SIST EN 302 288-1 V1.6.1:2012
(Main)Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM) - Short Range Devices - Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT) - Short range radar equipment operating in the 24 GHz range - Part 1: Technical requirements and methods of measurement
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM) - Short Range Devices - Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT) - Short range radar equipment operating in the 24 GHz range - Part 1: Technical requirements and methods of measurement
The present document specifies the technical requirements and methods of measurement for Short Range Devices (SRD) working as UWBdevices with at least 500 MHz bandwidth in the 22,000 GHz to 26,65 GHz frequency range intended for Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT) applications, such as automotive 24 GHz Short Range Radar (SRR) for e.g. obstacle detection, stop and go, blind spot detection, parking aid, back up aid, precrash and other automotive applications.
The present document covers transmitters intended to operate in a temporary frequency designation under the 24 GHz ECC decision CEPT/ECC/DEC/(04)10 [i.7], the EU Commission decision on 24 GHz SRR 2005/50/EC [i.1] and the amendment as presented in RSCOM11-07 21 [i.8].
The operating frequency range for intentional UWB emissions with at least 500 MHz bandwidth in the 22,000 GHz to 26,65 GHz range until 30th June 2013 as given in annex D and from 24,25 GHz to 26,65 GHz until 1st January 2018 as given in annex E. However, the date of 1 January 2018 will be extended by 4 years for automotive short-range radar equipment mounted on motor vehicles for which a type approval application has been submitted pursuant to Article 6(6) of Directive 2007/46/EC [6] and has been granted before 1 January 2018.
The present document applies to:
a) Transmitters in the range from 22,000 GHz to 26,65 GHz operating as UWB devices over the specific bandwidth defined for the individual devices.
b) Receivers operating in the range from 22,000 GHz to 26,65 GHz.
c) Integrated transceivers.
The present document contains the technical characteristics and test methods for short range radar equipment fitted with integral antennas.
The present document does not necessarily include all the characteristics which may be required by a user, nor does it necessarily represent the optimum performance achievable.
The present document covers short range radar mobile applications. The present document covers only SRR equipment for road vehicles.
The present document complies with field limits for human exposure to electromagnetic fields as provided by the EC Recommendation 1999/519/EC [i.2] and the methods for compliance demonstration in EN 50371 [i.3].
Elektromagnetna združljivost in zadeve v zvezi z radijskim spektrom (ERM) - Naprave kratkega dosega - Cestna transportna in prometna telematika (RTTT) - Oprema za radar kratkega dosega, ki deluje v frekvenčnem območju 24 GHz - 1. del: Tehnične zahteve in merilne metode
Ta dokument določa tehnične zahteve in merilne metode za naprave kratkega dosega (SRD), ki delujejo kot ultra širokopasovne naprave s pasovno širino vsaj 500 MHz v frekvenčnem območju od 22,000 GHz do 26,65 GHz, ki je namenjen napravam za cestno transportno in prometno telematiko (RTTT), kot je avtomobilski radar kratkega dosega (SRR) s frekvenco 24 GHz, na primer za zaznavanje ovir, zagotavljanje funkcije »ustavi in spelji«, zaznavanje mrtvih točk, pomoč pri parkiranju, podporo, opozarjanje na nesreče in druge avtomobilske naprave.
Ta dokument zajema oddajnike, ki so namenjeni delovanju pri začasno določeni frekvenci 24 GHz v skladu s sklepom Odbora za elektronske komunikacije CEPT/ECC/DEC/(04)10 [i.7], Odločbo Komisije 2005/50/ES [i.1] o uporabi radarjev kratkega dosega 24 GHz in spremembo iz dokumenta RSCOM11-07 21 [i.8].
Frekvenčno območje delovanja za namerne emisije UWB s pasovno širino vsaj 500 MHz v območju od 22,000 GHz do 26,65 GHz se uporablja do 30. junija 2013, kot je navedeno v dodatku D, v območju od 24,25 GHz do 26,65 GHz pa do 1. januarja 2018, kot je navedeno v dodatku E. Vendar bo datum 1. januar 2018, ki velja za avtomobilsko radarsko opremo kratkega dosega, nameščeno na motorna vozila, za katera je bila vloga za homologacijo vložena v skladu s členom 6(6) Direktive 2007/46/ES [6], pri čemer je bila vloga odobrena pred 1. januarjem 2018, podaljšan za 4 leta.
Ta dokument se uporablja za:
a) Oddajnike v območju od 22,000 GHz do 26,65 GHz, ki delujejo kot ultra širokopasovne naprave v določeni pasovni širini, opredeljeni za posamezne naprave.
b) Sprejemnike, ki delujejo v območju od 22,000 GHz do 26,65 GHz.
c) Integrirane oddajnike in sprejemnike.
Ta dokument vsebuje tehnične karakteristike in preskusne metode za radarsko opremo kratkega dosega, opremljeno z vgrajenimi antenami.
Ta dokument ne vključuje nujno vseh karakteristik, ki bi jih lahko potreboval uporabnik, in ne predstavlja nujno najboljšega mogočega delovanja.
Ta dokument zajema mobilne aplikacije za radar kratkega dosega. Ta dokument zajema le radarsko opremo kratkega dosega za cestna vozila.
Ta dokument je skladen s terenskimi omejitvami izpostavljenosti elektromagnetnim poljem, kot je določeno v priporočilu Sveta 1999/519/ES [i.2], in z metodami za dokazovanje skladnosti iz standarda EN 50371 [i.3].
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
Draft ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.5.1 (2011-05)
European Standard
Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices;
Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT);
Short range radar equipment operating in the 24 GHz range;
Part 1: Technical requirements and
methods of measurement
2 Draft ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.5.1 (2011-05)
Reference
REN/ERM-TGSRR-056-1
Keywords
radar, radio, RTTT, SRD, testing
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3 Draft ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.5.1 (2011-05)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 6
Foreword . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 References . 7
2.1 Normative references . 7
2.2 Informative references . 8
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 8
3.1 Definitions . 8
3.2 Symbols . 10
3.3 Abbreviations . 10
4 Technical requirements specifications . 11
4.1 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes . 11
4.1.1 Choice of model for testing . 12
4.2 Mechanical and electrical design . 12
4.3 Auxiliary test equipment . 12
4.4 Interpretation of the measurement results . 12
5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures . 12
5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions . 12
5.2 External test power source. 12
5.3 Normal test conditions . 13
5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity . 13
5.3.2 Normal test power source . 13
5.3.2.1 Mains voltage . 13
5.3.2.2 Other power sources . 13
5.4 Extreme test conditions . 13
5.4.1 Extreme temperatures . 13
5.4.1.1 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures . 13
5.4.1.2 Extreme temperature ranges . 13
5.4.2 Extreme test source voltages . 14
5.4.2.1 Mains voltage . 14
5.4.2.2 Other power sources . 14
6 General conditions . 14
6.1 Test fixture . 14
6.1.1 Requirements . 14
6.1.2 Calibration . 15
6.1.3 General requirements for RF cables. 16
6.1.4 Shielded anechoic chamber. 17
7 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitter parameters . 18
7.1 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitters in the 22,000 GHz to 26,65 GHz band . 18
7.1.1 Permitted range of operating frequencies . 18
7.1.1.1 Definition . 18
7.1.1.2 Method of measurement . 18
7.1.1.3 Limits . 19
7.1.2 Maximum radiated average power density (e.i.r.p.) . 19
7.1.2.1 Definition . 19
7.1.2.2 Method of measurement . 19
7.1.2.3 Limits . 21
7.1.3 Maximum radiated peak power density (e.i.r.p.) . 21
7.1.3.1 Definition . 21
7.1.3.2 Method of measurement . 22
7.1.3.3 Standard procedure and setup extensions . 22
7.1.3.4 Limits . 23
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4 Draft ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.5.1 (2011-05)
7.1.4 Methods of measurement and limits for emissions in the 24,05 GHz to 24,25 GHz band . 23
7.1.4.1 Equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.) . 23
7.1.4.1.1 Definition. 23
7.1.4.1.2 Method of measurement . 24
7.1.4.1.3 Limits . 25
7.1.4.2 Permitted range of operating frequencies . 25
7.1.4.2.1 Definition. 25
7.1.4.2.2 Method of measurement for equipment not using FH modulation . 26
7.1.4.2.3 Method of measurement for equipment using pulsed FH modulation . 26
7.1.4.2.4 Limit . 27
7.1.5 Vertical plane transmitter emissions in the 23,6 GHz to 24 GHz range . 27
7.1.5.1 Definition . 27
7.1.5.2 Measurement procedure . 27
7.1.5.3 Vertical emission limits in the 23,6 GHz to 24,0 GHz range . 28
7.2 Radiated spurious and out-of-band emissions . 28
7.2.1 Definition . 28
7.2.2 Measuring receiver . 28
7.2.3 Method of measurement for radiated spurious or out-of-band emissions . 28
7.2.4 Limits . 29
8 Methods of measurement and limits for receiver parameters . 29
8.1 Receiver spurious emissions. 29
8.1.1 Definition . 29
8.1.2 Method of measurement - radiated spurious emissions . 30
8.1.3 Limit . 30
9 Measurement uncertainty . 30
Annex A (normative): Radiated measurements . 32
A.1 Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields . 32
A.2 Guidance on the use of radiation test sites . 32
A.2.1 Substitution antenna . 32
A.3 Indoor test site using a fully anechoic RF chamber . 32
A.3.1 Example of the construction of a shielded anechoic chamber . 32
A.3.2 Influence of parasitic reflections in anechoic chambers . 34
A.3.3 Calibration of the shielded RF anechoic chamber . 34
Annex B (normative): General description of measurement methods . 35
B.1 Radiated measurements . 35
B.2 Performance requirements for preamplifier and horn antenna . 36
B.3 Measurement of the residual carrier . 36
Annex C (informative): Example of modulation schemes. 37
C.1 Pseudo Noise Pulse Position Modulation (PN PPM) . 37
C.1.1 Definition . 37
C.1.2 Typical operation parameters . 38
C.2 Pulsed FH (Pulsed Frequency Hopping) . 38
C.2.1 Definition . 38
C.2.2 Typical operation parameters . 39
C.2.3 Additional requirements for pulsed FH equipment measurement . 39
C.2.3.1 Pulsed FH modulation . 39
C.2.3.2 Measurement requirements . 39
C.3 PN-2-PSK (Pseudo noise binary coded phase shift keying). 40
C.3.1 Definition . 40
C.3.2 Typical operation parameters . 41
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5 Draft ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.5.1 (2011-05)
Annex D (normative): Installation requirements of 24 GHz Short Range Radar (SRR)
systems . 42
Annex E (informative): Conversion of power density to e.i.r.p. 43
E.1 Assumptions . 43
E.2 Example . 43
Annex F (informative): Bibliography . 44
History . 45
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6 Draft ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.5.1 (2011-05)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This draft European Standard (EN) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM), and is now submitted for the Public Enquiry phase of the ETSI standards Two-step
Approval Procedure.
For non EU countries the present document may be used for regulatory (Type Approval) purposes.
Equipment compliant with the present document is intended for fitment into road vehicles, therefore it is subject to
automotive EMC type approval and has to comply with Directive 95/54/EC [4]. For use on vehicles outside the scope of
Directive 95/54/EC [4] compliance with an EMC directive/standard appropriate for that use is required.
The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum
Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices, Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT); Short range radar equipment
operating in the 24 GHz range, as identified below:
Part 1: "Technical requirements and methods of measurement";
Part 2: "Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".
Proposed national transposition dates
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 3 months after ETSI publication
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 6 months after doa
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 6 months after doa
ETSI
7 Draft ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.5.1 (2011-05)
1 Scope
The present document specifies the technical requirements and methods of measurement for Short Range Devices
(SRD) working as broadband devices with at least 500 MHz bandwidth in the 22,000 GHz to 26,65 GHz frequency
range intended for Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT) applications, such as automotive 24 GHz
Short Range Radar (SRR) for e.g. obstacle detection, stop and go, blind spot detection, parking aid, backup aid,
precrash and other automotive applications.
The present document covers transmitters intended to operate in a temporary frequency designation under the 24 GHz
ECC decision CEPT/ECC/DEC/(04)10 [i.7], the EU Commission decision on 24 GHz SRR 2005/50/EC [i.1] and the
amendment as presented in RSCOM11-07 [i.8].
The operating frequency range for intentional UWB emissions shall be from 22,000 GHz to 26,65 GHz until
30th June 2013 and from 24,25 GHz to 26,65 GHz until 1st January 2022.
The present document applies to:
a) Transmitters in the range from 22,000 GHz to 26,65 GHz operating as broadband devices over the specific
bandwidth defined for the individual devices.
b) Receivers operating in the range from 22,000 GHz to 26,65 GHz.
c) Integrated transceivers.
The present document contains the technical characteristics and test methods for short range radar equipment fitted with
integral antennas.
The present document does not necessarily include all the characteristics which may be required by a user, nor does it
necessarily represent the optimum performance achievable.
The present document covers short range radar mobile applications. The present document covers only SRR equipment
for road vehicles.
The present document complies with field limits for human exposure to electromagnetic fields as provided by the
EC Recommendation 1999/519/EC [i.2] and the methods for compliance demonstration in EN 50371 [i.3].
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
reference document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] CISPR 16 (parts 1-1, 1-4 and 1-5): "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring
apparatus and methods; Part 1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus".
[2] CEPT/ERC/REC 01-06: "Procedure for mutual recognition of type testing and type approval for
radio equipment".
[3] ETSI TR 100 028 (V1.4.1) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics".
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8 Draft ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.5.1 (2011-05)
[4] Commission Directive 95/54/EC of 31 October 1995 adapting to technical progress Council
Directive 72/245/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the
suppression of radio interference produced by spark-ignition engines fitted to motor vehicles and
amending Directive 70/156/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating
to the type-approval of motor vehicles and their trailers.
[5] ETSI EN 302 288-2 (V1.2.2): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices; Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT); Short range radar
equipment operating in the 24 GHz range; Part 2: Harmonized EN covering the essential
requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] Commission Decision 2005/50/EC of 17 January 2005 on the harmonization of the 24 GHz range
radio spectrum band for the time-limited use by automotive short-range radar equipment in the
Community.
[i.2] Council Recommendation 1999/519/EC of 12 July 1999 on the limitation of exposure of the
general public to electromagnetic fields (0 Hz to 300 GHz).
[i.3] CENELEC EN 50371 (2002): "Generic standard to demonstrate the compliance of low power
electronic and electrical apparatus with the basic restrictions related to human exposure to
electromagnetic fields (10 MHz - 300 GHz) - General public".
[i.4] ETSI TR 102 273-2 (V1.2.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the
corresponding measurement uncertainties; Part 2: Anechoic chamber".
[i.5] CEPT/ERC/REC 70-03: "Relating to the use of Short Range Devices (SRD)".
[i.6] CEPT/ERC/REC 74-01: "Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain".
[i.7] CEPT/ECC/DEC/(04)10: "ECC Decision of 12 November 2004 on the frequency bands to be
designated for the temporary introduction of Automotive Short Range Radars (SRR)".
(Amended 2005).
[i.8] RSCOM11-07, Amending Decision 2005/50/EC on the harmonisation of the 24 GHz range radio
spectrum band for the time-limited use by automotive short-range radar equipment in the
Community.
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
activity factor: actual on-the-air time divided by active session time or actual on-the-air emission time within a given
time window
antenna scan duty factor: ratio of the area of the beam (measured at its -3 dB point) to the total area scanned by the
antenna (as measured at its -3 dB point)
assigned frequency band: frequency band within which the device is authorized to operate
associated antenna: antenna and all its associated components which are designed as an indispensable part of the
equipment
average time: time interval on which a mean measurement is integrated
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9 Draft ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.5.1 (2011-05)
blanking period: time period where either no waveform or a constant waveform within the 24 GHz SRD band occurs
boresight: axis of the main beam in a directional antenna
channel dwell duty cycle: ratio of the time of uninterrupted continuous transmission within a given frequency channel
to the channel repetition interval
NOTE: Channel dwell time/channel repetition interval.
channel dwell time: accumulated amount of transmission time of uninterrupted continuous transmission within a single
given frequency channel and within one channel repetition interval
duty cycle: ratio of the total on time of the "message" to the total off time in any one hour period
NOTE: The device may be triggered either automatically or manually, whether the duty cycle is fixed or random
depends on how the device is triggered.
Equipment Under Test (EUT): radar sensor including the integrated antenna together with any external antenna
components which affect or influence its performance
equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.): total power or power density transmitted, assuming an isotropic
radiator
NOTE: e.i.r.p. is conventionally the product of "power or power density into the antenna" and "antenna gain".
e.i.r.p. is used for both peak or average power and peak or average power density.
equivalent pulse power duration: duration of an ideal rectangular pulse which has the same content of energy
compared with the pulse shape of the EUT with pulsed modulation or on-off gating
far field measurement: measurement at a distance "X" of at least 2d /λ , where d is the largest dimension of the
antenna aperture of the EUT
maximum safe level for radiated power density: level which can be transmitted in accordance with the current
recommended safety levels in Council Recommendation 1999/519/EC [i.2]
on-off gating: methods of transmission with fixed or randomly quiescent period that is much larger than the PRF
operating frequency (operating centre frequency): nominal frequency at which equipment is operated
NOTE: Equipment may be able to operate at more than one operating frequency.
operating frequency range: range of operating frequencies over which the equipment can be adjusted through
switching or reprogramming or oscillator tuning
NOTE 1: For pulsed or phase shifting systems without further carrier tuning the operating frequency range is fixed
on a single carrier line.
NOTE 2: For analogue or discrete frequency modulated systems (FSK, FMCW) the operating frequency range
covers the difference between minimum and maximum of all carrier frequencies on which the equipment
can be adjusted.
power envelope: power supplied to the antenna by a transmitter during one radio frequency cycle at the crest of the
modulation envelope taken under normal operating conditions
Power Spectral Density (PSD): ratio of the amount of power to the used radio measurement bandwidth
NOTE: It is expressed in units of dBm/Hz or as a power in unit dBm with respect to the used bandwidth. In case
of measurement with a spectrum analyser the measurement bandwidth is equal to the RBW.
precrash: time before the crash occurs when safety mechanism are deployed
Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF): inverse of the Pulse Repetition Interval, averaged over a time sufficiently long as
to cover all PRI variations
Pulse Repetition Interval (PRI): time between the rising edges of the transmitted (pulsed) output power
quiescent period: time instant where no intentional emission occurs
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10 Draft ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.5.1 (2011-05)
radome: external protective cover which is independent of the associated antenna, and which may contribute to the
overall performance of the antenna (and hence, the EUT)
spatial radiated power density: power per unit area normal to the direction of the electromagnetic wave propagation
NOTE: Spatial radiated power density is expressed in units of W/m .
spread spectrum: telecommunications techniques in which a signal is transmitted in a bandwidth considerably greater
than the frequency content of the original information
ultra wideband: classification of the spectral width of a transmission system
ultra-wideband bandwidth: equipment using ultra-wideband technology means equipment incorporating, as an
integral part or as an accessory, technology for short-range radiocommunication, involving the intentional generation
and transmission of radio-frequency energy that spreads over a frequency range wider than 50 MHz
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
λ Wavelength
ac alternating current
B Bandwidth
B Frequency hopping bandwidth
FH
d largest dimension of the antenna aperture
D distance of ferrite beads
fb
E Field strength
E Reference field strength
o
f Carrier frequency
c
f Hopping frequency
hop
f highest frequency
h
f lowest frequency
l
G Antenna gain
a
P Radiated power
rad
P Radiated peak power measured in 3 MHz bandwidth
PK 3 MHz
P Signal generator power
s
R Distance
R Reference distance
o
Rx Receiver
τ Pulse width
T Blank time period
blk
T Chip period
c
T Dwell time
dw
T Frame time
fr
T Pulse power duration
pw
Tx Transmitter
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying
CW Continuous Wave
dB decibel
dBi gain in decibels relative to an isotropic antenna
DSB Dual Side Band
DSS Direct Sequence Signal
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11 Draft ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.5.1 (2011-05)
e.i.r.p. equivalent isotropically radiated power
ECC Electronic Communications Committee
EMC Electro Magnetic Compatibility
ERC European Radiocommunication Committee
EUT Equipment Under Test
FH Frequency Hopping
FHSS Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum
FMCW Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave
FSK Frequency Shift Keying
IF Intermediate Frequency
LNA Low Noise Amplifier
PDCF Pulse Desensitization Correction Factor
PM Pulse Modulation
PN Pseudo Noise
PPM Pulse Position Modulation (staggered)
PRF Pulse Repetition Frequency
PRI Pulse Repetition Interval
PSK Phase Shift Keying
R&TTE Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment
r.m.s. root mean square
RAS Radio Astronomy Site
RBW Resolution BandWidth
RF Radio Frequency
RMS Root Mean Square
RTTT Road Transport and Traffic Telematics
Rx Receiver (Receive)
SA Spectrum Analyser
SNR Signal to Noise Ratio
SPM Staggered Pulse Position Modulated
SRD Short Range Device
SRR Short Range Radar
Tx Transmitter
UWB UltraWide Band
VBW Video BandWidth
VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
4 Technical requirements specifications
4.1 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes
Each equipment submitted for testing, where applicable, shall fulfil the requirements of the present document on all
frequencies over which it is intended to operate. EMC type approval testing to Directive 95/54/EC [4] shall be done on
the vehicle.
The provider shall provide one or more samples of the equipment, as appropriate for testing.
Additionally, technical documentation and operating manuals, sufficient to allow testing to be performed, shall be
supplied.
The performance of the equipment submitted for testing shall be representative of the performance of the corresponding
production model. In order to avoid any ambiguity in that assessment, the present document contains instructions for the
presentation of equipment for testing purposes, conditions of testing (clause 5) and the measurement methods (clauses 7
and 8). Instructions for installation of the equipment in a road vehicle are provided in annex D.
Stand alone equipment submitted for testing shall be offered by the provider complete with any ancillary equipment
needed for testing. The provider shall declare the frequency range(s), the range of operation conditions and power
requirements, as applicable, in order to establish the appropriate test conditions.
The EUT will comprise the sensor, antenna and radome if needed and will be tested as a standalone assembly. The
EUTs test fixtures may be supplied by the provider to facilitate the tests (clause 6.1).
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12 Draft ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.5.1 (2011-05)
These clauses are intended to give confidence that the requirements set out in the present document have been met
without the necessity of performing measurements on all frequencies.
4.1.1 Choice of model for testing
If an equipment has several optional features, considered not to affect the RF parameters then the tests need only to be
performed on the equipment configured with that combination of features considered to be the most complex, as
proposed by the provider and agreed by the test laboratory.
4.2 Mechanical and electrical design
The equipment submitted by the provider shall be designed, constructed and manufactured in accordance with good
engineering practice and with the aim of minimizing harmful interference to other equipment and services.
Transmitters and receivers may be individual or combination units.
4.3 Auxiliary test equipment
All necessary test signal sources and set-up information shall accompany the equipment when it is submitted for testing.
4.4 Interpretation of the measurement results
The interpretation of the results recorded on the appropriate test report for the measurements described in the present
document shall be as follows:
• the measured value relating to the corresponding limit shall be used to decide whether an equipment meets the
requirements of the present document;
• the measurement uncertainty value for the measurement of each parameter shall be included in the test report;
• the recorded value of the measurement uncertainty shall, for each measurement, be equal to, or lower than, the
figures in the table of measurement uncertainty (table 7).
5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient
temperatures
5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions
Testing shall be carried out under normal test conditions, and also, where stated, under extreme test conditions.
The test conditions and procedures shall be as specified in clauses 5.2 to 5.4.
5.2 External test power source
During tests the power source of the equipment shall be an external test power source, capable of producing normal and
extreme test voltages as specified in clauses 5.3.2 and 5.4.2. The internal impedance of the external test power source
shall be low enough for its effect on the test results to be negligible.
The test voltage shall be measured at the point of connection of the power cable to the equipment.
During tests the external test power source voltages shall be within a tolerance of ±1 % relative to the voltage at the
beginning of each test. The level of this tolerance can be critical for certain measurements. Using a smaller tolerance
provides a reduced uncertainty level for these measurements.
ETSI
13 Draft ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.5.1 (2011-05)
5.3 Normal test conditions
5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity
The normal temperature and humidity conditions for tests shall be any convenient combination of temperature and
humidity within the following ranges:
• temperature: +15 °C to +35 °C;
• relative humidity: 20 % to 75 %.
When it is impracticable to carry out tests under these conditions, a note to this effect, stating the ambient temperature
and relative humidity during the tests, shall be added to the test report.
5.3.2 Normal test power source
The internal impedance of the test power source shall be low enough for its effect on the test results to be negligible.
For the purpose of the tests, the voltage of the external test power source shall be measured at the input terminals of the
equipment.
5.3.2.1 Mains voltage
The normal test voltage for equipment shall be the nominal mains voltage. For the purpose of the present document, the
nominal voltage shall be the declared voltage, or any of the declared voltages, for which the equipment was designed.
The frequency of the test power source corresponding to the ac mains shall be between 49 Hz and 51 Hz.
5.3.2.2 Other power sources
For operation from other power sources the normal test voltage shall be that declared by the provider. Such values shall
be stated in the test report.
5.4 Extreme test conditions
5.4.1 Extreme temperatures
5.4.1.1 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures
Before measurements are made, the equipment shall have reached thermal balance in the test chamber. The equipment
shall not be switched off during the temperature stabilizing period.
If the thermal balance is not checked by measurements, a temperature stabilizing period of at least one hour, or such
period as may be decided by the accredited test laboratory, shall be allowed. The sequence of measurements shall be
chosen, and the humidity content in the test chamber shall be controlled so that excessive condensation does not occur.
5.4.1.2 Extreme temperature ranges
For tests at extreme temperatures, measurements shall be made in accordance with the procedures specified in
clause 5.4.1.1, at the upper and lower temperatures of one of the following limits:
• Temperature: -20 °C to +55 °C.
ETSI
14 Draft ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.5.1 (2011-05)
5.4.2 Extreme test source voltages
5.4.2.1 Mains voltage
The extreme test voltages for equipment to be connected to an ac mains source shall be the nominal mains
voltage ±10 %.
5.4.2.2 Other power sources
For equipment using other power sources, or capable of being operated from a variety of power sources, the extreme
test voltages shall be that declared by the provider. These shall be recorded in the test report.
6 General conditions
Detailed descriptions of the radiated measurement arrangements are included in annexes A and B. In general,
measurements shall be carried out under far field conditions. The far field condition for the EUTs is considered to be
fulfilled in a minimum radial distance "X" that shall be a minimum of 2d /λ , where d is the largest dimension of the
antenna aperture of the EUT, for a single device measurement.
Absolute power measurements shall be made using an appropriate method to ensure that the wave front is properly
formed (i.e. operating in far field conditions). The test site shall meet the appropriate requirements as defined in
published guidelines/standards.
6.1 Test fixture
6.1.1 Requirements
The test fixture for radio equipment operating in the 24 GHz range shall enable the EUT to be physically supported,
together with a wave guide horn antenna Rx which is used to measure the transmitted energy, in a fixed physical
relationship to the EUT or calibration antenna Tx (see figure 1). The test fixture shall be designed for use in an anechoic
environment and allow certain measurements to be performed in the far field, i.e. at a distance greater than 2d /λ ,
where d is the largest dimension of the antenna aperture of the EUT.
The test fixture shall incorporate at least one 50 Ω RF connector, a device for electromagnetic coupling to the EUT and
a means for repeatable positioning of the EUT.
Its compactness shall enable the whole assembly to be accommodated within a test chamber, usually a climatic facility.
The circuitry associated with the RF coupling device shall not contain active or non-linear components.
Only after it has been verified that the test fixture does not affect performance of the EUT, the EUT can be confidently
tested.
At set-up, the EUT shall be aligned in the test fixture so that the maximum power is detected at the coupled output
(see also clause 7.1.2.2). Orientation of the horn antenna will take into account the polarization of the EUT.
In addition, the test fixture shall provide a connection to an external power supply.
The test fixture shall be provided by the provider together with a full description, which shall meet the approval of the
selected accredited test laboratory.
The performance characteristics of the test fixture shall be measured and shall be approved by the accredited test
laboratory. It shall conform to the following basic parameters:
• the gain of the waveguide horn shall not exceed 20 dB;
• the physical distance between the front face of the EUT and the waveguide horn shall be between 50 cm and
1 m;
ETSI
15 Draft ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.5.1 (2011-05)
• the minimum distance between the transmitting and receiving
...
European Standard
Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices;
Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT);
Short range radar equipment operating in the 24 GHz range;
Part 1: Technical requirements and
methods of measurement
2 ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.6.1 (2012-03)
Reference
REN/ERM-TGSRR-056-1
Keywords
radar, radio, RTTT, SRD, testing
ETSI
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ETSI
3 ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.6.1 (2012-03)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 6
Foreword . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 References . 7
2.1 Normative references . 7
2.2 Informative references . 8
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 9
3.1 Definitions . 9
3.2 Symbols . 10
3.3 Abbreviations . 11
4 Technical requirements specifications . 12
4.1 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes . 12
4.1.1 Choice of model for testing . 12
4.2 Mechanical and electrical design . 12
4.3 Auxiliary test equipment . 12
4.4 Interpretation of the measurement results . 12
5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures . 13
5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions . 13
5.2 External test power source. 13
5.3 Normal test conditions . 13
5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity . 13
5.3.2 Normal test power source . 13
5.3.2.1 Mains voltage . 13
5.3.2.2 Other power sources . 13
5.4 Extreme test conditions . 14
5.4.1 Extreme temperatures . 14
5.4.1.1 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures . 14
5.4.1.2 Extreme temperature ranges . 14
5.4.2 Extreme test source voltages . 14
5.4.2.1 Mains voltage . 14
5.4.2.2 Other power sources . 14
6 General conditions . 14
6.1 Test fixture . 14
6.1.1 Requirements . 14
6.1.2 Calibration . 15
6.1.3 General requirements for RF cables. 17
6.1.4 Shielded anechoic chamber. 18
7 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitter parameters . 19
7.1 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitters in the 22,000 GHz to 26,65 GHz band for type A
and B . 19
7.1.1 Permitted range of operating frequencies . 19
7.1.1.1 Definition . 19
7.1.1.2 Method of measurement . 19
7.1.1.3 Limits . 20
7.1.1.3.1 Limits for type A . 20
7.1.1.3.2 Limits for type B . 20
7.1.2 Maximum radiated average power density (e.i.r.p.) . 20
7.1.2.1 Definition . 20
7.1.2.2 Method of measurement . 20
7.1.2.3 Limits for UWB maximum radiated average power density (e.i.r.p.) for type A . 22
7.1.2.4 Limits for UWB maximum radiated average power density (e.i.r.p.) for type B . 22
7.1.3 Maximum radiated peak power density (e.i.r.p.) . 23
ETSI
4 ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.6.1 (2012-03)
7.1.3.1 Definition . 23
7.1.3.2 Method of measurement . 23
7.1.3.3 Standard procedure and setup extensions . 24
7.1.3.4 Limits for UWB maximum radiated peak power density (e.i.r.p.) for type A . 24
7.1.3.5 Limits for UWB maximum radiated peak power density (e.i.r.p.) for type B . 25
7.1.4 Methods of measurement and limits for emissions in the 24,05 GHz to 24,25 GHz band . 26
7.1.4.1 Equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.) . 26
7.1.4.1.1 Definition. 26
7.1.4.1.2 Method of measurement . 26
7.1.4.1.3 Limits . 28
7.1.4.2 Permitted range of operating frequencies . 28
7.1.4.2.1 Definition. 28
7.1.4.2.2 Method of measurement for equipment not using FH modulation . 28
7.1.4.2.3 Method of measurement for equipment using pulsed FH modulation . 29
7.1.4.2.4 Limit . 30
7.1.5 Vertical plane transmitter emissions in the 23,6 GHz to 24 GHz band . 30
7.1.5.1 Definition . 30
7.1.5.2 Measurement procedure . 30
7.1.5.3 Vertical emission limits in the 23,6 GHz to 24,0 GHz band for type A . 30
7.1.5.4 Emission limits for Type B . 30
7.2 Radiated emissions in the non-operating-frequency range . 31
7.2.1 Definition . 31
7.2.2 Measuring receiver . 31
7.2.3 Method of measurement for emissions in the non-operating frequency range . 31
7.2.4 Limits . 32
8 Methods of measurement and limits for receiver parameters . 32
8.1 Receiver spurious emissions. 32
8.1.1 Definition . 32
8.1.2 Method of measurement - radiated spurious emissions . 32
8.1.3 Limit . 33
9 Measurement uncertainty . 33
Annex A (normative): Radiated measurements . 35
A.1 Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields . 35
A.2 Guidance on the use of radiation test sites . 35
A.2.1 Substitution antenna . 35
A.3 Indoor test site using a fully anechoic RF chamber . 35
A.3.1 Example of the construction of a shielded anechoic chamber . 35
A.3.2 Influence of parasitic reflections in anechoic chambers . 37
A.3.3 Calibration of the shielded RF anechoic chamber . 37
Annex B (normative): General description of measurement methods . 38
B.1 Radiated measurements . 38
B.2 Performance requirements for preamplifier and horn antenna . 39
B.3 Measurement of the residual carrier . 39
Annex C (informative): Example of modulation schemes. 40
C.1 Pseudo Noise Pulse Position Modulation (PN PPM) . 40
C.1.1 Definition . 40
C.1.2 Typical operation parameters . 41
C.2 Pulsed FH (Pulsed Frequency Hopping) . 41
C.2.1 Definition . 41
C.2.2 Typical operation parameters . 42
C.2.3 Additional requirements for pulsed FH equipment measurement . 42
C.2.3.1 Pulsed FH modulation . 42
C.2.3.2 Measurement requirements . 42
ETSI
5 ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.6.1 (2012-03)
C.3 PN-2-PSK (Pseudo noise binary coded phase shift keying). 43
C.3.1 Definition . 43
C.3.2 Typical operation parameters . 44
Annex D (normative): General description of Type A: Short range radar equipment
operating in the range from 22,000 GHz to 26,65 GHz . 45
Annex E (normative): General description of Type B: Short range radar equipment
operating in the range from 24,25 GHz to 26,65 GHz . 46
Annex F (informative): Typical antenna elevation pattern for a 26 GHz SRR in the passive
band and the averaged elevation pattern above 30° . 47
Annex G (normative): Installation requirements of 24 GHz Short Range Radar (SRR)
systems . 48
G.1 Installation requirements for type A . 48
G.2 Installation requirements for Type B . 49
Annex H (informative): Conversion of power density to e.i.r.p. 50
H.1 Assumptions . 50
H.2 Example . 50
Annex I (informative): Bibliography . 51
History . 52
ETSI
6 ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.6.1 (2012-03)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://ipr.etsi.org).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This European Standard (EN) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and
Radio spectrum Matters (ERM).
For non EU countries the present document may be used for regulatory (Type Approval) purposes.
Equipment compliant with the present document is intended for fitment into road vehicles, therefore it is subject to
automotive EMC type approval and has to comply with Directive 95/54/EC [4]. For use on vehicles outside the scope of
Directive 95/54/EC [4] compliance with an EMC directive/standard appropriate for that use is required.
The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum
Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices, Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT); Short range radar equipment
operating in the 24 GHz range, as identified below:
Part 1: "Technical requirements and methods of measurement";
Part 2: "Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".
National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 19 March 2012
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 30 June 2012
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 31 December 2012
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 31 December 2012
ETSI
7 ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.6.1 (2012-03)
1 Scope
The present document specifies the technical requirements and methods of measurement for Short Range Devices
(SRD) working as UWBdevices with at least 500 MHz bandwidth in the 22,000 GHz to 26,65 GHz frequency range
intended for Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT) applications, such as automotive 24 GHz Short Range
Radar (SRR) for e.g. obstacle detection, stop and go, blind spot detection, parking aid, backup aid, precrash and other
automotive applications.
The present document covers transmitters intended to operate in a temporary frequency designation under the 24 GHz
ECC decision CEPT/ECC/DEC/(04)10 [i.7], the EU Commission decision on 24 GHz SRR 2005/50/EC [i.1] and the
amendment as presented in RSCOM11-07 21 [i.8].
The operating frequency range for intentional UWB emissions with at least 500 MHz bandwidth in the 22,000 GHz to
th
26,65 GHz range until 30 June 2013 as given in annex D and from 24,25 GHz to 26,65 GHz until 1st January 2018 as
given in annex E. However, the date of 1 January 2018 will be extended by 4 years for automotive short-range radar
equipment mounted on motor vehicles for which a type approval application has been submitted pursuant to Article 6(6)
of Directive 2007/46/EC [6] and has been granted before 1 January 2018.
The present document applies to:
a) Transmitters in the range from 22,000 GHz to 26,65 GHz operating as UWB devices over the specific
bandwidth defined for the individual devices.
b) Receivers operating in the range from 22,000 GHz to 26,65 GHz.
c) Integrated transceivers.
The present document contains the technical characteristics and test methods for short range radar equipment fitted with
integral antennas.
The present document does not necessarily include all the characteristics which may be required by a user, nor does it
necessarily represent the optimum performance achievable.
The present document covers short range radar mobile applications. The present document covers only SRR equipment
for road vehicles.
The present document complies with field limits for human exposure to electromagnetic fields as provided by the
EC Recommendation 1999/519/EC [i.2] and the methods for compliance demonstration in EN 50371 [i.3].
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
reference document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] CISPR 16 (parts 1-1, 1-4 and 1-5): "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring
apparatus and methods; Part 1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus".
[2] CEPT/ERC/REC 01-06: "Procedure for mutual recognition of type testing and type approval for
radio equipment".
ETSI
8 ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.6.1 (2012-03)
[3] ETSI TR 100 028 (V1.4.1) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics".
[4] Commission Directive 95/54/EC of 31 October 1995 adapting to technical progress Council
Directive 72/245/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the
suppression of radio interference produced by spark-ignition engines fitted to motor vehicles and
amending Directive 70/156/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating
to the type-approval of motor vehicles and their trailers.
[5] ETSI EN 302 288-2 (V1.3.2): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices; Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT); Short range radar
equipment operating in the 24 GHz range; Part 2: Harmonized EN covering the essential
requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".
[6] Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 September 2007,
establishing a framework for the approval of motor vehicles and their trailers, and of systems,
components and separate technical units intended for such vehicles.
NOTE: See http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2007:263:0001:0001:EN:PDF.
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] Commission Decision 2005/50/EC of 17 January 2005 on the harmonization of the 24 GHz range
radio spectrum band for the time-limited use by automotive short-range radar equipment in the
Community.
[i.2] Council Recommendation 1999/519/EC of 12 July 1999 on the limitation of exposure of the
general public to electromagnetic fields (0 Hz to 300 GHz).
[i.3] CENELEC EN 50371 (2002): "Generic standard to demonstrate the compliance of low power
electronic and electrical apparatus with the basic restrictions related to human exposure to
electromagnetic fields (10 MHz - 300 GHz) - General public".
[i.4] ETSI TR 102 273-2 (V1.2.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the
corresponding measurement uncertainties; Part 2: Anechoic chamber".
[i.5] CEPT/ERC/REC 70-03: "Relating to the use of Short Range Devices (SRD)".
[i.6] CEPT/ERC/REC 74-01: "Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain".
[i.7] CEPT/ECC/DEC/(04)10: "ECC Decision of 12 November 2004 on the frequency bands to be
designated for the temporary introduction of Automotive Short Range Radars (SRR)", (Amended
2005).
[i.8] RSCOM11-21, Amending Decision 2005/50/EC on the harmonisation of the 24 GHz range radio
spectrum band for the time-limited use by automotive short-range radar equipment in the
Community.
[i.9] ECC Report 158: "The impact of 26 GHz SRR applicatiosn using ultra-wideband (UWB)
technology on radio services".
ETSI
9 ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.6.1 (2012-03)
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
activity factor: actual on-the-air time divided by active session time or actual on-the-air emission time within a given
time window
antenna scan duty factor: ratio of the area of the beam (measured at its -3 dB point) to the total area scanned by the
antenna (as measured at its -3 dB point)
assigned frequency band: frequency band within which the device is authorized to operate
associated antenna: antenna and all its associated components which are designed as an indispensable part of the
equipment
average time: time interval on which a mean measurement is integrated
blanking period: time period where either no waveform or a constant waveform within the 24 GHz SRD band occurs
boresight: axis of the main beam in a directional antenna
channel dwell duty cycle: ratio of the time of uninterrupted continuous transmission within a given frequency channel
to the channel repetition interval
NOTE: Channel dwell time/channel repetition interval.
channel dwell time: accumulated amount of transmission time of uninterrupted continuous transmission within a single
given frequency channel and within one channel repetition interval
duty cycle: ratio of the total on time of the "message" to the total off time in any one hour period
NOTE: The device may be triggered either automatically or manually, whether the duty cycle is fixed or random
depends on how the device is triggered.
Equipment Under Test (EUT): radar sensor including the integrated antenna together with any external antenna
components which affect or influence its performance
equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.): total power or power density transmitted, assuming an isotropic
radiator
NOTE: e.i.r.p. is conventionally the product of "power or power density into the antenna" and "antenna gain".
E.i.r.p. is used for both peak or average power and peak or average power density.
equivalent pulse power duration: duration of an ideal rectangular pulse which has the same content of energy
compared with the pulse shape of the EUT with pulsed modulation or on-off gating
far field measurement: measurement at a distance "X" of at least 2d /λ , where d is the largest dimension of the
antenna aperture of the EUT
maximum safe level for radiated power density: level which can be transmitted in accordance with the current
recommended safety levels in Council Recommendation 1999/519/EC [i.2]
on-off gating: methods of transmission with fixed or randomly quiescent period that is much larger than the PRF
operating frequency (operating centre frequency): nominal frequency at which equipment is operated
NOTE: Equipment may be able to operate at more than one operating frequency.
ETSI
10 ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.6.1 (2012-03)
operating frequency range: range of operating frequencies over which the equipment can be adjusted through
switching or reprogramming or oscillator tuning
NOTE 1: For pulsed or phase shifting systems without further carrier tuning the operating frequency range is fixed
on a single carrier line.
NOTE 2: For analogue or discrete frequency modulated systems (FSK, FMCW) the operating frequency range
covers the difference between minimum and maximum of all carrier frequencies on which the equipment
can be adjusted.
power envelope: power supplied to the antenna by a transmitter during one radio frequency cycle at the crest of the
modulation envelope taken under normal operating conditions
Power Spectral Density (PSD): ratio of the amount of power to the used radio measurement bandwidth
NOTE: It is expressed in units of dBm/Hz or as a power in unit dBm with respect to the used bandwidth. In case
of measurement with a spectrum analyser the measurement bandwidth is equal to the RBW.
precrash: time before the crash occurs when safety mechanism are deployed
Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF): inverse of the Pulse Repetition Interval, averaged over a time sufficiently long as
to cover all PRI variations
Pulse Repetition Interval (PRI): time between the rising edges of the transmitted (pulsed) output power
quiescent period: time instant where no intentional emission occurs
radome: external protective cover which is independent of the associated antenna, and which may contribute to the
overall performance of the antenna (and hence, the EUT)
spatial radiated power density: power per unit area normal to the direction of the electromagnetic wave propagation
NOTE: Spatial radiated power density is expressed in units of W/m .
spread spectrum: telecommunications techniques in which a signal is transmitted in a bandwidth considerably greater
than the frequency content of the original information
ultra wideband: classification of the spectral width of a transmission system
ultra-wideband bandwidth: equipment using ultra-wideband technology means equipment incorporating, as an
integral part or as an accessory, technology for short-range radiocommunication, involving the intentional generation
and transmission of radio-frequency energy that spreads over a frequency range wider than 50 MHz
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
λ wavelength
ac alternating current
B bandwidth
B frequency hopping bandwidth
FH
d largest dimension of the antenna aperture
D distance of ferrite beads
fb
E field strength
E reference field strength
o
f carrier frequency
c
f hopping frequency
hop
f highest frequency
h
f lowest frequency
l
G antenna gain
a
P radiated power
rad
P radiated peak power measured in 3 MHz bandwidth
PK 3 MHz
ETSI
11 ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.6.1 (2012-03)
P signal generator power
s
R distance
R reference distance
o
τ pulse width
T blank time period
blk
T chip period
c
T dwell time
dw
T frame time
fr
T pulse power duration
pw
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying
CW Continuous Wave
dB decibel
dBi gain in decibels relative to an isotropic antenna
DSB Dual Side Band
DSS Direct Sequence Signal
e.i.r.p. equivalent isotropically radiated power
ECC Electronic Communications Committee
EMC Electro Magnetic Compatibility
ERC European Radiocommunication Committee
EUT Equipment Under Test
FH Frequency Hopping
FHSS Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum
FMCW Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave
FSK Frequency Shift Keying
IF Intermediate Frequency
LNA Low Noise Amplifier
PDCF Pulse Desensitization Correction Factor
PM Pulse Modulation
PN Pseudo Noise
PPM Pulse Position Modulation (staggered)
PRF Pulse Repetition Frequency
PRI Pulse Repetition Interval
PSK Phase Shift Keying
R&TTE Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment
r.m.s. root mean square
RAS Radio Astronomy Site
RBW Resolution BandWidth
RF Radio Frequency
RMS Root Mean Square
RTTT Road Transport and Traffic Telematics
Rx Receiver (Receive)
SA Spectrum Analyser
SNR Signal to Noise Ratio
SPM Staggered Pulse Position Modulated
SRD Short Range Device
SRR Short Range Radar
Tx Transmitter
UWB UltraWide Band
VBW Video BandWidth
VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
ETSI
12 ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.6.1 (2012-03)
4 Technical requirements specifications
4.1 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes
Each equipment submitted for testing, where applicable, shall fulfil the requirements of the present document on all
frequencies over which it is intended to operate. EMC type approval testing to Directive 95/54/EC [4] shall be done on
the vehicle.
The provider shall provide one or more samples of the equipment, as appropriate for testing.
Additionally, technical documentation and operating manuals, sufficient to allow testing to be performed, shall be
supplied.
The performance of the equipment submitted for testing shall be representative of the performance of the corresponding
production model. In order to avoid any ambiguity in that assessment, the present document contains instructions for the
presentation of equipment for testing purposes, conditions of testing (clause 5) and the measurement methods (clauses 7
and 8). Instructions for installation of the equipment in a road vehicle are provided in annex D.
Stand alone equipment submitted for testing shall be offered by the provider complete with any ancillary equipment
needed for testing. The provider shall declare the frequency range(s), the range of operation conditions and power
requirements, as applicable, in order to establish the appropriate test conditions.
The EUT will comprise the sensor, antenna and radome if needed and will be tested as a standalone assembly. The
EUTs test fixtures may be supplied by the provider to facilitate the tests (clause 6.1).
These clauses are intended to give confidence that the requirements set out in the present document have been met
without the necessity of performing measurements on all frequencies.
4.1.1 Choice of model for testing
If an equipment has several optional features, considered not to affect the RF parameters then the tests need only to be
performed on the equipment configured with that combination of features considered to be the most complex, as
proposed by the provider and agreed by the test laboratory.
4.2 Mechanical and electrical design
The equipment submitted by the provider shall be designed, constructed and manufactured in accordance with good
engineering practice and with the aim of minimizing harmful interference to other equipment and services.
Transmitters and receivers may be individual or combination units.
4.3 Auxiliary test equipment
All necessary test signal sources and set-up information shall accompany the equipment when it is submitted for testing.
4.4 Interpretation of the measurement results
The interpretation of the results recorded on the appropriate test report for the measurements described in the present
document shall be as follows:
• the measured value relating to the corresponding limit shall be used to decide whether an equipment meets the
requirements of the present document;
• the measurement uncertainty value for the measurement of each parameter shall be included in the test report;
• the recorded value of the measurement uncertainty shall, for each measurement, be equal to, or lower than, the
figures in the table of measurement uncertainty (table 9).
ETSI
13 ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.6.1 (2012-03)
5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient
temperatures
5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions
Testing shall be carried out under normal test conditions, and also, where stated, under extreme test conditions.
The test conditions and procedures shall be as specified in clauses 5.2 to 5.4.
5.2 External test power source
During tests the power source of the equipment shall be an external test power source, capable of producing normal and
extreme test voltages as specified in clauses 5.3.2 and 5.4.2. The internal impedance of the external test power source
shall be low enough for its effect on the test results to be negligible.
The test voltage shall be measured at the point of connection of the power cable to the equipment.
During tests the external test power source voltages shall be within a tolerance of ±1 % relative to the voltage at the
beginning of each test. The level of this tolerance can be critical for certain measurements. Using a smaller tolerance
provides a reduced uncertainty level for these measurements.
5.3 Normal test conditions
5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity
The normal temperature and humidity conditions for tests shall be any convenient combination of temperature and
humidity within the following ranges:
• temperature: +15 °C to +35 °C;
• relative humidity: 20 % to 75 %.
When it is impracticable to carry out tests under these conditions, a note to this effect, stating the ambient temperature
and relative humidity during the tests, shall be added to the test report.
5.3.2 Normal test power source
The internal impedance of the test power source shall be low enough for its effect on the test results to be negligible.
For the purpose of the tests, the voltage of the external test power source shall be measured at the input terminals of the
equipment.
5.3.2.1 Mains voltage
The normal test voltage for equipment shall be the nominal mains voltage. For the purpose of the present document, the
nominal voltage shall be the declared voltage, or any of the declared voltages, for which the equipment was designed.
The frequency of the test power source corresponding to the ac mains shall be between 49 Hz and 51 Hz.
5.3.2.2 Other power sources
For operation from other power sources the normal test voltage shall be that declared by the provider. Such values shall
be stated in the test report.
ETSI
14 ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.6.1 (2012-03)
5.4 Extreme test conditions
5.4.1 Extreme temperatures
5.4.1.1 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures
Before measurements are made, the equipment shall have reached thermal balance in the test chamber. The equipment
shall not be switched off during the temperature stabilizing period.
If the thermal balance is not checked by measurements, a temperature stabilizing period of at least one hour, or such
period as may be decided by the accredited test laboratory, shall be allowed. The sequence of measurements shall be
chosen, and the humidity content in the test chamber shall be controlled so that excessive condensation does not occur.
5.4.1.2 Extreme temperature ranges
For tests at extreme temperatures, measurements shall be made in accordance with the procedures specified in
clause 5.4.1.1, at the upper and lower temperatures of one of the following limits:
• Temperature: -20 °C to +55 °C.
5.4.2 Extreme test source voltages
5.4.2.1 Mains voltage
The extreme test voltages for equipment to be connected to an ac mains source shall be the nominal mains
voltage ±10 %.
5.4.2.2 Other power sources
For equipment using other power sources, or capable of being operated from a variety of power sources, the extreme
test voltages shall be that declared by the provider. These shall be recorded in the test report.
6 General conditions
Detailed descriptions of the radiated measurement arrangements are included in annexes A and B. In general,
measurements shall be carried out under far field conditions. The far field condition for the EUTs is considered to be
fulfilled in a minimum radial distance "X" that shall be a minimum of 2d /λ , where d is the largest dimension of the
antenna aperture of the EUT, for a single device measurement.
Absolute power measurements shall be made using an appropriate method to ensure that the wave front is properly
formed (i.e. operating in far field conditions). The test site shall meet the appropriate requirements as defined in
published guidelines/standards.
6.1 Test fixture
6.1.1 Requirements
The test fi
...
Final draft ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.6.1 (2012-01)
European Standard
Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices;
Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT);
Short range radar equipment operating in the 24 GHz range;
Part 1: Technical requirements and
methods of measurement
2 Final draft ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.6.1 (2012-01)
Reference
REN/ERM-TGSRR-056-1
Keywords
radar, radio, RTTT, SRD, testing
ETSI
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© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2012.
All rights reserved.
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DECT , PLUGTESTS , UMTS and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members.
TM TM
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of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
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ETSI
3 Final draft ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.6.1 (2012-01)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 6
Foreword . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 References . 7
2.1 Normative references . 7
2.2 Informative references . 8
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 9
3.1 Definitions . 9
3.2 Symbols . 10
3.3 Abbreviations . 11
4 Technical requirements specifications . 12
4.1 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes . 12
4.1.1 Choice of model for testing . 12
4.2 Mechanical and electrical design . 12
4.3 Auxiliary test equipment . 12
4.4 Interpretation of the measurement results . 12
5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures . 13
5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions . 13
5.2 External test power source. 13
5.3 Normal test conditions . 13
5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity . 13
5.3.2 Normal test power source . 13
5.3.2.1 Mains voltage . 13
5.3.2.2 Other power sources . 13
5.4 Extreme test conditions . 14
5.4.1 Extreme temperatures . 14
5.4.1.1 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures . 14
5.4.1.2 Extreme temperature ranges . 14
5.4.2 Extreme test source voltages . 14
5.4.2.1 Mains voltage . 14
5.4.2.2 Other power sources . 14
6 General conditions . 14
6.1 Test fixture . 14
6.1.1 Requirements . 14
6.1.2 Calibration . 15
6.1.3 General requirements for RF cables. 17
6.1.4 Shielded anechoic chamber. 18
7 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitter parameters . 19
7.1 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitters in the 22,000 GHz to 26,65 GHz band for type A
and B . 19
7.1.1 Permitted range of operating frequencies . 19
7.1.1.1 Definition . 19
7.1.1.2 Method of measurement . 19
7.1.1.3 Limits . 20
7.1.1.3.1 Limits for type A . 20
7.1.1.3.2 Limits for type B . 20
7.1.2 Maximum radiated average power density (e.i.r.p.) . 20
7.1.2.1 Definition . 20
7.1.2.2 Method of measurement . 20
7.1.2.3 Limits for UWB maximum radiated average power density (e.i.r.p.) for type A . 22
7.1.2.4 Limits for UWB maximum radiated average power density (e.i.r.p.) for type B . 22
7.1.3 Maximum radiated peak power density (e.i.r.p.) . 23
ETSI
4 Final draft ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.6.1 (2012-01)
7.1.3.1 Definition . 23
7.1.3.2 Method of measurement . 23
7.1.3.3 Standard procedure and setup extensions . 24
7.1.3.4 Limits for UWB maximum radiated peak power density (e.i.r.p.) for type A . 24
7.1.3.5 Limits for UWB maximum radiated peak power density (e.i.r.p.) for type B . 25
7.1.4 Methods of measurement and limits for emissions in the 24,05 GHz to 24,25 GHz band . 26
7.1.4.1 Equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.) . 26
7.1.4.1.1 Definition. 26
7.1.4.1.2 Method of measurement . 26
7.1.4.1.3 Limits . 28
7.1.4.2 Permitted range of operating frequencies . 28
7.1.4.2.1 Definition. 28
7.1.4.2.2 Method of measurement for equipment not using FH modulation . 28
7.1.4.2.3 Method of measurement for equipment using pulsed FH modulation . 29
7.1.4.2.4 Limit . 30
7.1.5 Vertical plane transmitter emissions in the 23,6 GHz to 24 GHz band . 30
7.1.5.1 Definition . 30
7.1.5.2 Measurement procedure . 30
7.1.5.3 Vertical emission limits in the 23,6 GHz to 24,0 GHz band for type A . 30
7.1.5.4 Emission limits for Type B . 30
7.2 Radiated emissions in the non-operating-frequency range . 31
7.2.1 Definition . 31
7.2.2 Measuring receiver . 31
7.2.3 Method of measurement for emissions in the non-operating frequency range . 31
7.2.4 Limits . 32
8 Methods of measurement and limits for receiver parameters . 32
8.1 Receiver spurious emissions. 32
8.1.1 Definition . 32
8.1.2 Method of measurement - radiated spurious emissions . 32
8.1.3 Limit . 33
9 Measurement uncertainty . 33
Annex A (normative): Radiated measurements . 35
A.1 Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields . 35
A.2 Guidance on the use of radiation test sites . 35
A.2.1 Substitution antenna . 35
A.3 Indoor test site using a fully anechoic RF chamber . 35
A.3.1 Example of the construction of a shielded anechoic chamber . 35
A.3.2 Influence of parasitic reflections in anechoic chambers . 37
A.3.3 Calibration of the shielded RF anechoic chamber . 37
Annex B (normative): General description of measurement methods . 38
B.1 Radiated measurements . 38
B.2 Performance requirements for preamplifier and horn antenna . 39
B.3 Measurement of the residual carrier . 39
Annex C (informative): Example of modulation schemes. 40
C.1 Pseudo Noise Pulse Position Modulation (PN PPM) . 40
C.1.1 Definition . 40
C.1.2 Typical operation parameters . 41
C.2 Pulsed FH (Pulsed Frequency Hopping) . 41
C.2.1 Definition . 41
C.2.2 Typical operation parameters . 42
C.2.3 Additional requirements for pulsed FH equipment measurement . 42
C.2.3.1 Pulsed FH modulation . 42
C.2.3.2 Measurement requirements . 42
ETSI
5 Final draft ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.6.1 (2012-01)
C.3 PN-2-PSK (Pseudo noise binary coded phase shift keying). 43
C.3.1 Definition . 43
C.3.2 Typical operation parameters . 44
Annex D (normative): General description of Type A: Short range radar equipment
operating in the range from 22,000 GHz to 26,65 GHz . 45
Annex E (normative): General description of Type B: Short range radar equipment
operating in the range from 24,25 GHz to 26,65 GHz . 46
Annex F (informative): Typical antenna elevation pattern for a 26 GHz SRR in the passive
band and the averaged elevation pattern above 30° . 47
Annex G (normative): Installation requirements of 24 GHz Short Range Radar (SRR)
systems . 48
G.1 Installation requirements for type A . 48
G.2 Installation requirements for Type B . 49
Annex H (informative): Conversion of power density to e.i.r.p. 50
H.1 Assumptions . 50
H.2 Example . 50
Annex I (informative): Bibliography . 51
History . 52
ETSI
6 Final draft ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.6.1 (2012-01)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://ipr.etsi.org).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This final draft European Standard (EN) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic
compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM), and is now submitted for the Vote phase of the ETSI standards
Two-step Approval Procedure.
For non EU countries the present document may be used for regulatory (Type Approval) purposes.
Equipment compliant with the present document is intended for fitment into road vehicles, therefore it is subject to
automotive EMC type approval and has to comply with Directive 95/54/EC [4]. For use on vehicles outside the scope of
Directive 95/54/EC [4] compliance with an EMC directive/standard appropriate for that use is required.
The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum
Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices, Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT); Short range radar equipment
operating in the 24 GHz range, as identified below:
Part 1: "Technical requirements and methods of measurement";
Part 2: "Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".
Proposed national transposition dates
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 3 months after ETSI publication
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 6 months after doa
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 6 months after doa
ETSI
7 Final draft ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.6.1 (2012-01)
1 Scope
The present document specifies the technical requirements and methods of measurement for Short Range Devices
(SRD) working as UWBdevices with at least 500 MHz bandwidth in the 22,000 GHz to 26,65 GHz frequency range
intended for Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT) applications, such as automotive 24 GHz Short Range
Radar (SRR) for e.g. obstacle detection, stop and go, blind spot detection, parking aid, backup aid, precrash and other
automotive applications.
The present document covers transmitters intended to operate in a temporary frequency designation under the 24 GHz
ECC decision CEPT/ECC/DEC/(04)10 [i.7], the EU Commission decision on 24 GHz SRR 2005/50/EC [i.1] and the
amendment as presented in RSCOM11-07 21 [i.8].
The operating frequency range for intentional UWB emissions with at least 500 MHz bandwidth in the 22,000 GHz to
th
26,65 GHz range until 30 June 2013 as given in annex D and from 24,25 GHz to 26,65 GHz until 1st January 2018 as
given in annex E. However, the date of 1 January 2018 will be extended by 4 years for automotive short-range radar
equipment mounted on motor vehicles for which a type approval application has been submitted pursuant to Article 6(6)
of Directive 2007/46/EC [6] and has been granted before 1 January 2018.
The present document applies to:
a) Transmitters in the range from 22,000 GHz to 26,65 GHz operating as UWB devices over the specific
bandwidth defined for the individual devices.
b) Receivers operating in the range from 22,000 GHz to 26,65 GHz.
c) Integrated transceivers.
The present document contains the technical characteristics and test methods for short range radar equipment fitted with
integral antennas.
The present document does not necessarily include all the characteristics which may be required by a user, nor does it
necessarily represent the optimum performance achievable.
The present document covers short range radar mobile applications. The present document covers only SRR equipment
for road vehicles.
The present document complies with field limits for human exposure to electromagnetic fields as provided by the
EC Recommendation 1999/519/EC [i.2] and the methods for compliance demonstration in EN 50371 [i.3].
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
reference document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] CISPR 16 (parts 1-1, 1-4 and 1-5): "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring
apparatus and methods; Part 1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus".
[2] CEPT/ERC/REC 01-06: "Procedure for mutual recognition of type testing and type approval for
radio equipment".
ETSI
8 Final draft ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.6.1 (2012-01)
[3] ETSI TR 100 028 (V1.4.1) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics".
[4] Commission Directive 95/54/EC of 31 October 1995 adapting to technical progress Council
Directive 72/245/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the
suppression of radio interference produced by spark-ignition engines fitted to motor vehicles and
amending Directive 70/156/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating
to the type-approval of motor vehicles and their trailers.
[5] ETSI EN 302 288-2 (V1.3.2): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices; Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT); Short range radar
equipment operating in the 24 GHz range; Part 2: Harmonized EN covering the essential
requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".
[6] Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 September 2007,
establishing a framework for the approval of motor vehicles and their trailers, and of systems,
components and separate technical units intended for such vehicles.
NOTE: See http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2007:263:0001:0001:EN:PDF.
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] Commission Decision 2005/50/EC of 17 January 2005 on the harmonization of the 24 GHz range
radio spectrum band for the time-limited use by automotive short-range radar equipment in the
Community.
[i.2] Council Recommendation 1999/519/EC of 12 July 1999 on the limitation of exposure of the
general public to electromagnetic fields (0 Hz to 300 GHz).
[i.3] CENELEC EN 50371 (2002): "Generic standard to demonstrate the compliance of low power
electronic and electrical apparatus with the basic restrictions related to human exposure to
electromagnetic fields (10 MHz - 300 GHz) - General public".
[i.4] ETSI TR 102 273-2 (V1.2.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the
corresponding measurement uncertainties; Part 2: Anechoic chamber".
[i.5] CEPT/ERC/REC 70-03: "Relating to the use of Short Range Devices (SRD)".
[i.6] CEPT/ERC/REC 74-01: "Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain".
[i.7] CEPT/ECC/DEC/(04)10: "ECC Decision of 12 November 2004 on the frequency bands to be
designated for the temporary introduction of Automotive Short Range Radars (SRR)", (Amended
2005).
[i.8] RSCOM11-21, Amending Decision 2005/50/EC on the harmonisation of the 24 GHz range radio
spectrum band for the time-limited use by automotive short-range radar equipment in the
Community.
[i.9] ECC Report 158: "The impact of 26 GHz SRR applicatiosn using ultra-wideband (UWB)
technology on radio services".
ETSI
9 Final draft ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.6.1 (2012-01)
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
activity factor: actual on-the-air time divided by active session time or actual on-the-air emission time within a given
time window
antenna scan duty factor: ratio of the area of the beam (measured at its -3 dB point) to the total area scanned by the
antenna (as measured at its -3 dB point)
assigned frequency band: frequency band within which the device is authorized to operate
associated antenna: antenna and all its associated components which are designed as an indispensable part of the
equipment
average time: time interval on which a mean measurement is integrated
blanking period: time period where either no waveform or a constant waveform within the 24 GHz SRD band occurs
boresight: axis of the main beam in a directional antenna
channel dwell duty cycle: ratio of the time of uninterrupted continuous transmission within a given frequency channel
to the channel repetition interval
NOTE: Channel dwell time/channel repetition interval.
channel dwell time: accumulated amount of transmission time of uninterrupted continuous transmission within a single
given frequency channel and within one channel repetition interval
duty cycle: ratio of the total on time of the "message" to the total off time in any one hour period
NOTE: The device may be triggered either automatically or manually, whether the duty cycle is fixed or random
depends on how the device is triggered.
Equipment Under Test (EUT): radar sensor including the integrated antenna together with any external antenna
components which affect or influence its performance
equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.): total power or power density transmitted, assuming an isotropic
radiator
NOTE: e.i.r.p. is conventionally the product of "power or power density into the antenna" and "antenna gain".
E.i.r.p. is used for both peak or average power and peak or average power density.
equivalent pulse power duration: duration of an ideal rectangular pulse which has the same content of energy
compared with the pulse shape of the EUT with pulsed modulation or on-off gating
far field measurement: measurement at a distance "X" of at least 2d /λ , where d is the largest dimension of the
antenna aperture of the EUT
maximum safe level for radiated power density: level which can be transmitted in accordance with the current
recommended safety levels in Council Recommendation 1999/519/EC [i.2]
on-off gating: methods of transmission with fixed or randomly quiescent period that is much larger than the PRF
operating frequency (operating centre frequency): nominal frequency at which equipment is operated
NOTE: Equipment may be able to operate at more than one operating frequency.
ETSI
10 Final draft ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.6.1 (2012-01)
operating frequency range: range of operating frequencies over which the equipment can be adjusted through
switching or reprogramming or oscillator tuning
NOTE 1: For pulsed or phase shifting systems without further carrier tuning the operating frequency range is fixed
on a single carrier line.
NOTE 2: For analogue or discrete frequency modulated systems (FSK, FMCW) the operating frequency range
covers the difference between minimum and maximum of all carrier frequencies on which the equipment
can be adjusted.
power envelope: power supplied to the antenna by a transmitter during one radio frequency cycle at the crest of the
modulation envelope taken under normal operating conditions
Power Spectral Density (PSD): ratio of the amount of power to the used radio measurement bandwidth
NOTE: It is expressed in units of dBm/Hz or as a power in unit dBm with respect to the used bandwidth. In case
of measurement with a spectrum analyser the measurement bandwidth is equal to the RBW.
precrash: time before the crash occurs when safety mechanism are deployed
Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF): inverse of the Pulse Repetition Interval, averaged over a time sufficiently long as
to cover all PRI variations
Pulse Repetition Interval (PRI): time between the rising edges of the transmitted (pulsed) output power
quiescent period: time instant where no intentional emission occurs
radome: external protective cover which is independent of the associated antenna, and which may contribute to the
overall performance of the antenna (and hence, the EUT)
spatial radiated power density: power per unit area normal to the direction of the electromagnetic wave propagation
NOTE: Spatial radiated power density is expressed in units of W/m .
spread spectrum: telecommunications techniques in which a signal is transmitted in a bandwidth considerably greater
than the frequency content of the original information
ultra wideband: classification of the spectral width of a transmission system
ultra-wideband bandwidth: equipment using ultra-wideband technology means equipment incorporating, as an
integral part or as an accessory, technology for short-range radiocommunication, involving the intentional generation
and transmission of radio-frequency energy that spreads over a frequency range wider than 50 MHz
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
λ wavelength
ac alternating current
B bandwidth
B frequency hopping bandwidth
FH
d largest dimension of the antenna aperture
D distance of ferrite beads
fb
E field strength
E reference field strength
o
f carrier frequency
c
f hopping frequency
hop
f highest frequency
h
f lowest frequency
l
G antenna gain
a
P radiated power
rad
P radiated peak power measured in 3 MHz bandwidth
PK 3 MHz
ETSI
11 Final draft ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.6.1 (2012-01)
P signal generator power
s
R distance
R reference distance
o
Rx receiver
τ pulse width
T blank time period
blk
T chip period
c
T dwell time
dw
T frame time
fr
T pulse power duration
pw
Tx transmitter
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying
CW Continuous Wave
dB decibel
dBi gain in decibels relative to an isotropic antenna
DSB Dual Side Band
DSS Direct Sequence Signal
e.i.r.p. equivalent isotropically radiated power
ECC Electronic Communications Committee
EMC Electro Magnetic Compatibility
ERC European Radiocommunication Committee
EUT Equipment Under Test
FH Frequency Hopping
FHSS Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum
FMCW Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave
FSK Frequency Shift Keying
IF Intermediate Frequency
LNA Low Noise Amplifier
PDCF Pulse Desensitization Correction Factor
PM Pulse Modulation
PN Pseudo Noise
PPM Pulse Position Modulation (staggered)
PRF Pulse Repetition Frequency
PRI Pulse Repetition Interval
PSK Phase Shift Keying
R&TTE Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment
r.m.s. root mean square
RAS Radio Astronomy Site
RBW Resolution BandWidth
RF Radio Frequency
RMS Root Mean Square
RTTT Road Transport and Traffic Telematics
Rx Receiver (Receive)
SA Spectrum Analyser
SNR Signal to Noise Ratio
SPM Staggered Pulse Position Modulated
SRD Short Range Device
SRR Short Range Radar
Tx Transmitter
UWB UltraWide Band
VBW Video BandWidth
VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
ETSI
12 Final draft ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.6.1 (2012-01)
4 Technical requirements specifications
4.1 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes
Each equipment submitted for testing, where applicable, shall fulfil the requirements of the present document on all
frequencies over which it is intended to operate. EMC type approval testing to Directive 95/54/EC [4] shall be done on
the vehicle.
The provider shall provide one or more samples of the equipment, as appropriate for testing.
Additionally, technical documentation and operating manuals, sufficient to allow testing to be performed, shall be
supplied.
The performance of the equipment submitted for testing shall be representative of the performance of the corresponding
production model. In order to avoid any ambiguity in that assessment, the present document contains instructions for the
presentation of equipment for testing purposes, conditions of testing (clause 5) and the measurement methods (clauses 7
and 8). Instructions for installation of the equipment in a road vehicle are provided in annex D.
Stand alone equipment submitted for testing shall be offered by the provider complete with any ancillary equipment
needed for testing. The provider shall declare the frequency range(s), the range of operation conditions and power
requirements, as applicable, in order to establish the appropriate test conditions.
The EUT will comprise the sensor, antenna and radome if needed and will be tested as a standalone assembly. The
EUTs test fixtures may be supplied by the provider to facilitate the tests (clause 6.1).
These clauses are intended to give confidence that the requirements set out in the present document have been met
without the necessity of performing measurements on all frequencies.
4.1.1 Choice of model for testing
If an equipment has several optional features, considered not to affect the RF parameters then the tests need only to be
performed on the equipment configured with that combination of features considered to be the most complex, as
proposed by the provider and agreed by the test laboratory.
4.2 Mechanical and electrical design
The equipment submitted by the provider shall be designed, constructed and manufactured in accordance with good
engineering practice and with the aim of minimizing harmful interference to other equipment and services.
Transmitters and receivers may be individual or combination units.
4.3 Auxiliary test equipment
All necessary test signal sources and set-up information shall accompany the equipment when it is submitted for testing.
4.4 Interpretation of the measurement results
The interpretation of the results recorded on the appropriate test report for the measurements described in the present
document shall be as follows:
• the measured value relating to the corresponding limit shall be used to decide whether an equipment meets the
requirements of the present document;
• the measurement uncertainty value for the measurement of each parameter shall be included in the test report;
• the recorded value of the measurement uncertainty shall, for each measurement, be equal to, or lower than, the
figures in the table of measurement uncertainty (table 9).
ETSI
13 Final draft ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.6.1 (2012-01)
5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient
temperatures
5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions
Testing shall be carried out under normal test conditions, and also, where stated, under extreme test conditions.
The test conditions and procedures shall be as specified in clauses 5.2 to 5.4.
5.2 External test power source
During tests the power source of the equipment shall be an external test power source, capable of producing normal and
extreme test voltages as specified in clauses 5.3.2 and 5.4.2. The internal impedance of the external test power source
shall be low enough for its effect on the test results to be negligible.
The test voltage shall be measured at the point of connection of the power cable to the equipment.
During tests the external test power source voltages shall be within a tolerance of ±1 % relative to the voltage at the
beginning of each test. The level of this tolerance can be critical for certain measurements. Using a smaller tolerance
provides a reduced uncertainty level for these measurements.
5.3 Normal test conditions
5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity
The normal temperature and humidity conditions for tests shall be any convenient combination of temperature and
humidity within the following ranges:
• temperature: +15 °C to +35 °C;
• relative humidity: 20 % to 75 %.
When it is impracticable to carry out tests under these conditions, a note to this effect, stating the ambient temperature
and relative humidity during the tests, shall be added to the test report.
5.3.2 Normal test power source
The internal impedance of the test power source shall be low enough for its effect on the test results to be negligible.
For the purpose of the tests, the voltage of the external test power source shall be measured at the input terminals of the
equipment.
5.3.2.1 Mains voltage
The normal test voltage for equipment shall be the nominal mains voltage. For the purpose of the present document, the
nominal voltage shall be the declared voltage, or any of the declared voltages, for which the equipment was designed.
The frequency of the test power source corresponding to the ac mains shall be between 49 Hz and 51 Hz.
5.3.2.2 Other power sources
For operation from other power sources the normal test voltage shall be that declared by the provider. Such values shall
be stated in the test report.
ETSI
14 Final draft ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.6.1 (2012-01)
5.4 Extreme test conditions
5.4.1 Extreme temperatures
5.4.1.1 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures
Before measurements are made, the equipment shall have reached thermal balance in the test chamber. The equipment
shall not be switched off during the temperature stabilizing period.
If the thermal balance is not checked by measurements, a temperature stabilizing period of at least one hour, or such
period as may be decided by the accredited test laboratory, shall be allowed. The sequence of measurements shall be
chosen, and the humidity content in the test chamber shall be controlled so that excessive condensation does not occur.
5.4.1.2 Extreme temperature ranges
For tests at extreme temperatures, measurements shall be made in accordance with the procedures specified in
clause 5.4.1.1, at the upper and lower temperatures of one of the following limits:
• Temperature: -20 °C to +55 °C.
5.4.2 Extreme test source voltages
5.4.2.1 Mains voltage
The extreme test voltages for equipment to be connected to an ac mains source shall be the nominal mains
voltage ±10 %.
5.4.2.2 Other power sources
For equipment using other power sources, or capable of being operated from a variety of power sources, the extreme
test voltages shall be that declared by the provider. These shall be recorded in the test report.
6 General conditions
Detailed descriptions of the radiated measurement arrangements are included in annexes A and B. In general,
measurements shall be carried out under far field conditions. The far field condition for the EUTs is considered to be
fulfilled in a minimum radial distance "X" that shall be a minimum of 2d /λ , where d is the largest dimension of the
antenna aperture of the EUT, for a single device measurement.
Absolute power measure
...
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM) - Short Range Devices - Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT) - Short range radar equipment operating in the 24 GHz range - Part 1: Technical requirements and methods of measurement35.240.60Uporabniške rešitve IT v transportu in trgoviniIT applications in transport and trade33.100.01Elektromagnetna združljivost na splošnoElectromagnetic compatibility in general33.060.99Druga oprema za radijske komunikacijeOther equipment for radiocommunicationsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 302 288-1 Version 1.6.1SIST EN 302 288-1 V1.6.1:2012en01-maj-2012SIST EN 302 288-1 V1.6.1:2012SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
European Standard SIST EN 302 288-1 V1.6.1:2012
ETSI ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.6.1 (2012-03) 2
Reference REN/ERM-TGSRR-056-1 Keywords radar, radio, RTTT, SRD, testing ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE
Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00
Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16
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Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http://www.etsi.org The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF). In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at http://portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: http://portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2012. All rights reserved.
DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTM and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM and LTE™ are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. GSM® and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association. SIST EN 302 288-1 V1.6.1:2012
ETSI ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.6.1 (2012-03) 3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights . 6 Foreword . 6 1 Scope . 7 2 References . 7 2.1 Normative references . 7 2.2 Informative references . 8 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 9 3.1 Definitions . 9 3.2 Symbols . 10 3.3 Abbreviations . 11 4 Technical requirements specifications . 12 4.1 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes . 12 4.1.1 Choice of model for testing . 12 4.2 Mechanical and electrical design . 12 4.3 Auxiliary test equipment . 12 4.4 Interpretation of the measurement results . 12 5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures . 13 5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions . 13 5.2 External test power source. 13 5.3 Normal test conditions . 13 5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity . 13 5.3.2 Normal test power source . 13 5.3.2.1 Mains voltage . 13 5.3.2.2 Other power sources . 13 5.4 Extreme test conditions . 14 5.4.1 Extreme temperatures . 14 5.4.1.1 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures . 14 5.4.1.2 Extreme temperature ranges . 14 5.4.2 Extreme test source voltages . 14 5.4.2.1 Mains voltage . 14 5.4.2.2 Other power sources . 14 6 General conditions . 14 6.1 Test fixture . 14 6.1.1 Requirements . 14 6.1.2 Calibration . 15 6.1.3 General requirements for RF cables. 17 6.1.4 Shielded anechoic chamber. 18 7 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitter parameters . 19 7.1 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitters in the 22,000 GHz to 26,65 GHz band for type A and B . 19 7.1.1 Permitted range of operating frequencies . 19 7.1.1.1 Definition . 19 7.1.1.2 Method of measurement . 19 7.1.1.3 Limits . 20 7.1.1.3.1 Limits for type A . 20 7.1.1.3.2 Limits for type B . 20 7.1.2 Maximum radiated average power density (e.i.r.p.) . 20 7.1.2.1 Definition . 20 7.1.2.2 Method of measurement . 20 7.1.2.3 Limits for UWB maximum radiated average power density (e.i.r.p.) for type A . 22 7.1.2.4 Limits for UWB maximum radiated average power density (e.i.r.p.) for type B . 22 7.1.3 Maximum radiated peak power density (e.i.r.p.) . 23 SIST EN 302 288-1 V1.6.1:2012
ETSI ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.6.1 (2012-03) 4 7.1.3.1 Definition . 23 7.1.3.2 Method of measurement . 23 7.1.3.3 Standard procedure and setup extensions . 24 7.1.3.4 Limits for UWB maximum radiated peak power density (e.i.r.p.) for type A . 24 7.1.3.5 Limits for UWB maximum radiated peak power density (e.i.r.p.) for type B . 25 7.1.4 Methods of measurement and limits for emissions in the 24,05 GHz to 24,25 GHz band . 26 7.1.4.1 Equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.) . 26 7.1.4.1.1 Definition. 26 7.1.4.1.2 Method of measurement . 26 7.1.4.1.3 Limits . 28 7.1.4.2 Permitted range of operating frequencies . 28 7.1.4.2.1 Definition. 28 7.1.4.2.2 Method of measurement for equipment not using FH modulation . 28 7.1.4.2.3 Method of measurement for equipment using pulsed FH modulation . 29 7.1.4.2.4 Limit . 30 7.1.5 Vertical plane transmitter emissions in the 23,6 GHz to 24 GHz band . 30 7.1.5.1 Definition . 30 7.1.5.2 Measurement procedure . 30 7.1.5.3 Vertical emission limits in the 23,6 GHz to 24,0 GHz band for type A . 30 7.1.5.4 Emission limits for Type B . 30 7.2 Radiated emissions in the non-operating-frequency range . 31 7.2.1 Definition . 31 7.2.2 Measuring receiver . 31 7.2.3 Method of measurement for emissions in the non-operating frequency range . 31 7.2.4 Limits . 32 8 Methods of measurement and limits for receiver parameters . 32 8.1 Receiver spurious emissions. 32 8.1.1 Definition . 32 8.1.2 Method of measurement - radiated spurious emissions . 32 8.1.3 Limit . 33 9 Measurement uncertainty . 33 Annex A (normative): Radiated measurements . 35 A.1 Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields . 35 A.2 Guidance on the use of radiation test sites . 35 A.2.1 Substitution antenna . 35 A.3 Indoor test site using a fully anechoic RF chamber . 35 A.3.1 Example of the construction of a shielded anechoic chamber . 35 A.3.2 Influence of parasitic reflections in anechoic chambers . 37 A.3.3 Calibration of the shielded RF anechoic chamber . 37 Annex B (normative): General description of measurement methods . 38 B.1 Radiated measurements . 38 B.2 Performance requirements for preamplifier and horn antenna . 39 B.3 Measurement of the residual carrier . 39 Annex C (informative): Example of modulation schemes. 40 C.1 Pseudo Noise Pulse Position Modulation (PN PPM) . 40 C.1.1 Definition . 40 C.1.2 Typical operation parameters . 41 C.2 Pulsed FH (Pulsed Frequency Hopping) . 41 C.2.1 Definition . 41 C.2.2 Typical operation parameters . 42 C.2.3 Additional requirements for pulsed FH equipment measurement . 42 C.2.3.1 Pulsed FH modulation . 42 C.2.3.2 Measurement requirements . 42 SIST EN 302 288-1 V1.6.1:2012
ETSI ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.6.1 (2012-03) 5 C.3 PN-2-PSK (Pseudo noise binary coded phase shift keying). 43 C.3.1 Definition . 43 C.3.2 Typical operation parameters . 44 Annex D (normative): General description of Type A: Short range radar equipment operating in the range from 22,000 GHz to 26,65 GHz . 45 Annex E (normative): General description of Type B: Short range radar equipment operating in the range from 24,25 GHz to 26,65 GHz . 46 Annex F (informative): Typical antenna elevation pattern for a 26 GHz SRR in the passive band and the averaged elevation pattern above 30° . 47 Annex G (normative): Installation requirements of 24 GHz Short Range Radar (SRR) systems . 48 G.1 Installation requirements for type A . 48 G.2 Installation requirements for Type B . 49 Annex H (informative): Conversion of power density to e.i.r.p. 50 H.1 Assumptions . 50 H.2 Example . 50 Annex I (informative): Bibliography . 51 History . 52
ETSI ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.6.1 (2012-03) 6 Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http://ipr.etsi.org). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This European Standard (EN) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM). For non EU countries the present document may be used for regulatory (Type Approval) purposes. Equipment compliant with the present document is intended for fitment into road vehicles, therefore it is subject to automotive EMC type approval and has to comply with Directive 95/54/EC [4]. For use on vehicles outside the scope of Directive 95/54/EC [4] compliance with an EMC directive/standard appropriate for that use is required. The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices, Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT); Short range radar equipment operating in the 24 GHz range, as identified below: Part 1: "Technical requirements and methods of measurement"; Part 2: "Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".
National transposition dates Date of adoption of this EN: 19 March 2012 Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 30 June 2012 Date of latest publication of new National Standard or endorsement of this EN (dop/e):
31 December 2012 Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 31 December 2012
ETSI ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.6.1 (2012-03) 7 1 Scope The present document specifies the technical requirements and methods of measurement for Short Range Devices (SRD) working as UWBdevices with at least 500 MHz bandwidth in the 22,000 GHz to 26,65 GHz frequency range intended for Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT) applications, such as automotive 24 GHz Short Range Radar (SRR) for e.g. obstacle detection, stop and go, blind spot detection, parking aid, backup aid, precrash and other automotive applications. The present document covers transmitters intended to operate in a temporary frequency designation under the 24 GHz ECC decision CEPT/ECC/DEC/(04)10 [i.7], the EU Commission decision on 24 GHz SRR 2005/50/EC [i.1] and the amendment as presented in RSCOM11-07 21 [i.8]. The operating frequency range for intentional UWB emissions with at least 500 MHz bandwidth in the 22,000 GHz to 26,65 GHz range until 30th June 2013 as given in annex D and from 24,25 GHz to 26,65 GHz until 1st January 2018 as given in annex E. However, the date of 1 January 2018 will be extended by 4 years for automotive short-range radar equipment mounted on motor vehicles for which a type approval application has been submitted pursuant to Article 6(6) of Directive 2007/46/EC [6] and has been granted before 1 January 2018. The present document applies to: a) Transmitters in the range from 22,000 GHz to 26,65 GHz operating as UWB devices over the specific bandwidth defined for the individual devices. b) Receivers operating in the range from 22,000 GHz to 26,65 GHz. c) Integrated transceivers. The present document contains the technical characteristics and test methods for short range radar equipment fitted with integral antennas. The present document does not necessarily include all the characteristics which may be required by a user, nor does it necessarily represent the optimum performance achievable. The present document covers short range radar mobile applications. The present document covers only SRR equipment for road vehicles. The present document complies with field limits for human exposure to electromagnetic fields as provided by the EC Recommendation 1999/519/EC [i.2] and the methods for compliance demonstration in EN 50371 [i.3]. 2 References References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the reference document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. 2.1 Normative references The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document. [1] CISPR 16 (parts 1-1, 1-4 and 1-5): "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods; Part 1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus". [2] CEPT/ERC/REC 01-06: "Procedure for mutual recognition of type testing and type approval for radio equipment". SIST EN 302 288-1 V1.6.1:2012
ETSI ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.6.1 (2012-03) 8 [3] ETSI TR 100 028 (V1.4.1) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics". [4] Commission Directive 95/54/EC of 31 October 1995 adapting to technical progress Council Directive 72/245/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the suppression of radio interference produced by spark-ignition engines fitted to motor vehicles and amending Directive 70/156/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the type-approval of motor vehicles and their trailers. [5] ETSI EN 302 288-2 (V1.3.2): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices; Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT); Short range radar equipment operating in the 24 GHz range; Part 2: Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive". [6] Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 September 2007, establishing a framework for the approval of motor vehicles and their trailers, and of systems, components and separate technical units intended for such vehicles. NOTE: See http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2007:263:0001:0001:EN:PDF. 2.2 Informative references The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. [i.1] Commission Decision 2005/50/EC of 17 January 2005 on the harmonization of the 24 GHz range radio spectrum band for the time-limited use by automotive short-range radar equipment in the Community. [i.2] Council Recommendation 1999/519/EC of 12 July 1999 on the limitation of exposure of the general public to electromagnetic fields (0 Hz to 300 GHz). [i.3] CENELEC EN 50371 (2002): "Generic standard to demonstrate the compliance of low power electronic and electrical apparatus with the basic restrictions related to human exposure to electromagnetic fields (10 MHz - 300 GHz) - General public". [i.4] ETSI TR 102 273-2 (V1.2.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the corresponding measurement uncertainties; Part 2: Anechoic chamber". [i.5] CEPT/ERC/REC 70-03: "Relating to the use of Short Range Devices (SRD)". [i.6] CEPT/ERC/REC 74-01: "Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain". [i.7] CEPT/ECC/DEC/(04)10: "ECC Decision of 12 November 2004 on the frequency bands to be designated for the temporary introduction of Automotive Short Range Radars (SRR)", (Amended 2005). [i.8] RSCOM11-21, Amending Decision 2005/50/EC on the harmonisation of the 24 GHz range radio spectrum band for the time-limited use by automotive short-range radar equipment in the Community. [i.9] ECC Report 158: "The impact of 26 GHz SRR applicatiosn using ultra-wideband (UWB) technology on radio services". SIST EN 302 288-1 V1.6.1:2012
ETSI ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.6.1 (2012-03) 9 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: activity factor: actual on-the-air time divided by active session time or actual on-the-air emission time within a given time window antenna scan duty factor: ratio of the area of the beam (measured at its -3 dB point) to the total area scanned by the antenna (as measured at its -3 dB point) assigned frequency band: frequency band within which the device is authorized to operate associated antenna: antenna and all its associated components which are designed as an indispensable part of the equipment average time: time interval on which a mean measurement is integrated blanking period: time period where either no waveform or a constant waveform within the 24 GHz SRD band occurs boresight: axis of the main beam in a directional antenna channel dwell duty cycle: ratio of the time of uninterrupted continuous transmission within a given frequency channel to the channel repetition interval NOTE: Channel dwell time/channel repetition interval. channel dwell time: accumulated amount of transmission time of uninterrupted continuous transmission within a single given frequency channel and within one channel repetition interval duty cycle: ratio of the total on time of the "message" to the total off time in any one hour period NOTE: The device may be triggered either automatically or manually, whether the duty cycle is fixed or random depends on how the device is triggered. Equipment Under Test (EUT): radar sensor including the integrated antenna together with any external antenna components which affect or influence its performance equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.): total power or power density transmitted, assuming an isotropic radiator NOTE: e.i.r.p. is conventionally the product of "power or power density into the antenna" and "antenna gain". E.i.r.p. is used for both peak or average power and peak or average power density. equivalent pulse power duration: duration of an ideal rectangular pulse which has the same content of energy compared with the pulse shape of the EUT with pulsed modulation or on-off gating far field measurement: measurement at a distance "X" of at least 2d2/λ, where d is the largest dimension of the antenna aperture of the EUT maximum safe level for radiated power density: level which can be transmitted in accordance with the current recommended safety levels in Council Recommendation 1999/519/EC [i.2] on-off gating: methods of transmission with fixed or randomly quiescent period that is much larger than the PRF operating frequency (operating centre frequency): nominal frequency at which equipment is operated NOTE: Equipment may be able to operate at more than one operating frequency. SIST EN 302 288-1 V1.6.1:2012
ETSI ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.6.1 (2012-03) 10 operating frequency range: range of operating frequencies over which the equipment can be adjusted through switching or reprogramming or oscillator tuning NOTE 1: For pulsed or phase shifting systems without further carrier tuning the operating frequency range is fixed on a single carrier line. NOTE 2: For analogue or discrete frequency modulated systems (FSK, FMCW) the operating frequency range covers the difference between minimum and maximum of all carrier frequencies on which the equipment can be adjusted. power envelope: power supplied to the antenna by a transmitter during one radio frequency cycle at the crest of the modulation envelope taken under normal operating conditions Power Spectral Density (PSD): ratio of the amount of power to the used radio measurement bandwidth NOTE: It is expressed in units of dBm/Hz or as a power in unit dBm with respect to the used bandwidth. In case of measurement with a spectrum analyser the measurement bandwidth is equal to the RBW. precrash: time before the crash occurs when safety mechanism are deployed Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF): inverse of the Pulse Repetition Interval, averaged over a time sufficiently long as to cover all PRI variations Pulse Repetition Interval (PRI): time between the rising edges of the transmitted (pulsed) output power quiescent period: time instant where no intentional emission occurs radome: external protective cover which is independent of the associated antenna, and which may contribute to the overall performance of the antenna (and hence, the EUT) spatial radiated power density: power per unit area normal to the direction of the electromagnetic wave propagation NOTE: Spatial radiated power density is expressed in units of W/m2. spread spectrum: telecommunications techniques in which a signal is transmitted in a bandwidth considerably greater than the frequency content of the original information ultra wideband: classification of the spectral width of a transmission system ultra-wideband bandwidth: equipment using ultra-wideband technology means equipment incorporating, as an integral part or as an accessory, technology for short-range radiocommunication, involving the intentional generation and transmission of radio-frequency energy that spreads over a frequency range wider than 50 MHz 3.2 Symbols For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply: λ wavelength ac alternating current B bandwidth BFH frequency hopping bandwidth d largest dimension of the antenna aperture Dfb distance of ferrite beads E field strength Eo reference field strength fc carrier frequency fhop hopping frequency fh highest frequency fl lowest frequency Ga antenna gain Prad radiated power P PK 3 MHz radiated peak power measured in 3 MHz bandwidth SIST EN 302 288-1 V1.6.1:2012
ETSI ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.6.1 (2012-03) 11 Ps signal generator power R distance Ro reference distance τ pulse width Tblk blank time period Tc chip period Tdw dwell time Tfr frame time Tpw pulse power duration 3.3 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying CW Continuous Wave dB decibel dBi gain in decibels relative to an isotropic antenna DSB Dual Side Band DSS Direct Sequence Signal e.i.r.p. equivalent isotropically radiated power ECC Electronic Communications Committee EMC Electro Magnetic Compatibility ERC European Radiocommunication Committee EUT Equipment Under Test FH Frequency Hopping FHSS Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum FMCW Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave FSK Frequency Shift Keying IF Intermediate Frequency LNA Low Noise Amplifier PDCF Pulse Desensitization Correction Factor PM Pulse Modulation PN Pseudo Noise PPM Pulse Position Modulation (staggered) PRF Pulse Repetition Frequency PRI Pulse Repetition Interval PSK Phase Shift Keying R&TTE Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment r.m.s. root mean square RAS Radio Astronomy Site RBW Resolution BandWidth RF Radio Frequency RMS Root Mean Square RTTT Road Transport and Traffic Telematics Rx Receiver (Receive) SA Spectrum Analyser SNR Signal to Noise Ratio SPM Staggered Pulse Position Modulated SRD Short Range Device SRR Short Range Radar Tx Transmitter UWB UltraWide Band VBW Video BandWidth VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio SIST EN 302 288-1 V1.6.1:2012
ETSI ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.6.1 (2012-03) 12 4 Technical requirements specifications 4.1 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes Each equipment submitted for testing, where applicable, shall fulfil the requirements of the present document on all frequencies over which it is intended to operate. EMC type approval testing to Directive 95/54/EC [4] shall be done on the vehicle. The provider shall provide one or more samples of the equipment, as appropriate for testing. Additionally, technical documentation and operating manuals, sufficient to allow testing to be performed, shall be supplied. The performance of the equipment submitted for testing shall be representative of the performance of the corresponding production model. In order to avoid any ambiguity in that assessment, the present document contains instructions for the presentation of equipment for testing purposes, conditions of testing (clause 5) and the measurement methods (clauses 7 and 8). Instructions for installation of the equipment in a road vehicle are provided in annex D. Stand alone equipment submitted for testing shall be offered by the provider complete with any ancillary equipment needed for testing. The provider shall declare the frequency range(s), the range of operation conditions and power requirements, as applicable, in order to establish the appropriate test conditions. The EUT will comprise the sensor, antenna and radome if needed and will be tested as a standalone assembly. The EUTs test fixtures may be supplied by the provider to facilitate the tests (clause 6.1). These clauses are intended to give confidence that the requirements set out in the present document have been met without the necessity of performing measurements on all frequencies. 4.1.1 Choice of model for testing If an equipment has several optional features, considered not to affect the RF parameters then the tests need only to be performed on the equipment configured with that combination of features considered to be the most complex, as proposed by the provider and agreed by the test laboratory. 4.2 Mechanical and electrical design The equipment submitted by the provider shall be designed, constructed and manufactured in accordance with good engineering practice and with the aim of minimizing harmful interference to other equipment and services. Transmitters and receivers may be individual or combination units. 4.3 Auxiliary test equipment All necessary test signal sources and set-up information shall accompany the equipment when it is submitted for testing. 4.4 Interpretation of the measurement results The interpretation of the results recorded on the appropriate test report for the measurements described in the present document shall be as follows: • the measured value relating to the corresponding limit shall be used to decide whether an equipment meets the requirements of the present document; • the measurement uncertainty value for the measurement of each parameter shall be included in the test report; • the recorded value of the measurement uncertainty shall, for each measurement, be equal to, or lower than, the figures in the table of measurement uncertainty (table 9). SIST EN 302 288-1 V1.6.1:2012
ETSI ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.6.1 (2012-03) 13 5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures 5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions Testing shall be carried out under normal test conditions, and also, where stated, under extreme test conditions. The test conditions and procedures shall be as specified in clauses 5.2 to 5.4. 5.2 External test power source During tests the power source of the equipment shall be an external test power source, capable of producing normal and extreme test voltages as specified in clauses 5.3.2 and 5.4.2. The internal impedance of the external test power source shall be low enough for its effect on the test results to be negligible. The test voltage shall be measured at the point of connection of the power cable to the equipment. During tests the external test power source voltages shall be within a tolerance of ±1 % relative to the voltage at the beginning of each test. The level of this tolerance can be critical for certain measurements. Using a smaller tolerance provides a reduced uncertainty level for these measurements. 5.3 Normal test conditions 5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity The normal temperature and humidity conditions for tests shall be any convenient combination of temperature and humidity within the following ranges: • temperature: +15 °C to +35 °C; • relative humidity: 20 % to 75 %. When it is impracticable to carry out tests under these conditions, a note to this effect, stating the ambient temperature and relative humidity during the tests, shall be added to the test report. 5.3.2 Normal test power source The internal impedance of the test power source shall be low enough for its effect on the test results to be negligible. For the purpose of the tests, the voltage of the external test power source shall be measured at the input terminals of the equipment. 5.3.2.1 Mains voltage The normal test voltage for equipment shall be the nominal mains voltage. For the purpose of the present document, the nominal voltage shall be the declared voltage, or any of the declared voltages, for which the equipment was designed. The frequency of the test power source corresponding to the ac mains shall be between 49 Hz and 51 Hz. 5.3.2.2 Other power sources For operation from other power sources the normal test voltage shall be that declared by the provider. Such values shall be stated in the test report. SIST EN 302 288-1 V1.6.1:2012
ETSI ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.6.1 (2012-03) 14 5.4 Extreme test conditions 5.4.1 Extreme temperatures 5.4.1.1 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures Before measurements are made, the equipment shall have reached thermal balance in the test chamber. The equipment shall not be switched off during the temperature stabilizing period. If the thermal balance is not checked by measurements, a temperature stabilizing period of at least one hour, or such period as may be decided by the accredited test laboratory, shall be allowed. The sequence of measurements shall be chosen, and the humidity content in the test chamber shall be controlled so that excessive condensation does not occur. 5.4.1.2 Extreme temperature ranges For tests at extreme temperatures, measurements shall be made in accordance with the procedures specified in clause 5.4.1.1, at the upper and lower temperatures of one of the following limits: • Temperature: -20 °C to +55 °C. 5.4.2 Extreme test source voltages 5.4.2.1 Mains voltage The extreme test voltages for equipment to be connected to an ac mains source shall be the nominal mains voltage ±10 %. 5.4.2.2 Other power sources For equipment using other power sources, or capable of being operated from a variety of power sources, the extreme test voltages shall be that declared by the provider. These shall be recorded in the test report. 6 General conditions Detailed descriptions of the radiated measurement arrangements are included in annexes A and B. In general, measurements shall be carried out under far field conditions. The far field condition for the EUTs is considered to be fulfilled in a minimum radial distance "X" that shall be a minimum of 2d2/λ, where d is the largest dimension of the antenna aperture of the EUT, for a single device measurement. Absolute power measurements shall be made using an appropriate method to ensure that the wave front is properly formed (i.e. operating in far field conditions). The test site shall meet the appropriate requirements as defined in published guidelines/standards. 6.1 Test fixture 6.1.1 Requirements The test fixture for radio equipment operating in the 24 GHz range shall enable the EUT to be physicall
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