ISO 843:1997

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ISO 843:2005
01-november-2005
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Information and documentation -- Conversion of Greek characters into Latin characters
Information et documentation -- Conversion des caractères grecs en caractères latins
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 843:1997
ICS:
01.140.10 3LVDQMHLQSUHþUNRYDQMH Writing and transliteration
SIST ISO 843:2005 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST ISO 843:2005

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SIST ISO 843:2005
ISO
INTERNATIONAL
843
STANDARD
First edition
1997-01-15
Corrected and reprinted
1999-05-01
Information and documentation -
Conversion of Greek characters into Latin
characters
- Conversion des caractkres grecs en
Information et documen ta tion
carac t&res Ia tins
Reference number
ISO 843:1997(E)

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SIST ISO 843:2005
ISO 843:1997(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national Standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of
preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Esch member body interested in a subject for
which a technical committee has been established has the right to be
represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission
(IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are
circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting
a vote.
International Standard ISO 843 was prepared by Technical Committee
lSO/TC 46, Information and documentation, Subcommittee SC 2
I
Conversion of written languages.
lt cancels and replaces ISO Recommendation R 843:1968, of which it
constitutes a technical revision.
Annex A forms an integral part of this International Standard. Annexes B
and C are for information only.
0 ISO1997
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be
reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronie or mechanical, including
photocopying and microfilm, without permission In writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardizatron
Case Postale 56 a CH-1 211 Geneve 20 l Switzerland
Printed in Switzerland

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SIST ISO 843:2005
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD @ ISO ISO 843: 1997(E)
INFORMATION AND DOCUMENTATION - CONVERSION OF
GREEK CHARACTERS INTO LATIN CHARACTERS
1 SCOPE
This International Standard establishes a System for the transliteration and/or transcription of Greek characters
into Latin characters. This System provides for two sets of rules, each constituting a type of conversion, which
are:
- Type 1, transliteration of Greek characters into Latin characters
- Type 2, transcription of Greek characters into Latin characters
This System applies to the characters of the Greek script, independent of the period in which it is or was used,
i.e. it applies to monotoniko and polytoniko scripts from all periods of Classic or Modern Greek (archaic,
,
alexandrian, hellenistic, byzantine? katharevousa, dimotiki etc.) as well as any other ferm of writing using the
Greek script.
Definitions and explanations for the terms used (transliteration, transcription etc.) appear in Annex A.
This International Standard does not strictly define which type of conversion shall be used in an application. An
application that needs some kind of mapping of Greek characters into Latin characters tan choose one, and only
one, of these types for a specific purpose. The application must explicitly declare the type adopted.
This International Standard, however, recommends a preferable way of using the various types of conversion:
- Type 1 (transliteration) tan be used in information exchange of bibliographic references, directory Services and
cases where the original text may be unavailable but still needs to be reconstituted. This type tan be used in every
case that requires the unique conversion of the transliterated word to its original form (Greek characters) by
persons not knowing the Greek language or by machines (e.g. from information technology applications,
telematic Services and others from the area of communications).
- Type 2 (transcription) tan be used in identity cards, passports, road signs, map citations and other cases where
the correct pronunciation of the Greek word takes precedence over the need for reconstitution of the original
form. In cases like these, other means of ensuring the relationship between the original and the converted word
tan be used.
A table showing one method for reversible transcription is given in Annex B (Informative). Other methods for
reversible transcription may also be used.
The user should be aware that ordering Problems may occur as a result of the transliteration/transcription process.
2 CHARACTER REPERTOIRES INVOLVED IN THE CONVERSION PROCESS
In this International Standard two Character repertoires are identified:
a. The complete graphic Character repertoire used in any form of writing of the Greek script. This repertoire
constitutes t.he collection of all non-combined characters that appear in Tables 9, 33 and 34 of
ISO/IEC 10646-1: 1993 plus 6 characters (Stigma, Digamma, Koppa, Sampi, Byzantino/Lunate Sigma and Yot) from
Table 10 and one Character (dialytika) from Table 8 of the International Standard ISO/IEC 10646- 1 : 1993.
b. A graphic Character repertoire used by the Latin script. This includes graphic characters that are in usage in
many Latin-oriented languages. The Latin characters are derived fi-om table 1 and table 2 of ISO/IEC 10646- 1:
1993. The Character “Combining macron ”, derived fiom Table 8 of the ISO/IEC 10646-1, tan be used in certain
applications. (An alternative Source for the Latin repertoire is ISO/IEC 8859-1).
The graphical representation of Greek and Latin characters used in the transliteration / transcription tables is
indicative. The correct representation is beyond the purpose of this International Standard.
1

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SIST ISO 843:2005
ISO 843: 1997(E)
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD @ 1SO
The references mentioned do not impose any requirements on the coding of the characters, nor do they restritt
the ability ofthose who Perform the conversion (human beings or machines) to handle more characters than those
included in these two repertoires.
3 TRANSLITERATION AND TRANSCRIPTION TABLES
3.1 Transliteration and transcription of Alphabetical characters.
Table 1: Transliteration
T
GREEK CHARACTER LATIN CHARACTER
A,a
1 A,a
3 v, v
2 Bß
Gg
3 I-7
D’ d
4 i 6
i
5
E’ E
> E, e
7 z, =
6 ZL
9
i iorI-,i-
7 0
TH, th
8 0, 8
11 .
9 1 c
10 #,K ik
?
LI
11 A,h
Mm
12 M,p
N, ‘ll
13 N,v
x, x
14 -5 c1
0, 0
15 o:o
Pp
16 II,n
7
17 P,p r
R,
18 Z,o,c
s, s, s (2)
19 TJ
T, t
Yy
20 Y, 2)
7
21 fD,cp
F, f
CH, ch
2 3 XX
23 >
PS, ps
Yy/
24 n: 03
ö,ö orO-,o-
Note 1 - Combinations of two or more characters are transliterated according to the provisions laid down for each
independent Character. The only exception to this rule for transliteration is the conversion of the Greek double vowels AY,
au, EY, E ’U: OY, ou which are mapped into Latin as AU, au, EU, eu, OU, ou respectively.
Note 2 - The Greek Character 5 (oiypa ZELLKO -
Sigma final) is transliterated into Latin s, the same as for the Greek
Character a (oiypa - Sigma ). The Character 0 is used at the beginning or in the middle of a word, while the Character 5 is
used at the end of the word.
The transliterating medium (human or machine) should, when in the process of converting the transliterated text back to
the original Greek text, read the Character of the string that follows s. In cases where the Latin s is followed by an
alphabetic Character or hyphenation then the s is transliterated into 0. In any other case (for example when it is followed
by a space, mark, Symbol, etc.) the Latin s is transliterated into the Greek Character 5.

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SIST ISO 843:2005
ISO 843: 1997(E)
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD @ ISO
Table 2: Transcription
GREEK CHARACTERS
LATIN CHARACTERS
1 2
3
Greek
Combinations of Transcription
characters
Greek characters
1
A, a A. a
2
(AI, al) (8) AI, ai
3 (AI, On> (8)
AI, ai
4 (Ai> ai) (8)
AI, ai‘
5 AY- CFU (3) (10)
AV, av
6
AY> ccu (4) (10) AF.af
7
AY> ccu (9) AY. ay
8 B-ß v, v
G, g
,9 r,y
10 IT,Ty Nb. ng
11 GK gk
F-K YK) (8)
12 I-E. yi N-x: nix
13
rx. yx NCH, nch
, 14 A,S D, d
15 E,E E. e
16 (EI, ~1) (8) EI. ei
17 (EI. Et) (8) EI: ei
18 (EI, Ei ’) (8) EI. e ’i
19 EY. E ’U (3) (10) EV. ev
20 EY, EZ) (4) (10) EF- ef
21 EY, E ’U (9) EYI ey
2. z
22 2, c
1, i
23 H,q
(3) (10) IV, iv
24 HY. ?-pl
IF? if
25 HY, ?-)u (4) (10)
26 c13YI qu) (9) IYI iy
27 0. 0 TI3J.h
28 1: t 1. i
29 K>K
K: k
30 A,3L L. 1
31 M-J, M. m
MII, px (5) (7)
32 B, b
33 Mn p7I (6) MP, mp
34 N,v N, n
35 (NT. vz) (8) NT, nt
36 z. c x, x
37 0.0 0‘ 0
38 (01. ot) (8) 01, oi
39 (01. 01) (8) 01. Oi
40 (01: ot) (8) 01‘ OE
41 OY, 02) ou, ou
(OY> 02)) (9) OY, oy
42
P. p
43 n. ‘TI:
Rr
44 PI p
s. s, s (2)
45 c. GT c
46 T. z T. t
47 Y. 2) Y- Y
48 (YI- w) (8) YI. vi
F. f
49 0. q-J
50 X. x CH. ch
51 Y.v PS. ps
0. 0
52 Q. 0
3

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SIST ISO 843:2005
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD @ ISO ISO 843: 1997(E)
Notes to table 2
Note 3 - Used before the characters ß, y, 6, 6, h, u, v, p and all the vowels.
Note 4 - Used before the characters 0, K, 5, q O, 2, (p, x w and at the end of the word.
Note 5 - At the beginning of the word.
Note 6 - In the middle of the word.
Note 7 - At the end of the word.
Note 8 - The combinations of Greek characters, that are in parentheses, are presented in Table 2 only for clarification.
They are converted accordmg to the provisions laid down for each independent Character.
Note 9 - They arc conver-ted according to the provisions laid down for each independent Character when the vowel before II
has an accent or when the u has dialytika.
Note 10 - ui the conversion of the combinations au, EV, qu, when they have an accent, the accent is transferred to the vowel
(e-g. av, af, IV, tf, w, vf).
General notes applying to both transliteration and transcription:
Note 11 - Ifthe conversion of a Greek letter gives rise to a double capital in Latin which is followed by lowercase text ( for
example at the beginning of a sentence after a full stop mark) the second, third, etc. Latin capital letter may for aesthetic
Chara instead of CHara, Thalassa instead of THalassa, Psari instead of PSari).
reasons be rendered in lowercase (e.g.
Note 12 - The converting medium must be aware that the special mark (macron) above or after the Latin characters is
obligatory for the correct conversion of the Character. However, the size of this special mark and its accurate graphical
representation or Position is not the subject of this International Standard. Use of another Character to Substitute macron
where it is unavailable, is not prohibited but it is done at the user ’s risk.

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SIST ISO 843:2005
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD @ ISO
ISO 843: 1997(E)
3.2 Conversion of non-alphabetical characters (used in transliteration and transcription)
The non-alphabetical characters, as defned in this International Standard, are converted as follows (There are no
differentes in transliteration or transcription conceming the conversion of the non - alphabetical characters. The
non-alphabetical characters are divided into those used in the modern monotoniko form of writing and those used
in any other form of writing using the Greek script):
Table 3: Conversion of non-alphabetical characters
1 LATIN CHARACTER
GREEK CHARACTER
Monotoniko Polytoniko Transliteration /
TranscriDtion --
1
’ (ACUTE ACCENT)
’ (TONOS)
2
’ (OXEIA) ’ (ACUTE ACCENT)
3
’ (VAREIA) ’ (GRAVE ACCENT)
N
4
(PERISPOMENI) A (CIRCUMFLEX)
5
‘- (DIALYTIKA) *- (DIALYTIKA) ‘- (DIAERESIS)
6
; (EROTIMATIKO) ; (EROTIMATIKO) ? (QUESTION MARK)
7
. (TELEIA) . (TELEIA) . (FULL STOP)
8
l (AN0 TELEIA) l (AN0 TELEIA) ; (SEM1 COLON)
9 1 : (AN0 - KATO TELEIA) 1 : (AN0 - KATO TELEIA) ) : (COLON)
1 , (KOMMA)
10 1 , (KOMMA)
I 3 (COMMA)
11
! (THAYMASTIKO) ! (THAYMASTIKO) ! (EXCLAMATION MARK)
12
’ (APOSTROFOS) ’ (APOSTROPHE)
’ (APOSTROFOS)
’ (KORONIS)
’ (APOSTROPHE)
I
l3 I I
14
’ (PSILI) ’ (APOSTROPHE)
15
’ (DASEIA) h
16 , (CEDILLA)
,, (YPOGEGRAMMENI)
17 , (CEDILLA)
1 (PROSGEGRAMMENI)
w (ENOTIKON)
18 - (HYPHEN)
I I
1
Table 4: Conversion of Archaic characters
Archaikoi Charaktires Transliteration /
Transcription
W
1 F (DIGAMMA)
.
2 j (GIOT)
J
1
1 c (BYZANTINO SIGMA) 1 s
13 I
5

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SIST ISO 843:2005
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD @ ISO ISO 843: 1997(E)
Table 5: Greek numerical Symbols and their correspondence to decimal numbers
7
I I
A a’ =l t’ =lO
TF- 0’ =lOO--
II
I I f f
-
-
B 2 K lc’ =20 c 0’ =200
ß
I r I I
/
- -
- -
r 3 A h 30 T =300
Y z’
~~~ _~
I r
I I /
- -
- -
A 4 M 40 Y
6 ll’ =400
I-1
I r I /
N v’ =50
E E’ =5 CD =500
(P
r
nI /
r r
-
-
=6
5
tz 60 X =600
5
x
r r 7 r I
-
-
0’ =70
Z c 7 Pl? =700
IO V
I r
I I
-
-
H 8 n’ =80 d =800
J-l IQ
I
...