: That level which can be transmitted in accordance with the currentrecommended safety levels in ENV 50166-2 [8].operating frequency range: The range of operating frequencies over which the equipment can be adjusted throughswitching or reprogramming.operating frequency (operating centre frequency): The nominal frequency at which equipment is operated.Equipment may be able to operate at more than one operating frequency.peak envelope power: The mean power supplied from the antenna during one radio frequency cycle at the crest of themodulation envelope taken under normal operating conditions, see Radio Regulations [9].permitted range of operating frequencies: The frequency range over which the approved equipment may operate.Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF): The inverse of the Pulse Repetition Interval, averaged over a time sufficiently longas to cover all PRI variations.Pulse Repetition Interval (PRI): The time between the rising edges of the transmitted (pulsed) output power.radiated power density: The power per unit area normal to the direction of the electromagnetic wave propagation. It isexpressed in units of W/m2.radiated spurious emissions: Emissions at frequencies other than those of the carrier and sidebands associated withnormal modulation.radome: An external protective cover which is independent of the associated antenna, and which may contribute to theoverall performance of the antenna (and hence, the EUT).SIST EN 301 091 V1.1.1:2003

ETSIEN 301 091 V1.1.1 (1998-06)103.2SymbolsFor the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:lWavelength1/Prepetition rate of the modulation wave formacalternating currentBBandwidthBWresolution bandwidth used in the measurementdlargest dimension of the antenna apertureDDuty factordfspectral distance between 2 lines with similar power levelsDfmaxmaximum amplitude of frequency shift between any two frequency stepsEField strengthEoReference field strengthGBlanking periodPperiod of time during in which one cycle of the modulation wave form is completed.Pamean power within the BWPLpower of an individual spectral lineRDistanceRoReference distancetdwell timetfrequency step durationTfrequency step repetition frequencyTxTransmitter3.3AbbreviationsFor the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:EIRPEquivalent Isotropically Radiated PowerEUTEquipment Under TestFMCWFrequency Modulated Carrier WaveFMICWFrequency Modulated Interrupted Continuous WaveFSKFrequency Shift KeyingIFIntermediate FrequencyOATSOpen Area Test SitePRIPulse Repetition IntervalPRFPulse Repetition FrequencyRFRadio FrequencyVSWRVoltage Standing Wave Ratio4General4.1Presentation of equipment for testing purposesEach equipment submitted for type testing shall fulfil the requirements of the present document (specifying the relevantequipment part number) over the frequency and in the application for which it is intended to operate. In the case of anautomotive application, EMC type approval testing to 95/54/EEC [5] should be done on the vehicle.The applicant shall complete the appropriate application form when submitting equipment for type testing. Additionally,technical documentation and operating manuals shall also be supplied.The performance of the equipment submitted for type testing shall be representative of the performance of thecorresponding production model. In order to avoid any ambiguity in that assessment, the present document containsinstructions for the presentation of equipment for type testing purposes (subclause 4.1), conditions of testing (clause 5)and the measurement methods (clauses 7 and 8).SIST EN 301 091 V1.1.1:2003

ETSIEN 301 091 V1.1.1 (1998-06)11Stand alone equipment shall be offered by the applicant complete with any ancillary equipment needed for testing. Theapplicant shall declare the frequency range(s), the range of operation conditions and power requirements, as applicable,in order to establish the appropriate test conditions.The equipment shall be complete, and include the associated antenna structure as will be used in its final application.The inclusion of a radome (if appropriate) is optional. If the equipment is qualified with the radome, then the equipmentshall only be used with that radome.Test fixtures may be supplied by the applicant (see subclause 6.1).Complete sensor modules should be supplied by the manufacturer to facilitate the tests.If the submitted unit is capable of meeting both class 1 and class 2 of the present document (i.e. has two modes ofoperation), it should be clearly documented with the necessary information. Such a unit shall be proven against the fullStandard in each operating mode.4.1.1Choice of model for type testingThe applicant shall provide one or more complete production (or production intent) models of the equipment, asappropriate, for type testing.Any essential change shall be notified to the approval authority.If an equipment has optional features which are considered not to affect the Radio Frequency (RF) parameters, then thetests may only be performed on the equipment configured with the combination of features considered to be the mostcomplex (as proposed by the applicant and agreed by the accredited test laboratory).4.2Mechanical and electrical design4.2.1GeneralThe equipment submitted by the applicant, or his representative, shall be designed, constructed and manufactured inaccordance with good engineering practice, and with the aim of minimizing harmful disturbance to other equipment andservices.Transmitters (Tx) and receivers may be individual or combination units.4.2.2ControlsThose controls which if maladjusted might increase the interference possibilities to and from the equipment shall only beaccessible by partial or complete disassembly of the device and requiring the use of tools. This also applies (ifapplicable) to the mechanism which selects between class 1 and class 2 as defined in the present document.4.2.3Marking (equipment identification)The equipment shall be marked in a visible place. This marking shall be legible and durable.4.2.3.1Equipment identificationThe marking shall include as a minimum:-the name of the manufacturer and/or his trade mark;-the type designation.Where this is not possible due to dimension constraints, the documentation which accompanies the equipment shallcontain as a minimum, the information required above.SIST EN 301 091 V1.1.1:2003

ETSIEN 301 091 V1.1.1 (1998-06)124.2.3.2Regulatory markingsThe equipment shall be marked where applicable in accordance with CEPT/ERC Recommendation TR 01-06 [6].Where this is not applicable the equipment shall be marked in accordance with the national regulatory standards.4.3Declarations by the applicantWhen submitting equipment for type testing, the applicant shall supply the necessary information according to theappropriate application form for the present document.4.4Auxiliary test equipmentAll necessary test signal sources and setting up information shall accompany the equipment when it is submitted for typetesting.4.5Interpretation of the measurement resultsThe interpretation of the results recorded on the appropriate test report form for the measurements described in thepresent document shall be as follows:-the measured value related to the corresponding limit shall be used to decide whether an equipment meets therequirements of the present document;-the measurement uncertainty value for the measurement of each parameter shall be recorded in the test report;-the recorded value of the measurement uncertainty shall be, for each measurement, equal to or lower than thefigures of measurement uncertainty given in clause 8.5Test conditions, power sources and ambienttemperatures5.1Normal and extreme test conditionsType testing shall be made under normal test conditions, and also where stated, under extreme test conditions.The test conditions and procedures shall be as specified in subclauses 5.3 and 5.4.5.2External test power sourceDuring type tests the power source of the equipment shall be replaced by an external test power source, capable ofproducing normal and extreme test voltages as specified in subclauses 5.3.2 and 5.4.2. The internal impedance of theexternal test power source shall be low enough for its effect on the test results to be negligible.For battery operated equipment the battery shall be removed and the external test power source shall be suitably de-coupled and applied as close to the equipment battery terminals as practicable. For radiated measurements any externalpower leads should be so arranged so as not to affect the measurements. If necessary, the external test power source maybe replaced with the supplied or recommended internal batteries at the required voltage, or a battery simulator. Thisshall be stated on the test report. For radiated measurements on portable equipment with an integral antenna, fullycharged internal batteries should be used. The batteries used should be as supplied or recommended by the applicant.If the equipment is powered from an external source, the test voltage shall be measured at the point of connection of thepower cable to the equipment.SIST EN 301 091 V1.1.1:2003

ETSIEN 301 091 V1.1.1 (1998-06)13During tests the external test power source voltages shall be within a tolerance of ± 1 % relative to the voltage at thebeginning of each test. The value of this tolerance can be critical for certain measurements. Using a smaller toleranceprovides a better uncertainty value for these measurements.If internal batteries are used, at the end of each test the voltage shall be within a tolerance of ± 5 % relative to thevoltage at the beginning of each test.5.3Normal test conditions5.3.1Normal temperature and humidityThe normal temperature and humidity conditions for tests shall be any convenient combination of ambient temperatureand humidity within the following ranges:Temperature:+15 °Cto+35 °C;Relative Humidity:20 % to 75 %.When it is impracticable to carry out tests under these conditions, a note to this effect, stating the ambient temperatureand relative humidity during the tests, shall be added to the test report.5.3.2Normal test power source5.3.2.1Mains voltageFor the purpose of the present document, the nominal ac mains voltage shall be the declared voltage, or any of thedeclared voltages, for which the equipment was designed.For test power sources derived from the ac mains, then the frequency of the ac mains shall be declared, and shall bemaintained to within ± 2 %. This applies for each declared voltage.5.3.2.2Regulated lead-acid battery power sourcesWhen the radio equipment is intended for operation from the usual types of lead-acid battery regulated power source,the normal test voltage shall be the nominal voltage of the battery multiplied by 1,1 (e.g. 6 V ´ 1,1; 12 V ´ 1,1; etc.).The nominal battery voltage for a passenger vehicle is 13,5 V. For a goods vehicle it is 27 V.5.3.2.3Other power sourcesFor operation from other power sources or types of battery (primary or secondary), the normal test voltage andfrequency for which the equipment was designed shall be that declared by the applicant and shall be stated in the testreport.5.4Extreme test conditions5.4.1Extreme temperatures5.4.1.1Procedure for tests at extreme temperatureBefore measurements are made, the equipment shall have reached thermal balance with the selected ambient testtemperature, in the test chamber.The equipment shall be switched off during the temperature stabilizing period.SIST EN 301 091 V1.1.1:2003

ETSIEN 301 091 V1.1.1 (1998-06)14If the thermal balance is not checked by measurement, a temperature stabilizing period of at least one hour, or suchperiod as may be proposed by either the manufacturer or the accredited test laboratory, and agreed by the accredited testlaboratory, shall be allowed. The sequence of measurements shall be chosen and the humidity content in the testchamber shall be controlled so that condensation does not occur.For tests at the upper extreme temperature, the equipment shall be placed in the test chamber and left until thermalbalance is attained. The equipment shall then be switched on in the normal operating condition for a period of half anhour after which the equipment shall meet the specified requirements.For tests at the lower extreme temperature the equipment shall be left in the test chamber until thermal balance isattained, then switched on in the normal operating condition for a period of one minute after which the equipment shallmeet the specified requirements.In the case of equipment containing temperature stabilization circuits designed to operate continuously, the temperaturestabilization circuits shall be switched on for 15 minutes after thermal balance has been obtained, and the equipmentshall then meet the specified requirements.5.4.1.2Extreme temperature rangesFor tests at extreme temperature, measurements shall be made in accordance with the procedures specified insubclause 5 4.1.1, at the lower and upper temperature limits of:Temperature- 20 °Cto+55 °C.5.4.2Extreme test power source5.4.2.1Mains voltageThe extreme test voltages for equipment to be connected to an ac mains source shall be the nominal mains voltage± 10 %.The mains source frequency shall be the nominal frequency ± 2 %.5.4.2.2Lead-acid battery, regulated power sourcesWhen the radio equipment is intended for operation from the usual type of regulated lead-acid battery power sources theextreme test voltages shall be the nominal voltage of the battery multiplied by 1,3 and 0,9 (e.g. 6 V ´ 1,3; 6 V ´ 0,9;12 V ´ 1,3; 12 V ´ 0,9 etc.).For float charge applications using "gel-cell" type batteries the extreme test voltages shall be the nominal voltage of thedeclared battery voltage multiplied by 1,15 and 0,85.5.4.2.3Power sources using other types of batteriesThe lower extreme test voltages for equipment with power sources using batteries shall be as follows:-for equipment with a battery indicator, the end point voltage as indicated;-for equipment without a battery indicator the following end point voltage shall be used:-for the Leclanché or the lithium type of battery:-the nominal voltage of the battery multiplied by 0,85;-for the nickel-cadmium type of battery:-the nominal voltage of the battery multiplied by 0,9;-for other types of battery the lower extreme test voltage for the discharged condition shall be declared by theequipment applicant.No upper extreme test voltages apply.SIST EN 301 091 V1.1.1:2003

ETSIEN 301 091 V1.1.1 (1998-06)155.4.2.4Other power sourcesFor equipment using other power sources or capable of being operated from a variety of power sources, the extreme testvoltages shall be those agreed between the equipment applicant and the accredited test laboratory, and shall be recordedin the test report.6General conditionsDetailed descriptions of the radiated measurement arrangements are included in annexes A and B. In general,measurements should be carried out under far field conditions, however measurements in the 76 GHz to 77 GHz bandmay be carried out in the near field e.g. by using the test fixture as described in subclause 6.1 and shown in figure 1.Absolute power measurements shall be made using an appropriate method to ensure that the wavefront is properlyformed (i.e. operating in far field conditions). This prohibits the use of the test fixture, shown in figure 1.For different frequency bands, different test sites, test antennas and standard positions are suitable and/or may be used.Each test site shall meet the appropriate requirements as defined in published guidelines/standards (e.g. for OATS therequirements are defined in CISPR 16-1 [2].6.1Test fixtureThe test fixture enables the EUT to be physically supported, together with a waveguide horn antenna (which is used tocouple/sample the transmitted energy), in a fixed physical relationship. The test fixture should be designed for use in ananechoic environment and allows certain measurements to be performed in the near field. Only relative or comparativemeasurements may be performed, and only those at the frequencies in the 76 GHz to 77 GHz band over which the testfixture has been calibrated.At set-up, the EUT shall be aligned in the test fixture so that the maximum power is detected at the coupled output (seealso subclauses 7.2.2 and 7.3.2). Orientation of the horn will take into account the polarization of the EUT.In addition, the test fixture shall provide a connection to an external power supply.The test fixture shall be provided by the manufacturer together with a full description, which should meet with
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