SIST EN 16698:2016
(Main)Water quality - Guidance on quantitative and qualitative sampling of phytoplankton from inland waters
Water quality - Guidance on quantitative and qualitative sampling of phytoplankton from inland waters
This European Standard specifies procedures for phytoplankton sampling in inland waters and describes methods of sampling techniques for phytoplankton in inland waters (e.g. rivers and channels, or lakes, ponds, reservoirs and other artificial water bodies, respectively).
This European Standard gives guidance for sampling of phytoplankton for qualitative and quantitative limnological investigations and monitoring of water quality, e.g. ecological status.
Wasserbeschaffenheit - Anleitung für die quantitative und qualitative Probenahme von Phytoplankton aus Binnengewässern
Diese Europäische Norm legt Verfahren für die Probenahme von Phytoplankton in Binnengewässern fest und beschreibt Verfahren von Probenahmetechniken für Phytoplankton in Binnengewässern (z. B. Flüssen und Kanälen bzw. Seen, Teichen, Stauseen und anderen künstlichen Wasserkörpern).
Diese Europäische Norm gibt eine Anleitung zur Probenahme von Phytoplankton für qualitative und quantitative limnologische Untersuchungen und die Überwachung der Wasserbeschaffenheit, z. B. des ökologischen Zustandes.
Qualité de l'eau - Lignes directrices sur l'échantillonnage quantitatif et qualitatif du phytoplancton dans les eaux intérieures
La présente Norme européenne spécifie les procédures d'échantillonnage du phytoplancton dans les eaux intérieures et décrit, en outre, des méthodes et des techniques d'échantillonnage du phytoplancton dans les eaux intérieures (par exemple les rivières et les canaux, ou les lacs, les étangs, les retenues d'eau et autres masses d'eau artificielles, respectivement).
La présente Norme européenne fournit des lignes directrices pour l'échantillonnage du phytoplancton en vue de mener des études limnologiques qualitatives et quantitatives et de surveiller la qualité de l'eau (par exemple, l'état écologique).
Kakovost vode - Navodilo za kvantitativno in kvalitativno vzorčenje fitoplanktona v celinskih vodah
Razvoj metode za kvantitativno in kvalitativno vzorčenje fitoplanktona v celinskih vodah. Metoda vključuje vse običajne obstoječe evropske strategije vzorčenja.
Glavni vidiki vzorčenja fitoplanktona v jezerih, ki jih pokriva ta standard EN, so učinki vzorčenja na biomaso in sestavo fitoplanktona
– če vzorčenje poteka v različnih letnih časih;
– če gre za evfotično ali epilimnetično cono;
– če je število mest vzorčenja za velika vodna telesa ena ali tri;
– če se mešajo vzorci globinskega vzorčenja po korakih ali iz integriranih vzorcev ali prek gibljivih cevi za integrirano vzorčenje;
– če je ponovljeno vzorčenje 1 ali 5 na enem mestu (vidiki možnosti reprodukcije);
– če je vzorčenje opravljeno v nenavadni obliki vzorčenja kot vzorčenje ob obali ali ob iztoku v primerjavi z najglobljo točko jezera.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Public Enquiry End Date
- 31-Jan-2014
- Publication Date
- 21-Dec-2015
- Technical Committee
- KAV - Water quality
- Current Stage
- 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
- Start Date
- 10-Dec-2015
- Due Date
- 14-Feb-2016
- Completion Date
- 22-Dec-2015
Overview
EN 16698:2015 (CEN) - "Water quality - Guidance on quantitative and qualitative sampling of phytoplankton from inland waters" provides harmonized procedures for collecting phytoplankton samples from inland waters (rivers, channels, lakes, ponds, reservoirs and artificial water bodies). The standard focuses on representative sampling for both qualitative (species presence) and quantitative (abundance, biomass) limnological investigations and water‑quality monitoring, including ecological status assessments.
Key points
- Guidance for sampling in rivers and lakes (polymictic, stratified, during circulation or summer stagnation).
- Emphasis on representative collection, sample preservation and subsequent microscopy (Utermöhl technique).
- Recommendations for sampling frequency, replicates, equipment, bottling, fixation, storage and transport.
- Annexes with practical methodology, examples of sampling devices, cleaning procedures, depth‑gradient assessment and a sampling protocol template.
- Safety and training: work around water is hazardous; samples should be collected by trained staff.
Key topics and technical requirements
- Site selection and sampling design: choose locations and depths to capture spatial and temporal variability; different approaches for rivers vs lakes.
- Sampling frequency & replicates: adapt to monitoring objectives and natural variability; examples provided in annexes.
- Equipment & preservatives: lists of suitable samplers (integrating samplers, hose/tube samplers, plankton nets), preservatives and handling instructions for quantitative vs qualitative work.
- Procedures for lakes:
- Polymictic (shallow) lakes: whole‑column or surface mixing approaches.
- Stratified lakes: separate strategies for circulation periods and summer stagnation (including handling of deep chlorophyll maximum - DCM defined where chlorophyll at least 1.5× epilimnion average).
- Methods to prepare mixed water‑column samples (integral samplers or stepwise sampling).
- Rivers: emphasis on representative cross‑section or longitudinal sampling using horizontal samplers where appropriate.
- Sample processing & microscopy: preservation and sedimentation for analysis by inverted microscopy (EN 15204 Utermöhl technique).
- Accompanying parameters: Secchi depth (euphotic depth ≈ 2.5× Secchi; humic lakes 0.8–2.1×), water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, chlorophyll‑a - all recommended for interpretation.
- Quality assurance: protocol templates, cleaning procedures and QA measures in annexes.
Applications and users
EN 16698 is intended for:
- Environmental agencies and regulatory monitoring programs assessing ecological status
- Water quality laboratories and limnologists conducting phytoplankton surveys
- Consultants involved in reservoir/lake management and impact assessments
- Research groups studying seasonal and spatial dynamics of phytoplankton
Practical uses include routine monitoring, bloom detection and species inventories, biomass calculations, and supporting chemical/physical water‑quality data.
Related standards
- EN 15204 - Enumeration of phytoplankton using inverted microscopy (Utermöhl)
- EN ISO 5814 / ISO 17289 - Dissolved oxygen methods
- EN ISO 7027 - Turbidity
- EN ISO 10523 - pH
Keywords: phytoplankton sampling, water quality, inland waters, lake sampling, river sampling, integrating sampler, Secchi depth, chlorophyll-a, Utermöhl technique, ecological status.
Frequently Asked Questions
SIST EN 16698:2016 is a standard published by the Slovenian Institute for Standardization (SIST). Its full title is "Water quality - Guidance on quantitative and qualitative sampling of phytoplankton from inland waters". This standard covers: This European Standard specifies procedures for phytoplankton sampling in inland waters and describes methods of sampling techniques for phytoplankton in inland waters (e.g. rivers and channels, or lakes, ponds, reservoirs and other artificial water bodies, respectively). This European Standard gives guidance for sampling of phytoplankton for qualitative and quantitative limnological investigations and monitoring of water quality, e.g. ecological status.
This European Standard specifies procedures for phytoplankton sampling in inland waters and describes methods of sampling techniques for phytoplankton in inland waters (e.g. rivers and channels, or lakes, ponds, reservoirs and other artificial water bodies, respectively). This European Standard gives guidance for sampling of phytoplankton for qualitative and quantitative limnological investigations and monitoring of water quality, e.g. ecological status.
SIST EN 16698:2016 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 13.060.10 - Water of natural resources; 13.060.70 - Examination of biological properties of water. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
SIST EN 16698:2016 is associated with the following European legislation: EU Directives/Regulations: 2000/60/EC; Standardization Mandates: M/424. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.
You can purchase SIST EN 16698:2016 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of SIST standards.
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Wasserbeschaffenheit - Anleitung für die quantitative und qualitative Probenahme von Phytoplankton aus BinnengewässernQualité de l'eau - Lignes directrices sur l'échantillonnage quantitatif et qualitatif du phytoplancton dans les eaux intérieuresWater quality - Guidance on quantitative and qualitative sampling of phytoplankton from inland waters13.060.70Preiskava bioloških lastnosti vodeExamination of biological properties of water13.060.10Voda iz naravnih virovWater of natural resourcesICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 16698:2015SIST EN 16698:2016en,fr,de01-februar-2016SIST EN 16698:2016SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 16698
October
t r s w ICS
s uä r x rä y r English Version
Water quality æ Guidance on quantitative and qualitative sampling of phytoplankton from inland waters Qualité de l 5eau æ Lignes directrices sur l 5échantillonnage quantitatif et qualitatif du phytoplancton dans les eaux intérieures
Wasserbeschaffenheit æ Anleitung für die quantitative und qualitative æ Probenahme von Phytoplankton aus Binnengewässern This European Standard was approved by CEN on
z August
t r s wä
egulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alterationä Upætoædate lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN memberä
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versionsä
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austriaá Belgiumá Bulgariaá Croatiaá Cyprusá Czech Republicá Denmarká Estoniaá Finlandá Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedoniaá Franceá Germanyá Greeceá Hungaryá Icelandá Irelandá Italyá Latviaá Lithuaniaá Luxembourgá Maltaá Netherlandsá Norwayá Polandá Portugalá Romaniaá Slovakiaá Sloveniaá Spainá Swedená Switzerlandá Turkey and United Kingdomä
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels
t r s w CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Membersä Refä Noä EN
s x x { zã t r s w ESIST EN 16698:2016
Description of methodology . 18 A.1 Water colour, Secchi-depth and euphotic depth . 18 A.2 Secchi depth – practical hints . 19 A.3 Sampling frequency – examples. 19 Annex B (informative)
Examples for suitable water samplers . 22 B.1 Examples for sampling devices in rivers . 22 SIST EN 16698:2016
Determination of the depth gradient . 30 Annex D (informative)
Example for a sampling protocol . 32 Bibliography . 34
Note 1 to entry: See Annex C. Note 2 to entry: Values > 1,5 indicate a thermally stable stratified lake. For further details see Annex C and [18]. 3.3 dimictic lake lake with uniform water temperature and holomictic conditions twice a year: during autumn (before ice cover) and during spring (after ice cover) 3.4 epilimnion zone of the water body between surface and thermocline in which the water temperature and density is approximately uniform, showing a temperature gradient of < 1 °C/m SIST EN 16698:2016
¶ 1,5) Note 1 to entry: See also [17]. 3.13 shallow lake in this European Standard shallow lakes are defined as polymictic lakes (3.12) – based on the depth gradient - independent of their mean or maximum depth SIST EN 16698:2016
See Annex B for examples of suitable samplers; B.1 for samplers for rivers and B.2 for samplers for lakes. 5.1.2 Electrochemical/photo-optical probe with depth sensor to measure water temperature and dissolved oxygen according to EN ISO 5814 or ISO 17289. 5.1.3 pH probe (optional), e.g. according to EN ISO 10523. 5.1.4 Secchi disk according to EN ISO 7027 (see A.2 for further information). 5.1.5 Chlorophyll fluorescent probe with depth sensor (optional). A probe for total chlorophyll measurement is sufficient. SIST EN 16698:2016
The size of the container depends on the sampled volumes. 5.1.11 Plankton net, generally for qualitative sampling only; mesh width from 5 µm to 25 µm, depending on the taxonomic target. 5.1.12 Sample bottles, according to EN 15204. 5.1.13 Lightproof closed containers, suitable for the transport of the sample bottles (e.g. cooling boxes). 5.2 Fixatives and preservatives: Lugol’s reagent is suitable for Utermöhl phytoplankton analysis, depending on pH (see EN 15204). See 5.2.1 and 5.2.2. for further specifications. 5.2.1 Alkaline Lugol's iodine, with sodium acetate for preservation of plankton from neutral or alkaline waters. 5.2.2 Acidic Lugol's iodine, with acetic acid for preservation of plankton from acidic waters. 5.2.3 Ethanol, C2H5OH, volume fraction 90 % to 96 %, for preservation of diatom or picoplankton samples. 5.2.4 Formaldehyde (optional). Formaldehyde is appropriate for preservation of diatom or picoplankton samples. 6 Procedure 6.1 General requirements for phytoplankton sampling A representative phytoplankton sample should be taken with a suitable water sampler (see Annex B for examples). The contact of the water sampler with the lake/river bed, macrophyte stands, the floor of the boat, mooring buoys or any surface from which sample contamination could occur, particularly benthic algae or sediment, should be avoided. The phytoplankton sample should be filled immediately or after mixing in sampling bottles and preserved for later investigation according to EN 15204. Sample bottles should be marked before sampling to avoid interchanging the samples. Waterproof marker pen or pencil should be used (ballpoint pens or regular marker pens are not appropriate). Writing directly on the glass is not recommended. Instead, water-resistant adhesive tape that can be labelled or water-resistant printed labels are recommended. SIST EN 16698:2016
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