SIST EN ISO 9241-115:2024

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-november-2024
Ergonomija medsebojnega vplivanja človek-sistem - 115. del: Navodila za
konceptualno zasnovo, zasnovo interakcije med uporabnikom in sistemom,
zasnovo uporabniškega vmesnika in zasnovo navigacije (ISO 9241-115:2024)
Ergonomics of human-system interaction - Part 115: Guidance on conceptual design,
user-system interaction design, user interface design, and navigation design (ISO
9241-115:2024)
Ergonomie der Mensch-System-Interaktion - Teil 115: Empfehlungen für die Gestaltung
von konzeptuelles Design, Benutzer-System-Interaktion, Benutzungsschnittstelle und
Navigation (ISO 9241-115:2024)
Ergonomie de l'interaction homme-système - Partie 115: Lignes directrices sur la
conception conceptuelle, la conception de l'interaction utilisateur-système, la conception
de l'interface utilisateur et la conception de la navigation (ISO
9241-115:2024)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 9241-115:2024
ICS:
13.180 Ergonomija Ergonomics
35.080 Programska oprema Software
35.200 Vmesniška in povezovalna Interface and interconnection
oprema equipment
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO 9241-115
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
April 2024
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 13.180; 35.080 Supersedes EN ISO 14915-2:2003
English Version
Ergonomics of human-system interaction - Part 115:
Guidance on conceptual design, user-system interaction
design, user interface design, and navigation design (ISO
9241-115:2024)
Ergonomie de l'interaction homme-système - Partie Ergonomie der Mensch-System-Interaktion - Teil 115:
115: Recommandations relatives à la conception Empfehlungen für die Gestaltung von konzeptuellem
conceptuelle, la conception de l'interaction utilisateur- Design, Benutzer-System-Interaktion,
système, la conception de l'interface utilisateur et la Benutzungsschnittstellen und Navigation (ISO 9241-
conception de la navigation (ISO 9241-115:2024) 115:2024)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 22 March 2024.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

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United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2024 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 9241-115:2024 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3

European foreword
This document (EN ISO 9241-115:2024) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159
"Ergonomics" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics” the secretariat of
which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2024, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by October 2024.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 14915-2:2003.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 9241-115:2024 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 9241-115:2024 without any
modification.
International
Standard
ISO 9241-115
First edition
Ergonomics of human-system
2024-03
interaction —
Part 115:
Guidance on conceptual design,
user-system interaction design,
user interface design and
navigation design
Ergonomie de l’interaction homme-système —
Partie 115: Recommandations relatives à la conception
conceptuelle, la conception de l’interaction utilisateur-système,
la conception de l’interface utilisateur et la conception de la
navigation
Reference number
ISO 9241-115:2024(en) © ISO 2024

ISO 9241-115:2024(en)
© ISO 2024
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
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Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO 9241-115:2024(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 Major subjects of designs .1
3.2 Modelling .2
3.3 Context of use, user needs and user requirements .3
3.4 Outcomes of use .4
3.5 Interactions and content .5
3.6 Navigation techniques .7
3.7 Links .7
4 Human-centred design in the context of this document . 9
4.1 Human-centred design activities .9
4.2 General guidance .9
4.2.1 Mental model of the user .9
4.2.2 Support of appropriate user interface technology .9
4.2.3 Constraints on design .9
4.2.4 Overall consistency .10
4.2.5 Aesthetics .10
4.2.6 Accessibility .10
5 Conceptual design .10
5.1 General .10
5.2 Contents of a conceptual design .11
6 User-system interaction design .11
6.1 General .11
6.2 Types of interactions . 12
6.3 The design of interaction scenarios . 12
6.4 Compatibility of interaction scenarios . 12
6.5 The design of user actions to be supported by the system . 12
6.6 Interactions from the user's perspective . 12
7 User interface design.13
7.1 General . 13
7.2 Contents of a user interface design . 13
7.2.1 Structure . 13
7.2.2 User interface instances . 13
7.2.3 User interface elements .14
7.3 Information architecture .14
7.3.1 Purpose of an information architecture .14
7.3.2 Contents of an information architecture .14
7.4 Information design . 15
7.5 Design recommendations . 15
7.5.1 User interface . 15
7.5.2 User interface instances . 15
7.5.3 User interface elements .16
7.5.4 Supporting different target devices .16
7.5.5 Accessibility .17
7.5.6 Innovative solutions .17
8 Navigation design . 17
8.1 General .17
8.2 Contents of navigation sequence design .18
8.3 Navigation with additional user interface elements .18

iii
ISO 9241-115:2024(en)
8.4 Use of navigation structures .18
8.4.1 Use of linear structures .18
8.4.2 Navigation in linear structures .18
8.4.3 Use of tree structures .18
8.4.4 Navigation in tree structures .18
8.4.5 Use of network structures .19
8.4.6 Navigation in network structures .19
8.4.7 Navigation in hybrid structures .19
8.4.8 Navigation in dynamic structures .19
8.4.9 Determining navigation techniques .19
8.5 Guidance on the design of navigation to meet user needs . 20
8.5.1 Minimizing user effort . 20
8.5.2 Providing alternative navigation paths . 20
8.5.3 Returning to an interrupted task . 20
8.5.4 Supporting exploration . 20
8.6 Guidance related to the use of links for navigation . 20
8.6.1 Use of links . 20
8.6.2 Use of system-activated links . 20
8.6.3 Use of user-activated links .21
8.6.4 Use of permanent links .21
8.6.5 Use of temporal links .21
8.6.6 Duration of temporal links .21
8.6.7 Avoiding temporal link errors .21
8.6.8 Use of computed links .21
8.6.9 Recognizing computed links . 22
8.6.10 Use of user-defined links . 22
8.6.11 Supporting multiple sets of user-defined links . 22
8.6.12 Discriminability of links . 22
8.7 Guidance related to the use of general navigation functions . 23
8.7.1 Providing users with navigation information . 23
8.7.2 Providing search capabilities . 23
8.8 Navigating across sessions . 23
8.8.1 Saving the current state . 23
8.8.2 Returning to a saved state . 23
8.8.3 Restarting at a previous state . 23
8.8.4 Exiting .24
Bibliography .25

iv
ISO 9241-115:2024(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 4,
Ergonomics of human-system interaction, in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization
(CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 122, Ergonomics, in accordance with the Agreement on technical
cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This first edition of ISO 9241-115 cancels and replaces the first edition of ISO 14915-2:2003, which has been
technically revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— much of the content of ISO 14915-2:2003 has been removed or simplified. The content which has been
retained is included in Clause 8;
— the Scope has been expanded significantly from just navigation design to "conceptual design, user-
system interaction design, user interface design and navigation design". New material has been added
accordingly.
A list of all parts in the ISO 9241 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

v
ISO 9241-115:2024(en)
Introduction
Every interactive system has a user interface, regardless of whether or not its design was planned, organized
and documented. Risks related to the use of interactive systems can increase due a lack of a planning,
organization and documentation in their design.
Within this context, there are two main categories of design for interactive systems, each with their own
sub-categories.
1) Human-centred design: this deals with the design of interactive aspects of the system and its uses.
— Human-centred design focuses on satisfying user needs and meeting user requirements.
— Human-centred design includes conceptual design, user-system interaction design, user interface
design and navigation design.
2) Technical design: this enables the required interactions between humans and the interactive system
from an internal design perspective.
— Technical design is beyond the scope of this document (see ISO/IEC/IEEE 12207 for further
information relating to the technical design of software systems).
ISO 9241-210:2019, 7.1 provides high-level guidance on the human-centred design of interactive systems
and recognizes that "human-centred design activities can be incorporated in design approaches as
diverse as object-oriented, waterfall, HFI (human factors integration), agile, and rapid development, etc."
As stated in the introduction of ISO 9241-210:2019, "Human-centred design is an approach to interactive
systems development that aims to make systems usable and useful by focusing on the users, their needs
and requirements, and by applying human factors/ergonomics, and usability knowledge and techniques.
This approach enhances effectiveness and efficiency, improves human well-being, user satisfaction,
accessibility and sustainability; and counteracts possible adverse effects of use on human health, safety and
performance."
ISO 9241-220 elaborates on ISO 9241-210 to identify processes, typical activities and process outcomes
for enabling, executing and assessing human-centred design within organizations. Many of the process
outcomes focus on attributes of the design of interactive systems.
While both ISO 9241-210 and ISO 9241-220 focus on design activities, there is a need for guidance on the
outcomes of those design activities.
This document therefore focuses particularly on guidance concerning the outcomes of conceptual design,
user-system design, user interface design and navigation design.

vi
International Standard ISO 9241-115:2024(en)
Ergonomics of human-system interaction —
Part 115:
Guidance on conceptual design, user-system interaction
design, user interface design and navigation design
1 Scope
This document provides guidance on aspects of the design of human-system interaction, including conceptual
design, user-system interaction design, user interface design and navigation design for interactive systems.
This document applies to all design and development approaches and methodologies, including human-
centred design, object-oriented, waterfall, human factors integration (HFI), agile and rapid development.
It is intended for the following types of users:
— user interface designers, who will apply the guidance during the development process;
— developers, who will apply the guidance during the design and implementation of system functionality;
— evaluators, who are responsible for ensuring that products meet the recommendations;
— designers of user interface development tools and style guides to be used by user interface designers;
— project managers, who are responsible for managing development processes.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1 Major subjects of designs
3.1.1
design, verb
to define the architecture, system elements, interfaces, and other characteristics of a system or
system element
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC/IEEE 12207:2017, 3.1.1]

ISO 9241-115:2024(en)
3.1.2
conceptual design, noun
outcome of design (3.1.1) that describes the intended approach to how the system will be perceived and be
used by the user (3.3.2)
Note 1 to entry: Conceptual design is discussed in Clause 5.
3.1.3
interaction design, noun
user-system interaction design
outcome of design (3.1.1) that describes how interaction sequences (3.5.3) serve each of the tasks (3.3.4)
within an interactive system
Note 1 to entry: Interaction design also includes navigation design (3.1.5).
Note 2 to entry: Interaction design is discussed in Clause 6.
3.1.4
interface design, noun
user interface design
outcome of design (3.1.1) that describes the selection, combination, arrangement and behaviour of user
interface elements (3.5.7) for all user interface instances (3.5.6) as required for interaction (3.5.1) between
the user (3.3.2) and the user interface (3.5.5)
Note 1 to entry: Interface design is discussed in Clause 7.
3.1.5
navigation design
outcome of design (3.1.1) that describes how access to interface elements and interactions (3.5.1) is enabled
and structured for users (3.3.2)
Note 1 to entry: Information architecture leads to navigation design.
Note 2 to entry: Different users and user groups can have different needs for navigation (3.5.8), which can be served
differently by a common navigation design.
Note 3 to entry: Navigation design is discussed in Clause 8.
3.1.6
information design
design (3.1.1) that describes the presentation of meaningful information (e.g. texts, labels, icons, symbols) in
order to support the comprehensibility and interpretability of the contents presented in the task (3.3.4) objects
3.2 Modelling
3.2.1
mental model
belief and understanding users (3.3.2) have of themselves, others, the environment and the objects with
which they interact
3.2.2
task model
description of a task (3.3.4) and its subtasks that has to be carried out in order to reach the user’s (3.3.2)
goals (3.3.3)
3.2.3
conceptual model
designer’s understanding of how each user’s (3.3.2) task (3.3.4) will be performed supported by the
interactive system
ISO 9241-115:2024(en)
3.2.4
scenario of use
description of the sequence of events from the user’s (3.3.2) perspective to perform a task (3.3.4) in a
specified context of use (3.3.1)
3.3 Context of use, user needs and user requirements
3.3.1
context of use
combination of users (3.3.2), goals (3.3.3) and tasks (3.3.4), resources and environment
Note 1 to entry: The “environment” in a context of use includes the technical, physical, social, cultural and
organizational environments.
[SOURCE: ISO 9241-11:2018, 3.1.15]
3.3.2
user
person who interacts with a system, product or service
Note 1 to entry: Users of a system, product or service include people who operate the system, people who make use of
the output of the system and people who support the system (including providing maintenance and training).
[SOURCE: ISO 9241-11:2018, 3.1.7]
3.3.3
goal
intended outcome
[SOURCE: ISO 9241-11:2018, 3.1.10]
3.3.4
task
set of activities undertaken in order to achieve a specific goal (3.3.3)
Note 1 to entry: These activities can be physical, perceptual and/or cognitive.
Note 2 to entry: While goals are independent of the means used to achieve them, tasks describe particular means of
achieving goals.
[SOURCE: ISO 9241-11:2018, 3.1.11]
3.3.5
user need
prerequisite identified as necessary for a user (3.3.2), or a set of users, to achieve an intended outcome,
implied or stated within a specific context of use (3.3.1)
EXAMPLE 1 A presenter (user) needs to know how much time is left (prerequisite) in order to complete the
presentation in time [goal (3.3.3)] during a presentation with a fixed time limit (context of use).
EXAMPLE 2 An account manager (user) needs to know the number of invoices received and their amounts
(prerequisite), in order to complete the daily accounting log (goal) as part of monitoring the cash flow (context of use).
Note 1 to entry: A user need is independent of any proposed solution for that need.
Note 2 to entry: User needs are identified based on various approaches, including interviews with users, observations,
surveys, evaluations and expert analysis.
Note 3 to entry: User needs often represent gaps (or discrepancies) between what is desired and what is.
[SOURCE: ISO 25065:2019, 3.1.9, modified — Original Notes 2 and 3 to entry have been modified and Note 4
to entry has been removed.]
ISO 9241-115:2024(en)
3.3.6
user requirements
set of requirements for use that provide the basis for design (3.1.1) and evaluation of interactive systems to
meet identified user needs (3.3.5)
Note 1 to entry: User requirements are derived from user needs and capabilities in order to allow the user (3.3.2) to
make use of the system in an effective, efficient, safe and satisfying manner.
Note 2 to entry: User requirements are not requirements of users on systems, rather than on the users.
Note 3 to entry: User requirements include user-system interaction requirements (3.3.7) and use-related quality
requirements (3.3.8).
Note 4 to entry: In software engineering terms, user requirements include both "functional" and "non-functional"
requirements derived from user needs and capabilities.
[SOURCE: ISO 9241-220:2019, 3.46, modified — Original Notes 1 and 2 to entry have been modified. Note 3
to entry added.]
3.3.7
user-system interaction requirements
user requirements (3.3.6) that specify interactions (3.5.1) (e.g. recognizing information, making inputs,
making selections and receiving outputs) required by the users (3.3.2) to achieve the goals (3.3.3)
[SOURCE: ISO 25065:2019, 3.1.11]
3.3.8
use-related quality requirements
user requirements (3.3.6) that specify the intended outcomes of use of the interactive system and associated
quality criteria
[SOURCE: ISO 25065:2019, 3.1.12]
3.3.9
user assistance
additional information or interactive capabilities beyond the regular user-system interaction (3.5.1) that is
provided to the user (3.3.2) on request (user-initiated) or is automatically provided by the system (system
initiated).
Note 1 to entry: User assistance can be presented as text, images, videos and auditive information dependent on the
context of use (3.3.1).
Note 2 to entry: User assistance can be information only or provide interactive capabilities ("interactive user
assistance").
3.4 Outcomes of use
3.4.1
human-centred quality
extent to which requirements for usability (3.4.3), accessibility (3.4.2), user experience (3.4.4) and avoidance
of harm from use (3.4.5) are met
Note 1 to entry: Provision of the necessary technical functionality is a prerequisite for human-centred quality.
Note 2 to entry: Usability, accessibility, user experience and avoidance of harm from use can only be managed to the
extent that they can be controlled by designed aspects of the interactive system.
Note 3 to entry: Human-centred quality is a collective term for the intended outcomes of interaction of the user (3.3.2)
with the system.
[SOURCE: ISO 9241-220:2019, 3.12]

ISO 9241-115:2024(en)
3.4.2
accessibility
extent to which products, systems, services, environments and facilities can be used by people from a
population with the widest range of user needs (3.3.5), characteristics and capabilities to achieve identified
goals (3.3.3) in identified contexts of use (3.3.1)
Note 1 to entry: Context of use includes direct use or use supported by assistive technologies.
[SOURCE: ISO 9241-112:2017, 3.15]
3.4.3
usability
extent to which a system, product or service can be used by specified users (3.3.2) to achieve specified goals
(3.3.3) with effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in a specified context of use (3.3.1)
Note 1 to entry: The “specified” users, goals and context of use refer to the particular combination of users, goals and
context of use for which usability is being considered.
Note 2 to entry: The word “usability” is also used as a qualifier to refer to the design (3.1.1) knowledge, competencies,
activities and design attributes that contribute to usability, such as usability expertise, usability professional, usability
engineering, usability method, usability evaluation and usability heuristic.
[SOURCE: ISO 9241-11:2018, 3.1.1]
3.4.4
user experience
user’s (3.3.2) perceptions and responses that result from the use and/or anticipated use of a system, product
or service
Note 1 to entry: User perceptions and responses include the user's emotions, beliefs, preferences, perceptions, comfort,
behaviours and accomplishments that occur before, during and after use.
Note 2 to entry: User experience is a consequence of brand image, presentation, functionality, system performance,
interactive behaviour and assistive capabilities of a system, product or service. It also results from the user’s internal
and physical state resulting from prior experiences, attitudes, skills, abilities and personality, and from the context of
use (3.3.1).
[SOURCE: ISO 9241-11:2018, 3.2.3, modified — Notes 3 and 4 to entry have been removed.]
3.4.5
harm from use
negative consequences regarding health, safety, finances or the environment that result from use of the system
Note 1 to entry: The negative consequences can be for the user (3.3.2) or for any other stakeholder.
Note 2 to entry: Although avoidance of harm from use, i.e. eliminating any exposure of risk that poses a potential harm,
cannot be achieved completely, designing an interactive system can aim at mitigating risks to an acceptable minimum.
[SOURCE: ISO 9241-220:2019, 3.10]
3.5 Interactions and content
3.5.1
interaction
user-system interaction
exchange of information between a user (3.3.2) and an interactive system via the user interface (3.5.5)
[SOURCE: ISO 9241-110:2020, 3.11, modified — "interaction" has been made a preferred term. "to complete
the intended task" has been removed from the definition. Note 1 to entry has been removed.]
3.5.2
specific interaction
single user-system interaction (3.5.1) within an interaction design (3.1.3)

ISO 9241-115:2024(en)
3.5.3
interaction sequence
specific order of specific interactions (3.5.2) in a set of interactions (3.5.1) that can be used to complete the
intended task (3.3.4)
Note 1 to entry: There can be any number of possible interaction sequences for any set of interactions depending on
the design of the interactive system.
3.5.4
interaction step
specific interaction (3.5.2) within an interaction sequence (3.5.3)
3.5.5
user interface
set of all the components of an interactive system that provide information and controls for the user (3.3.2)
to accomplish specific tasks (3.3.4) with the interactive system
[SOURCE: ISO 9241-110:2020, 3.10]
3.5.6
user interface instance
view
portion of the user interface (3.5.5) that is presented at one time during the use of an interactive system
Note 1 to entry: Although the word "view" is typically associated with visual information, it is used synonymously
with (user interface) instance. In this context, it is not limited to visual renderings and can include renderings of
information presented via auditory or tactile modalities or a combination of these.
EXAMPLE 1 A webpage.
EXAMPLE 2 An individual screen within an app.
3.5.7
user interface element
entity of the user interface (3.5.5) that is presented to the user (3.3.2) by the software
EXAMPLE Text, graphic, check box
Note 1 to entry: User interface elements can be interactive or not.
Note 2 to entry: Both entities relevant to the task (3.3.4) and entities of the user interface are regarded as user interface
elements. A user interface element can be a visual representation or an interaction mechanism for a task object (e.g.
letter, sales order, electronic part, wiring diagram) or a system object (e.g. printer, hard disk, network connection). It
can be possible for the user (3.3.2) to directly manipulate some of these user interface elements.
Note 3 to entry: User interface elements
...