SIST-TS CEN/TS 14383-2:2023
(Main)Crime prevention through building design, urban planning and city maintenance - Part 2: Principles and process
Crime prevention through building design, urban planning and city maintenance - Part 2: Principles and process
This Technical Specification gives guidelines on methods for assessing and mitigating the risk of crime and/ or fear of crime/feelings of insecurity and measures, procedures and processes aimed at reducing these risks. Nowadays crime also includes terrorism (e.g. ram raiding attacks on soft targets in public places) and other new types of crimes (or modus operandi). Also new assessment methods are available (Intelligence-led Approaches, Predictive Policing) and last but not least new approaches to design are
available (Design Thinking, Systems Engineering Approaches, etc.).
Using social science methods and innovation tools from the design and planning world this Technical Specification will be based on innovating practical, evidence-based tools that meet end-user needs of designers, planners, maintenance people but also police, law enforcement and the security industry in their operational contexts.
Design guidelines are given for specific types of environments to prevent or counteract different crime problems consistently with the building design, urban planning and city maintenance documents. Furthermore, guidelines for a step by step process are presented to involve all stakeholders engaged in urban planning and environmental crime reduction as well as all other stakeholders mainly local and regional authorities and residents in the multi-agency action needed to minimize the risks of crime
and fear of crime. Reference will be made to the quickly changing and worldwide spreading approach of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED).
This Technical Specification provides principles and processes for building design, urban planning and city maintenance. This guidance can be applied for buildings, for a neighborhood or environment ranging from just a few houses or streets to the whole city with a focus on public spaces.
Kriminalprävention im öffentlichen Raum, in Gebäuden und in Anlagen durch Gebäudeplanung, Städtebau und Instandhaltung - Teil 2: Grundsätze und Verfahren
In diesem Dokument werden allgemeine Grundsätze und das Rahmenwerk für einen Prozess der Kriminalprävention durch Umweltgestaltung [en: Crime Prevention Through Enviornmental Design, CPTED] festgelegt.
Es legt die Abschätzung des Risikos von Kriminalitätsproblemen (Kriminalität und/oder Gefühle der Unsicherheit) und das Rahmenwerk, den Prozess, die Maßnahmen und die Verfahren, die das Ziel haben, diese Risiken in einer bestimmten neu zu errichtenden oder bestehenden Umgebung zu verringern, fest. Die in diesem Dokument behandelten Straftaten sind häufig opportunistischer Natur und umfassen Eigentumsdelikte (z. B. Einbruch, Diebstahl, Vandalismus, Taschendiebstahl, Brandstiftung), Gewaltdelikte (z. B. tätlicher Übergriff, Raub, Terrorismus, Belästigung, sexuelle Gewalt) sowie andere kriminelle Verhaltensweisen (siehe Anhang A). Die Entscheidung darüber, welche Arten von Straftaten in einen Ansatz einbezogen werden, muss auf lokaler Ebene getroffen werden und ist Teil der in diesem Dokument beschriebenen Prozesse und Verfahren. In Anhang A findet sich eine Übersicht über alle vorhersehbaren Arten von Straftaten in allen europäischen Sprachen. Gefühle der Unsicherheit sind in diesem Dokument ebenfalls als „Kriminalitätsproblem“ definiert.
Dieses Dokument enthält Leitlinien und Strategien für einen CPTED-Prozess in bestimmten Arten von Umgebungen mit dem Ziel, die Risiken potenzieller oder festgestellter Kriminalitätsprobleme zu eliminieren oder zu verringern. Es werden Leitlinien für einen schrittweisen Prozess zur Verfügung gestellt, mit dessen Hilfe alle an der Stadtplanung und an der Verringerung von raumbezogener Kriminalität beteiligten Stakeholder einzubeziehen sind. Darüber hinaus können auch alle anderen Stakeholder – vor allem lokale und regionale Behörden und Ortsansässige/Unternehmen/Institute – in die interdisziplinären Maßnahmen einbezogen werden, die zur Verringerung der Risiken von Kriminalitätsproblemen (Straftaten und Gefühle der Unsicherheit) auf ein Mindestmaß notwendig sind.
In diesem Dokument wird ein Prozess vorgestellt, der auf den Prozess der Planung sowohl neuer als auch bestehender städtischer Gebiete anwendbar ist. Bei einem solchen Gebiet kann es sich um ein Viertel oder eine Umgebung handeln, das bzw. die von einem einzelnen Gebäude über eine gewisse Anzahl an Gebäuden oder Straßen bis hin zu einem ganzen Stadtbezirk reicht. In diesem Dokument wird auch ein übergeordnetes Rahmenwerk vorgestellt, das häufig stadtweit — oder regional oder manchmal sogar national — und demokratisch für die regelmäßige Umsetzung von CPTED in bestimmten Gebieten und für bestimmte (neue/bestehende) Stadtplanungs-, gestaltungs- und verwaltungsprojekte legitimiert ist.
Dieses Dokument stellt allen maßgebenden Stakeholdern Leitlinien zur Verfügung, die darauf abzielen, das Risiko von Kriminalitätsproblemen in einer bestimmten festgelegten Umgebung zu verringern oder zu bewältigen.
Preprečevanje kriminala z načrtovanjem stavb, urbanističnim načrtovanjem in vzdrževanjem mesta - 2. del: Načela in postopek
Ta tehnična specifikacija vsebuje smernice o metodah za ocenjevanje in zmanjševanje tveganja kaznivih dejanj in/ali strahu pred kaznivimi dejanji/občutkov negotovosti ter ukrepe, postopke in procese za zmanjšanje teh tveganj. Dandanes so med kazniva dejanja vključeni tudi terorizem (npr. napadi na mehke cilje na javnih mestih) in druge nove vrste kaznivih dejanj (ali načini delovanja). Na voljo so tudi nove metode ocenjevanja (pristopi, ki temeljijo na obveščevalnih podatkih, napovedovalno policijsko delo), nenazadnje pa so na voljo tudi novi pristopi
pri snovanju (načrtovalno razmišljanje, pristopi sistemskega inženirstva itd.).
Ta tehnična specifikacija bo z uporabo družboslovnih metod in inovacijskih orodij iz sveta oblikovanja in načrtovanja temeljila na inoviranju praktičnih, na dokazih temelječih orodij, ki zadovoljujejo potrebe končnih uporabnikov, ki so snovalci, načrtovalci, vzdrževalci, pa tudi policija, organi pregona in uporabniki z varnostne industrije, pri njihovem operativnem delovanju.
Smernice za načrtovanje so podane za posebne vrste okolij z namenom preprečevanja in odpravljanja različnih težav s kriminaliteto v skladu z dokumenti za načrtovanje stavb, urbanistično načrtovanje in vzdrževanje mest. Poleg tega so predstavljene smernice za postopen proces, ki vključuje vse deležnike, vključene v urbanistično načrtovanje in zmanjševanje kriminalitete v okolju, ter vse druge deležnike, predvsem lokalne in regionalne organe ter prebivalce, v snovanje večstranskih ukrepov, potrebnih za zmanjšanje tveganj kaznivih dejanj
in strahu pred kaznivimi dejanji. Omenjen bo hitro spreminjajoči se in po vsem svetu razširjeni pristop preprečevanja kaznivih dejanj prek načrtovanja okolja (CPTED).
Ta tehnična specifikacija zagotavlja načela in postopke za načrtovanje stavb, urbanistično načrtovanje in vzdrževanje mest. Te smernice se lahko uporabljajo za stavbe, sosesko ali okolje, ki se razteza od nekaj hiš ali ulic do celotnega mesta s poudarkom na javnih prostorih.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST-TS CEN/TS 14383-2:2023
01-april-2023
Nadomešča:
SIST-TP CEN/TR 14383-2:2008
Preprečevanje kriminala z načrtovanjem stavb, urbanističnim načrtovanjem in
vzdrževanjem mesta - 2. del: Načela in postopek
Crime prevention through building design, urban planning and city maintenance - Part 2:
Principles and process
Kriminalprävention im öffentlichen Raum, in Gebäuden und in Anlagen durch
Gebäudeplanung, Städtebau und Instandhaltung - Teil 2: Grundsätze und Verfahren
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TS 14383-2:2022
ICS:
13.310 Varstvo pred kriminalom Protection against crime
91.020 Prostorsko planiranje. Physical planning. Town
Urbanizem planning
SIST-TS CEN/TS 14383-2:2023 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST-TS CEN/TS 14383-2:2023
CEN/TS 14383-2
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
December 2022
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
ICS 13.310; 91.020; 91.120.99 Supersedes CEN/TR 14383-2:2007
English Version
Crime prevention through building design, urban planning
and city maintenance - Part 2: Principles and process
Kriminalprävention im öffentlichen Raum, in Gebäuden
und in Anlagen durch Gebäudeplanung, Städtebau und
Instandhaltung - Teil 2: Grundsätze und Verfahren
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 14 November 2022 for provisional application.
The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to
submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.
CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS
available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in
parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TS 14383-2:2022 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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CEN/TS 14383-2:2022 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 5
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 General approach . 8
4.1 CPTED as risk management for the prevention/reduction of crime problems . 8
4.2 Assumptions of this document . 9
4.3 Content and process . 10
4.4 Focus on urban environments . 10
5 Principles of CPTED. 11
5.1 General. 11
5.2 CPTED: how to implement it and what to do. 11
5.2.1 General. 11
5.2.2 General principles on how to implement CPTED . 11
5.2.3 Principles on what to do to tackle and reduce crime problems [2] . 14
6 Framework (Responsible Body: leadership and commitment) . 15
6.1 General. 15
6.2 Responsible Body (RB) . 15
6.2.1 General. 15
6.2.2 Policy commitment . 15
6.2.3 Improvement . 15
6.2.4 Evaluation . 16
6.3 Making specific CPTED processes possible . 16
7 Specific CPTED process in one project/environment . 18
7.1 General. 18
7.2 Working Group . 20
7.2.1 General. 20
7.2.2 Two approaches: integrated or specialized . 20
7.2.3 Document identifying the Working Group programme . 20
7.3 Communication and consultation Responsible Body <-> Working Group . 21
7.3.1 General. 21
7.3.2 Working Group responsibilities . 21
7.3.3 Responsible Body decides . 21
7.4 Scope, context and criteria . 22
7.4.1 Specific Crime Prevention Statement (SCPS) . 22
7.4.2 Objectives/requirements. 22
7.5 Crime risk assessment and review . 22
7.5.1 General. 22
7.5.2 Crime risk identification . 23
7.5.3 Three categories of crime problems . 23
7.5.4 Crime risk analysis: where, what and who . 24
7.5.5 Crime risk evaluation (ex ante) . 27
7.6 Monitoring (during) and evaluating (afterwards) . 27
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7.6.1 General . 27
7.6.2 Ex post evaluation to learn . 28
7.7 Recording and reporting . 29
8 Examples for the application of risk management of crime problems . 29
8.1 Levels at which action can be taken . 29
Annex A (informative) Crime classification and further information . 34
A.1 Crime: how to classify 11 specific types in 24 languages . 34
A.1.1 Crime? . 34
A.1.2 International Classification of Crime. 34
A.1.3 European Classification of Crime . 35
A.1.4 How to use this information for your own practical purposes? . 37
A.1.5 Further information on data and mapping . 37
Annex B (informative) Crime Assessment (new environment) – Examples of elements to take
into account . 40
B.1 Introduction . 40
B.2 Risk assessment: three general aspects . 40
B.3 Specific risk assessment factors for types of crime and for feelings of insecurity . 41
Annex C (informative) Crime review – Problem identification in existing environments . 45
Annex D (informative) Level of intervention and CPTED strategies . 47
D.1 Strategies . 47
D.1.1 General . 47
D.1.2 Urban planning strategies . 47
D.1.3 Urban design strategies . 48
D.1.4 Management strategies . 48
D.1.5 How to choose appropriate strategies . 49
Annex E (informative) Feelings of insecurity . 50
E.1 Introduction . 50
E.2 Factors which characterize an “unsafe location”: . 50
E.2.1 Fear generating activities . 50
E.2.2 Vandalism and poor maintenance . 50
E.3 Problematic urban design . 51
E.3.1 General . 51
E.3.2 Lack of control . 51
E.3.3 Isolation – lack of visibility by others . 51
E.3.4 Lack of orientation and alternative routes . 51
Annex F (informative) Security framework of an urban project [2] . 52
F.1 The basic principles . 52
F.2 Urban planning strategies . 53
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F.2.1 Taking into account the existing social and physical structures . 53
F.2.2 Guaranteeing accessibility and avoiding enclaves . 53
F.2.3 Creating vitality (blending functions and attractive layout) . 53
F.2.4 Providing mixed status (blending socio-economic groups, avoiding isolation and
segregation) . 54
F.2.5 Creating adequate urban density to allow vitality and informal surveillance . 54
F.2.6 Avoiding physical barriers (due to infrastructures, etc.) and waste land. 54
F.3 Urban design strategies . 54
F.3.1 Layout (continuity of urban fabric and pedestrian and bicycle routes) . 54
F.3.2 Specific location of activities . 55
F.3.3 Time schedules coordination to guarantee continuous informal surveillance . 55
F.3.4 Visibility (overview, sight lines between e.g. dwellings and public space, lighting, etc.)
. 55
F.3.5 Accessibility (orientation, space to move, alternatives routes, limiting access for non-
authorized people) . 55
F.3.6 Territoriality (human scale, clear public/private zoning, compartmentalization) . 56
F.3.7 Attractiveness (colour, material, lighting, noise, smell, street furniture) . 56
F.3.8 Robustness (materials e.g. street furniture, fences) . 56
F.4 Management strategies. 57
F.4.1 Target hardening/removal . 57
F.4.2 Maintenance . 57
F.4.3 Surveillance (patrolling, camera monitoring) . 57
F.4.4 Rules (for conduct of the public in public spaces) . 58
F.4.5 Providing infrastructures for particular groups . 58
Annex G (informative) Wider perspectives and foundations of CPTED in: EU, Council of
Europe (COE) and UN . 59
G.1 General. 59
G.2 The European Urban Charter of the Council of Europe (COE, 1992) . 59
G.3 The COE Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of Europe (CLRAE, 1997) . 59
G.4 The EU Justice and Home Affairs council (2001) . 60
G.5 The EU Internal Security Strategy (ISS, 2010) . 60
G.6 The UN Sustainable Development Goals (2015) . 60
G.7 Urban Agenda for the EU (2017) . 61
G.8 The New Leipzig Urban Charter (2020) . 61
Bibliography . 62
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European foreword
This document (CEN/TS 14383-2:2022) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 325
“Prevention of crime by urban planning and building design”, the secretariat of which is held by ÚNMZ.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes CEN/TR 14383-2:2007.
CEN/TS 14383-2:2022 includes the following significant technical changes with respect to
CEN/TR 14383-2:2007:
— the revised document is supported from guidance given in ISO 31000:2018 and ISO 22341:2021;
— the content of CEN/TR 14383-2:2007 has been structured and edited accordingly;
— informative annexes have been added.
This Technical Specification belongs to the EN 14383 series, published under the general title “Prevention
of crime — Urban planning and building design”, which consists of the following parts:
— Part 1: Definition of specific terms;
— Part 2: Principles and process;
— Part 3: Dwellings;
— Part 4: Shops and offices;
— Part 5: Petrol stations;
— Part 6: Schools and educational institutions;
— Part 7: Design and management of public transport facilities;
— Part 8: Protection of buildings and sites against criminal attacks with vehicles.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
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Introduction
Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED; pronounced “Sep-Ted”) is a multi-disciplinary
approach to crime prevention that uses urban planning, architectural design and the urban maintenance
and management of specific environments to influence human behaviour to reduce the risk of crime and
the feelings of insecurity (see Annex E). Property crimes like theft, burglary and vandalism and violent
crimes like assaults, robberies, terrorism (see Annex A for an overview) as well as feelings of insecurity
have a significant negative impact on citizens’ quality of life, community cohesion and the security in the
1
urban environment. Those living in deprived neighbourhoods and vulnerable groups are often the most
seriously affected.
In this Technical Specification CPTED is defined as:
— an approach to prevent and/or reduce crime problems: crimes (specific types of crime including
terrorism; see Annex A and B for further specifications) and feelings of insecurity (see Annex E);
NOTE 1 In this Technical Specification the word ‘crime problem’ is used for prevalence of one or more types
of crime in a specific environment and/or the prevalence of feelings of insecurity; hence, crime problem = crime
and/or feelings of insecurity.
NOTE 2 Prevalence is the proportion of a population who – in a specific environment – have a specific
characteristic – becoming a crime victim and/or being fearful of crime – in a given time period.
— following a rational risk management approach (complying with ISO 31000:2018);
— through al multi-disciplinary, multi-agency or partnership process [5];
— by design, planning, economic/social/psychological approaches and management/maintenance in a
particular physical, social and governance/organisational environment (city, town, neighbourhood,
community or a specific place).
The process of applying CPTED is summarized in Figure 1. In this process the stakeholders choose
strategies and measures to reduce identified crime risks. To help stakeholders make this choice they may
use the strategies and measures as presented in Clause 5, Annex C.
Hence by adopting this Technical Specification the process described in Clause 6 is adopted while the
definitive choice of strategies and measures (see Clause 5, Annex C) is left to the stakeholders in a specific
project/environment and in the end to a Responsible Body (most often local and regional authorities
issuing rules for urban planning, building/planning codes, regulations and permits, management and
maintenance routines) involved in a concrete plan for building, reconstruction or the management of an
area.
This Technical Specification is an addition to the regular planning / management processes that already
exists in all member states of the EU, and these are not to be described here (e.g. planning and building
laws, levels of government and their responsibilities, etc.). Those regular planning/management process
are already firmly established and have not been, nor will be in the future, subject to this Technical
Specification. The only additional new feature resulting from the adoption of this Technical Specification
will be incorporation of measures to prevent and reduce crime problems.
1
Persons/groups that experience or perceive a higher risk for crime problems; e.g. minority groups, migrants,
elderly persons, handicapped people but also tourists
6
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1 Scope
This document establishes general principles and specifies the framework for a process of Crime
Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED).
It specifies the assessment of risk of crime problems (crime and/or feelings of insecurity) and the
framework, process, measures and procedures aimed at reducing these risks in a specific new to build or
existing environment. The crimes covered by this document are often of an opportunistic nature and are
crimes against property (e.g. burglary, theft, vandalism, pickpocketing, arson), violent crimes (e.g.
assaults, robbery, terrorism, harassment, sexual violence) as well as other criminal behaviour (see
Annex A). The exact choice of which types of crime will be included in an approach has to be taken locally
and is part of the processes and procedures described in this document. Annex A gives an overview of all
foreseeable types of crime in all European languages. Feelings of insecurity are also defined as a ‘crime
problem’ in this document.
This document provides guidelines and strategies for a CPTED-process in specific types of environments
to prevent or reduce the risks of potential or identified crime problems. Guidelines for a step-by-step
process are given to involve all stakeholders engaged in urban planning and environmental crime
reduction. It also allows for all other stakeholders to be engaged – mainly local and regional authorities
and residents/businesses/institutes – in the multi-disciplinary action needed to minimize the risks of
crime problems (crime and feelings of insecurity).
This document introduces a process that is applicable to the planning process of new, as well as existing,
urban areas. Such an area can be the neighbourhood or environment ranging from just one building to a
few buildings or streets to a whole district. This document also introduces a higher-level framework that
is often city wide – or regional or sometimes even national – and democratically legitimised for regular
implementing CPTED in specific areas and for specific (new/existing) urban planning, design and
management projects.
This document provides all relevant actors with guidelines aimed at reducing or managing the risk of
crime problems in a specific defined environment.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 14383-1:2006 and the following
apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
crime prevention through environmental design
CPTED
multi-disciplinary approach to crime prevention that uses urban planning, architectural design, urban
maintenance and management of specific environments to influence human behaviour to reduce the risk
of crime and feelings of insecurity
Note 1 to entry: The abbreviation CPTED is pronounced “Sep-Ted”.
Note 2 to entry: CPTED is a used worldwide as a crime management process (see also ISO 22341:2021).
7
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3.2
Responsible Body
RB
council, parliament or organisation that is responsible for implementing and managing the higher-level
framework principles and processes as specified in this Technical Specification
Note1 to entry: The Responsible Body is the higher political level of a municipality or region (sometimes even a
nation): the local/regional authorities, the local/regional government; a democratically legitimised organization.
See the circle ‘Framework’ in Figure 1 and Figure 4.
3.3
crime problem
any crime as defined in the UN document ICCS (The International Classification of Crime for Statistical
Purposes, UN 2015 and EU 2017; see Annex A) as well as feelings of insecurity
Note 1 to entry: The exact demarcation and definition(s) of the crime problem(s) should be made in the relevant
Responsible Body.
3.4
Working Group
WG
group of persons – often multi-disciplinary – representing the stakeholders of a CPTED project
implementing the CPTED principles and process in plans, designs and the regular city management and
maintenance
Note 1 to entry: The group implementing CPTED in a project in a specific environment. See the circle CPTED
process in Figure 1 and Figure 5.
4 General approach
4.1 CPTED as risk management for the prevention/reduction of crime problems
This document introduces a risk management approach for crime problems based on the principles,
framework and process outlined in this document, as illustrated in Figure 1. These components might
already exist in full or in part within a local or
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
kSIST-TS FprCEN/TS 14383-2:2022
01-september-2022
Preprečevanje kriminala z načrtovanjem stavb, urbanističnim načrtovanjem in
vzdrževanjem mesta - Načela in postopek
Crime prevention through building design, urban planning and city maintenance -
Principles and process
Kriminalprävention im öffentlichen Raum, in Gebäuden und in Anlagen durch
Gebäudeplanung, Städtebau und Instandhaltung - Teil 2: Grundsätze und Verfahren
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: FprCEN/TS 14383-2
ICS:
13.310 Varstvo pred kriminalom Protection against crime
91.020 Prostorsko planiranje. Physical planning. Town
Urbanizem planning
kSIST-TS FprCEN/TS 14383-2:2022 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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kSIST-TS FprCEN/TS 14383-2:2022
FINAL DRAFT
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
FprCEN/TS 14383-2
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
July 2022
ICS 13.310; 91.020 Will supersede CEN/TR 14383-2:2007
English Version
Crime prevention through building design, urban planning
and city maintenance - Principles and process
Kriminalprävention im öffentlichen Raum, in Gebäuden
und in Anlagen durch Gebäudeplanung, Städtebau und
Instandhaltung - Teil 2: Grundsätze und Verfahren
This draft Technical Specification is submitted to CEN members for Vote. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 325.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a Technical Specification. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change
without notice and shall not be referred to as a Technical Specification.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. FprCEN/TS 14383-2:2022 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page
European foreword . 5
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 General approach . 8
4.1 CPTED as risk management for the prevention/reduction of crime problems . 8
4.2 Assumptions of this document . 9
4.3 Content and process . 10
4.4 Focus on urban environments . 10
5 Principles of CPTED. 10
5.1 General. 10
5.2 CPTED: how to implement it and what to do. 11
5.2.1 General. 11
5.2.2 General principles on how to implement CPTED . 11
5.2.3 Principles on what to do to tackle and reduce crime problems [2] . 13
6 Framework (Responsible Body: leadership and commitment) . 14
6.1 General. 14
6.2 Responsible Body (RB) . 14
6.2.1 General. 14
6.2.2 Policy Commitment . 15
6.2.3 Improvement . 15
6.2.4 Evaluation . 15
6.3 Making specific CPTED processes possible . 15
7 Specific CPTED process in one project/environment . 18
7.1 General. 18
7.2 Working Group . 20
7.2.1 General. 20
7.2.2 Two approaches: integrated or specialized . 20
7.2.3 Document identifying the Working Group programme . 20
7.3 Communication and consultation Responsible Body <-> Working Group . 21
7.3.1 General. 21
7.3.2 Working Group responsibilities . 21
7.3.3 Responsible Body decides . 21
7.4 Scope, context and criteria . 22
7.4.1 Specific Crime Prevention Statement (SCPS) . 22
7.4.2 Objectives/requirements. 22
7.5 Crime risk assessment and review . 22
7.5.1 General. 22
7.5.2 Crime risk identification . 23
7.5.3 Three categories of crime problems . 23
7.5.4 Crime risk analysis: where, what and who . 24
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7.5.5 Crime risk evaluation (ex ante) . 27
7.6 Monitoring (during) and evaluating (afterwards) . 27
7.6.1 General . 27
7.6.2 Ex post evaluation to learn . 27
7.7 Recording and reporting . 28
8 Examples for the application of risk management of crime problems . 29
8.1 Levels at which action can be taken . 29
Annex A (informative) Crime classification and further information . 33
A.1 Crime: how to classify 11 specific types in 24 languages . 33
A.1.1 Crime? . 33
A.1.2 International Classification of Crime. 33
A.1.3 European Classification of Crime . 34
A.1.4 How to use this information for your own practical purposes? . 35
A.1.5 Further information on data and mapping . 36
Annex B (informative) Crime Assessment (new environment) – Examples of elements to take
into account . 39
B.1 Introduction . 39
B.2 Risk assessment: three general aspects . 39
B.3 Specific risk assessment factors for types of crime and for feelings of insecurity . 40
Annex C (informative) Crime review - Problem identification in existing environments . 44
Annex D (informative) Level of intervention and CPTED strategies . 46
D.1 Strategies . 46
D.1.1 General . 46
D.1.2 Urban planning strategies . 46
D.1.3 Urban design strategies . 47
D.1.4 Management strategies . 47
D.1.5 How to choose appropriate strategies . 48
Annex E (informative) Feelings of insecurity . 49
E.1 Introduction . 49
E.2 Factors which characterize an “unsafe location”: . 49
E.2.1 Fear generating activities . 49
E.2.2 Vandalism and poor maintenance . 49
E.3 Problematic urban design . 50
E.3.1 Lack of control . 50
E.3.2 Isolation - lack of visibility by others . 50
E.3.3 Lack of orientation and alternative routes . 50
Annex F (informative) Security framework of an urban project [2] . 51
F.1 The basic principles . 51
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F.2 Urban planning strategies . 52
F.2.1 Taking into account the existing social and physical structures . 52
F.2.2 Guaranteeing accessibility and avoiding enclaves . 52
F.2.3 Creating vitality (blending functions and attractive layout) . 52
F.2.4 Providing mixed status (blending socio-economic groups, avoiding isolation and
segregation) . 53
F.2.5 Creating adequate urban density to allow vitality and informal surveillance . 53
F.2.6 Avoiding physical barriers (due to infrastructures etc.) and waste land. 53
F.3 Urban design strategies . 53
F.3.1 Layout (continuity of urban fabric and pedestrian and bicycle routes) . 53
F.3.2 Specific location of activities . 54
F.3.3 Time schedules coordination to guarantee continuous informal surveillance . 54
F.3.4 Visibility (overview, sight lines between e.g. dwellings and public space, lighting, etc.)
. 54
F.3.5 Accessibility (orientation, space to move, alternatives routes, limiting access for non-
authorized people) . 54
F.3.6 Territoriality (human scale, clear public/private zoning, compartmentalization) . 55
F.3.7 Attractiveness (colour, material, lighting, noise, smell, street furniture) . 55
F.3.8 Robustness (materials e.g. street furniture, fences) . 55
F.4 Management strategies. 56
F.4.1 Target hardening/removal . 56
F.4.2 Maintenance . 56
F.4.3 Surveillance (patrolling, camera monitoring) . 56
F.4.4 Rules (for conduct of the public in public spaces) . 57
F.4.5 Providing infrastructures for particular groups . 57
Annex G (informative) Wider perspectives and foundations of CPTED in: EU, Council of
Europe (COE) and UN . 58
G.1 General. 58
G.2 The European Urban Charter of the Council of Europe (COE, 1992) . 58
G.3 The COE Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of Europe (CLRAE, 1997) . 58
G.4 The EU Justice and Home Affairs council (2001) . 59
G.5 The EU Internal Security Strategy (ISS, 2010) . 59
G.6 The UN Sustainable Development Goals (2015) . 59
G.7 Urban Agenda for the EU (2017) . 60
G.8 The New Leipzig Urban Charter (2020) . 60
Bibliography . 61
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European foreword
This document (FprCEN/TS 14383-2:2022) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 325
“Prevention of crime by urban planning and building design”, the secretariat of which is held by ÚNMZ.
This document is currently submitted to the vote on TS.
This document will supersede CEN/TR 14383-2:2007.
In comparison with the previous edition, the following technical modifications have been made:
• The revised document is supported from guidance given in ISO 31000:2018 and ISO 22341:2021.
• The content of CEN/TR 14383-2:2007 was structured and edited accordingly.
• Informative annexes are added.
This Technical Specification is one of a series for the “Prevention of crime - Urban planning and building
design” EN 14383, which consists of the following parts:
• Part 1: Definition of specific terms
• Part 2: Principles and process
• Part 3: Dwellings
• Part 4: Shops and offices
• Part 5: Petrol stations
• Part 6: Schools (publication scheduled for 2022-08-08)
• Part 7: Design and management of public transport facilities
• Part 8: Protection of buildings and sites against criminal attacks with vehicles
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Introduction
Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED; pronounced “Sep-Ted”) is a multi-disciplinary
approach to crime prevention that uses urban planning, architectural design and the urban maintenance
and management of specific environments to influence human behaviour to reduce the risk of crime and
the feelings of insecurity (see Annex E). Property crimes like theft, burglary and vandalism and violent
crimes like assaults, robberies, terrorism (see Annex A for an overview) as well as feelings of insecurity
have a significant negative impact on citizens’ quality of life, community cohesion and the security in the
1
urban environment. Those living in deprived neighbourhoods and vulnerable groups are often the most
seriously affected.
In this Technical Specification CPTED is defined as:
• an approach to prevent and/or reduce crime problems: crimes (specific types of crime including
terrorism; see Annex A and B for further specifications) and feelings of insecurity (see Annex E),
NOTE 1 In this Technical Specification the word ‘crime problem’ is used for prevalence of one or more types
of crime in a specific environment and/or the prevalence of feelings of insecurity; hence, crime problem = crime
and/or feelings of insecurity
NOTE 2 Prevalence is the proportion of a population who – in a specific environment - have a specific
characteristic – becoming a crime victim and/or being fearful of crime - in a given time period
• following a rational risk management approach (complying to ISO 31000:2018),
• through al multi-disciplinary, multi-agency or partnership process [5],
• by design, planning, economic/social/psychological approaches and management/maintenance in a
particular physical, social and governance/organisational environment (city, town, neighbourhood,
community or a specific place).
The process of applying CPTED is summarized in Figure 1. In this process the stakeholders choose
strategies and measures to reduce identified crime risks. To help stakeholders make this choice they may
use the strategies and measures as presented in Clause 5, Annex C.
Hence by adopting this Technical Specification the process described in Clause 6 is adopted while the
definitive choice of strategies and measures (see Clause 5, Annex C) is left to the stakeholders in a specific
project/environment and in the end to a Responsible Body (most often local and regional authorities
issuing rules for urban planning, building/planning codes, regulations and permits, management and
maintenance routines) involved in a concrete plan for building, reconstruction or the management of an
area.
This Technical Specification is an addition to the regular planning / management processes that already
exists in all member states of the EU, and these are not to be described here (e.g. planning and building
laws, levels of government and their responsibilities, etc.). Those regular planning/management process
are already firmly established and have not been, nor will be in the future, subject to this Technical
Specification. The only additional new feature resulting from the adoption of this Technical Specification
will be incorporation of measures to prevent and reduce crime problems.
1
Persons/groups that experience or perceive a higher risk for crime problems; e.g. minority groups, migrants,
elderly persons, handicapped people but also tourists
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1 Scope
This document establishes general principles and specifies the framework for a process of Crime
Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED).
It specifies the assessment of risk of crime problems (crime and/or feelings of insecurity) and the
framework, process, measures and procedures aimed at reducing these risks in a specific new to build or
existing environment. The crimes covered by this document are often of an opportunistic nature and are
crimes against property (e.g. burglary, theft, vandalism, pickpocketing, arson), violent crimes (e.g.
assaults, robbery, terrorism, harassment, sexual violence) as well as other criminal behaviour (see
Annex A). The exact choice of which types of crime will be included in an approach has to be taken locally
and is part of the processes and procedures described in this document. Annex A gives an overview of all
foreseeable types of crime in all European languages. Feelings of insecurity are also defined as a ‘crime
problem’ in this document.
This document provides guidelines and strategies for a CPTED-process in specific types of environments
to prevent or reduce the risks of potential or identified crime problems. Guidelines for a step-by-step
process are given to involve all stakeholders engaged in urban planning and environmental crime
reduction. It also allows for all other stakeholders to be engaged - mainly local and regional authorities
and residents/businesses/institutes - in the multi-disciplinary action needed to minimize the risks of
crime problems (crime and feelings of insecurity).
This document introduces a process that is applicable to the planning process of new, as well as existing,
urban areas. Such an area can be the neighbourhood or environment ranging from just one building to a
few buildings or streets to a whole district. This document also introduces a higher-level framework that
is often city wide – or regional or sometimes even national – and democratically legitimised for regular
implementing CPTED in specific areas and for specific (new/existing) urban planning, design and
management projects.
This document provides all relevant actors with guidelines aimed at reducing or managing the risk of
crime problems in a specific defined environment.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 14383-1:2006 and the following
apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
crime prevention through environmental design
CPTED
multi-disciplinary approach to crime prevention that uses urban planning, architectural design, urban
maintenance and management of specific environments to influence human behaviour to reduce the risk
of crime and feelings of insecurity
Note 1 to Entry: The abbreviation CPTED is pronounced “Sep-Ted”.
Note 2 to Entry: CPTED is a used worldwide as a crime management process (see also ISO 22341:2021)
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3.2
Responsible Body
RB
council, parliament or organisation that is responsible for implementing and managing the higher-level
framework principles and processes as specified in this Technical Specification
Note1 to entry The Responsible Body is the higher political level of a municipality or region (sometimes even a
nation): the local/regional authorities, the local/regional government; a democratically legitimised organization.
See the circle ‘Framework’ in Figure 1 and Figure 4.
3.3
crime problem
any crime as defined in the UN document ICCS (The International Classification of Crime for Statistical
Purposes, UN 2015 and EU 2017; see Annex A) as well as feelings of insecurity
Note 1 to entry The exact demarcation and definition(s) of the crime problem(s) should be made in the relevant
Responsible Body.
3.4
working group
WG
group of persons - often multidisciplinary - representing the stakeholders of a CPTED project
implementing the CPTED principles and process in plans, designs and the regular city management and
maintenance
Note 1 to entry The group implementing CPTED in a project in a specific environment. See the circle CPTED
process in Figure 1 and Figure 5.
4 General approach
4.1 CPTED as risk management for the prevention/reduction of crime problems
This document introduces a risk management approach for crime problems based on the principles,
framework and process outlined in this document, as illustrated in Figure 1. These components might
already exist in full or in part within a local or regional setting like a municipality or region, however,
they might need to be adapted or improved so that risk management of crime problems is efficient,
effective and consistent using CPTED principles, processes and experts as tools.
In this document two levels are distinguished:
• the higher political level of a municipality or region (sometimes even a nation): the local authorities,
the local government. A democratically legitimised organization which is called ‘the Responsible
Body or RB’. See the circle ‘Framework’ in Figure 1 and Figure 4.
• the - often multidisciplinary - Working Group implementing the CPTED principles and process in
plans, designs and the regular city management and maintenance; implementing CPTED in a project
in a specific environment. See the circle process of CPTED in Figure 1 and Figure 5.
Both levels are guided by general CPTED-principles for the reduction of crime problems (= crime and
feelings of insecurity) to ensure and enhance the quality of life.
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Figure 1 — Principles (How to do CPTED and What to do by CPTED), framework and specific
CPTED process for managing cr
...
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