SIST EN ISO 35103:2019

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2019
Industrija za predelavo nafte in zemeljskega plina - Obratovanje v arktičnem okolju
- Okoljsko nadzorovanje (ISO 35103:2017)
Petroleum and natural gas industries - Arctic operations - Environmental monitoring (ISO
35103:2017)
Erdöl- und Erdgasindustrie - Arktisbetrieb - Überwachung der Umgebung (ISO
35103:2017)
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel - Opérations en Arctique - Surveillance de
l'environnement (ISO 35103:2017)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 35103:2019
ICS:
19.040 Preskušanje v zvezi z Environmental testing
okoljem
75.020 Pridobivanje in predelava Extraction and processing of
nafte in zemeljskega plina petroleum and natural gas
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO 35103
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
October 2019
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 75.020
English Version
Petroleum and natural gas industries - Arctic operations -
Environmental monitoring (ISO 35103:2017)
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel - Opérations en Erdöl- und Erdgasindustrie - Arktisbetrieb -
Arctique - Surveillance de l'environnement (ISO Überwachung der Umgebung (ISO 35103:2017)
35103:2017)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 September 2019.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 35103:2019 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3

European foreword
The text of ISO 35103:2017 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67 "Materials,
equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries” of the
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 35103:2019 by
Technical Committee CEN/TC 12 “Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum,
petrochemical and natural gas industries” the secretariat of which is held by NEN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2020, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by April 2020.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 35103:2017 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 35103:2019 without any modification.

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 35103
First edition
2017-12
Petroleum and natural gas
industries — Arctic operations —
Environmental monitoring
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel — Opérations en Arctique -
Surveillance de l'environnement
Reference number
ISO 35103:2017(E)
©
ISO 2017
ISO 35103:2017(E)
© ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
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Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

ISO 35103:2017(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviated terms . 5
5 General requirements for environmental monitoring . 6
5.1 Application of ISO management system standards . 6
5.2 Objectives of environmental monitoring . 6
5.3 Specification for monitoring . 6
5.4 Planning a monitoring programme . 7
5.4.1 Programme specification . 7
5.4.2 Programme adjustment . 8
5.4.3 Action on non-compliance . 8
5.5 Spatial scales . 8
5.5.1 General. 8
5.5.2 Near-field . . 8
5.5.3 Far-field . . . 8
5.5.4 Regional . 8
5.5.5 Transboundary . 8
5.6 Temporal scales . 8
5.6.1 Design . 8
5.6.2 Variation in environmental aspects . 9
5.6.3 Natural fluctuations . 9
5.7 Environmental aspects . 9
5.7.1 Types of environmental aspects . 9
5.7.2 Normal, abnormal and emergency conditions . 9
5.7.3 Control aspect in response to monitoring .10
5.8 Environments and components .10
5.9 Baseline conditions .10
5.10 Parameters .10
5.10.1 Selection of parameters .10
5.10.2 Accuracy .10
5.10.3 Detection limits .11
5.10.4 Units and other specifications .11
5.10.5 Physical parameters .11
5.10.6 Chemical parameters .11
5.10.7 Biological parameters . .11
5.10.8 Associated measurements .12
5.10.9 Position fixing .12
5.11 Modelling .12
5.12 Sampling .13
5.13 Analytical methods .13
5.14 Toxicity tests .13
5.15 Statistical methods .13
5.16 Costs of monitoring .13
5.17 Environmental monitoring report .13
6 Factors to be considered for Arctic offshore environments .14
6.1 Characteristics of the Arctic .14
6.2 Polar location .14
6.2.1 Remoteness .14
6.2.2 Positioning .14
ISO 35103:2017(E)
6.2.3 Day/night cycle .14
6.3 Low temperatures .14
6.4 Seasonal characteristics .15
6.5 Ice environments.15
6.6 Endemic species .15
6.6.1 General.15
6.6.2 Identification .16
6.6.3 Ice flora and fauna .16
6.7 Human communities .16
6.7.1 General.16
6.7.2 Indigenous peoples .16
6.7.3 Local and traditional knowledge .16
7 Monitoring requirements for offshore oil and gas sector in the Arctic .16
7.1 General .16
7.2 Offshore life cycle phases .16
7.3 Offshore environmental monitoring programme design .17
7.3.1 Objectives of offshore environmental monitoring .17
7.3.2 General aspects of environmental monitoring programme .17
7.3.3 Offshore environmental aspect and environmental impact identification .17
7.3.4 Sampling and analysis .18
7.3.5 Reference sampling .18
7.3.6 Near-field sampling .19
7.3.7 Far-field sampling .19
7.3.8 Regional sampling .20
7.3.9 Field specific stations.20
7.3.10 Marine toxicity testing .20
7.4 Environmental monitoring programme implementation .20
7.4.1 Pre-development .20
7.4.2 Exploration .21
7.4.3 Construction and commissioning.22
7.4.4 Production phase . .22
7.4.5 Decommissioning and facility removal .23
7.4.6 Site restoration .23
7.4.7 Logistics, air and sea transport and accommodation .23
7.4.8 Monitoring during emergency conditions .24
Bibliography .25
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ISO 35103:2017(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Materials, equipment and offshore
structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries, Subcommittee SC 8, Arctic operations.
ISO 35103:2017(E)
Introduction
General
This document has been developed in order to promote internationally agreed approaches to
environmental monitoring of oil and gas operations in Arctic offshore environments. The monitoring
of onshore environments is not included in this document, except where relevant to an offshore
development.
Environmental monitoring
Environmental monitoring includes:
a) monitoring of environmental aspects for normal, abnormal and emergency conditions:
The environmental aspects of an organization under all conditions are determined by its
environmental management system (EMS) procedures and can include:
1) emissions to air;
2) releases to water;
3) releases to land;
4) use of raw materials and natural resources, including physical presence of facilities;
5) use of energy;
6) energy emitted, including heat, radiation, vibration, noise and light;
7) generation of waste and/or by-products;
8) environmental aspects with beneficial impact;
b) monitoring of environmental impacts:
Environmental impacts can occur at local, regional and global scales, while they can also be direct,
indirect or cumulative.
The relationship between environmental aspects and environmental impacts is one of cause and effect.
Within the scope of this document, the environment includes all relevant physical, chemical and
biological components of the sea, atmosphere and land, where the latter is potentially impacted by an
offshore development. When an organization determines the scope of its environmental impact, the
need to protect the following attributes is considered:
— human beings and cultural heritage;
— fauna and flora;
— soil, water, air and climate;
— material assets (such as existing pipelines and cables, shipping routes, seabed resources and
resource extraction facilities).
There are no existing internationally agreed standards for environmental monitoring; neither are there
such standards for marine environmental monitoring although there is a considerable body of guidance
documents.
This document presents sufficient information to guide organizations towards relevant monitoring
methods for use in the Arctic.
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ISO 35103:2017(E)
The special conditions of the Arctic will require organizations to modify their monitoring methods to
suit the conditions encountered.
General marine monitoring methods can be adapted by the oil and gas sector to meet the needs of its
Arctic maritime locations, its development phases, facility types and operations, their environmental
aspects and their impacts upon the marine environment.
Relationship of this document to ISO 14001, ISO 9001 and other standards
The organizations that have implemented ISO 14001 or ISO 9001 already apply the elements of
monitoring, measurement, analysis and improvement to their (environmental) monitoring processes.
Additional standards that apply to environmental monitoring include laboratory standards, specific
guides on sediment, water and air quality monitoring, and recommended practices for species
identification; the use of agreed statistical methods is essential.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 35103:2017(E)
Petroleum and natural gas industries — Arctic operations
— Environmental monitoring
1 Scope
This document gives requirements, specifications and guidelines to ensure that environmental
monitoring in the offshore Arctic region is fit for purpose. The Arctic region includes the territory lying
to the North of the Arctic Circle (Latitude 66°33′45.8″). This document can be applied to sub-Arctic
locations which experience Arctic-like conditions and contain relevant components of a cold-climate
ecosystem.
This document is applicable to all Arctic oil and gas operations from licence block acquisition through
exploration, engineering design, construction, commissioning, operation, decommissioning and
restoration. It covers the offshore or maritime environment, including for the purposes of this document,
the fully marine and estuarine waters of the Arctic, whether frozen or ice-free. The environment
includes all relevant physical, chemical and biological components. Monitoring methods for onshore
(terrestrial) environments are not covered in this document, although onshore environments are
included where monitoring is required at onshore locations in relation to an offshore development.
This document covers both monitoring of environmental aspects for normal, abnormal and emergency
conditions, and monitoring of environmental impacts. It includes monitoring in near-field, far-field,
transboundary and regional scales, but does not include global environmental monitoring.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories
ISO/TS 20281, Water quality — Guidance on statistical interpretation of ecotoxicity data
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
3.1 Risk
3.1.1
accident
unplanned event that resulted in injury or ill health of people, or damage or loss to property, plant,
materials or the environment or a loss of business opportunity
ISO 35103:2017(E)
3.1.2
emergency
unplanned event that has caused injury, loss or damage or that is an actual or potential threat to
human life, the environment or the installation and has made it necessary to deviate from the planned
operation or suspend the use of standard operating procedures
3.1.3
hazard
physical situation with a potential for causing human injury, damage to property, negative effects on
the environment or a combination of these
3.1.4
hazard identification
process of recognizing that a hazard (3.1.3) exists or has the potential to exist and defining its
characteristics
3.1.5
incident
event or chain of events which has caused or could have caused injury, illness, and/or damage (loss) to
assets, the environment or third parties
[SOURCE: OGP Glossary of HSE Terms]
3.1.6
risk
product of the chance that a specified undesired event will occur and the severity of the consequences
of this event
Note 1 to entry: Also defined as the measure of the likelihood of occurrence of an undesirable event and of the
potentially adverse consequences which this event can have upon people, the environment or economic resources.
[SOURCE: OGP Glossary of HSE Terms]
3.1.7
risk assessment
whole process of risk (3.1.6) analysis and the evaluation of the results of the risk analysis against
technological and/or economic, social and political criteria
[SOURCE: OGP Glossary of HSE Terms]
3.2 Geography
3.2.1
Arctic
territory lying to the North of the Arctic Circle (Latitude 66°33′45.8″)
3.2.2
region
delimited area of the continental shelf defined by geographical coordinates
3.3 Survey
3.3.1
baseline survey
environmental survey of an area or locality to obtain information on its physical, chemical and/or
biological status before a new activity starts
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ISO 35103:2017(E)
3.3.2
grid
design used to determine locations for the sampling stations if the position of the oil/gas field has not yet
been established or if obstacles on the seabed make it impossible to use a radial transect (3.3.4) design
[SOURCE: Norwegian Environment Agency. Environmental monitoring of petroleum activities on the
Norwegian continental shelf. M408, 2015]
3.3.3
transect
straight line through a natural feature along which observations are made or measurements taken
3.3.4
radial transect
design consisting of two axes placed perpendicular to one another with an offshore installation at the
origin and the main axis in the prevailing direction of current flow
3.3.5
remotely operated vehicle
remotely controlled underwater vehicle carrying a video camera, which is often equipped with sonar,
sensors, a manipulator and sampling devices
3.3.6
water column
marine environment from the water surface to the surface of the sediment
3.3.7
pelagic
relating to the marine water column (3.3.6)
3.4 Biology
3.4.1
benthic
relating to the marine zone on, within or near the seabed
3.4.2
biota
living organisms in a given location
3.4.3
epifauna
animals that live on a surface, such as the sea floor, other organisms, or objects, or an ice surface
3.4.4
epiflora
plants that live on a surface, such as the sea floor, other organisms, or object, or an ice surface
3.4.5
macrofauna
organisms larger than 1,0 mm (i.e. that are retained on a 1,0 mm sieve)
3.4.6
meiofauna
organisms smaller than macrofauna (3.4.5), but larger than microfauna (3.4.7)
Note 1 to entry: Meiofauna generally refers to specific groups of organisms (foraminifera, nematodes,
harpacticoid copepods, etc.).
ISO 35103:2017(E)
3.4.7
microfauna
microscopic animals
3.4.8
plankton
organisms that spend all or part of their life cycle floating or drifting in the water and that have little or
no independent mobility
Note 1 to entry: Plankton comprises plants (phytoplankton) and animals (zooplankton), and includes seasonally
the juvenile stages of larger marine animals.
3.5 Oil and gas
3.5.1
drill cutting
rock piece dislodged during drilling
Note 1 to entry: Drill cuttings from offshore wells contaminated with adhering residual drilling fluid are often
discharged to sea. Drilling fluid is a mixture of liquids and solids pumped into a borehole during drilling for the
purpose of cooling and lubricating the drill string, transporting drill cuttings to surface, maintaining borehole
stability and preventing hydrocarbon influx.
3.5.2
produced water
water (generally brine) brought up from the hydrocarbon-bearing strata during the extraction of oil
and gas, including formation water, injection water, and any chemicals added downhole or during the
oil/water separation process
[SOURCE: IOGP Environmental Performance Indicators — 2014 data]
3.6 Environment
3.6.1
background level
concentration of selected parameters (hydrocarbons, metals, radioactive substances, etc.) that provide
a level as close as possible to the natural concentrations in the area and to determine natural conditions
and a level prior to project activities
Note 1 to entry: Background level can include existing anthropogenic contamination.
[SOURCE: Fishery Harbour Manual on the Prevention of Pollution — Bay of Bengal Programme, Food
and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Fisheries & Aquacultures Department, 1999]
3.6.2
environmental aspect
element of an organization's activities or products or services that interacts or can interact with the
environment
[SOURCE: ISO 14001:2015, 3.2.2, modified – notes to entry have been omitted.]
3.6.3
environmental impact
change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an
organization’s environmental aspects (3.6.2)
[SOURCE: ISO 14001:2015, 3.2.4]
3.6.4
environmental impact assessment
tool used to identify the environmental impacts (3.6.3) of a project prior to decision-making
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ISO 35103:2017(E)
3.6.5
monitoring
systematic measurement of variables over time to establish their current state and variation as well as
a baseline
3.6.6
strategic environmental assessment
systematic process for evaluating the environmental consequences of a proposed policy, plan or
programme initiative in order to ensure they are fully included and appropriately addressed at the
earliest appropriate stage of decision-making on par with economic and social considerations
Note 1 to entry: The SEA processes and objectives are framed by the SEA Protocol to the UN Convention on
environmental impact (3.6.3) assessment in the transboundary context (the Espoo Convention).
4 Abbreviated terms
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
AUV autonomous underwater vehicle
EIA environmental impact assessment
EMP environmental monitoring programme
EMS environmental management system
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization (of the United Nations)
GOST Gosudarstvennyy standart, technical standards maintained by the Euro-Asian Council for
Standardization, Metrology and Certification (EASC), a regional standards organization
operating under the auspices of the Commonwealth of Independent States
ICES International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
IOGP International Association of Oil and Gas Producers
JAMP Joint Assessment and Monitoring Programme (of OSPAR)
NS Norwegian Standard
OGP International Association of Oil and Gas Producers (now IOGP)
OSPAR Oslo and Paris Commission
ROV remotely operated vehicle
SEA strategic environmental assessment
USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency
WMO World Meteorological Organization
ISO 35103:2017(E)
5 General requirements for environmental monitoring
5.1 Application of ISO management system standards
The organization shall document their environmental monitoring and compliance methods. For this
purpose, the organization can use ISO 14001 that sets out requirements to enable organizations to
manage their environmental aspects and associated impacts.
NOTE The general requirements for environmental monitoring are described in ISO 14001:2015, 9.1.1
(monitoring, measurement, analysis and evaluation) and in ISO 14001:2015, 9.1.2 (evaluation of compliance).
ISO 14031 provides guidance for organizations in environmental performance evaluation, including the
use of indicators, which can also be applied to environmental monitoring results.
5.2 Objectives of environmental monitoring
The objectives of environmental monitoring can include one or more of the following:
— assessing compliance with regulatory requirements;
— providing data against which short- and long-term environmental impacts can be determined;
— tracking the performance of a project or operation and the effectiveness of control, mitigation or
remediation measures;
— verifying those environmental impacts predicted in the EIA;
— alerting operators to take remedial action, if unforeseen or unacceptable impacts arise;
— providing data to facilitate environmental audit of an organization or facility.
The objectives of an EMP shall be agreed with relevant parties and shall be clearly stated in the
programme description. The objectives may vary depending upon those organizations that have an
influence on the monitoring programme content.
5.3 Specification for monitoring
Monitoring requirements can be decided by:
— supervisory bodies;
— oil and gas operating companies;
— lenders;
— investors.
Monitoring requirements can be influenced by:
— joint venture partners;
— local communities;
— non-governmental organizations;
— research institutes.
The supervisory body normally presents monitoring requirements in statutory documents including
licences, permits, consents, authorizations and their associated conditions. Monitoring requirements
can also be presented in the EIA submitted to the supervisory body.
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ISO 35103:2017(E)
The organization can have its own monitoring requirements in addition to those of the supervisory
body. Similarly, joint venture partners can influence the operating company to include specific
monitoring requirements.
The investment and insurance sectors can require monitoring and reporting as part of their
environmental and social safeguard principles, and as a condition of their loan agreements.
Formal agreements can be made with or on behalf of:
— local residents;
— government bodies;
— environmental non-governmental organizations;
— organizations with commercial or other interests in the location of operations.
Local communities and other interested parties that can be affected by proposed activities can
participate in the design and implementation of monitoring activities, the scope of which can be broader
than environmental monitoring, including, for example, relevant social and health issues.
The organization shall consider all environmental monitoring requirements in its EMP.
5.4 Planning a monitoring programme
5.4.1 Programme specification
The EMP shall be managed as part of the environmental or quality management system of the
organization. The EMP shall be prepared by the organization’s experts under the authority of the
appropriate manager.
The EMP shall specify:
a) monitoring objectives;
b) requirements of the programme specified by the regulators, the organization (e.g. in an EIA) or
other parties including the limits to be achieved (e.g. volumes or concentrations);
c) monitoring methods;
d) facilities to which it applies and a description of the activities that could cause environmental impact;
e) geographical location to which it applies;
f) duration and geographical extent of monitoring;
g) environmental components within the scope (e.g. water, air, sediment, flora and fauna) and
indicator variables within each component;
h) sampling requirements and analytical methods, including statistical requirements, for
environmental aspects and environmental impacts, and including details on frequency of sampling
and sample size needed to meet study objectives, as well as on preservation and storage of samples
and other quality assurance requirements;
i) controlled parameters (aspects) and regularity of monitoring thereof;
j) location of monitoring stations;
k) supporting information to be collected (e.g. meteorological, hydrographical or hydrological data);
l) reporting requirements;
m) competence requirements for personnel involved in all parts of the monitoring programme.
ISO 35103:2017(E)
Where specialized contractor companies are to be employed for monitoring, information shall be
specified to enable the contractor to conduct the sampling and analysis to the standard required.
5.4.2 Programme adjustment
The EMP may be amended in terms of sampling frequency and extent in the event that results indicate
the need for more or less frequent sampling or the need for a wider or more limited sampling extent,
provided the objectives and regulatory requirements for the programme can still be met in full.
5.4.3 Action on non-compliance
The EMP shall make reference to the organization’s EMS procedures for non-compliance with regulatory
or other limits.
5.5 Spatial scales
5.5.1 General
Environmental monitoring can be conducted on a number of scales, namely near-field, far-field, regional
or transboundary scale.
5.5.2 Near-field
The near-field scale shall be considered to include the area adjacent to a facility, in which environmental
impacts are measurable in excess of background levels. Within this location, there is a mixing zone for
emissions and discharges where initial dilution takes place.
5.5.3 Far-field
The far-field scale shall be considered to include locations away from the immediate vicinity of a facility
to which emissions or discharges can be disp
...