SIST EN ISO 13732-3:2008

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 13732-3:2008
01-december-2008
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SIST EN ISO 13732-3:2006
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Ergonomics of the thermal environment - Methods for the assessment of human
responses to contact with surfaces - Part 3: Cold surfaces (ISO 13732-3:2005)
Ergonomie der thermischen Umgebung - Bewertungsmethoden für Reaktionen des
Menschen bei Kontakt mit Oberflächen - Teil 3: Kalte Oberflächen (ISO 13732-3:2005)
Ergonomie des ambiances thermiques - Méthodes d'évaluation de la réponse humaine
au contact avec des surfaces - Partie 3: Surfaces froides (ISO 13732-3:2005)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 13732-3:2008
ICS:
13.180 Ergonomija Ergonomics
SIST EN ISO 13732-3:2008 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN ISO 13732-3:2008

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SIST EN ISO 13732-3:2008
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 13732-3
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
September 2008
ICS 13.180 Supersedes EN ISO 13732-3:2005
English Version
Ergonomics of the thermal environment - Methods for the
assessment of human responses to contact with surfaces - Part
3: Cold surfaces (ISO 13732-3:2005)
Ergonomie des ambiances thermiques - Méthodes Ergonomie der thermischen Umgebung -
d'évaluation de la réponse humaine au contact avec des Bewertungsmethoden für Reaktionen des Menschen bei
surfaces - Partie 3: Surfaces froides (ISO 13732-3:2005) Kontakt mit Oberflächen - Teil 3: Kalte Oberflächen (ISO
13732-3:2005)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 August 2008.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 13732-3:2008: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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SIST EN ISO 13732-3:2008
EN ISO 13732-3:2008 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword.3
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC .4
Annex ZB (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC .5

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SIST EN ISO 13732-3:2008
EN ISO 13732-3:2008 (E)
Foreword
The text of ISO 13732-3:2005 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159 “Ergonomics” of the
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 13732-3:2008 by
Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics” the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by December 2009.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 13732-3:2005.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EC Directive(s).
For relationship with EC Directive(s), see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral part of this
document.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 13732-3:2005 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 13732-3:2008 without any
modification.
3

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SIST EN ISO 13732-3:2008
EN ISO 13732-3:2008 (E)
Annex ZA
(informative)

Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission
and the European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to Essential Requirements of the
New Approach Directive 98/37/EC on machinery, amended by 98/79/EC.
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Communities under that Directive and has
been implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the normative
clauses of this standard given in Table ZA.1 confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a
presumption of conformity with the relevant Essential Requirements of that Directive and associated EFTA
regulations.
Table ZA.1 — Correspondence between this European Standard and Directive 98/37/EC,
amended by 98/79/EC
Clause(s)/sub-clause(s) of this EN Essential Requirements (ERs) Qualifying remarks/Notes
of Directive 98/37/EC, amended
by 98/79/EC
Clauses 4 to 8 1.1.5, 1.5.5, 1.7.2 -

WARNING — Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within
the scope of this standard.

4

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SIST EN ISO 13732-3:2008
EN ISO 13732-3:2008 (E)
Annex ZB
(informative)

Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission
and the European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to Essential Requirements of the
New Approach Directive 2006/42/EC on machinery.
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Communities under that Directive and has
been implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the normative
clauses of this standard given in Table ZB.1 confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a
presumption of conformity with the relevant Essential Requirements of that Directive and associated EFTA
regulations.
Table ZB.1 — Correspondence between this European Standard and Directive 2006/42/EC
Clause(s)/sub-clause(s) of this EN Essential Requirements (ERs) Qualifying remarks/Notes
of Directive 2006/42/EC
All clauses Annex I: 1.1.6, 1.5.5, 1.7.2 -

WARNING — Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within
the scope of this standard.

5

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SIST EN ISO 13732-3:2008

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SIST EN ISO 13732-3:2008


INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 13732-3
First edition
2005-12-01

Ergonomics of the thermal
environment — Methods for the
assessment of human responses to
contact with surfaces —
Part 3:
Cold surfaces
Ergonomie des ambiances thermiques — Méthodes d'évaluation de la
réponse humaine au contact avec des surfaces —
Partie 3: Surfaces froides




Reference number
ISO 13732-3:2005(E)
©
ISO 2005

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SIST EN ISO 13732-3:2008
ISO 13732-3:2005(E)
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ii © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 13732-3:2008
ISO 13732-3:2005(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 13732-3 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) in collaboration with
Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 5, Ergonomics of the physical
environment, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna
Agreement).
Throughout the text of this document, read “.this European Standard.” to mean “.this International
Standard.”.
ISO 13732 consists of the following parts, under the general title Ergonomics of the thermal environment —
Methods for the assessment of human responses to contact with surfaces:
⎯ Part 1: Hot surfaces
⎯ Part 2: Human contact with surfaces at moderate temperature [Technical Specification]
⎯ Part 3: Cold surfaces
For the purposes of this part of ISO 13732, the CEN annex regarding fulfilment of European Council
Directives has been removed.

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SIST EN ISO 13732-3:2008
ISO 13732-3:2005(E)


Contents
page
Foreword.v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope .1
2 Normative references .1
3 Terms and definitions .1
4 Principles for risk assessment.2
5 Threshold data .4
6 Risk assessment.9
7 Principles for establishing limit values .10
8 Principles for measures to minimize the risk .11
Annex A (informative)  Scientific background.12
Annex B (informative)  Extension of application.14
Annex C (informative)  Thermal properties of selected materials.15
Annex D (informative)  Examples of cold risk assessment .16
Annex E (informative)  Protective measures .19
Bibliography .20

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SIST EN ISO 13732-3:2008
ISO 13732-3:2005(E)

Foreword
This document (EN ISO 13732-3:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics”,
the secretariat of which is held by DIN, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 159 “Ergonomics”.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
by endorsement, at the latest by June 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by
June 2006.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European
Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directives.
EN ISO 13732 consists of the following parts, under the general title "Ergonomics of the thermal environment -
1)
Methods for the assessment of human responses to contact with surfaces" :
 Part 1: Hot surfaces;
 Part 3: Cold surfaces.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.



1)
Part 2: has been published as ISO Technical specification ISO/TS 13732-2:2001 Human contact with surfaces at moderate

temperature.
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SIST EN ISO 13732-3:2008
ISO 13732-3:2005(E)

Introduction
This European Standard is a type B standard as stated in EN ISO 12100. The provisions of this document may be
supplemented or modified by a type C standard.
NOTE For machines which are covered by the scope of a type C standard and which have been designed and built
according to the provisions of that standard, the provisions of that type C standard take precedence over the provisions of this
type B standard.
Working with unprotected hands is often inevitable in the cold operation when a precision task is demanded.
However the contact of bare skin with cold surfaces reduces skin temperature, causing acute effects such as
discomfort, pain, numbness or frostbite. In addition repeated cold exposures with severe cooling of the skin may
induce non-freezing cold injury (possible damage of nerves or vessels). Although the existing international
standards are at hand for the assessment of the cold hazards involved, no standard concerns the special problems
of contacting cold surfaces so far. Assessment of contact cooling is thus considered necessary.
To assess the risk of the cold injury, it is necessary to know the major factors affecting principally hand/finger
cooling on cold surfaces. These factors involve:
 properties of the object surface;
 temperature of the cold surface and ambience;
 duration of contact between the skin and the surface;
 characteristics of hand/finger skin and the type and nature of the contact.
In practice, these factors are somewhat interacted and complicated. The type of contact material has an impact on
the contact time at various cold temperatures. Thus, the contact time for the critical contact temperature limits on
cold surfaces were empirically correlated with the major factors such as thermal penetration coefficient and surface
temperature of the material, respectively. The statistically non-linear models (empirical models) based on the
database of lower quartile (75 % protected) are able to estimate the finger/hand contact cooling of a large range of
individuals on the cold surfaces.
This European Standard is designed to integrate all results obtained from the experimental research with both
human fingers and an artificial finger. It outlines a guideline document for the specification of safe time limits of
hand/finger contact with various cold surfaces.
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SIST EN ISO 13732-3:2008
ISO 13732-3:2005(E)
1 Scope
This European Standard describes methods for the assessment of the risk of cold injury and other adverse effects
when a cold surface is touched by bare hand/finger skin.
This standard provides ergonomics data to establish temperature limit values for cold solid surfaces. The values
established can be used in the development of special standards, where surface temperature limit values are
required.
The data of this standard will be applicable to all fields where cold solid surfaces cause a risk of acute effects: pain,
numbness and frostbite.
The data are not limited to the hands but apply to human skin in general.
The standard is applicable to the healthy skin of adults (females and males). Considerations on the extension of
applications are given in Annex B.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references,
only the edition cited applies. For undated references the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
EN ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design - Part 1: Basic
terminology, methodology (ISO 12100-1:2003)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100-1:2003 and the following
apply.
3.1
touchable surface
surface of a product, which can be touched by a person
3.2
surface temperature
T
s
temperature of a material surface in °C
3.3
critical contact temperature
T
c
contact temperature at which defined skin response criteria are elicited in °C
3.4
contact period
D
duration during which contact of the skin with the surface takes place in s
3.5
thermal inertia
product of density (ρ), thermal conductivity (K) and specific thermal capacity (c) of a material
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SIST EN ISO 13732-3:2008
ISO 13732-3:2005(E)
3.6
contact factor
F
c
thermal penetration coefficient, computed as square root of the thermal inertia
NOTE The mathematical definition is: F = ρ ⋅ Κ ⋅c .
c
where
ρ is the density of a material;
Κ is the thermal conductivity of a material;
c is the thermal capacity of a material.
3.7
percentile
percentage of population of which specific characteristics fall below or above a given value in a cumulative
distribution
[EN ISO 11064-4]
4 Principles for risk assessment
4.1 General
In order to assess the risk of cold injury and other effects, the following steps (4.2 to 4.8) shall be carried out.
4.2 Identification of cold touchable surfaces
All essential information concerning the cold touchable surfaces of the object shall be gathered. This shall include
the objects attributes:
a) accessibility of the surface;
b) rough estimation of surface temperatures (above or below 0 °C);
c) material and texture of the cold surface;
d) all operating conditions of the object where contact with the cold surface is needed (including the worst case).
4.3 Task observation and analysis
According to the activities and tasks required, all necessary information concerning the contact with the cold
surface shall be collected, by observation or analysis. Particular attention should be paid to possible intentional and
unintentional contact with cold surfaces. The type and nature of the contact shall be identified from the task
observation and analysis:
a) cold surfaces which are or can be touched;
b) intentional or unintentional touching;
c) frequency of intentional touching;
d) probability of unintentional touching;
e) duration of contact with the cold surface;
f) contacting area;
g) contacting force.
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SIST EN ISO 13732-3:2008
ISO 13732-3:2005(E)
4.4 Classification of contact with a cold surface
4.4.1 General
The type of contact is classified according to the following two categories:
4.4.2 Finger touching
Subjects contact a defined material during a short period (up to 120 s). The contact area is small (only finger pad).
4.4.3 Hand gripping
Subjects grip an object of defined material. Gripping is applied constantly for a longer period (up to 1 200 s).
4.5 Measurement of surface temperature
The surface temperatures shall be measured on those parts of the object where skin contact with the surface can
occur.
The measurement shall be carried out under real operating conditions of the object by thermocouples. The
accuracy of the instrument shall be ± 0,5 °C in a range from – 25 to + 5 °C and ± 1 °C below – 25 °C (see
ISO 7726:2001 and [4]).
NOTE The results of the measurement of the surface temperature can only be compared with the threshold values of
Clause 5, if they are realized using the same physical measurement principle which was used for the determination of the
threshold values of Clause 5. The application of a different measuring principle, e.g. a radiation thermometer, can lead to other
results which are not comparable with the threshold values.
4.6 Period
The contact period of bare skin with a cold surface can be measured or estimated according to values in Table D.1.
4.7 Classification of type of effect on skin during contact
4.7.1 General
Type of effect shall be determined according to the following criteria.
4.7.2 Frostbite
The effect is predicted from a drop in contact temperature to below 0 °C, at which the contacting skin tissue will
freeze.
4.7.3 Numbness
The effect is predicted from a drop in contact temperature to around 7 °C, at which sensory receptors of contacting
skin will be blocked and numbness will occur.
4.7.4 Pain
The effect is predicted from a drop in contact temperature to around 15 °C, at which a subjective sensation of pain
at the contacting skin will be experienced.
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SIST EN ISO 13732-3:2008
ISO 13732-3:2005(E)
4.8 Risk evaluation
On the basis of this information the data in Clause 5 shall be used for final evaluation to establish if there is a risk
for the selected type of effect to occur. An estimate of the risk is made on the basis of surface temperature and
contact period specified in 5.2 and 5.3.
5 Threshold data
5.1 General
This Clause provides surface temperature data for cooling thresholds from the ergonomics database. Figure 1
shows the principal relation between material, time and temperature for skin in contact with a cold surface. Below
the curve of each material there is a risk of an adverse effect of skin cooling. This figure is presented for guidance
only of the temperature/time relationship and the relative effects of different materials. The quantitative information
is provided in the subsequent Clauses.

Key
1 Aluminium 3 Stone 5 Wood
2 Steel 4 Nylon
D Contact period T Surface temperature
s
Figure 1 — Principal relationship between material, duration and temperature
for skin in contact with a cold surface
The thermal properties of the mentioned materials (Aluminium, Steel, Stone, Nylon, and Wood) and other selected
materials are given in Annex C.
5.2 Finger touching
5.2.1 General
Thresholds for finger skin touching are specified in 5.2.2 (Figures 2 to 4).
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SIST EN ISO 13732-3:2008
ISO 13732-3:2005(E)
5.2.2 Thresholds for finger contacting cold surfaces
The freezing (frostbite) threshold values of finger touching three cold surfaces (aluminium, steel and stone) are
shown in Figure 2.

Key
1 Aluminium 3 Stone
2 Steel
Figure 2 — Frostbite threshold as function of contact period (finger touching)
The numbness thresholds for finger touching the five materials are indicated in Figure 3.

Key
1 Aluminium 3 Stone 5 Wood
2 Steel 4 Nylon
Figure 3 — Numbness threshold as function of contact period (finger touching)
The pain thresholds for finger touching different materials are indicated in Figure 4.
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SIST EN ISO 13732-3:2008
ISO 13732-3:2005(E)

Key
1 Aluminium 3 Stone 5 Wood
2 Steel 4 Nylon
Figure 4 — Pain threshold as function of contact period (finger touching)
5.2.3 Thresholds for different materials
Figures 5 to 6 show the three criteria thresholds for contact with metals (aluminium and steel).

Key
1 Pain 3 Frostbite
2 Numbness
Figure 5 — Threshold curves for contact with an aluminium surface (finger touching)

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SIST EN ISO 13732-3:2008
ISO 13732-3:2005(E)

Key
1 Pain 3 Frostbite
2 Numbness
Figure 6 — Threshold curves for contact with a steel surface (finger touching)
The cooling thresholds for contact with stone are shown in Figure 7. The data was predicted from the model of
finger touching database.

Key
1 Pain 3 Frostbite
2 Numbness
Figure 7 — Threshold curves for contact with a stone surface (finger touching)
The pain and numbness thresholds for the case of contact with nylon or wood are shown in the Figures 8 to 9. The
data did not show any occurrence of freezing for the case of finger touching nylon or wood.
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SIST EN ISO 13732-3:2008
ISO 13732-3:2005(E)

Key
1 Pain
2 Numbness
Figure 8 — Threshold curves for contact with a nylon surface (finger touching)

Key
1 Pain
2 Numbness
Figure 9 — Threshold curves for contact with a wood surface (finger touching)
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SIST EN ISO 13732-3:2008
ISO 13732-3:2005(E)

5.3 Hand gripping
The pain thresholds for hand gripping different materials are shown in Figure 10. The limit values are based on the
actually reported perception of pain by subjects.
A difference is observed between the touching and gripping curves due to different types of contact. The pain
thresholds during gripping the material can be lower than that for touching (see An
...