SIST EN 939:2016

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2016
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 939:2009
Kemikalije, ki se uporabljajo za pripravo pitne vode - Klorovodikova kislina
Chemicals used for treatment of water intended for human consumption - Hydrochloric
acid
Produkte zur Aufbereitung von Wasser für den menschlichen Gebrauch - Salzsäure
Produits chimiques utilisés pour le traitement de l'eau destinée à la consommation
humaine - Acide chlorhydrique
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 939:2016
ICS:
13.060.20 Pitna voda Drinking water
71.100.80 .HPLNDOLMH]DþLãþHQMHYRGH Chemicals for purification of
water
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN 939
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
May 2016
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 71.100.80 Supersedes EN 939:2009
English Version
Chemicals used for treatment of water intended for human
consumption - Hydrochloric acid
Produits chimiques utilisés pour le traitement de l'eau Produkte zur Aufbereitung von Wasser für den
destinée à la consommation humaine - Acide menschlichen Gebrauch - Salzsäure
chlorhydrique
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 18 March 2016.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 939:2016 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Description . 6
3.1 Identification . 6
3.1.1 Chemical name . 6
3.1.2 Synonym or common names . 6
3.1.3 Relative molecular mass . 6
3.1.4 Empirical formula . 6
3.1.5 Chemical formula . 6
)
3.1.6 CAS Registry Number . 7
)
3.1.7 EINECS reference . 7
3.2 Commercial forms . 7
3.3 Physical properties . 7
3.3.1 Appearance . 7
3.3.2 Density . 7
3.3.3 Solubility . 7
3.3.4 Vapour pressure . 7
3.3.5 Boiling point at 100 kPa . 7
3.3.6 Melting or freezing point . 8
3.3.7 Specific heat . 8
3.3.8 Viscosity (dynamic) . 8
3.3.9 Critical temperature . 8
3.3.10 Critical pressure . 8
3.3.11 Physical hardness . 8
3.4 Chemical properties . 8
4 Purity criteria . 8
4.1 General . 8
4.2 Composition of commercial product . 8
4.3 Impurities and main by-products . 9
4.4 Chemical parameters . 9
5 Test methods . 9
5.1 Sampling . 9
5.2 Analysis . 9
5.2.1 Determination of hydrochloric acid content (main product) . 9
5.2.2 Impurities . 10
5.2.3 Chemical parameters . 14
6 Labelling – Transportation – Storage . 16
6.1 Means of delivery . 16
)
6.2 Labelling according to the EU legislation . 16
6.3 Transportation regulations and labelling . 18
6.4 Marking . 18
6.5 Storage . 18
6.5.1 Containers . 18
6.5.2 Long term stability . 18
6.5.3 Storage incompatibilities . 18
Annex A (informative) General information on hydrochloric acid . 19
A.1 Origin . 19
A.1.1 Raw materials . 19
A.1.2 Manufacturing process . 19
A.2 Use . 19
A.2.1 Function . 19
A.2.2 Form in which it is used. 19
A.2.3 Treatment dose . 19
A.2.4 Mean of application . 19
A.2.5 Secondary effects . 19
A.2.6 Removal of excess product . 20
A.3 Routine analyses . 20
Annex B (normative) General rules relating to safety . 21
B.1 Rules for safe handling and use . 21
B.2 Emergency procedures . 21
B.2.1 First aid . 21
B.2.2 Spillage . 21
B.2.3 Fire . 21
Annex C (normative) Determination of arsenic, antimony and selenium (atomic absorption
spectrometry hydride technique) . 22
C.1 Safety precautions . 22
C.2 General principle . 22
C.3 Interferences . 22
C.4 Reagents . 22
C.5 Apparatus . 24
C.6 Procedure . 26
C.6.1 Preparation of the apparatus . 26
C.6.2 Preparation of calibration solutions . 27
C.6.3 Preparation of test solutions and standard solutions . 27
C.6.4 Determination of arsenic with sodium borohydride . 27
C.6.5 Determination of selenium with sodium borohydride . 27
C.6.6 Determination of antimony with sodium borohydride . 28
C.7 Calculation. 28
Bibliography . 29

European foreword
This document (EN 939:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 164 “Water supply”,
the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2016, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2016.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
This document supersedes EN 939:2009.
Significant technical differences between this edition and EN 939:2009 are as follows:
a) deletion of reference to EU Directive 67/548/EEC of June 27, 1967 in order to take into account the
latest Regulation in force (see [2]);
b) use of the changed classification and labelling (see [2]).
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Introduction
In respect of potential adverse effects on the quality of water intended for human consumption, caused
by the product covered by this European Standard:
a) this European Standard provides no information as to whether the product may be used without
restriction in any of the Member States of the EU or EFTA;
b) it should be noted that, while awaiting the adoption of verifiable European criteria, existing
national regulations concerning the use and/or the characteristics of this product remain in force.
NOTE Conformity with this European Standard does not confer or imply acceptance or approval of the
product in any of the Member States of the EU or EFTA. The use of the product covered by this European Standard
is subject to regulation or control by National Authorities.
1 Scope
This European Standard is applicable to hydrochloric acid used for treatment of water intended for
human consumption. It describes the characteristics of hydrochloric acid and specifies the
requirements and the corresponding test methods for hydrochloric acid. It gives information on its use
in water treatment (see Annex A). It also determines the rules relating to safe handling and use of
hydrochloric acid (see Annex B).
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use — Specification and test methods (ISO 3696)
EN ISO 12846, Water quality — Determination of mercury — Method using atomic absorption
spectrometry (AAS) with and without enrichment (ISO 12846)
ISO 904, Hydrochloric acid for industrial use — Determination of total acidity — Titrimetric method
ISO 3165, Sampling of chemical products for industrial use — Safety in sampling
ISO 6206, Chemical products for industrial use — Sampling — Vocabulary
ISO 6685, Chemical products for industrial use — General method for determination of iron content —
1,10-Phenanthroline spectrophotometric method
ISO 8288, Water quality — Determination of cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium and lead — Flame
atomic absorption spectrometric methods
ISO 9174, Water quality — Determination of chromium — Atomic absorption spectrometric methods
3 Description
3.1 Identification
3.1.1 Chemical name
Hydrochloric acid.
3.1.2 Synonym or common names
Muriatic acid, hydrogen chloride.
3.1.3 Relative molecular mass
36,46.
3.1.4 Empirical formula
HCl.
3.1.5 Chemical formula
HCl.
1)
3.1.6 CAS Registry Number
7647-01-0.
2)
3.1.7 EINECS reference
231-595-7.
3.2 Commercial forms
The product is supplied as aqueous solutions of hydrochloric acid with mass fraction of 25 % to 38 %
(concentrated acid).
Dilutions of these solutions are also available.
3.3 Physical properties
3.3.1 Appearance
The solution is colourless to yellow and slightly fuming to strongly fuming, depending on concentration.
3.3.2 Density
The density is between 1,135 g/ml and 1,185 g/ml at 20 °C, depending on concentration.
3.3.3 Solubility
The product is miscible with water in any proportion.
3.3.4 Vapour pressure
The vapour pressure for HCl at mass fraction 30 % depending on temperature is given in Table 1.
Table 1 — Vapour pressure of hydrochloric acid solutions
Temperature p p p
total HCl H2O
°C kPa kPa kPa
20 2,13 1,41 0,72
50 13,73 9,46 4,27
3.3.5 Boiling point at 100 kPa
The boiling point of HCl depending on concentration is given in Table 2.
Table 2 — Boiling point of hydrochloric acid solutions
a
Concentration Boiling point at 100 kPa
Mass fraction in % °C
25 104
30 90
38 50,5
a
100 kPa = 1 bar.
1) Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number.
2) European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances.
3.3.6 Melting or freezing point
The melting or freezing point of HCl depending on concentration is given in Table 3.
Table 3 — Melting or freezing point
Concentration Melting or freezing point
Mass fraction in % °C
38 – 27
25 – 75
3.3.7 Specific heat
3,14 kJ/(kg · K) at 18 °C for HCl at mass fraction 16,83 %.
3.3.8 Viscosity (dynamic)
The viscosity of a HCl at mass fraction 30 %, solution at 15 °C, is 1,9 mPa.s.
3.3.9 Critical temperature
Not applicable.
3.3.10 Critical pressure
Not applicable.
3.3.11 Physical hardness
Not applicable.
3.4 Chemical properties
The solution of hydrochloric acid is a strong mineral acid.
4 Purity criteria
4.1 General
This European Standard specifies the minimum purity requirements for hydrochloric acid used for the
treatment of water intended for human consumption. Limits are given for impurities commonly present
in the product. Depending on the raw material and the manufacturing process other impurities may be
present and, if so, this shall be notified to the user and when necessary to relevant authorities.
Users of this product should check the national regulations in order to clarify whether it is of
appropriate purity for treatment of water intended for human consumption, taking into account raw
water quality, required dosage, contents of other impurities and additives used in the product not
stated in this product standard.
Limits have been given for impurities and chemical parameters where these are likely to be present in
significant quantities from the current production process and raw materials. If the production process
or raw materials leads to significant quantities of impurities, by-products or additives being present,
this shall be notified to the user.
4.2 Composition of commercial product
As concentrated acid the concentration of HCl solution shall be at least at mass fraction of 25 %.
More diluted solutions are commercially available; the concentration of hydrochloric acid shall be equal
to or greater than the manufacturer specified value.
4.3 Impurities and main by-products
The product shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 4.
Table 4 — Impurities
Impurity Limit
mg/kg of HCl
mass fraction 100 %
Iron (Fe) max. 170
Halogenated organic
compounds (as Cl) max. 17
4.4 Chemical parameters
The product shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 5.
Table 5 — Chemical parameters
Parameter Limit
mg/kg of HCl
mass fraction 100 %
Type 1 Type 2
Arsenic (As) max. 3 10
Cadmium (Cd) max. 1 5
Chromium (Cr) max. 3 10
Mercury (Hg) max. 0,5 3
Nickel (Ni) max. 3 10
Lead (Pb) max. 3 20
Antimony (Sb) max. 1 10
Selenium (Se) max. 5 10
NOTE Pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are not relevant
in HCl. Cyanide which does not exist in a very acidic media, such as
hydrochloric acid, is not a relevant chemical parameter. For parametric
values of hydrochloric acid on trace metal content in drinking water, see [1].
5 Test methods
5.1 Sampling
Observe the general recommendations of ISO 3165 and take ISO 6206 into account.
5.2 Analysis
5.2.1 Determination of hydrochloric acid content (main product)
The determination of total acidity is carried out by titration in accordance with ISO 904.
5.2.2 Impurities
5.2.2.1 Determination of iron content
5.2.2.1.1 Preparation of the test solution
In accordance with ISO 6685.
5.2.2.1.2 Procedure
In accordance with ISO 6685.
5.2.2.2 Determination of content of halogenated organic compounds
5.2.2.2.1 General
Halogenated organic compounds are determined as the extractable organic halogens (EOX). This
method applies to hydrochloric acid solutions with a content of EOX, expressed as chloride, exceeding
20 μg/l.
5.2.2.2.2 Principle
EOX are extracted from hydrochloric acid in two stages using heptane. The extract is burned in an oxy-
hydrogen flame. The mineralization products occurring in the condensate are determined on the basis
of an argentometric reaction or an equivalent method.
5.2.2.2.3 Reagents
All reagents shall be of a recognized analytical grade and the water used shall conform to grade 3 in
accordance with EN ISO 3696.
5.2.2.2.3.1 Sulfuric acid, (H SO , density (ρ) = 1,84 g/ml.
2 4
)
5.2.2.2.3.2 Hydrochloric acid (HCl) pure.
5.2.2.2.3.3 Sodium sulfate, (Na SO ).
2 4
Heat for 1 h at 600 °C to remove organic halogen compounds.
5.2.2.2.3.4 Heptane.
5.2.2.2.3.5 Oxygen, (O ).
5.2.2.2.3.6 Hydrogen, (H ).
5.2.2.2.3.7 Pentachlorophenol, (C Cl OH).
6 5
5.2.2.2.3.8 Halogen stock solution, ρ(Cl) = 100 mg/l.
Weigh 15,0 mg of pentachlorophenol (5.2.2.2.3.7) into a 100 ml volumetric flask; make up to volume
with heptane (5.2.2.2.3.4). This solution is stable for about one week.
5.2.2.2.3.9 Halogen standard solution, ρ(Cl) = 10 mg/l.
Pipette 10 ml of the halogen stock solution (5.2.2.2.3.8) into a 100 ml volumetric flask and make up to
volume with heptane (5.2.2.2.3.4). This solution is stable for about one week.
5.2.2.2.3.10 Sodium chloride, (NaCl).
5.2.2.2.3.11 Chloride stock solution, ρ(Cl) = 100 mg/l.
Dissolve 0,165 g of sodium chloride (5.2.2.2.3.10) in water and make up to volume with water in
a 1 000 ml volumetric flask.
5.2.2.2.3.12 Chloride standard solution, ρ(Cl) = 1 000 µg/l.
Pipette 10 ml of the chloride stock solution (5.2.2.2.3.11) into a 1 000 ml volumetric flask; make up to
volume with water.
Prepare a fresh solution prior to using.
5.2.2.2.4 Apparatus
Ordinary laboratory apparatus and the following:
5.2.2.2.4.1 Dispenser with selectable volume capacity 50 ml.
−1
5.2.2.2.4.2 Magnetic stirrer, for rotational speeds up to 1 100 min .
5.2.2.2.4.3 Combustion apparatus.
5.2.2.2.4.4 Halide detection apparatus, e.g. coulometer, electrode, photometer.
5.2.2.2.5 Procedure
5.2.2.2.5.1 Test portion
Weigh, to the nearest 0,1 g, about 300 g (m) of hydrochloric acid from the laboratory sample.
5.2.2.2.5.2 Test solution
Transfer 20 g of sodium sulfate (5.2.2.2.3.3) and the test portion (5.2.2.2.5.1) to a 1 000 ml one mark
volumetric flask. Immerse the volumetric flask in an ice bath, in order to prevent any increase in the
temperature. Make up to the mark with water. Carry out a blank determination using pure hydrochloric
acid (5.2.2.2.3.2) and follow the same analytical procedure as given in the method referred to.
5.2.2.2.5.3 Extraction
After introducing a magnetic stirring rod, add 25 ml of heptane (5.2.2.2.3.4) to the test solution
−1
(5.2.2.2.5.2), close the volumetric flask and stir the mixture for 10 min at a speed of about 1 100 min .
After phase separation (about 10 min) pipette off the extract carefully and as completely as possible
and transfer to a 50 ml volumetric flask.
Add to the test solution remaining in the volumetric flask 25 ml of heptane.
After closing the volumetric flask, stir the mixture again for 10 min under the same conditions. After
phase separation, pipette off the second extract and combine it with the first in the volumetric flask.
Make up to volume the total extract with heptane.
Depending on the moisture content, add at least 4 g of sodium sulfate (5.2.2.2.3.3) to the volumetric
flask; shake for about 2 min. Then let the salt settle.
A recovery of the extraction medium greater than 80 % shall be aimed at. If the recovery is lower, this
shall be noted in the test report.
5.2.2.2.5.4 Combustion of the organic extract
Depending on the content of halogens, burn an aliquot part of the extract volume in conformity with the
instructions of the manufacturer of the combustion apparatus (see 5.2.2.2.4.3).
a) Cleaning and preparation of the combustion apparatus:
If the apparatus has stood idle for some considerable time, take out the burner and substitute for it
a ground male tapered joint with tubing connector. Attach plastics tubing to the connector for
washing out the apparatus. Using this tubing, wash out the apparatus with about 5 l of hot water.
Insert the burner again, close the intake tap and allow combustion to continue for about 10 min.
Measure chloride in the condensate and again allow combustion for about 10 min. Continue this
procedure until the blank readings remain constant. Keep a record of the blank readings so that any
changes can be ascertained;
b) Combustion:
Take care that no sodium sulfate enters into the combustion space.
Adjust the intake rate so that the flame burns free of soot.
Use a volumetric flask of suitable volume, e.g. 50 ml, as receiver.
Dilute the condensate obtained to the volume with water.
5.2.2.2.5.5 Determination of halides in the combustion condensate
Determine the halides in the total volume, in an aliquot part, if necessary in the concentrate or in the
condensate.
To improve the limit of determination, the volume of the test solution, the volume of the extract and the
volume of the condensate may be chosen freely as a function of the content of halogenated organic
compounds: this shall be taken into account in the expression of results.
The ratio of the test solution volume to the volume of the extraction medium shall in any case be 20:1.
For the same reason, the aqueous solution of the mineralization products also may be evaporated in
quartz vessels.
5.2.2.2.5.6 Checking the mineralization
For checking the functional efficiency of the whole apparatus and the detection method, carry out the
treatment described in 5.2.2.2.5.4 to 5.2.2.2.5.5 twice using 10 ml of the halogen standard solution each
time. The recovery in terms of organically bonded chlorine shall be not less than 90 % for both portions
of standard solution.
5.2.2.2.5.7 Blank test
For determining the blank reading in each series, add 50 ml of heptane or 25 ml of heptane and 25 ml of
the further extraction medium to the same mass of sodium sulfate as in the measurement procedure,
mineralize corresponding aliquots analogously and detect.
The blank chloride readings shall both be greater than 60 μg per 50 ml of extraction medium.
Carry out three blank determinations; use the mean of these blank determinations to correct the test
solution reading.
5.2.2.2.5.8 Calibration curve
To suit the expected content of extractable organic halogens, prepare 10 portions of calibration solution
using aqueous sodium chloride solutions such their concentrations in equidistant step cover the
envisaged measuring range. For example, for the range from 20 μg/l to 200 μg/l of extractable organic
halogens (as chloride) proceed as follows.
Pipette into 10 100 ml volumetric flasks, between 2 ml and 20 ml of the chloride standard solution
(5.2.2.2.3.12). Fill up the flasks to the mark with water. Determine the mass concentration of chloride in
all 10 samples.
...