Water quality - Determination of chronic toxicity to Ceriodaphnia dubia

ISO 20665:2008 specifies a method for the determination of the chronic toxicity to Ceriodaphnia dubia (Cladocera, Crustacea), based on reproduction inhibition after (7 ± 1) d.
The method is applicable to: a) chemical substances which are soluble or which can be maintained as stable suspensions or dispersions under the conditions of the test; b) industrial or sewage effluents, if appropriate after decantation, filtration or centrifugation; c) fresh waters; d) aqueous extracts (leachates, eluates, and elutriates).
ISO 20665:2008 is not applicable to the testing of aquatic samples from the estuarine or marine environment.

Qualité de l'eau - Détermination de la toxicité chronique vis-à-vis de Ceriodaphnia dubia

L'ISO 20665:2008 spécifie une méthode de détermination de la toxicité chronique vis-à-vis de Ceriodaphnia dubia (Cladocera, Crustacea), basée sur une inhibition de la reproduction au bout de (7 ± 1) jours.
Cette méthode est applicable: a) aux substances chimiques solubles ou pouvant être maintenues en suspension ou en dispersion stables dans les conditions de l'essai; b) aux effluents industriels ou aux eaux usées, le cas échéant, après décantation, filtration ou centrifugation; c) aux eaux douces; d) aux extraits aqueux.
L'ISO 20665:2008 n'est pas applicable à la réalisation d'essais sur des échantillons aqueux provenant d'un milieu marin ou estuarien.

Kakovost vode - Določevanje kronične strupenosti s Ceriodaphnia dubia

Ta mednarodni standard določa metodo določevanja kronične strupenosti s Ceriodaphnia dubia (Cladocera, Crustacea), osnovan na zaviranje reprodukcije po 7 ± 1) d.
Ta metoda se uporablja za:
a) kemične substance, ki so topne ali ki se lahko ohranijo kot stabilne suspenzije ali disperzije pod preskusnimi pogoji;
b) industrijske ali komunalne odplake, obdelane ali neobdelane, po potrebi po pretočitvi, filtraciji ali centrifugiranju;
c) sladke vode;
d) vodne ekstrakte..
Ta mednarodni standard ne velja za preskušanje vodnih vzorcev iz rečnih ustij ali morskega okolja.

General Information

Status
Published
Public Enquiry End Date
19-Jul-2009
Publication Date
01-Jul-2010
Technical Committee
Current Stage
6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
Start Date
12-May-2010
Due Date
17-Jul-2010
Completion Date
02-Jul-2010

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Standards Content (Sample)


SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2010
.DNRYRVWYRGH'RORþHYDQMHNURQLþQHVWUXSHQRVWLV&HULRGDSKQLDGXELD
Water quality - Determination of chronic toxicity to Ceriodaphnia dubia
Qualité de l'eau - Détermination de la toxicité chronique vis-à-vis de Ceriodaphnia dubia
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 20665:2008
ICS:
13.060.70 Preiskava bioloških lastnosti Examination of biological
vode properties of water
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 20665
First edition
2008-12-15
Water quality — Determination of chronic
toxicity to Ceriodaphnia dubia
Qualité de l'eau — Détermination de la toxicité chronique vis-à-vis de
Ceriodaphnia dubia
Reference number
©
ISO 2008
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.

©  ISO 2008
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 2
4 Principle. 2
5 Test environment. 3
6 Reagents, test organisms and media . 3
7 Apparatus . 5
8 Sampling and samples. 6
9 Procedure . 7
10 Expression of results . 9
11 Validity criteria . 11
12 Precision. 11
13 Test report . 12
Annex A (normative) Preparation of the ELENDT M4 medium. 13
Annex B (normative) Preparation of the moderately hard water medium. 15
Annex C (informative) Preparation of the LC OLIGO medium. 16
Annex D (normative) Procedure for preparing YCT . 18
Annex E (informative) Data collection sheet . 20
Bibliography . 21

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 20665 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 147, Water quality, Subcommittee SC 5, Biological
methods.
iv © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

Introduction
The highlighting of harmful effects for water quality has for several years involved the carrying out of biological
tests. The Cladocera, Ceriodaphnia dubia, is recognised as being representative of the zooplankton species
widely used in aquatic toxicity tests.
The shortness of the chronic toxicity test, (7 ± 1) d, and the low volumes used are major assets for obtaining
relevant results on samples that may be subject to changes during the storage period.
The user should be aware that particular problems could require the specifications of additional marginal
conditions.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 20665:2008(E)

Water quality — Determination of chronic toxicity to
Ceriodaphnia dubia
WARNING — Persons using this International Standard should be familiar with normal laboratory
practice. This International Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any,
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health
practices and to ensure compliance with any national regulatory conditions.
IMPORTANT — It is absolutely essential that tests conducted according to this International Standard
be carried out by suitably trained staff.
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of the chronic toxicity to Ceriodaphnia
dubia (Cladocera, Crustacea), based on reproduction inhibition after (7 ± 1) d.
The method is applicable to:
a) chemical substances which are soluble or which can be maintained as stable suspensions or dispersions
under the conditions of the test;
b) industrial or sewage effluents, if appropriate after decantation, filtration or centrifugation;
c) fresh waters;
d) aqueous extracts.
This International Standard is not applicable to the testing of aquatic samples from the estuarine or marine
environment.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 5667-16:1998, Water quality — Sampling — Part 16: Guidance on biotesting of samples
ISO 5814, Water quality — Determination of dissolved oxygen — Electrochemical probe method
ISO 6059, Water quality — Determination of the sum of calcium and magnesium — EDTA titrimetric method
ISO 10523, Water quality — Determination of pH
ISO/TS 20281, Water quality — Guidance on statistical interpretation of ecotoxicity data
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
brood
group or cohort of sibling offspring, consisting of two or more neonates in any test container, during any given
day of the test, released from the adult female during an inter-moult period (i.e. before the carapace is shed by
that female during moulting)
3.2
brood organism
healthy adult female daphnid that produces and releases multiple broods of live neonates
3.3
control batch
series of replicates containing control solution (3.4)
NOTE In this International Standard, 10 replicates constitute the control batch.
3.4
control solution
mixture of test medium and of food without sample under test
3.5
effective concentration producing x % reproduction inhibition
EC
x
estimated concentration of a test sample giving rise to x % reproduction inhibition with respect to the
control batch (3.3), which represents a point of the test sample concentration that is estimated to cause a
designated percent impairment in a quantitative biological function
3.6
neonate
newly born or newly hatched individual
NOTE In this International Standard, a neonate is a first-instar daphnid, < 24 h old.
3.7
reproduction inhibition
comparison between the number of living offspring born from all adults at the end of the test between the
control batch (3.3) and the test batch (3.8)
3.8
test batch
series of replicates containing the same test solution (3.9)
NOTE In this International Standard, 10 replicates constitute a test batch.
3.9
test solution
mixture of test medium, of food and of sample under test
4 Principle
Ceriodaphnia dubia, less than 24 h old at the beginning of the test, are exposed individually to a range of
concentrations of the sample under test for a period of (7 ± 1) d. The test typically ends after 7 d when 60 % of
the control organisms have produced their third brood. The mortality of the adult females and their
reproduction are monitored throughout the exposure time. All other relevant biological parameters can also be
studied.
2 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

The data obtained allow, using a suitable model, the calculation of the concentration which gives rise to x %
reproduction inhibition, EC , e.g. EC , EC or EC .
x 10 20 50
5 Test environment
Carry out the test in a temperature-controlled room or chamber at (25 ± 2) °C in the test containers. Ensure
that, within one test, the temperature does not vary by more than 2 °C.
Adjust the day/night test cycle (photoperiod) to 16 h of daylight and 8 h of darkness. In the test containers
(7.2), a range of lighting intensity at the air/water interface of 100 lx to 600 lx (7.8) is recommended. Do not
shake or aerate the test containers.
Maintain the atmosphere free from toxic dusts or vapours. The use of control solutions is a double check that
the test is being performed in an atmosphere free from toxic dusts and vapours.
6 Reagents, test organisms and media
Use only reagents of recognised analytical grade, unless otherwise specified.
6.1 Test organisms
Ceriodaphnia dubia neonates are obtained by parthenogenesis from adult females for at least three
generations under the conditions of temperature, photoperiod and food identical to those in the test.
The Ceriodaphnia dubia used for the test shall be less than 24 h old and shall have been taken from a brood
comprising at least eight newly born animals.
The day before the test, isolate from the culture a dozen or more adults that are over 6 d and less than 14 d
old. Isolate each one in a separate container containing food (6.4.1 or 6.4.2) and test medium (6.3.2 or 6.3.3).
Before the test, remove the adults from their containers and count the offspring. Discard all vessels containing
less than eight live offspring.
The Ceriodaphnia dubia may also derive from the hatching of ephippia purchased from a specialised
1)
company . These organisms may be directly used as test organisms.
2)
6.2 Pure water, having a conductivity below 10 µS/cm .
6.3 Test media
6.3.1 General
Two test media are recommended: ELENDT M4 (6.3.2) or moderately hard water (6.3.3). Alternative test
media may be used as long as validity criteria (Clause 11) are met.
For alternative test media, supply either a reference to a publication, or for natural waters (in case of effluent
testing) the date of collection, details of storage, ha
...


INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 20665
First edition
2008-12-15
Water quality — Determination of chronic
toxicity to Ceriodaphnia dubia
Qualité de l'eau — Détermination de la toxicité chronique vis-à-vis de
Ceriodaphnia dubia
Reference number
©
ISO 2008
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.

©  ISO 2008
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 2
4 Principle. 2
5 Test environment. 3
6 Reagents, test organisms and media . 3
7 Apparatus . 5
8 Sampling and samples. 6
9 Procedure . 7
10 Expression of results . 9
11 Validity criteria . 11
12 Precision. 11
13 Test report . 12
Annex A (normative) Preparation of the ELENDT M4 medium. 13
Annex B (normative) Preparation of the moderately hard water medium. 15
Annex C (informative) Preparation of the LC OLIGO medium. 16
Annex D (normative) Procedure for preparing YCT . 18
Annex E (informative) Data collection sheet . 20
Bibliography . 21

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 20665 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 147, Water quality, Subcommittee SC 5, Biological
methods.
iv © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

Introduction
The highlighting of harmful effects for water quality has for several years involved the carrying out of biological
tests. The Cladocera, Ceriodaphnia dubia, is recognised as being representative of the zooplankton species
widely used in aquatic toxicity tests.
The shortness of the chronic toxicity test, (7 ± 1) d, and the low volumes used are major assets for obtaining
relevant results on samples that may be subject to changes during the storage period.
The user should be aware that particular problems could require the specifications of additional marginal
conditions.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 20665:2008(E)

Water quality — Determination of chronic toxicity to
Ceriodaphnia dubia
WARNING — Persons using this International Standard should be familiar with normal laboratory
practice. This International Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any,
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health
practices and to ensure compliance with any national regulatory conditions.
IMPORTANT — It is absolutely essential that tests conducted according to this International Standard
be carried out by suitably trained staff.
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of the chronic toxicity to Ceriodaphnia
dubia (Cladocera, Crustacea), based on reproduction inhibition after (7 ± 1) d.
The method is applicable to:
a) chemical substances which are soluble or which can be maintained as stable suspensions or dispersions
under the conditions of the test;
b) industrial or sewage effluents, if appropriate after decantation, filtration or centrifugation;
c) fresh waters;
d) aqueous extracts.
This International Standard is not applicable to the testing of aquatic samples from the estuarine or marine
environment.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 5667-16:1998, Water quality — Sampling — Part 16: Guidance on biotesting of samples
ISO 5814, Water quality — Determination of dissolved oxygen — Electrochemical probe method
ISO 6059, Water quality — Determination of the sum of calcium and magnesium — EDTA titrimetric method
ISO 10523, Water quality — Determination of pH
ISO/TS 20281, Water quality — Guidance on statistical interpretation of ecotoxicity data
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
brood
group or cohort of sibling offspring, consisting of two or more neonates in any test container, during any given
day of the test, released from the adult female during an inter-moult period (i.e. before the carapace is shed by
that female during moulting)
3.2
brood organism
healthy adult female daphnid that produces and releases multiple broods of live neonates
3.3
control batch
series of replicates containing control solution (3.4)
NOTE In this International Standard, 10 replicates constitute the control batch.
3.4
control solution
mixture of test medium and of food without sample under test
3.5
effective concentration producing x % reproduction inhibition
EC
x
estimated concentration of a test sample giving rise to x % reproduction inhibition with respect to the
control batch (3.3), which represents a point of the test sample concentration that is estimated to cause a
designated percent impairment in a quantitative biological function
3.6
neonate
newly born or newly hatched individual
NOTE In this International Standard, a neonate is a first-instar daphnid, < 24 h old.
3.7
reproduction inhibition
comparison between the number of living offspring born from all adults at the end of the test between the
control batch (3.3) and the test batch (3.8)
3.8
test batch
series of replicates containing the same test solution (3.9)
NOTE In this International Standard, 10 replicates constitute a test batch.
3.9
test solution
mixture of test medium, of food and of sample under test
4 Principle
Ceriodaphnia dubia, less than 24 h old at the beginning of the test, are exposed individually to a range of
concentrations of the sample under test for a period of (7 ± 1) d. The test typically ends after 7 d when 60 % of
the control organisms have produced their third brood. The mortality of the adult females and their
reproduction are monitored throughout the exposure time. All other relevant biological parameters can also be
studied.
2 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

The data obtained allow, using a suitable model, the calculation of the concentration which gives rise to x %
reproduction inhibition, EC , e.g. EC , EC or EC .
x 10 20 50
5 Test environment
Carry out the test in a temperature-controlled room or chamber at (25 ± 2) °C in the test containers. Ensure
that, within one test, the temperature does not vary by more than 2 °C.
Adjust the day/night test cycle (photoperiod) to 16 h of daylight and 8 h of darkness. In the test containers
(7.2), a range of lighting intensity at the air/water interface of 100 lx to 600 lx (7.8) is recommended. Do not
shake or aerate the test containers.
Maintain the atmosphere free from toxic dusts or vapours. The use of control solutions is a double check that
the test is being performed in an atmosphere free from toxic dusts and vapours.
6 Reagents, test organisms and media
Use only reagents of recognised analytical grade, unless otherwise specified.
6.1 Test organisms
Ceriodaphnia dubia neonates are obtained by parthenogenesis from adult females for at least three
generations under the conditions of temperature, photoperiod and food identical to those in the test.
The Ceriodaphnia dubia used for the test shall be less than 24 h old and shall have been taken from a brood
comprising at least eight newly born animals.
The day before the test, isolate from the culture a dozen or more adults that are over 6 d and less than 14 d
old. Isolate each one in a separate container containing food (6.4.1 or 6.4.2) and test medium (6.3.2 or 6.3.3).
Before the test, remove the adults from their containers and count the offspring. Discard all vessels containing
less than eight live offspring.
The Ceriodaphnia dubia may also derive from the hatching of ephippia purchased from a specialised
1)
company . These organisms may be directly used as test organisms.
2)
6.2 Pure water, having a conductivity below 10 µS/cm .
6.3 Test media
6.3.1 General
Two test media are recommended: ELENDT M4 (6.3.2) or moderately hard water (6.3.3). Alternative test
media may be used as long as validity criteria (Clause 11) are met.
For alternative test media, supply either a reference to a publication, or for natural waters (in case of effluent
testing) the date of collection, details of storage, handling, and additions, as well as physical chemistry data
relating to major ions [Na(I), K(I), Ca(II), Mg(II), carbonates, chloride, sulfate], pH and dissolved organic
carbon.
1) Microbiotest, Deinze, Belgium, is an example of a supplier able to provide suitable ephippia commercially. This
information is given for the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of this
supplier.
2) 1 mS/m.
6.3.2 ELENDT M4 medium option
Prepare ELENDT M4 test medium in accordance with Annex A. The test medium thus prepared shall have a
pH of 8,0 ± 0,3 (measured as specified in ISO 10523), a total hardness of (250 ± 20) mg/l (expressed as
CaCO and measured as specified in ISO 6059). Aerate the test medium until the dissolved oxygen
concentration has reached t
...


NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 20665
Première édition
2008-12-15
Qualité de l'eau — Détermination de la
toxicité chronique vis-à-vis de
Ceriodaphnia dubia
Water quality — Determination of chronic toxicity to Ceriodaphnia dubia

Numéro de référence
©
ISO 2008
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DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT

©  ISO 2008
Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf prescription différente, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous
quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit
de l'ISO à l'adresse ci-après ou du comité membre de l'ISO dans le pays du demandeur.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Publié en Suisse
ii © ISO 2008 – Tous droits réservés

Sommaire Page
Avant-propos. iv
Introduction . v
1 Domaine d'application. 1
2 Références normatives . 1
3 Termes et définitions. 2
4 Principe. 2
5 Environnement de l'essai. 3
6 Réactifs . 3
7 Appareillage . 6
8 Échantillonnage et échantillons. 6
9 Mode opératoire . 7
10 Expression des résultats . 10
11 Critères de validité. 11
12 Fidélité . 12
13 Rapport d'essai . 12
Annexe A (normative) Préparation du milieu ELENDT M4. 14
Annexe B (normative) Préparation du milieu «eau de dureté moyenne». 16
Annexe C (informative) Préparation du milieu de LC OLIGO. 17
Annexe D (normative) Mode opératoire pour la préparation à base de levures/Cerophyll/granulés
pour truite . 19
Annexe E (informative) Feuille de collecte de données . 21
Bibliographie . 22

Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes nationaux de
normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est en général confiée
aux comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire partie du
comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non
gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux. L'ISO collabore étroitement avec
la Commission électrotechnique internationale (CEI) en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les Normes internationales sont rédigées conformément aux règles données dans les Directives ISO/CEI,
Partie 2.
La tâche principale des comités techniques est d'élaborer les Normes internationales. Les projets de Normes
internationales adoptés par les comités techniques sont soumis aux comités membres pour vote. Leur
publication comme Normes internationales requiert l'approbation de 75 % au moins des comités membres
votants.
L'attention est appelée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l'objet de
droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L'ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne
pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence.
L'ISO 20665 a été élaborée par le comité technique ISO/TC 147, Qualité de l'eau, sous-comité SC 5,
Méthodes biologiques.
iv © ISO 2008 – Tous droits réservés

Introduction
La mise en évidence d'effets néfastes pour la qualité de l'eau passe, depuis plusieurs années, par la
réalisation d'essais biologiques. Les cladocères, Ceriodaphnia dubia, sont reconnus comme étant
représentatifs du zooplancton largement utilisé lors des essais de toxicité aquatique.
La brièveté de l'essai de toxicité chronique, (7 ± 1) jours, et les faibles volumes utilisés sont des atouts
majeurs pour l'obtention de résultats appropriés sur des échantillons qui sont susceptibles de subir des
modifications pendant la période de conservation.
Il convient que l'utilisateur soit conscient du fait que des problèmes particuliers peuvent nécessiter la
spécification de conditions marginales supplémentaires.

NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 20665:2008(F)

Qualité de l'eau — Détermination de la toxicité chronique vis-à-
vis de Ceriodaphnia dubia
AVERTISSEMENT — Il convient que l'utilisateur de la présente Norme internationale connaisse bien
les pratiques courantes de laboratoire. La présente Norme internationale n'a pas pour but de traiter
tous les problèmes de sécurité qui sont, le cas échéant, liés à son utilisation. Il incombe à l'utilisateur
d'établir des pratiques appropriées en matière d'hygiène et de sécurité et de s'assurer de la
conformité à la réglementation nationale en vigueur.
IMPORTANT — Il est absolument essentiel que les essais conduits conformément à la présente
Norme internationale soient effectués par du personnel ayant reçu une formation adéquate.
1 Domaine d'application
La présente Norme internationale spécifie une méthode de détermination de la toxicité chronique vis-à-vis de
Ceriodaphnia dubia (Cladocera, Crustacea), basée sur une inhibition de la reproduction après (7 ± 1) jours.
Cette méthode est applicable:
a) aux substances chimiques solubles ou pouvant être maintenues en suspension ou en dispersion stables
dans les conditions de l'essai;
b) aux effluents industriels ou aux eaux usées, le cas échéant, après décantation, filtration ou centrifugation;
c) aux eaux douces;
d) aux extraits aqueux.
La présente Norme internationale n'est pas applicable à la réalisation d'essais sur des échantillons aqueux
provenant d'un milieu marin ou estuarien.
2 Références normatives
Les documents de référence suivants sont indispensables pour l'application du présent document. Pour les
références datées, seule l'édition citée s'applique. Pour les références non datées, la dernière édition du
document de référence s'applique (y compris les éventuels amendements).
ISO 5667-16:1998, Qualité de l'eau — Échantillonnage — Partie 16: Lignes directrices pour les essais
biologiques des échantillons
ISO 5814, Qualité de l'eau — Dosage de l'oxygène dissous — Méthode électrochimique à la sonde
ISO 6059, Qualité de l'eau — Dosage de la somme du calcium et du magnésium — Méthode titrimétrique à
l'EDTA
ISO 10523, Qualité de l'eau — Détermination du pH
ISO/TS 20281, Qualité de l'eau — Lignes directrices relatives à l'interprétation statistique de données
écotoxicologiques
3 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et définitions suivants s'appliquent.
3.1
portée
groupe ou cohorte de nouveau-nés, composé de deux nouveau-nés (ou plus) dans un récipient d'essai
pendant un jour donné de la période d'essai engendrés par la femelle adulte entre deux périodes de mue
(c'est-à-dire avant que la carapace ne soit rejetée par ladite femelle pendant la mue)
3.2
organisme mature
daphnie femelle adulte, saine qui produit et engendre de multiples portées de nouveau-nés vivants
3.3
lot témoin
série de répliques contenant la solution témoin (3.4)
NOTE Dans la présente Norme internationale, 10 répliques constituent le lot témoin.
3.4
solution témoin
mélange de milieu d'essai et de nourriture sans l'échantillon soumis à essai
3.5
concentration effective produisant x % d'inhibition de la reproduction
CE
x
concentration estimée d'un échantillon pour essai produisant x % d'inhibition de la reproduction (3.7) par
rapport au lot témoin (3.3), ce qui représente un point de la concentration de l'échantillon pour essai qui
selon les estimations provoque un pourcentage donné de réduction d'une fonction biologique de caractère
quantitatif
3.6
nouveau-né
nouveau-né ou individu récemment éclos
NOTE Dans la présente Norme internationale, un nouveau-né est une daphnie de premier stade, âgée de moins de
24 h.
3.7
inhibition de la reproduction
comparaison portant sur le nombre de jeunes vivants engendrés par l'ensemble des adultes à la fin de l'essai
entre le lot d'essai (3.8) et le lot témoin (3.3)
3.8
lot d'essai
série de répliques contenant la même solution d'essai (3.9)
NOTE Dans la présente Norme internationale, 10 répliques constituent un lot d'essai.
3.9
solution d'essai
mélange constitué du milieu d'essai, de nourriture et de l'échantillon soumis à essai
4 Principe
De jeunes Ceriodaphnia dubia, âgées de moins de 24 h au début de l'essai sont exposées individuellement, à
une gamme de concentrations de l'échantillon soumis à essai pendant une période de (7 ± 1) jours. En
général, l'essai se termine après 7 jours une fois que 60 % des organismes témoins ont engendré leur
2 © ISO 2008 – Tous droits réservés

troisième portée. La mortalité des femelles adultes et leur reproduction sont contrôlées pendant toute la durée
d'exposition. Tout autre paramètre biologique pertinent peut également être étudié.
Les données obtenues permettent, en utilisant un modèle approprié, de calculer la concentration qui provoque
x % d'inhibition de la reproduction (CE ), par exemple CE , CE ou CE .
x 10 20 50
5 Environnement de l'essai
Réaliser l'essai dans une enceinte ou un local thermostaté permettant d'obtenir (25 ± 2) °C dans les récipients
d'essai. S'assurer qu'au cours d'un même essai la température ne varie pas plus de 2 °C.
Régler le cycle jour/nuit (photopériode) sur 16 h de jour et 8 h d'obscurité. Il est recommandé d'avoir un
éclairage (7.8) d'une intensité comprise dans une gamme de 100 lx à 600 lx au niveau de l'interface air/eau
dans les récipients d'essai (7.2). Ne pas agiter ni aérer les récipients d'essai.
Maintenir l'atmosphère exempte de vapeurs ou poussières toxiques. L'emploi de solutions témoins permet de
confirmer que l'essai se déroule bien dans une atmosphère exempte de vapeurs ou poussières toxiques.
6 Réactifs
Utiliser uniquement des réactifs de qualité analytique reconnue, sauf spécification contraire.
6.1 Organismes pour essai
Les Ceriodaphnia dubia nouveau-nées sont obtenues par parthénogenèse à partir de femelles adultes, sur au
moins trois générations dans les conditions de température, de photopériode et de nourriture identiques à
celles de l'essai.
Les Ceriodaphnia dubia utilisées pour l'essai doivent être âgées de moins de 24 h et doivent être issues d'une
portée comprenant au moins huit animaux nouvellement nés.
La veille de l'essai, isoler à partir de l'élevage une douzaine d'adultes (ou plus) âgés de plus de 6 jours et de
moins de 14 jours. Isoler chacun dans un récipient distinct contenant de la nourriture (6.4.1 ou 6.4.2) et du
milieu d'essai (6.3.2 ou 6.3.3). Avant l'essai, retirer les adultes des récipients et dénombrer la progéniture.
Éliminer tous les récipients contenant moins de huit jeunes vivants.
Les Ceriodaphnia dubia peuvent aussi provenir de l'éclosion d'éphippies achetées auprès d'une société
1)
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