SIST-TP ISO/TR 21449:2005
(Main)Content Delivery and Rights Management: Functional requirements for identifiers and descriptors for use in the music, film, video,sound recording and publishing industries
Content Delivery and Rights Management: Functional requirements for identifiers and descriptors for use in the music, film, video,sound recording and publishing industries
The business and information architectures outlined in ISO/TR 21449:2004 are designed specifically to assist organizations involved in the development and administration of identification and description schemas for intellectual content and products in understanding the relationships between their organizations and other content industry players involved in production, distribution, and rights management. ISO/TR 21449:2004 does not preclude the possibility of other perspectives on the same environments or other business and information architectures designed to serve other purposes.
The functional requirements for identifiers and descriptors set out in ISO/TR 21449:2004 are centred on intra- and inter-industry business transactions relating to production, distribution, and rights management in the content industries (i.e., the music, film, video, sound recording and publishing industries).
The information model presented in ISO/TR 21449:2004 is focussed specifically on the requirements of the originators, producers, distributors, registration authorities, and rights administrators involved in the development and delivery of intellectual and artistic content. It does not reflect business functions such as marketing and archiving, nor does it directly reflect transactions between secondary service providers such as libraries, archives and museums.
Mise à disposition de contenus et gestion de droits -- Spécifications fonctionnelles des identificateurs et descripteurs à l'usage des industries musicales, cinématographiques, vidéographiques, phonographiques et de l'édition
L'architecture conceptuelle du domaine d'activité et l'architecture de l'information exposées dans l'ISO/TR 21449:2004 sont destinées spécialement à aider les organismes responsables de l'élaboration et de l'administration des schémas d'identification et de description du contenu intellectuel et des produits à comprendre les relations entre leur organisme et les autres acteurs de l'industrie de contenu impliqués dans la production, la distribution et la gestion des droits. L'ISO/TR 21449:2004 n'exclut pas l'éventualité d'aperçus différents sur ces mêmes environnements ou d'autres architectures du secteur d'activité et de l'information établies pour répondre à d'autres objectifs.
Les exigences fonctionnelles des identificateurs et descripteurs exposées dans l'ISO/TR 21449:2004 sont centrées sur les transactions d'activité des industries, en interne ou entre elles, relatives à la production, à la distribution et à la gestion des droits dans les industries de contenu (c'est-à-dire les industries musicales, cinématographiques, vidéographies, phonographiques et d'édition).
Le modèle de l'information présenté dans l'ISO/TR 21449:2004 se concentre en particulier sur les spécifications des initiateurs, producteurs, diffuseurs/distributeurs, agences d'enregistrement et administrateurs de droits, impliqués dans l'élaboration et la communication de contenus intellectuels et artistiques. Il ne reflète pas des fonctions d'activités comme le commerce ou l'archivage; ils ne reflète pas non plus directement les transactions entre fournisseurs de services secondaires comme les bibliothèques, les archives et les musées.
Dostava vsebin in upravljanje pravic: Funkcionalne zahteve za identifikatorje in deskriptorje za uporabo v glasbeni, filmski in video dejavnosti ter pri zvočnem snemanju in v založništvu
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TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 21449
First edition
2004-10-01
Content Delivery and Rights
Management — Functional requirements
for identifiers and descriptors for use in
the music, film, video, sound recording
and publishing industries
Mise à disposition de contenus et gestion de droits — Spécifications
fonctionnelles des identificateurs et descripteurs à l'usage des
industries musicales, cinématographiques, vidéographiques,
phonographiques et de l'édition
Reference number
©
ISO 2004
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
© ISO 2004
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope. 1
2 Approach. 1
3 Diagramming Conventions . 2
4 Conceptual Business Architecture . 2
5 Information Architecture . 4
6 Attributes and Relationships . 11
7 User Transactions. 12
Annex A Tables of entity attributes and relationships. 27
Bibliography . 47
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
In exceptional circumstances, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that
which is normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example), it may decide by a
simple majority vote of its participating members to publish a Technical Report. A Technical Report is entirely
informative in nature and does not have to be reviewed until the data it provides are considered to be no
longer valid or useful.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/TR 21449 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 46, Information and documentation,
Subcommittee SC 9, Identification and description.
iv © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved
Introduction
This Technical Report was prepared by Tom Delsey for organizations involved in the administration of
identifier systems and projects within ISO/TC 46, SC 9.
Recent advances in digital technology have prompted significant change within the music, film, video, sound
recording and publishing industries. These so-called “content” industries are all actively engaged in adapting
conventional modes of production and distribution to exploit new technologies for the creation, storage and
communication of information. Major industry players are repositioning themselves in relation not only to their
traditional competitors but to new entrants in the field as well, many of which have emerged from other
industries within the broader information/communications sector. The new technologies and a new competitive
environment together are driving industries right across that broader sector to develop new business models
in order to maintain and strengthen their respective positions in the marketplace.
Within this new technological and economic environment, infrastructure has become a key factor for strategic
positioning. It is no longer sufficient to have in place an infrastructure designed to support a specific industry;
increasingly all industries within the information/communications sector rely on a technological infrastructure
that is cross-sectoral and, in effect, global in design and scope. In that context, standardization becomes an
issue of much greater significance. Within the content industries, increased recognition of the strategic
importance of standardization is evidenced by a growing number of industry-wide and cross-sectoral initiatives
aimed at developing the models, standards and protocols that are needed to support electronic commerce
more efficiently and effectively. The development of a Multimedia Framework (MPEG-21) by the joint ISO/IEC
Moving Picture Expert Group is the most recent, and perhaps the most far-reaching of such initiatives.
As one element of the new multimedia infrastructure, standardized mechanisms for the identification and
description of digital items are becoming increasingly important as a means of supporting content-related
business transactions on a cross-sectoral and global basis. Within the publishing and sound recording
industries, standard identifiers have been used for decades as a means of facilitating product distribution and
remuneration. With the transition to networked delivery of digital content, there is a growing need for efficient
and reliable mechanisms for identifying not only the product as such, but the intellectual property embodied in
the product as well. Standard identifiers play an increasingly important role in facilitating and tracking a
multitude of transactions conducted throughout the lifecycle of a digital item and across the spectrum of the
supply chain. As a result, issues relating to integrity, scalability and flexibility in the design of standard
identifiers take on new importance, and “interoperability” becomes a key consideration.
From a business perspective, the interest of the content industries in networking infrastructure stems primarily
from a recognition of the essential role that infrastructure will play in future exploitation of market potential.
Digital item identification and description will serve as key elements of that infrastructure, and will form an
integral part of the technology that will support efficient business transactions and protect commercial rights
and interests in a networked environment.
From an operational perspective, the effective design and application of standards for digital item identification
and description will be critical for the support of activities throughout the supply chain, from content creation
and production through to distribution and the tracking of usage. To be fully effective in a multimedia
environment, digital item identifiers and descriptions will have to function on an all-inclusive scale. They will
have to encompass a broader range of content than they do currently; they will have to differentiate between
product and property; and they will have to be applied at multiple levels of aggregation and decomposition.
Scalability and flexibility will be essential. Above all, digital item identifiers and descriptions will have to
function in a multifaceted, cross-sectoral environment where interoperability is critical.
This Technical Report was developed to provide the content industries with a shared frame of reference for
describing the nature of the business and information transactions that take place between and among them
in the course of production, distribution, and rights management, and a structured statement of requirements
to guide the further development of identification and description schema in support of those functions.
TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 21449:2004(E)
Content Delivery and Rights Management — Functional
requirements for identifiers and descriptors for use in the
music, film, video, sound recording and publishing industries
1 Scope
The business and information architectures outlined in this Technical Report are designed specifically to assist
organizations involved in the development and administration of identification and description schemas for
intellectual content and products in understanding the relationships between their organizations and other
content industry players involved in production, distribution, and rights management. This Technical Report
does not preclude the possibility of other perspectives on the same environments or other business and
information architectures designed to serve other purposes.
The functional requirements for identifiers and descriptors set out in this Technical Report are centred on
intra- and inter-industry business transactions relating to production, distribution, and rights management in
the content industries (i.e., the music, film, video, sound recording and publishing industries).
The information model presented in this Technical Report is focussed specifically on the requirements of the
originators, producers, distributors, registration authorities, and rights administrators involved in the
development and delivery of intellectual and artistic content. It does not reflect business functions such as
marketing and archiving, nor does it directly reflect transactions between secondary service providers such as
libraries, archives and museums.
2 Approach
This analysis of functional requirements for identifiers and descriptors, for use in the content industries, is set
out in four segments.
The first segment defines a conceptual business architecture that identifies the functions performed by
individuals and organizations involved in the production and distribution of intellectual or artistic content and
the management of rights associated with that content, and highlights the key business relationships between
those functions. The conceptual business architecture provides a perspective on the business environment
designed specifically to assist the organizations responsible for the development and administration of
identification and description schemas for intellectual content and products in understanding the relationships
between their organizations and other content industry players involved in production, distribution, and rights
management. Details of the conceptual business architecture are documented in Clause 4.
The second segment defines an information architecture that provides a structured representation of, and
definitions for, the key entities (i.e., the objects, agents, activities, events, etc.) involved in each of the
business functions and the primary relationships between those entities. Details of the information architecture
are documented in Clause 5.
The third segment identifies and defines the attributes and relationships associated with each of the entities
identified in the information architecture. Details of the attribute and relationship definitions are documented in
Annex A.
The fourth segment defines a generic set of user transactions and maps the attributes and relationships
associated with the three entities of primary focus in the information architecture (content, product and
property) to those transactions. The mapping of attributes and relationships to transactions is intended to
serve as the basis for defining a common set of descriptors required for the registration of content, products
and property. Details of the user transaction definitions and mapping are documented in Clause 7.
3 Diagramming Conventions
Conceptual Business Architecture (Figure 1)
A circle represents a function performed by an individual or organization
operating within the
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-november-2005
'RVWDYDYVHELQLQXSUDYOMDQMHSUDYLF)XQNFLRQDOQH]DKWHYH]DLGHQWLILNDWRUMHLQ
GHVNULSWRUMH]DXSRUDERYJODVEHQLILOPVNLLQYLGHRGHMDYQRVWLWHUSUL]YRþQHP
VQHPDQMXLQY]DORåQLãWYX
Content Delivery and Rights Management: Functional requirements for identifiers and
descriptors for use in the music, film, video,sound recording and publishing industries
Mise à disposition de contenus et gestion de droits -- Spécifications fonctionnelles des
identificateurs et descripteurs à l'usage des industries musicales, cinématographiques,
vidéographiques, phonographiques et de l'édition
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO/TR 21449:2004
ICS:
01.140.20 Informacijske vede Information sciences
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 21449
First edition
2004-10-01
Content Delivery and Rights
Management — Functional requirements
for identifiers and descriptors for use in
the music, film, video, sound recording
and publishing industries
Mise à disposition de contenus et gestion de droits — Spécifications
fonctionnelles des identificateurs et descripteurs à l'usage des
industries musicales, cinématographiques, vidéographiques,
phonographiques et de l'édition
Reference number
©
ISO 2004
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
© ISO 2004
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope. 1
2 Approach. 1
3 Diagramming Conventions . 2
4 Conceptual Business Architecture . 2
5 Information Architecture . 4
6 Attributes and Relationships . 11
7 User Transactions. 12
Annex A Tables of entity attributes and relationships. 27
Bibliography . 47
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
In exceptional circumstances, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that
which is normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example), it may decide by a
simple majority vote of its participating members to publish a Technical Report. A Technical Report is entirely
informative in nature and does not have to be reviewed until the data it provides are considered to be no
longer valid or useful.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/TR 21449 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 46, Information and documentation,
Subcommittee SC 9, Identification and description.
iv © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved
Introduction
This Technical Report was prepared by Tom Delsey for organizations involved in the administration of
identifier systems and projects within ISO/TC 46, SC 9.
Recent advances in digital technology have prompted significant change within the music, film, video, sound
recording and publishing industries. These so-called “content” industries are all actively engaged in adapting
conventional modes of production and distribution to exploit new technologies for the creation, storage and
communication of information. Major industry players are repositioning themselves in relation not only to their
traditional competitors but to new entrants in the field as well, many of which have emerged from other
industries within the broader information/communications sector. The new technologies and a new competitive
environment together are driving industries right across that broader sector to develop new business models
in order to maintain and strengthen their respective positions in the marketplace.
Within this new technological and economic environment, infrastructure has become a key factor for strategic
positioning. It is no longer sufficient to have in place an infrastructure designed to support a specific industry;
increasingly all industries within the information/communications sector rely on a technological infrastructure
that is cross-sectoral and, in effect, global in design and scope. In that context, standardization becomes an
issue of much greater significance. Within the content industries, increased recognition of the strategic
importance of standardization is evidenced by a growing number of industry-wide and cross-sectoral initiatives
aimed at developing the models, standards and protocols that are needed to support electronic commerce
more efficiently and effectively. The development of a Multimedia Framework (MPEG-21) by the joint ISO/IEC
Moving Picture Expert Group is the most recent, and perhaps the most far-reaching of such initiatives.
As one element of the new multimedia infrastructure, standardized mechanisms for the identification and
description of digital items are becoming increasingly important as a means of supporting content-related
business transactions on a cross-sectoral and global basis. Within the publishing and sound recording
industries, standard identifiers have been used for decades as a means of facilitating product distribution and
remuneration. With the transition to networked delivery of digital content, there is a growing need for efficient
and reliable mechanisms for identifying not only the product as such, but the intellectual property embodied in
the product as well. Standard identifiers play an increasingly important role in facilitating and tracking a
multitude of transactions conducted throughout the lifecycle of a digital item and across the spectrum of the
supply chain. As a result, issues relating to integrity, scalability and flexibility in the design of standard
identifiers take on new importance, and “interoperability” becomes a key consideration.
From a business perspective, the interest of the content industries in networking infrastructure stems primarily
from a recognition of the essential role that infrastructure will play in future exploitation of market potential.
Digital item identification and description will serve as key elements of that infrastructure, and will form an
integral part of the technology that will support efficient business transactions and protect commercial rights
and interests in a networked environment.
From an operational perspective, the effective design and application of standards for digital item identification
and description will be critical for the support of activities throughout the supply chain, from content creation
and production through to distribution and the tracking of usage. To be fully effective in a multimedia
environment, digital item identifiers and descriptions will have to function on an all-inclusive scale. They will
have to encompass a broader range of content than they do currently; they will have to differentiate between
product and property; and they will have to be applied at multiple levels of aggregation and decomposition.
Scalability and flexibility will be essential. Above all, digital item identifiers and descriptions will have to
function in a multifaceted, cross-sectoral environment where interoperability is critical.
This Technical Report was developed to provide the content industries with a shared frame of reference for
describing the nature of the business and information transactions that take place between and among them
in the course of production, distribution, and rights management, and a structured statement of requirements
to guide the further development of identification and description schema in support of those functions.
TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 21449:2004(E)
Content Delivery and Rights Management — Functional
requirements for identifiers and descriptors for use in the
music, film, video, sound recording and publishing industries
1 Scope
The business and information architectures outlined in this Technical Report are designed specifically to assist
organizations involved in the development and administration of identification and description schemas for
intellectual content and products in understanding the relationships between their organizations and other
content industry players involved in production, distribution, and rights management. This Technical Report
does not preclude the possibility of other perspectives on the same environments or other business and
information architectures designed to serve other purposes.
The functional requirements for identifiers and descriptors set out in this Technical Report are centred on
intra- and inter-industry business transactions relating to production, distribution, and rights management in
the content industries (i.e., the music, film, video, sound recording and publishing industries).
The information model presented in this Technical Report is focussed specifically on the requirements of the
originators, producers, distributors, registration authorities, and rights administrators involved in the
development and delivery of intellectual and artistic content. It does not reflect business functions such as
marketing and archiving, nor does it directly reflect transactions between secondary service providers such as
libraries, archives and museums.
2 Approach
This analysis of functional requirements for identifiers and descriptors, for use in the content industries, is set
out in four segments.
The first segment defines a conceptual business architecture that identifies the functions performed by
individuals and organizations involved in the production and distribution of intellectual or artistic content and
the management of rights associated with that content, and highlights the key business relationships between
those functions. The conceptual business architecture provides a perspective on the business environment
designed specifically to assist the organizations responsible for the development and administration of
identification and description schemas for intellectual content and products in understanding the relationships
between their organizations and other content industry players involved in production, distribution, and rights
management. Details of the conceptual business architecture are documented in Clause 4.
The second segment defines an information architecture that provides a structured representation of, and
definitions f
...
RAPPORT ISO/TR
TECHNIQUE 21449
Première édition
2004-10-01
Mise à disposition de contenus et gestion
de droits — Spécifications fonctionnelles
des identificateurs et descripteurs à
l'usage des industries musicales,
cinématographiques, vidéographiques,
phonographiques et de l'édition
Content Delivery and Rights Management — Functional requirements
for identifiers and descriptors for use in the music, film, video, sound
recording and publishing industries
Numéro de référence
©
ISO 2004
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veuillez en informer le Secrétariat central à l'adresse donnée ci-dessous.
© ISO 2004
Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf prescription différente, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous
quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit
de l'ISO à l'adresse ci-après ou du comité membre de l'ISO dans le pays du demandeur.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax. + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Publié en Suisse
ii © ISO 2004 – Tous droits réservés
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos. iv
Introduction . v
1 Domaine d'application. 1
2 Approche. 1
3 Conventions de représentation graphique.2
4 Architecture conceptuelle du domaine d'activité . 2
5 Architecture de l'information . 5
6 Attributs et relations. 11
7 Transactions Utilisateur . 12
Annexe A Tableaux des entités, leurs attributs et relations. 28
Bibliographie . 48
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes nationaux de
normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est en général confiée
aux comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire partie du
comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non
gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux. L'ISO collabore étroitement avec
la Commission électrotechnique internationale (CEI) en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les Normes internationales sont rédigées conformément aux règles données dans les Directives ISO/CEI,
Partie 2.
La tâche principale des comités techniques est d'élaborer les Normes internationales. Les projets de Normes
internationales adoptés par les comités techniques sont soumis aux comités membres pour vote. Leur
publication comme Normes internationales requiert l'approbation de 75 % au moins des comités membres
votants.
Exceptionnellement, lorsqu'un comité technique a réuni des données de nature différente de celles qui sont
normalement publiées comme Normes internationales (ceci pouvant comprendre des informations sur l'état
de la technique par exemple), il peut décider, à la majorité simple de ses membres, de publier un Rapport
technique. Les Rapports techniques sont de nature purement informative et ne doivent pas nécessairement
être révisés avant que les données fournies ne soient plus jugées valables ou utiles.
L'attention est appelée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l'objet de
droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L'ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne
pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence.
L'ISO/TR 21449 a été élaboré par le comité technique ISO/TC 46, Information et documentation, sous-comité
SC 9, Identification et description.
iv © ISO 2004 – Tous droits réservés
Introduction
Le présent Rapport technique a été préparé par Tom Delsey pour les organisations responsables pour
l'administration des systèmes et projets d'identification élaborés par l’ISO/TC 46, SC 9.
Les progrès récents de la technologie numérique ont provoqué d'importants changements dans les industries
musicales, cinématographiques, vidéographiques, phonographiques et de l'édition. Ces industries dites des
"contenus" ont toutes activement entrepris d'adapter leurs modes de production et de distribution pour intégrer
les nouvelles technologies dans la création, le stockage et la communication de l'information. Les principaux
acteurs de l'industrie ont eux-mêmes redéfini leur rôle non seulement face à leurs concurrents traditionnels,
mais aussi face à de nouveaux venus dans le secteur qui, nombreux, ont émergé d'autres industries pour
aborder les secteurs plus larges de l'information et de la communication. Les nouvelles technologies et un
nouvel environnement concurrentiel poussent les industries à franchir résolument les frontières de leur
secteur et à développer de nouveaux modèles d'activité afin de préserver et de renforcer leurs positions
respectives sur le marché.
Dans ce nouvel environnement technologique et commercial, l'infrastructure est devenue un facteur clé de
positionnement stratégique. Il ne suffit plus d'avoir, sur place, une infrastructure établie pour fonder une
industrie particulière; de plus en plus, toutes les industries du secteur de l'information et de la communication
s'appuient sur une infrastructure technologique transsectorielle et, en réalité, globale dans le programme
comme dans le domaine d'application. Dans ce contexte, la normalisation devient une question d'une portée
accrue. Dans les industries de contenu, la reconnaissance grandissante de l'importance stratégique de la
normalisation ressort du nombre croissant d'initiatives internes à une industrie ou transsectorielles visant à
élaborer les modèles, les normes et les protocoles nécessaires pour donner au commerce électronique des
bases plus sûres et plus efficaces. L'élaboration d'une structuration multimédia (MPEG-21) par le comité
mixte ISO/CEI «Moving Picture Expert Group» au sein du groupe d’experts de l’image animée est la plus
récente de ces initiatives, et peut-être celle qui va le plus loin.
Parmi les éléments d'une nouvelle infrastructure multimédia, les mécanismes normalisés d'identification et de
description des objets numériques croissent en importance comme moyens d'appuyer les transactions
commerciales de contenus sur une base globale et transsectorielle. Dans les industries de l'édition et de la
production phonographique, des identificateurs normalisés sont utilisés depuis des décennies pour faciliter la
distribution des produits et la rémunération. Avec le passage à la diffusion de contenus numériques sur des
réseaux, on constate un besoin croissant de disposer de mécanismes efficaces et fiables pour identifier non
seulement les produits en tant que tels, mais aussi la propriété intellectuelle incorporée à ces produits. Les
identificateurs normalisés jouent un rôle sans cesse de plus en plus important dans le processus de
facilitation et de pistage d'une multitude de transactions qui surviennent tout au long du cycle de vie d'un objet
numérique et à chaque étape de la chaîne de sa mise à disposition. En conséquence, les questions touchant
à l'intégrité, à la modularité et la souplesse du profil des identificateurs normalisés prennent une importance
nouvelle, et "l'interopérabilité" devient une notion clé.
D'un point de vue commercial, l'intérêt porté à une infrastructure de communication en réseau par les
industries de contenu résulte principalement d'une reconnaissance du rôle essentiel que cette infrastructure
va jouer dans l'exploitation future des potentiels marchands. L'identification et la description des objets
numériques occupera une des positions clés de cette infrastructure et s'insérera à part entière dans la
technologie qui garantira efficacement les transactions d'activité et protégera les droits et les intérêts
commerciaux dans un environnement en réseau.
D'un point de vue opérationnel, la construction et l'application de normes performantes pour l'identification et
la description des objets numériques seront une base déterminante des activités de l'ensemble de la chaîne
de fourniture, depuis la création du contenu et la production jusqu'à la distribution et le pistage de son
utilisation. Pour être pleinement efficace dans un environnement multimédia, les identificateurs et les
descriptions d'objets numériques devront fonctionner à tous les niveaux de l’échelle. Ils devront englober un
plus large éventail de contenus qu'ils ne le font actuellement; ils devront faire la différence entre produit et
bien; et ils devront être applicables à de multiples niveaux d'agrégation et de décomposition. Modularité et
souplesse seront essentielles. Par dessus tout, les identificateurs et les descriptions d'objets numériques
devront fonctionner dans un environnement à multiples facettes et transsectoriel où l'interopérabilité est un
point décisif.
Le présent Rapport technique vise à fournir aux industries de contenu un cadre commun de référence pour
décrire la nature des transactions de commerce et d'information qui ont lieu entre elles et en leur sein au long
du processus de production, de distribution et de gestion des droits, ainsi qu'un relevé structuré des
exigences qui serviront de guide à l'élaboration des schémas pour l'identification et la description en soutien à
ces fonctions.
vi © ISO 2004 – Tous droits réservés
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE ISO/TR 21449:2004(F)
Mise à disposition de contenus et gestion de droits —
Spécifications fonctionnelles des identificateurs et descripteurs
à l'usage des industries musicales, cinématographiques,
vidéographiques, phonographiques et de l'édition
1 Domaine d'application
L'architecture conceptuelle du domaine d'activité et l'architecture de l'information exposées dans le présent
Rapport technique sont destinées spécialement à aider les organismes responsables de l'élaboration et de
l'administration des schémas d'identification et de description du contenu intellectuel et des produits à
comprendre les relations entre leur organisme et les autres acteurs de l'industrie de contenu impliqués dans la
production, la distribution et la gestion des droits. Le présent Rapport technique n'exclut pas l'éventualité
d'aperçus différents sur ces mêmes environnements ou d'autres architectures du secteur d'activité et de
l'information établies pour répondre à d'autres objectifs.
Les spécifications fonctionnelles des identificateurs et descripteurs exposées dans le présent Rapport
technique sont centrées sur les transactions d'activité des industries, en interne ou entre elles, relatives à la
production, à la distribution et à la gestion des droits dans les industries de contenu (c'est-à-dire les industries
musicales, cinématographiques, vidéographies, phonographiques et d'édition).
Le modèle de l'information présenté dans le présent Rapport technique se concentre en particulier sur les
spécifications des initiateurs, producteurs, diffuseurs/distributeurs, agences d'enregistrement et
administrateurs de droits, impliqués dans l'élaboration et la communication de contenus intellectuels et
artistiques. Il ne reflète pas des fonctions d'activités comme le commerce ou l'archivage; ils ne reflète pas non
plus directement les transactions entre fournisseurs de services secondaires comme les bibliothèques, les
archives et les musées.
2 Approche
Cette analyse des spécifications fonctionnelles pour des identificateurs et des descripteurs à l'usage des
industries de contenu est exposé en quatre parties.
La première partie définit une architecture conceptuelle du secteur d'activité qui identifie les fonctions
exercées par les personnes et les organismes impliqués dans la production et la distribution de contenus
intellectuels ou artistiques et par la gestion des droits associés à ces contenus, et met en lumière les relations
d'activité clés entre ces fonctions. L'architecture conceptuelle du secteur d'activité donne un aperçu de
l'environnement du secteur d'activité spécialement destiné à aider les organismes responsables de
l'élaboration et de l'administration des schémas
...
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