ISO 14004:2004
(Main)Environmental management systems - General guidelines on principles, systems and support techniques
Environmental management systems - General guidelines on principles, systems and support techniques
ISO 14004:2004 provides guidance on the establishment, implementation, maintenance and improvement of an environmental management system and its coordination with other management systems. The guidelines in ISO 14004:2004 are applicable to any organization, regardless of its size, type, location or level of maturity. While the guidelines in ISO 14004:2004 are consistent with the ISO 14001:2004 environmental management system model, they are not intended to provide interpretations of the requirements of ISO 14001:2004.
Systèmes de management environnemental — Lignes directrices générales concernant les principes, les systèmes et les techniques de mise en oeuvre
L'ISO 14004:2004 donne des lignes directrices concernant l'établissement, la mise en oeuvre, la mise à jour et l'amélioration d'un système de management environnemental, en indiquant comment le coordonner aux autres systèmes de management existants. Ces lignes directrices sont applicables à tout organisme, indépendamment de sa taille, de sa localisation, de sa nature ou de son niveau de maturité. Les lignes directrices de l'ISO 14004:2004 sont cohérentes avec le modèle de systèmes de management environnemental de l'ISO 14001: 2004, mais n'ont pas pour objet de fournir une interprétation des exigences de l'ISO 14001:2004.
Sistemi ravnanja z okoljem - Splošne smernice o načelih, sistemih in podpornih tehnikah
General Information
Relations
Frequently Asked Questions
ISO 14004:2004 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Its full title is "Environmental management systems - General guidelines on principles, systems and support techniques". This standard covers: ISO 14004:2004 provides guidance on the establishment, implementation, maintenance and improvement of an environmental management system and its coordination with other management systems. The guidelines in ISO 14004:2004 are applicable to any organization, regardless of its size, type, location or level of maturity. While the guidelines in ISO 14004:2004 are consistent with the ISO 14001:2004 environmental management system model, they are not intended to provide interpretations of the requirements of ISO 14001:2004.
ISO 14004:2004 provides guidance on the establishment, implementation, maintenance and improvement of an environmental management system and its coordination with other management systems. The guidelines in ISO 14004:2004 are applicable to any organization, regardless of its size, type, location or level of maturity. While the guidelines in ISO 14004:2004 are consistent with the ISO 14001:2004 environmental management system model, they are not intended to provide interpretations of the requirements of ISO 14001:2004.
ISO 14004:2004 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 03.100.70 - Management systems; 13.020.10 - Environmental management. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ISO 14004:2004 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ISO 14004:2016, SIST ISO 14004:2001, ISO 14004:1996. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
You can purchase ISO 14004:2004 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of ISO standards.
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 14004
Second edition
2004-11-15
Environmental management systems —
General guidelines on principles, systems
and support techniques
Systèmes de management environnemental — Lignes directrices
générales concernant les principes, les systèmes et les techniques de
mise en œuvre
Reference number
©
ISO 2004
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall
not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the
unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
©
ii ISO 2004 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Environmental management system elements . 5
4.1 General . 5
4.2 Environmental policy . 8
4.3 Planning . 10
4.4 Implementation and operation . 19
4.5 Checking . 28
4.6 Management review . 32
Annex A (informative) Examples of correspondence between environmental management system
elements . 34
Bibliography . 39
©
ISO 2004 – All rights reserved iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 14004 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 207, Environmental management, Subcommittee
SC 1, Environmental management systems.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 14004:1996), which has been technically
revised.
©
iv ISO 2004 – All rights reserved
Introduction
As concern grows for continually improving the quality of the environment, organizations of all types and sizes
are increasingly turning their attention to the environmental impacts of their activities, products and services.
The environmental performance of an organization is of importance to internal and external interested parties.
Achieving sound environmental performance requires organizational commitment to a systematic approach and
to continual improvement of an environmental management system (EMS).
The general purpose of this International Standard is to provide assistance to organizations that wish to
implement or improve an environmental management system and thereby improve their environmental
performance. This International Standard is consistent with the concept of sustainable development and
compatible with diverse cultural, social and organizational frameworks and systems of management.
This International Standard can be used by organizations of all types, sizes and levels of maturity, and in all
sectors and geographic locations. The special needs of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are
incorporated, and this International Standard accommodates their needs and promotes their use of an
environmental management system.
This International Standard is part of the series of environmental management standards established by
ISO/TC207. In this series, only ISO14001 contains requirements that may be objectively audited for
certification/registration purposes or for self-declaration purposes. This International Standard includes
examples, descriptions and options that aid both in the implementation of an environmental management
system and in strengthening its relation to the overall management of an organization. While the guidelines in
this International Standard are consistent with the ISO 14001 environmental management system model, they
are not intended to provide interpretations of the requirements of ISO 14001. For ease of use, the subclauses
of Clause 4 of ISO 14001 have the same numbering as in ISO 14004. However, the latter has extra subclauses
(e.g. 4.3.1.1 or 4.3.3.3), where detailed or additional guidance for an effective environmental management
system implementation is considered useful. Apart from this International Standard and ISO 14001, there are
numerous other environmental management standards in the series of International Standards established by
ISO/TC 207. A reference to and description of these International Standards can be found in the ISO publication
The ISO 14000 Family of International Standards.
This International Standard describes the elements of an environmental management system and provides
organizations with guidance on how to establish, implement, maintain or improve an environmental
management system. Such a system can substantially enhance an organization's ability to anticipate, identify
and manage its interactions with the environment, meet its environmental objectives and ensure ongoing
compliance with applicable legal requirements and with other requirements to which the organization
subscribes.
Examples and approaches are presented throughout this International Standard for illustrative purposes. They
are not intended to represent the only possibilities, nor are they necessarily suitable for every organization. In
designing and implementing or improving an environmental management system, organizations should select
approaches that are appropriate to their own circumstances. Environmental management is an integral part of
an organization's overall management system. The design of an environmental management system is an
ongoing and interactive process. The structure, responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes and
resources for implementing environmental policies, objectives and targets can be coordinated with existing
efforts in other areas (e.g. operations, finance, quality, occupational health and safety).
For ease of reading and understanding this International Standard, practical help and general guidance have
been separated out and are shown as boxed text.
©
ISO 2004 – All rights reserved v
Key tasks for managers establishing, implementing, maintaining or improving an environmental management
system include the need to
— recognize that environmental management is among the highest organizational priorities,
— establish and maintain communication and constructive relations with internal and external interested
parties,
— identify the environmental aspects of the organization's activities, products and services,
— identify the legal requirements and other requirements to which the organization subscribes, that relate to
the organization's environmental aspects,
— ensure the commitment of management and all persons working for or on behalf of the organization to the
protection of the environment, with clear assignment of accountability and responsibility,
— encourage environmental planning throughout the product or service life cycle,
— establish a process for achieving environmental objectives and targets,
— provide appropriate and sufficient resources, including training, to comply with applicable legal
requirements and with other requirements to which the organization subscribes, and to achieve
environmental objectives and targets on an ongoing basis,
— evaluate environmental performance against the organization's environmental policy, objectives and targets
and seek improvement where appropriate,
— establish a management process to audit and review the environmental management system and to identify
opportunities for improvement of the system and resulting environmental performance, and
— encourage contractors and suppliers to establish an environmental management system.
Organizations may use this International Standard, or related ISO documents, in various ways, including
— as guidance to establish, implement, maintain or improve its environmental management system, knowing
that this International Standard is not intended for self-declaration or other conformity assessment
purposes, and
— in support of the implementation or improvement of its environmental management system.
The choice will depend on factors such as
— an organization's goals,
— the maturity of an organization's management systems (i.e. whether the organization has a management
system in place that is capable of supporting the inclusion of environmental concerns),
— possible advantages and disadvantages, as determined by such factors as an organization's current and
desired market position, reputation, external relations and the views of interested parties, and
— the size of an organization.
An effective environmental management system helps an organization to avoid, reduce or control the adverse
environmental impacts of its activities, products and services, achieve compliance with applicable legal and
requirements and with other requirements to which the organization subscribes and assist in continually
improving environmental performance.
Having an environmental management system can help an organization assure interested parties that
— a management commitment exists to meet the provisions of its policy, objectives, and targets,
— emphasis is placed on prevention,
— evidence of reasonable care and regulatory compliance can be provided, and
— the system's design incorporates the process of continual improvement.
Economic benefits can be gained from implementing an environmental management system. An organization
whose management system incorporates an environmental management system has a framework to balance
and integrate economic and environmental interests. Economic benefits can also be identified to demonstrate
©
vi ISO 2004 – All rights reserved
to interested parties the value to the organization of sound environmental management. It also provides the
organization with the opportunity to link environmental objectives and targets with specific financial outcomes
and thus to ensure that resources are made available where they provide the most benefit in both financial and
environmental terms. An organization that has implemented an environmental management system can
achieve significant competitive advantages.
In addition to improved environmental performance, the potential benefits associated with an effective
environmental management system include
— assuring customers of commitment to demonstrable environmental management,
— maintaining good public/community relations,
— satisfying investor criteria and improving access to capital,
— obtaining insurance at reasonable cost,
— enhancing image and market share,
— improving cost control,
— reducing incidents that result in liability,
— conserving input materials and energy,
— facilitating the attainment of permits and authorizations and meeting their requirements,
— promoting environmental awareness among suppliers, contractors and all persons working for or on behalf
of the organization,
— fostering development and sharing of solutions to environmental problems, and
— improving industry-government relations.
©
ISO 2004 – All rights reserved vii
.
viii
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14004:2004(E)
Environmental management systems — General guidelines on
principles, systems and support techniques
1Scope
This International Standard provides guidance on the establishment, implementation, maintenance and
improvement of an environmental management system and its coordination with other management systems.
NOTE While the system is not intended to manage occupational health and safety issues, they may be included when an
organization seeks to implement an integrated environmental and occupational health and safety management system.
The guidelines in this International Standard are applicable to any organization, regardless of its size, type,
location or level of maturity.
While the guidelines in this International Standard are consistent with the ISO14001 environmental
management system model, they are not intended to provide interpretations of the requirements of ISO 14001.
2 Normative references
No normative references are cited. This clause is included in order to retain clause numbering identical with the
previous edition (ISO 14004:1996).
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
auditor
person with the competence to conduct an audit
[ISO 9000:2000, 3.9.9]
3.2
continual improvement
recurring process of enhancing the environmental management system (3.9) in order to achieve
improvements in overall environmental performance (3.11) consistent with the organization's (3.20)
environmental policy (3.13)
NOTE The process need not take place in all areas of activity simultaneously.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.2]
3.3
correction
action taken to eliminate a detected nonconformity (3.18)
NOTE Adapted from ISO 9000:2000, 3.6.6.
©
ISO 2004 – All rights reserved 1
3.4
corrective action
action to eliminate the cause of a detected nonconformity (3.18)
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.3]
3.5
document
information and its supporting medium
NOTE 1 The medium can be paper, magnetic, electronic or optical computer disc, photograph or master sample, or a
combination thereof.
NOTE 2 Adapted from ISO 9000:2000, 3.7.2.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.4]
3.6
environment
surroundings in which an organization (3.20) operates, including air, water, land, natural resources, flora,
fauna, humans, and their interrelation
NOTE Surroundings in this context extend from within an organization (3.20) to the global system.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.5]
3.7
environmental aspect
element of an organization's (3.20) activities or products or services that can interact with the environment
(3.6)
NOTE A significant environmental aspect has or can have a significant environmental impact (3.8).
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.6]
3.8
environmental impact
any change to the environment (3.6), whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an
organization's (3.20) environmental aspects (3.7)
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.7]
3.9
environmental management system
EMS
part of an organization's (3.20) management system used to develop and implement its environmental policy
(3.13) and manage its environmental aspects (3.7)
NOTE 1 A management system is a set of interrelated elements used to establish policy and objectives and to achieve
those objectives.
NOTE2 A management system includes organizational structure, planning activities, responsibilities, practices,
procedures (3.23), processes and resources.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.8]
3.10
environmental objective
overall environmental goal, consistent with the environmental policy (3.13), that an organization (3.20) sets
itself to achieve
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.9]
©
2 ISO 2004 – All rights reserved
3.11
environmental performance
measurable results of an organization's (3.20) management of its environmental aspects (3.7)
NOTE In the context of environmental management systems (3.9), results can be measured against the organization's
(3.20) environmental policy (3.13), environmental objectives (3.10), environmental targets (3.14) and other
environmental performance requirements.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.10]
3.12
environmental performance indicator
EPI
specific expression that provides information about an organization's (3.20) environmental performance
(3.11)
[ISO 14031:1999, 2.10]
3.13
environmental policy
overall intentions and direction of an organization (3.20) related to its environmental performance (3.11) as
formally expressed by top management
NOTE The environmental policy provides a framework for action and for the setting of environmental objectives (3.10)
and environmental targets (3.14).
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.11]
3.14
environmental target
detailed performance requirement, applicable to the organization (3.20) or parts thereof, that arises from the
environmental objectives (3.10) and that needs to be set and met in order to achieve those objectives
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.12]
3.15
interested party
person or group concerned with or affected by the environmental performance (3.11) of an organization
(3.20)
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.13]
3.16
internal audit
systematic, independent and documented process for obtaining audit evidence and evaluating it objectively to
determine the extent to which the environmental management system audit criteria set by the organization
(3.20) are fulfilled
NOTE In many cases, particularly in smaller organizations, independence can be demonstrated by the freedom from
responsibility for the activity being audited.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.14]
3.17
management performance indicator
MPI
environmental performance indicator (3.12) that provides information about the management efforts to
influence an organization's (3.20) environmental performance (3.11)
[ISO 14031:1999, 2.10.1]
©
ISO 2004 – All rights reserved 3
3.18
nonconformity
non-fulfilment of a requirement
[ISO 9000:2000, 3.6.2]
3.19
operational performance indicator
OPI
environmental performance indicator (3.12) that provides information about the environmental
performance (3.11) of an organization's (3.20) operations
[ISO 14031:1999, 2.10.2]
3.20
organization
company, corporation, firm, enterprise, authority or institution, or part or combination thereof, whether
incorporated or not, public or private, that has its own functions and administration
NOTE For organizations with more than one operating unit, a single operating unit may be defined as an organization.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.16]
3.21
preventive action
action to eliminate the cause of a potential nonconformity (3.18)
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.17]
3.22
prevention of pollution
use of processes, practices, techniques, materials, products, services or energy to avoid, reduce or control
(separately or in combination) the creation, emission, or discharge of any type of pollutant or waste, in order to
reduce adverse environmental impacts (3.8)
NOTE Prevention of pollution can include source reduction or elimination, process, product or service changes, efficient
use of resources, material and energy substitution, reuse, recovery, recycling, reclamation and treatment.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.18]
3.23
procedure
specified way to carry out an activity or a process
NOTE 1 Procedures can be documented or not.
NOTE 2 Adapted from ISO 9000:2000, 3.4.5.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.19]
3.24
record
document (3.5) stating results achieved or providing evidence of activities performed
NOTE Adapted from ISO 9000:2000, 3.7.6.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.20]
©
4 ISO 2004 – All rights reserved
4 Environmental management system elements
4.1 General
4.1.1 The environmental management system model
The environmental management system detailed in this International Standard follows a “Plan-Do-Check-Act”
(PDCA) management model. The environmental management system model and the ongoing process of
continual improvement are illustrated in Figure 1. For more information on the PDCA model, see Practical
help — The environmental management system model.
Figure 1 — Environmental management system model for this International Standard
An environmental management system is best viewed as an organizing framework that should be continually
monitored and periodically reviewed to provide effective direction for an organization's environmental
management in response to changing internal and external factors. All levels in the organization should accept
responsibility for working to achieve environmental improvements, as applicable.
When first establishing an environmental management system an organization should begin where there is
obvious benefit, for example by focusing on immediate cost savings or regulatory compliance mainly related to
its significant environmental aspects. As the environmental management system takes shape, procedures,
programmes and technologies can be put in place to further improve environmental performance. As the
environmental management system matures, environmental considerations can be integrated into all business
decisions.
©
ISO 2004 – All rights reserved 5
Practical help — The environmental management system model
PDCA is an ongoing, iterative process that enables an organization to establish, implement and maintain its
environmental policy (see 4.2) based on top management's leadership and commitment to the environmental
management system (see 4.1.2). After the organization has evaluated its current position in relation to the
environment (see 4.1.4,) the steps of this ongoing process are the following:
a) Plan: establish an ongoing planning process (see 4.3) that enables the organization to
1) identify environmental aspects and associated environmental impacts (see 4.3.1),
2) identify and monitor applicable legal requirements and other requirements to which the organization
subscribes, and set internal performance criteria where appropriate (see 4.3.2),
3) set environmental objectives and targets and formulate programme(s) to achieve them (see 4.3.3.1
and 4.3.3.2), and
4) develop and use performance indicators (see 4.3.3.3).
b) Do: implement and operate the environmental management system (see 4.4)
1) create management structures, assign roles and responsibilities with sufficient authority,
2) provide adequate resources (see 4.4.1),
3) train persons working for or on behalf of the organization and ensure their awareness and competence
(see 4.4.2),
4) establish processes for internal and external communication (see 4.4.3),
5) establish and maintain documentation (see 4.4.4),
6) establish and implement document control(s) (see 4.4.5),
7) establish and maintain operational control(s) (see 4.4.6), and
8) ensure emergency preparedness and response (see 4.4.7).
c) Check: assess environmental management system processes (see 4.5)
1) conduct ongoing monitoring and measurement (see 4.5.1),
2) evaluate status of compliance (see 4.5.2),
3) identify nonconformity and take corrective and preventive actions (see 4.5.3),
4) manage records (see 4.5.4), and
5) conduct periodic internal audits (see 4.5.5).
d) Act: review and take action to improve the environmental management system (see 4.6)
1) conduct management reviews of the environmental management system at appropriate intervals (see
4.6.1), and
2) identify areas for improvement (see 4.6.2).
This ongoing process enables the organization to continually improve its environmental management system
and its overall environmental performance.
4.1.2 Top management commitment and leadership
To ensure success, an early step in establishing or improving an environmental management system involves
obtaining commitment from the top management of the organization to improve the environmental management
of its activities, products and services. The ongoing commitment and leadership of the top management are
crucial. Identifying the benefits that an environmental management system can bring, as well as the challenges
that an environmental management system can avoid, may help to secure top management's commitment and
leadership.
©
6 ISO 2004 – All rights reserved
4.1.3 Scope of the environmental management system
Top management need to define the scope of the organization's environmental management system. That is,
top management should determine the boundaries of the organization to which the environmental management
system applies. Once the scope of the environmental management system has been defined, all activities,
products and services of the organization that are within the defined scope should be included in the
environmental management system.
4.1.4 Initial environmental review
An organization with no existing environmental management system should assess its current position with
regard to the environment by means of a review. The aim of this review should be to consider the environmental
aspects of the organization's activities, products and services as a basis for establishing its environmental
management system.
Organizations with an existing environmental management system may not need to undertake such a review,
although such a review could assist them in improving their environmental management system.
The review should cover the following four key areas:
a) identification of environmental aspects, including those associated with normal operating conditions,
abnormal conditions including start-up and shut-down, and emergency situations and accidents;
b) identification of applicable legal requirements and other requirements to which the organization subscribes;
c) examination of existing environmental management practices and procedures, including those associated
with procurement and contracting activities;
d) evaluation of previous emergency situations and accidents.
The review can also include additional considerations, such as
— an evaluation of performance compared with applicable internal criteria, external standards, regulations,
codes of practice and sets of principles and guidelines,
— opportunities for competitive advantage, including cost reduction opportunities,
— the views of interested parties, and
— other organizational systems that can enable or impede environmental performance.
The results of the review can be used to assist the organization in setting the scope of its environmental
management system, developing or enhancing its environmental policy, setting of its environmental objectives
and targets, and determining the effectiveness of its approach to maintaining compliance with applicable legal
requirements and other requirements to which the organization subscribes.
©
ISO 2004 – All rights reserved 7
Practical help — Initial environmental review
Methods that can be used to examine existing environmental management practices and procedures include
a) interviews with persons previously or currently working for or on behalf of the organization to determine the
scope of the organization's past and current activities, products and services,
b) evaluation of internal and external communications that have taken place with the organization's interested
parties, including complaints, matters related to applicable legal requirements or other requirements to
which the organizations subscribes, past environmental or related incidents and accidents,
c) gathering information related to current management practices, such as
1) process controls on purchasing hazardous chemicals,
2) the storage and handling of chemicals (e.g. secondary containment; housekeeping, storage of
incompatible chemicals),
3) controls on fugitive emissions,
4) waste disposal methods,
5) emergency preparedness and response equipment,
6) use of resources (e.g. use of office lights after working hours),
7) vegetation and habitat protection during construction,
8) temporal changes in processes (e.g. changes to crop rotation patterns affecting fertilizer discharges to
water),
9) environmental training programmes,
10) review and approval process for operational control procedures, and
11) completeness of monitoring records and/or ease in retrieving historical records.
The review can be conducted using checklists, process flowcharts, interviews, direct inspection and past and
current measurements, results of previous audits or other reviews depending on the nature of the
organization's activities, products and services. The results of the review should be documented so that it can
be used to contribute to setting the scope and establishing or enhancing the organization's environmental
management system, including its environmental policy.
4.2 Environmental policy
An environmental policy establishes the principles of action for an organization. It sets the level of environmental
responsibility and performance required of the organization, against which all subsequent actions will be
judged. The policy should be appropriate to the environmental impacts of the organization's activities, products
and services (within the defined scope of the environmental management system) and should guide the setting
of objectives and targets.
A growing number of international organizations, including government, industry associations and citizens'
groups, have developed guiding principles. Such guiding principles help organizations to define the overall
scope of their commitment to the environment. They also help to give different organizations a common set of
values. Guiding principles such as these can assist an organization in developing its policy, which can be as
individual as the organization for which it is developed. The responsibility for setting environmental policy rests
with an organization's top management. The environmental policy can be included in or linked with other policy
documents of the organization. The organization's management is responsible for implementing the policy and
for providing input to the formulation and modification of the policy. The policy should be communicated to all
persons working for or on behalf of the organization. In addition, the policy should be made available to the
public (see 4.4.3.2 for a discussion of external communication methods).
©
8 ISO 2004 – All rights reserved
In developing its environmental policy, an organization should consider
a) its mission, vision, core values and beliefs;
b) coordination with other organizational policies (e.g. quality, occupational health and safety);
c) the requirements of, and communication with, interested parties;
d) guiding principles;
e) specific local or regional conditions;
f) its commitments to prevention of pollution and continual improvement;
g) its commitment to comply with legal requirements and other requirements to which the organization
subscribes.
Practical help — Environmental policy
The environmental policy should recognize that all activities, products and services within the defined scope of
an organization's environmental management system can cause impacts on the environment.
The issues addressed in the policy therefore depend on the nature of the organization. The policy should state
commitments to, among other things,
a) comply with or exceed applicable legal requirements and other requirements to which the organization
subscribes which relate to its environmental aspects,
b) prevent pollution, (see Practical help — Prevention of pollution), and
c) achieve continual improvement through the development of environmental performance evaluation
procedures and associated indicators.
The policy might also include other commitments to
d) minimize any significant adverse environmental impacts of new developments through the use of
integrated environmental management procedures and planning,
e) design products taking into account environmental aspects, and
f) set an example of leadership in the field of environmental management.
Practical help — Prevention of pollution
Prevention of pollution can be incorporated into the design and development of new products and services, as
well as into the development of associated processes. Such strategies can, for example, help an organization
to conserve resources and reduce waste and emissions associated with products and services. (Guidance on
product design concepts and practices can be found in ISO/TR 14062.)
Source reduction can often be the most effective practice because it has the double benefit of avoiding the
generation of waste and emissions and simultaneously saving resources. However, prevention of pollution
through source reduction may not be practicable in some circumstances and for some organizations. The
organization should consider using a hierarchy of approaches for prevention of pollution. Such a hierarchy
should give preference to preventing pollution at its source, and can be structured as follows:
a) source reduction or elimination (including environmentally sound design and development, material
substitution, process, product or technology changes and efficient use and conservation of energy and
material resources);
b) internal reuse or recycling (reuse or recycling of materials within the process or facility);
c) external reuse or recycling (transfer of materials offsite for reuse or recycling);
d) recovery and treatment (recovery from waste streams on or offsite, treatment of emissions, and releases
on wastes on or offsite to reduce their environmental impacts);
e) control mechanisms, such as incineration or controlled disposal, where permissible. However, the
organization should use methods such as these only after other options have been considered.
©
ISO 2004 – All rights reserved 9
4.3 Planning
General guidance — Planning
Planning is critical to the fulfilment of an organization's environmental policy and the establishment,
implementation, and maintenance of its environmental management system. An organization should have a
planning process that includes the following elements:
a) identification of environmental aspects and the determination of those which are significant;
b) identification of applicable legal requirements and other requirements to which the organization
subscribes;
c) setting of internal performance criteria where appropriate;
d) setting of objectives and targets and establishment of programme(s) to achieve them.
Such a planning process can help an organization focus its resources on those areas that are most important
to achievement of its goals. Information generated by the planning process can also be used in the
establishment and improvement of other parts of the environmental management system, such as training,
operational control and monitoring and measurement.
Planning is an ongoing process. It is used both to establish and implement elements of the environmental
management system and to maintain and improve them, based on changing circumstances and inputs and
outputs of the environmental management system itself. As part of the planning process, an organization
should consider how it would measure and evaluate its performance in meeting its policy commitments,
objectives and targets, and other performance criteria. One approach that can be useful is to establish
performance indicators during the planning process.
NOTE See subclauses 4.3.3.3 and 4.5.1 and ISO 14031 for guidance on performance indicators and evaluation.
4.3.1 Environmental aspects
4.3.1.1 Overview
An effective environmental management system begins with understanding how an organization can interact
with the environment (see 4.3.1.2). The elements of an organization's activities, products and services that can
interact with the environment are called environmental aspects. Examples include a discharge, an emission,
consumption or reuse of a material, or generation of noise. An organization implementing an environmental
management system should identify the environmental aspects it can control and those that it can influence
(see 4.3.1.3).
Changes to the environment, either adverse or beneficial, that result wholly or partially from environmental
aspects are called environmental impacts. Examples of adverse impacts include pollution of air, and depletion
of natural resources. Examples of beneficial impacts include improved water or soil quality. The relationship
between environmental aspects and associated impacts is one of cause and effect. An organization should
have an understanding of those aspects that have or can have significant impacts on the environment, i.e.
significant environmental aspects (see 4.3.1.4).
Since an organization can have many environmental aspects and associated impacts, it should establish
criteria and a method to determine those that it will consider significant (see 4.3.1.5). Several factors should be
considered when establishing criteria, such as environmental characteristics, information on applicable legal
requirements and other requirements to which the organization subscribes, and concerns of interested parties
(internal and external). Some of these criteria can be applied to an organization's environmental aspects
directly and some to their associated environmental impacts.
Identifying significant environmental aspects and associated impacts is necessary in order to determine where
control or improvement is needed and to set priorities for management action (see 4.3.1.5). An organization's
policy, objectives and targets, training, communications, operational controls and monitoring programmes
should be primarily based on knowledge of its significant environmental aspects, although issues such as
©
10 ISO 2004 – All rights reserved
applicable legal requirements and other requirements to which the organization subscribes and the views of
interested parties will also need to be taken into account. The identification of significant environmental aspects
is an ongoing process that enhances an organization's understanding of its relationship to the environment and
contributes to continual improvement of its environmental performance through enhancement of its
environmental management system.
As there is no single approach for identifying environmental aspects and environmental impacts and
determining significance that will suit all organizations, the guidance that follows serves to explain key concepts
to those implementing or improving an environmental management system. Each organization should choose
an approach that is appropriate to its scope, nature and scale and that meets its needs in terms of detail,
complexity, time, cost and availability of reliable data. The use of (a) procedure(s) to apply the approach
selected can help to achieve consistency.
Further guidance and additional examples are contained in the following subclauses and in Table A.1.
4.3.1.2 Understanding activities, products and services
Almost all activities, products and services have some impact on the environment, which may occur at any or all
stages of the activities, products or services life cycle, i.e. from raw material acquisition and distribution, to use
and disposal. Such impacts may be local, regional or global, short or long term, with varying levels of
significance. An organization should understand the activities, products and services that fall within the scope of
its environmental management system, and may find it useful to group them for identification and evaluation of
environmental aspects. Grouping or categorizing activities, products and services can assist an organization in
identifying common or similar environmental aspects. A grouping or category could be based on common
characteristics, such as organizational units, geographical locations, operations workflow, materials or energy
use in product groups, or environmental media affected (e.g. air, water, land). To be useful, the size of a
category should be large enough for meaningful examination, yet small enough to be clearly understood.
NOTE See ISO 14031 for examples of categories of activities, products and services.
4.3.1.3 Identifying environmental aspects
An organization should identify environmental aspects within the scope of its environmental management
system that are associated with its past, ongoing and planned activities, products and services. In all cases, the
organization should consider normal and abnormal operating conditions including start-up and shut-down
maintenance and emergency situations and accidents.
In addition to those environmental aspects an organization can control directly, it should also consider aspects
that it can influence, e.g. those related to products and services used by the organization and those related to
products and services it provides. When evaluating its ability to influence the environmental aspects associated
with an activity, product or service, an organization should give consideration to legal or contractual authority, its
policies, local or regional issues and its obligations and responsibilities to interested parties. The organization
should also consider the implications on its own environmental performance, for example by the purchase of
products containing hazardous materials. Examples of situations in which these considerations can apply
include activities carried out by contractors or subcontractors, design of products and services, materials, goods
or services supplied and used, and the transport, use, reuse or recycling of products placed on the market.
To identify and have an understanding of its environmental aspects, an organization should collect quantitative
and/or qualitative d
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 14004
Second edition
2004-11-15
Environmental management systems —
General guidelines on principles, systems
and support techniques
Systèmes de management environnemental — Lignes directrices
générales concernant les principes, les systèmes et les techniques de
mise en œuvre
Reference number
©
ISO 2004
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall
not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the
unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
©
ii ISO 2004 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Environmental management system elements . 5
4.1 General . 5
4.2 Environmental policy . 8
4.3 Planning . 10
4.4 Implementation and operation . 19
4.5 Checking . 28
4.6 Management review . 32
Annex A (informative) Examples of correspondence between environmental management system
elements . 34
Bibliography . 39
©
ISO 2004 – All rights reserved iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 14004 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 207, Environmental management, Subcommittee
SC 1, Environmental management systems.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 14004:1996), which has been technically
revised.
©
iv ISO 2004 – All rights reserved
Introduction
As concern grows for continually improving the quality of the environment, organizations of all types and sizes
are increasingly turning their attention to the environmental impacts of their activities, products and services.
The environmental performance of an organization is of importance to internal and external interested parties.
Achieving sound environmental performance requires organizational commitment to a systematic approach and
to continual improvement of an environmental management system (EMS).
The general purpose of this International Standard is to provide assistance to organizations that wish to
implement or improve an environmental management system and thereby improve their environmental
performance. This International Standard is consistent with the concept of sustainable development and
compatible with diverse cultural, social and organizational frameworks and systems of management.
This International Standard can be used by organizations of all types, sizes and levels of maturity, and in all
sectors and geographic locations. The special needs of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are
incorporated, and this International Standard accommodates their needs and promotes their use of an
environmental management system.
This International Standard is part of the series of environmental management standards established by
ISO/TC207. In this series, only ISO14001 contains requirements that may be objectively audited for
certification/registration purposes or for self-declaration purposes. This International Standard includes
examples, descriptions and options that aid both in the implementation of an environmental management
system and in strengthening its relation to the overall management of an organization. While the guidelines in
this International Standard are consistent with the ISO 14001 environmental management system model, they
are not intended to provide interpretations of the requirements of ISO 14001. For ease of use, the subclauses
of Clause 4 of ISO 14001 have the same numbering as in ISO 14004. However, the latter has extra subclauses
(e.g. 4.3.1.1 or 4.3.3.3), where detailed or additional guidance for an effective environmental management
system implementation is considered useful. Apart from this International Standard and ISO 14001, there are
numerous other environmental management standards in the series of International Standards established by
ISO/TC 207. A reference to and description of these International Standards can be found in the ISO publication
The ISO 14000 Family of International Standards.
This International Standard describes the elements of an environmental management system and provides
organizations with guidance on how to establish, implement, maintain or improve an environmental
management system. Such a system can substantially enhance an organization's ability to anticipate, identify
and manage its interactions with the environment, meet its environmental objectives and ensure ongoing
compliance with applicable legal requirements and with other requirements to which the organization
subscribes.
Examples and approaches are presented throughout this International Standard for illustrative purposes. They
are not intended to represent the only possibilities, nor are they necessarily suitable for every organization. In
designing and implementing or improving an environmental management system, organizations should select
approaches that are appropriate to their own circumstances. Environmental management is an integral part of
an organization's overall management system. The design of an environmental management system is an
ongoing and interactive process. The structure, responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes and
resources for implementing environmental policies, objectives and targets can be coordinated with existing
efforts in other areas (e.g. operations, finance, quality, occupational health and safety).
For ease of reading and understanding this International Standard, practical help and general guidance have
been separated out and are shown as boxed text.
©
ISO 2004 – All rights reserved v
Key tasks for managers establishing, implementing, maintaining or improving an environmental management
system include the need to
— recognize that environmental management is among the highest organizational priorities,
— establish and maintain communication and constructive relations with internal and external interested
parties,
— identify the environmental aspects of the organization's activities, products and services,
— identify the legal requirements and other requirements to which the organization subscribes, that relate to
the organization's environmental aspects,
— ensure the commitment of management and all persons working for or on behalf of the organization to the
protection of the environment, with clear assignment of accountability and responsibility,
— encourage environmental planning throughout the product or service life cycle,
— establish a process for achieving environmental objectives and targets,
— provide appropriate and sufficient resources, including training, to comply with applicable legal
requirements and with other requirements to which the organization subscribes, and to achieve
environmental objectives and targets on an ongoing basis,
— evaluate environmental performance against the organization's environmental policy, objectives and targets
and seek improvement where appropriate,
— establish a management process to audit and review the environmental management system and to identify
opportunities for improvement of the system and resulting environmental performance, and
— encourage contractors and suppliers to establish an environmental management system.
Organizations may use this International Standard, or related ISO documents, in various ways, including
— as guidance to establish, implement, maintain or improve its environmental management system, knowing
that this International Standard is not intended for self-declaration or other conformity assessment
purposes, and
— in support of the implementation or improvement of its environmental management system.
The choice will depend on factors such as
— an organization's goals,
— the maturity of an organization's management systems (i.e. whether the organization has a management
system in place that is capable of supporting the inclusion of environmental concerns),
— possible advantages and disadvantages, as determined by such factors as an organization's current and
desired market position, reputation, external relations and the views of interested parties, and
— the size of an organization.
An effective environmental management system helps an organization to avoid, reduce or control the adverse
environmental impacts of its activities, products and services, achieve compliance with applicable legal and
requirements and with other requirements to which the organization subscribes and assist in continually
improving environmental performance.
Having an environmental management system can help an organization assure interested parties that
— a management commitment exists to meet the provisions of its policy, objectives, and targets,
— emphasis is placed on prevention,
— evidence of reasonable care and regulatory compliance can be provided, and
— the system's design incorporates the process of continual improvement.
Economic benefits can be gained from implementing an environmental management system. An organization
whose management system incorporates an environmental management system has a framework to balance
and integrate economic and environmental interests. Economic benefits can also be identified to demonstrate
©
vi ISO 2004 – All rights reserved
to interested parties the value to the organization of sound environmental management. It also provides the
organization with the opportunity to link environmental objectives and targets with specific financial outcomes
and thus to ensure that resources are made available where they provide the most benefit in both financial and
environmental terms. An organization that has implemented an environmental management system can
achieve significant competitive advantages.
In addition to improved environmental performance, the potential benefits associated with an effective
environmental management system include
— assuring customers of commitment to demonstrable environmental management,
— maintaining good public/community relations,
— satisfying investor criteria and improving access to capital,
— obtaining insurance at reasonable cost,
— enhancing image and market share,
— improving cost control,
— reducing incidents that result in liability,
— conserving input materials and energy,
— facilitating the attainment of permits and authorizations and meeting their requirements,
— promoting environmental awareness among suppliers, contractors and all persons working for or on behalf
of the organization,
— fostering development and sharing of solutions to environmental problems, and
— improving industry-government relations.
©
ISO 2004 – All rights reserved vii
.
viii
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14004:2004(E)
Environmental management systems — General guidelines on
principles, systems and support techniques
1Scope
This International Standard provides guidance on the establishment, implementation, maintenance and
improvement of an environmental management system and its coordination with other management systems.
NOTE While the system is not intended to manage occupational health and safety issues, they may be included when an
organization seeks to implement an integrated environmental and occupational health and safety management system.
The guidelines in this International Standard are applicable to any organization, regardless of its size, type,
location or level of maturity.
While the guidelines in this International Standard are consistent with the ISO14001 environmental
management system model, they are not intended to provide interpretations of the requirements of ISO 14001.
2 Normative references
No normative references are cited. This clause is included in order to retain clause numbering identical with the
previous edition (ISO 14004:1996).
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
auditor
person with the competence to conduct an audit
[ISO 9000:2000, 3.9.9]
3.2
continual improvement
recurring process of enhancing the environmental management system (3.9) in order to achieve
improvements in overall environmental performance (3.11) consistent with the organization's (3.20)
environmental policy (3.13)
NOTE The process need not take place in all areas of activity simultaneously.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.2]
3.3
correction
action taken to eliminate a detected nonconformity (3.18)
NOTE Adapted from ISO 9000:2000, 3.6.6.
©
ISO 2004 – All rights reserved 1
3.4
corrective action
action to eliminate the cause of a detected nonconformity (3.18)
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.3]
3.5
document
information and its supporting medium
NOTE 1 The medium can be paper, magnetic, electronic or optical computer disc, photograph or master sample, or a
combination thereof.
NOTE 2 Adapted from ISO 9000:2000, 3.7.2.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.4]
3.6
environment
surroundings in which an organization (3.20) operates, including air, water, land, natural resources, flora,
fauna, humans, and their interrelation
NOTE Surroundings in this context extend from within an organization (3.20) to the global system.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.5]
3.7
environmental aspect
element of an organization's (3.20) activities or products or services that can interact with the environment
(3.6)
NOTE A significant environmental aspect has or can have a significant environmental impact (3.8).
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.6]
3.8
environmental impact
any change to the environment (3.6), whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an
organization's (3.20) environmental aspects (3.7)
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.7]
3.9
environmental management system
EMS
part of an organization's (3.20) management system used to develop and implement its environmental policy
(3.13) and manage its environmental aspects (3.7)
NOTE 1 A management system is a set of interrelated elements used to establish policy and objectives and to achieve
those objectives.
NOTE2 A management system includes organizational structure, planning activities, responsibilities, practices,
procedures (3.23), processes and resources.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.8]
3.10
environmental objective
overall environmental goal, consistent with the environmental policy (3.13), that an organization (3.20) sets
itself to achieve
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.9]
©
2 ISO 2004 – All rights reserved
3.11
environmental performance
measurable results of an organization's (3.20) management of its environmental aspects (3.7)
NOTE In the context of environmental management systems (3.9), results can be measured against the organization's
(3.20) environmental policy (3.13), environmental objectives (3.10), environmental targets (3.14) and other
environmental performance requirements.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.10]
3.12
environmental performance indicator
EPI
specific expression that provides information about an organization's (3.20) environmental performance
(3.11)
[ISO 14031:1999, 2.10]
3.13
environmental policy
overall intentions and direction of an organization (3.20) related to its environmental performance (3.11) as
formally expressed by top management
NOTE The environmental policy provides a framework for action and for the setting of environmental objectives (3.10)
and environmental targets (3.14).
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.11]
3.14
environmental target
detailed performance requirement, applicable to the organization (3.20) or parts thereof, that arises from the
environmental objectives (3.10) and that needs to be set and met in order to achieve those objectives
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.12]
3.15
interested party
person or group concerned with or affected by the environmental performance (3.11) of an organization
(3.20)
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.13]
3.16
internal audit
systematic, independent and documented process for obtaining audit evidence and evaluating it objectively to
determine the extent to which the environmental management system audit criteria set by the organization
(3.20) are fulfilled
NOTE In many cases, particularly in smaller organizations, independence can be demonstrated by the freedom from
responsibility for the activity being audited.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.14]
3.17
management performance indicator
MPI
environmental performance indicator (3.12) that provides information about the management efforts to
influence an organization's (3.20) environmental performance (3.11)
[ISO 14031:1999, 2.10.1]
©
ISO 2004 – All rights reserved 3
3.18
nonconformity
non-fulfilment of a requirement
[ISO 9000:2000, 3.6.2]
3.19
operational performance indicator
OPI
environmental performance indicator (3.12) that provides information about the environmental
performance (3.11) of an organization's (3.20) operations
[ISO 14031:1999, 2.10.2]
3.20
organization
company, corporation, firm, enterprise, authority or institution, or part or combination thereof, whether
incorporated or not, public or private, that has its own functions and administration
NOTE For organizations with more than one operating unit, a single operating unit may be defined as an organization.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.16]
3.21
preventive action
action to eliminate the cause of a potential nonconformity (3.18)
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.17]
3.22
prevention of pollution
use of processes, practices, techniques, materials, products, services or energy to avoid, reduce or control
(separately or in combination) the creation, emission, or discharge of any type of pollutant or waste, in order to
reduce adverse environmental impacts (3.8)
NOTE Prevention of pollution can include source reduction or elimination, process, product or service changes, efficient
use of resources, material and energy substitution, reuse, recovery, recycling, reclamation and treatment.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.18]
3.23
procedure
specified way to carry out an activity or a process
NOTE 1 Procedures can be documented or not.
NOTE 2 Adapted from ISO 9000:2000, 3.4.5.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.19]
3.24
record
document (3.5) stating results achieved or providing evidence of activities performed
NOTE Adapted from ISO 9000:2000, 3.7.6.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.20]
©
4 ISO 2004 – All rights reserved
4 Environmental management system elements
4.1 General
4.1.1 The environmental management system model
The environmental management system detailed in this International Standard follows a “Plan-Do-Check-Act”
(PDCA) management model. The environmental management system model and the ongoing process of
continual improvement are illustrated in Figure 1. For more information on the PDCA model, see Practical
help — The environmental management system model.
Figure 1 — Environmental management system model for this International Standard
An environmental management system is best viewed as an organizing framework that should be continually
monitored and periodically reviewed to provide effective direction for an organization's environmental
management in response to changing internal and external factors. All levels in the organization should accept
responsibility for working to achieve environmental improvements, as applicable.
When first establishing an environmental management system an organization should begin where there is
obvious benefit, for example by focusing on immediate cost savings or regulatory compliance mainly related to
its significant environmental aspects. As the environmental management system takes shape, procedures,
programmes and technologies can be put in place to further improve environmental performance. As the
environmental management system matures, environmental considerations can be integrated into all business
decisions.
©
ISO 2004 – All rights reserved 5
Practical help — The environmental management system model
PDCA is an ongoing, iterative process that enables an organization to establish, implement and maintain its
environmental policy (see 4.2) based on top management's leadership and commitment to the environmental
management system (see 4.1.2). After the organization has evaluated its current position in relation to the
environment (see 4.1.4,) the steps of this ongoing process are the following:
a) Plan: establish an ongoing planning process (see 4.3) that enables the organization to
1) identify environmental aspects and associated environmental impacts (see 4.3.1),
2) identify and monitor applicable legal requirements and other requirements to which the organization
subscribes, and set internal performance criteria where appropriate (see 4.3.2),
3) set environmental objectives and targets and formulate programme(s) to achieve them (see 4.3.3.1
and 4.3.3.2), and
4) develop and use performance indicators (see 4.3.3.3).
b) Do: implement and operate the environmental management system (see 4.4)
1) create management structures, assign roles and responsibilities with sufficient authority,
2) provide adequate resources (see 4.4.1),
3) train persons working for or on behalf of the organization and ensure their awareness and competence
(see 4.4.2),
4) establish processes for internal and external communication (see 4.4.3),
5) establish and maintain documentation (see 4.4.4),
6) establish and implement document control(s) (see 4.4.5),
7) establish and maintain operational control(s) (see 4.4.6), and
8) ensure emergency preparedness and response (see 4.4.7).
c) Check: assess environmental management system processes (see 4.5)
1) conduct ongoing monitoring and measurement (see 4.5.1),
2) evaluate status of compliance (see 4.5.2),
3) identify nonconformity and take corrective and preventive actions (see 4.5.3),
4) manage records (see 4.5.4), and
5) conduct periodic internal audits (see 4.5.5).
d) Act: review and take action to improve the environmental management system (see 4.6)
1) conduct management reviews of the environmental management system at appropriate intervals (see
4.6.1), and
2) identify areas for improvement (see 4.6.2).
This ongoing process enables the organization to continually improve its environmental management system
and its overall environmental performance.
4.1.2 Top management commitment and leadership
To ensure success, an early step in establishing or improving an environmental management system involves
obtaining commitment from the top management of the organization to improve the environmental management
of its activities, products and services. The ongoing commitment and leadership of the top management are
crucial. Identifying the benefits that an environmental management system can bring, as well as the challenges
that an environmental management system can avoid, may help to secure top management's commitment and
leadership.
©
6 ISO 2004 – All rights reserved
4.1.3 Scope of the environmental management system
Top management need to define the scope of the organization's environmental management system. That is,
top management should determine the boundaries of the organization to which the environmental management
system applies. Once the scope of the environmental management system has been defined, all activities,
products and services of the organization that are within the defined scope should be included in the
environmental management system.
4.1.4 Initial environmental review
An organization with no existing environmental management system should assess its current position with
regard to the environment by means of a review. The aim of this review should be to consider the environmental
aspects of the organization's activities, products and services as a basis for establishing its environmental
management system.
Organizations with an existing environmental management system may not need to undertake such a review,
although such a review could assist them in improving their environmental management system.
The review should cover the following four key areas:
a) identification of environmental aspects, including those associated with normal operating conditions,
abnormal conditions including start-up and shut-down, and emergency situations and accidents;
b) identification of applicable legal requirements and other requirements to which the organization subscribes;
c) examination of existing environmental management practices and procedures, including those associated
with procurement and contracting activities;
d) evaluation of previous emergency situations and accidents.
The review can also include additional considerations, such as
— an evaluation of performance compared with applicable internal criteria, external standards, regulations,
codes of practice and sets of principles and guidelines,
— opportunities for competitive advantage, including cost reduction opportunities,
— the views of interested parties, and
— other organizational systems that can enable or impede environmental performance.
The results of the review can be used to assist the organization in setting the scope of its environmental
management system, developing or enhancing its environmental policy, setting of its environmental objectives
and targets, and determining the effectiveness of its approach to maintaining compliance with applicable legal
requirements and other requirements to which the organization subscribes.
©
ISO 2004 – All rights reserved 7
Practical help — Initial environmental review
Methods that can be used to examine existing environmental management practices and procedures include
a) interviews with persons previously or currently working for or on behalf of the organization to determine the
scope of the organization's past and current activities, products and services,
b) evaluation of internal and external communications that have taken place with the organization's interested
parties, including complaints, matters related to applicable legal requirements or other requirements to
which the organizations subscribes, past environmental or related incidents and accidents,
c) gathering information related to current management practices, such as
1) process controls on purchasing hazardous chemicals,
2) the storage and handling of chemicals (e.g. secondary containment; housekeeping, storage of
incompatible chemicals),
3) controls on fugitive emissions,
4) waste disposal methods,
5) emergency preparedness and response equipment,
6) use of resources (e.g. use of office lights after working hours),
7) vegetation and habitat protection during construction,
8) temporal changes in processes (e.g. changes to crop rotation patterns affecting fertilizer discharges to
water),
9) environmental training programmes,
10) review and approval process for operational control procedures, and
11) completeness of monitoring records and/or ease in retrieving historical records.
The review can be conducted using checklists, process flowcharts, interviews, direct inspection and past and
current measurements, results of previous audits or other reviews depending on the nature of the
organization's activities, products and services. The results of the review should be documented so that it can
be used to contribute to setting the scope and establishing or enhancing the organization's environmental
management system, including its environmental policy.
4.2 Environmental policy
An environmental policy establishes the principles of action for an organization. It sets the level of environmental
responsibility and performance required of the organization, against which all subsequent actions will be
judged. The policy should be appropriate to the environmental impacts of the organization's activities, products
and services (within the defined scope of the environmental management system) and should guide the setting
of objectives and targets.
A growing number of international organizations, including government, industry associations and citizens'
groups, have developed guiding principles. Such guiding principles help organizations to define the overall
scope of their commitment to the environment. They also help to give different organizations a common set of
values. Guiding principles such as these can assist an organization in developing its policy, which can be as
individual as the organization for which it is developed. The responsibility for setting environmental policy rests
with an organization's top management. The environmental policy can be included in or linked with other policy
documents of the organization. The organization's management is responsible for implementing the policy and
for providing input to the formulation and modification of the policy. The policy should be communicated to all
persons working for or on behalf of the organization. In addition, the policy should be made available to the
public (see 4.4.3.2 for a discussion of external communication methods).
©
8 ISO 2004 – All rights reserved
In developing its environmental policy, an organization should consider
a) its mission, vision, core values and beliefs;
b) coordination with other organizational policies (e.g. quality, occupational health and safety);
c) the requirements of, and communication with, interested parties;
d) guiding principles;
e) specific local or regional conditions;
f) its commitments to prevention of pollution and continual improvement;
g) its commitment to comply with legal requirements and other requirements to which the organization
subscribes.
Practical help — Environmental policy
The environmental policy should recognize that all activities, products and services within the defined scope of
an organization's environmental management system can cause impacts on the environment.
The issues addressed in the policy therefore depend on the nature of the organization. The policy should state
commitments to, among other things,
a) comply with or exceed applicable legal requirements and other requirements to which the organization
subscribes which relate to its environmental aspects,
b) prevent pollution, (see Practical help — Prevention of pollution), and
c) achieve continual improvement through the development of environmental performance evaluation
procedures and associated indicators.
The policy might also include other commitments to
d) minimize any significant adverse environmental impacts of new developments through the use of
integrated environmental management procedures and planning,
e) design products taking into account environmental aspects, and
f) set an example of leadership in the field of environmental management.
Practical help — Prevention of pollution
Prevention of pollution can be incorporated into the design and development of new products and services, as
well as into the development of associated processes. Such strategies can, for example, help an organization
to conserve resources and reduce waste and emissions associated with products and services. (Guidance on
product design concepts and practices can be found in ISO/TR 14062.)
Source reduction can often be the most effective practice because it has the double benefit of avoiding the
generation of waste and emissions and simultaneously saving resources. However, prevention of pollution
through source reduction may not be practicable in some circumstances and for some organizations. The
organization should consider using a hierarchy of approaches for prevention of pollution. Such a hierarchy
should give preference to preventing pollution at its source, and can be structured as follows:
a) source reduction or elimination (including environmentally sound design and development, material
substitution, process, product or technology changes and efficient use and conservation of energy and
material resources);
b) internal reuse or recycling (reuse or recycling of materials within the process or facility);
c) external reuse or recycling (transfer of materials offsite for reuse or recycling);
d) recovery and treatment (recovery from waste streams on or offsite, treatment of emissions, and releases
on wastes on or offsite to reduce their environmental impacts);
e) control mechanisms, such as incineration or controlled disposal, where permissible. However, the
organization should use methods such as these only after other options have been considered.
©
ISO 2004 – All rights reserved 9
4.3 Planning
General guidance — Planning
Planning is critical to the fulfilment of an organization's environmental policy and the establishment,
implementation, and maintenance of its environmental management system. An organization should have a
planning process that includes the following elements:
a) identification of environmental aspects and the determination of those which are significant;
b) identification of applicable legal requirements and other requirements to which the organization
subscribes;
c) setting of internal performance criteria where appropriate;
d) setting of objectives and targets and establishment of programme(s) to achieve them.
Such a planning process can help an organization focus its resources on those areas that are most important
to achievement of its goals. Information generated by the planning process can also be used in the
establishment and improvement of other parts of the environmental management system, such as training,
operational control and monitoring and measurement.
Planning is an ongoing process. It is used both to establish and implement elements of the environmental
management system and to maintain and improve them, based on changing circumstances and inputs and
outputs of the environmental management system itself. As part of the planning process, an organization
should consider how it would measure and evaluate its performance in meeting its policy commitments,
objectives and targets, and other performance criteria. One approach that can be useful is to establish
performance indicators during the planning process.
NOTE See subclauses 4.3.3.3 and 4.5.1 and ISO 14031 for guidance on performance indicators and evaluation.
4.3.1 Environmental aspects
4.3.1.1 Overview
An effective environmental management system begins with understanding how an organization can interact
with the environment (see 4.3.1.2). The elements of an organization's activities, products and services that can
interact with the environment are called environmental aspects. Examples include a discharge, an emission,
consumption or reuse of a material, or generation of noise. An organization implementing an environmental
management system should identify the environmental aspects it can control and those that it can influence
(see 4.3.1.3).
Changes to the environment, either adverse or beneficial, that result wholly or partially from environmental
aspects are called environmental impacts. Examples of adverse impacts include pollution of air, and depletion
of natural resources. Examples of beneficial impacts include improved water or soil quality. The relationship
between environmental aspects and associated impacts is one of cause and effect. An organization should
have an understanding of those aspects that have or can have significant impacts on the environment, i.e.
significant environmental aspects (see 4.3.1.4).
Since an organization can have many environmental aspects and associated impacts, it should establish
criteria and a method to determine those that it will consider significant (see 4.3.1.5). Several factors should be
considered when establishing criteria, such as environmental characteristics, information on applicable legal
requirements and other requirements to which the organization subscribes, and concerns of interested parties
(internal and external). Some of these criteria can be applied to an organization's environmental aspects
directly and some to their associated environmental impacts.
Identifying significant environmental aspects and associated impacts is necessary in order to determine where
control or improvement is needed and to set priorities for management action (see 4.3.1.5). An organization's
policy, objectives and targets, training, communications, operational controls and monitoring programmes
should be primarily based on knowledge of its significant environmental aspects, although issues such as
©
10 ISO 2004 – All rights reserved
applicable legal requirements and other requirements to which the organization subscribes and the views of
interested parties will also need to be taken into account. The identification of significant environmental aspects
is an ongoing process that enhances an organization's understanding of its relationship to the environment and
contributes to continual improvement of its environmental performance through enhancement of its
environmental management system.
As there is no single approach for identifying environmental aspects and environmental impacts and
determining significance that will suit all organizations, the guidance that follows serves to explain key concepts
to those implementing or improving an environmental management system. Each organization should choose
an approach that is appropriate to its scope, nature and scale and that meets its needs in terms of detail,
complexity, time, cost and availability of reliable data. The use of (a) procedure(s) to apply the approach
selected can help to achieve consistency.
Further guidance and additional examples are contained in the following subclauses and in Table A.1.
4.3.1.2 Understanding activities, products and services
Almost all activities, products and services have some impact on the environment, which may occur at any or all
stages of the activities, products or services life cycle, i.e. from raw material acquisition and distribution, to use
and disposal. Such impacts may be local, regional or global, short or long term, with varying levels of
significance. An organization should understand the activities, products and services that fall within the scope of
its environmental management system, and may find it useful to group them for identification and evaluation of
environmental aspects. Grouping or categorizing activities, products and services can assist an organization in
identifying common or similar environmental aspects. A grouping or category could be based on common
characteristics, such as organizational units, geographical locations, operations workflow, materials or energy
use in product groups, or environmental media affected (e.g. air, water, land). To be useful, the size of a
category should be large enough for meaningful examination, yet small enough to be clearly understood.
NOTE See ISO 14031 for examples of categories of activities, products and services.
4.3.1.3 Identifying environmental aspects
An organization should identify environmental aspects within the scope of its environmental management
system that are associated with its past, ongoing and planned activities, products and services. In all cases, the
organization should consider normal and abnormal operating conditions including start-up and shut-down
maintenance and emergency situations and accidents.
In addition to those environmental aspects an organization can control directly, it should also consider aspects
that it can influence, e.g. those related to products and services used by the organization and those related to
products and services it provides. When evaluating its ability to influence the environmental aspects associated
with an activity, product or service, an organization should give consideration to legal or contractual authority, its
policies, local or regional issues and its obligations and responsibilities to interested parties. The organization
should also consider the implications on its own environmental performance, for example by the purchase of
products containing hazardous materials. Examples of situations in which these considerations can apply
include activities carried out by contractors or subcontractors, design of products and services, materials, goods
or services supplied and used, and the transport, use, reuse or recycling of products placed on the market.
To identify and have an understanding of its environmental aspects, an organization should collect quantitative
and/or qualitative d
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2005
6LVWHPLUDYQDQMD]RNROMHP6SORãQHVPHUQLFHRQDþHOLKVLVWHPLKLQSRGSRUQLK
WHKQLNDK
Environmental management systems -- General guidelines on principles, systems and
support techniques
Systèmes de management environnemental -- Lignes directrices générales concernant
les principes, les systèmes et les techniques de mise en oeuvre
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 14004:2004
ICS:
13.020.10 Ravnanje z okoljem Environmental management
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 14004
Second edition
2004-11-15
Environmental management systems —
General guidelines on principles, systems
and support techniques
Systèmes de management environnemental — Lignes directrices
générales concernant les principes, les systèmes et les techniques de
mise en œuvre
Reference number
©
ISO 2004
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall
not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the
unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
©
ii ISO 2004 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Environmental management system elements . 5
4.1 General . 5
4.2 Environmental policy . 8
4.3 Planning . 10
4.4 Implementation and operation . 19
4.5 Checking . 28
4.6 Management review . 32
Annex A (informative) Examples of correspondence between environmental management system
elements . 34
Bibliography . 39
©
ISO 2004 – All rights reserved iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 14004 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 207, Environmental management, Subcommittee
SC 1, Environmental management systems.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 14004:1996), which has been technically
revised.
©
iv ISO 2004 – All rights reserved
Introduction
As concern grows for continually improving the quality of the environment, organizations of all types and sizes
are increasingly turning their attention to the environmental impacts of their activities, products and services.
The environmental performance of an organization is of importance to internal and external interested parties.
Achieving sound environmental performance requires organizational commitment to a systematic approach and
to continual improvement of an environmental management system (EMS).
The general purpose of this International Standard is to provide assistance to organizations that wish to
implement or improve an environmental management system and thereby improve their environmental
performance. This International Standard is consistent with the concept of sustainable development and
compatible with diverse cultural, social and organizational frameworks and systems of management.
This International Standard can be used by organizations of all types, sizes and levels of maturity, and in all
sectors and geographic locations. The special needs of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are
incorporated, and this International Standard accommodates their needs and promotes their use of an
environmental management system.
This International Standard is part of the series of environmental management standards established by
ISO/TC207. In this series, only ISO14001 contains requirements that may be objectively audited for
certification/registration purposes or for self-declaration purposes. This International Standard includes
examples, descriptions and options that aid both in the implementation of an environmental management
system and in strengthening its relation to the overall management of an organization. While the guidelines in
this International Standard are consistent with the ISO 14001 environmental management system model, they
are not intended to provide interpretations of the requirements of ISO 14001. For ease of use, the subclauses
of Clause 4 of ISO 14001 have the same numbering as in ISO 14004. However, the latter has extra subclauses
(e.g. 4.3.1.1 or 4.3.3.3), where detailed or additional guidance for an effective environmental management
system implementation is considered useful. Apart from this International Standard and ISO 14001, there are
numerous other environmental management standards in the series of International Standards established by
ISO/TC 207. A reference to and description of these International Standards can be found in the ISO publication
The ISO 14000 Family of International Standards.
This International Standard describes the elements of an environmental management system and provides
organizations with guidance on how to establish, implement, maintain or improve an environmental
management system. Such a system can substantially enhance an organization's ability to anticipate, identify
and manage its interactions with the environment, meet its environmental objectives and ensure ongoing
compliance with applicable legal requirements and with other requirements to which the organization
subscribes.
Examples and approaches are presented throughout this International Standard for illustrative purposes. They
are not intended to represent the only possibilities, nor are they necessarily suitable for every organization. In
designing and implementing or improving an environmental management system, organizations should select
approaches that are appropriate to their own circumstances. Environmental management is an integral part of
an organization's overall management system. The design of an environmental management system is an
ongoing and interactive process. The structure, responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes and
resources for implementing environmental policies, objectives and targets can be coordinated with existing
efforts in other areas (e.g. operations, finance, quality, occupational health and safety).
For ease of reading and understanding this International Standard, practical help and general guidance have
been separated out and are shown as boxed text.
©
ISO 2004 – All rights reserved v
Key tasks for managers establishing, implementing, maintaining or improving an environmental management
system include the need to
— recognize that environmental management is among the highest organizational priorities,
— establish and maintain communication and constructive relations with internal and external interested
parties,
— identify the environmental aspects of the organization's activities, products and services,
— identify the legal requirements and other requirements to which the organization subscribes, that relate to
the organization's environmental aspects,
— ensure the commitment of management and all persons working for or on behalf of the organization to the
protection of the environment, with clear assignment of accountability and responsibility,
— encourage environmental planning throughout the product or service life cycle,
— establish a process for achieving environmental objectives and targets,
— provide appropriate and sufficient resources, including training, to comply with applicable legal
requirements and with other requirements to which the organization subscribes, and to achieve
environmental objectives and targets on an ongoing basis,
— evaluate environmental performance against the organization's environmental policy, objectives and targets
and seek improvement where appropriate,
— establish a management process to audit and review the environmental management system and to identify
opportunities for improvement of the system and resulting environmental performance, and
— encourage contractors and suppliers to establish an environmental management system.
Organizations may use this International Standard, or related ISO documents, in various ways, including
— as guidance to establish, implement, maintain or improve its environmental management system, knowing
that this International Standard is not intended for self-declaration or other conformity assessment
purposes, and
— in support of the implementation or improvement of its environmental management system.
The choice will depend on factors such as
— an organization's goals,
— the maturity of an organization's management systems (i.e. whether the organization has a management
system in place that is capable of supporting the inclusion of environmental concerns),
— possible advantages and disadvantages, as determined by such factors as an organization's current and
desired market position, reputation, external relations and the views of interested parties, and
— the size of an organization.
An effective environmental management system helps an organization to avoid, reduce or control the adverse
environmental impacts of its activities, products and services, achieve compliance with applicable legal and
requirements and with other requirements to which the organization subscribes and assist in continually
improving environmental performance.
Having an environmental management system can help an organization assure interested parties that
— a management commitment exists to meet the provisions of its policy, objectives, and targets,
— emphasis is placed on prevention,
— evidence of reasonable care and regulatory compliance can be provided, and
— the system's design incorporates the process of continual improvement.
Economic benefits can be gained from implementing an environmental management system. An organization
whose management system incorporates an environmental management system has a framework to balance
and integrate economic and environmental interests. Economic benefits can also be identified to demonstrate
©
vi ISO 2004 – All rights reserved
to interested parties the value to the organization of sound environmental management. It also provides the
organization with the opportunity to link environmental objectives and targets with specific financial outcomes
and thus to ensure that resources are made available where they provide the most benefit in both financial and
environmental terms. An organization that has implemented an environmental management system can
achieve significant competitive advantages.
In addition to improved environmental performance, the potential benefits associated with an effective
environmental management system include
— assuring customers of commitment to demonstrable environmental management,
— maintaining good public/community relations,
— satisfying investor criteria and improving access to capital,
— obtaining insurance at reasonable cost,
— enhancing image and market share,
— improving cost control,
— reducing incidents that result in liability,
— conserving input materials and energy,
— facilitating the attainment of permits and authorizations and meeting their requirements,
— promoting environmental awareness among suppliers, contractors and all persons working for or on behalf
of the organization,
— fostering development and sharing of solutions to environmental problems, and
— improving industry-government relations.
©
ISO 2004 – All rights reserved vii
.
viii
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14004:2004(E)
Environmental management systems — General guidelines on
principles, systems and support techniques
1Scope
This International Standard provides guidance on the establishment, implementation, maintenance and
improvement of an environmental management system and its coordination with other management systems.
NOTE While the system is not intended to manage occupational health and safety issues, they may be included when an
organization seeks to implement an integrated environmental and occupational health and safety management system.
The guidelines in this International Standard are applicable to any organization, regardless of its size, type,
location or level of maturity.
While the guidelines in this International Standard are consistent with the ISO14001 environmental
management system model, they are not intended to provide interpretations of the requirements of ISO 14001.
2 Normative references
No normative references are cited. This clause is included in order to retain clause numbering identical with the
previous edition (ISO 14004:1996).
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
auditor
person with the competence to conduct an audit
[ISO 9000:2000, 3.9.9]
3.2
continual improvement
recurring process of enhancing the environmental management system (3.9) in order to achieve
improvements in overall environmental performance (3.11) consistent with the organization's (3.20)
environmental policy (3.13)
NOTE The process need not take place in all areas of activity simultaneously.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.2]
3.3
correction
action taken to eliminate a detected nonconformity (3.18)
NOTE Adapted from ISO 9000:2000, 3.6.6.
©
ISO 2004 – All rights reserved 1
3.4
corrective action
action to eliminate the cause of a detected nonconformity (3.18)
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.3]
3.5
document
information and its supporting medium
NOTE 1 The medium can be paper, magnetic, electronic or optical computer disc, photograph or master sample, or a
combination thereof.
NOTE 2 Adapted from ISO 9000:2000, 3.7.2.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.4]
3.6
environment
surroundings in which an organization (3.20) operates, including air, water, land, natural resources, flora,
fauna, humans, and their interrelation
NOTE Surroundings in this context extend from within an organization (3.20) to the global system.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.5]
3.7
environmental aspect
element of an organization's (3.20) activities or products or services that can interact with the environment
(3.6)
NOTE A significant environmental aspect has or can have a significant environmental impact (3.8).
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.6]
3.8
environmental impact
any change to the environment (3.6), whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an
organization's (3.20) environmental aspects (3.7)
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.7]
3.9
environmental management system
EMS
part of an organization's (3.20) management system used to develop and implement its environmental policy
(3.13) and manage its environmental aspects (3.7)
NOTE 1 A management system is a set of interrelated elements used to establish policy and objectives and to achieve
those objectives.
NOTE2 A management system includes organizational structure, planning activities, responsibilities, practices,
procedures (3.23), processes and resources.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.8]
3.10
environmental objective
overall environmental goal, consistent with the environmental policy (3.13), that an organization (3.20) sets
itself to achieve
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.9]
©
2 ISO 2004 – All rights reserved
3.11
environmental performance
measurable results of an organization's (3.20) management of its environmental aspects (3.7)
NOTE In the context of environmental management systems (3.9), results can be measured against the organization's
(3.20) environmental policy (3.13), environmental objectives (3.10), environmental targets (3.14) and other
environmental performance requirements.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.10]
3.12
environmental performance indicator
EPI
specific expression that provides information about an organization's (3.20) environmental performance
(3.11)
[ISO 14031:1999, 2.10]
3.13
environmental policy
overall intentions and direction of an organization (3.20) related to its environmental performance (3.11) as
formally expressed by top management
NOTE The environmental policy provides a framework for action and for the setting of environmental objectives (3.10)
and environmental targets (3.14).
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.11]
3.14
environmental target
detailed performance requirement, applicable to the organization (3.20) or parts thereof, that arises from the
environmental objectives (3.10) and that needs to be set and met in order to achieve those objectives
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.12]
3.15
interested party
person or group concerned with or affected by the environmental performance (3.11) of an organization
(3.20)
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.13]
3.16
internal audit
systematic, independent and documented process for obtaining audit evidence and evaluating it objectively to
determine the extent to which the environmental management system audit criteria set by the organization
(3.20) are fulfilled
NOTE In many cases, particularly in smaller organizations, independence can be demonstrated by the freedom from
responsibility for the activity being audited.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.14]
3.17
management performance indicator
MPI
environmental performance indicator (3.12) that provides information about the management efforts to
influence an organization's (3.20) environmental performance (3.11)
[ISO 14031:1999, 2.10.1]
©
ISO 2004 – All rights reserved 3
3.18
nonconformity
non-fulfilment of a requirement
[ISO 9000:2000, 3.6.2]
3.19
operational performance indicator
OPI
environmental performance indicator (3.12) that provides information about the environmental
performance (3.11) of an organization's (3.20) operations
[ISO 14031:1999, 2.10.2]
3.20
organization
company, corporation, firm, enterprise, authority or institution, or part or combination thereof, whether
incorporated or not, public or private, that has its own functions and administration
NOTE For organizations with more than one operating unit, a single operating unit may be defined as an organization.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.16]
3.21
preventive action
action to eliminate the cause of a potential nonconformity (3.18)
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.17]
3.22
prevention of pollution
use of processes, practices, techniques, materials, products, services or energy to avoid, reduce or control
(separately or in combination) the creation, emission, or discharge of any type of pollutant or waste, in order to
reduce adverse environmental impacts (3.8)
NOTE Prevention of pollution can include source reduction or elimination, process, product or service changes, efficient
use of resources, material and energy substitution, reuse, recovery, recycling, reclamation and treatment.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.18]
3.23
procedure
specified way to carry out an activity or a process
NOTE 1 Procedures can be documented or not.
NOTE 2 Adapted from ISO 9000:2000, 3.4.5.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.19]
3.24
record
document (3.5) stating results achieved or providing evidence of activities performed
NOTE Adapted from ISO 9000:2000, 3.7.6.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.20]
©
4 ISO 2004 – All rights reserved
4 Environmental management system elements
4.1 General
4.1.1 The environmental management system model
The environmental management system detailed in this International Standard follows a “Plan-Do-Check-Act”
(PDCA) management model. The environmental management system model and the ongoing process of
continual improvement are illustrated in Figure 1. For more information on the PDCA model, see Practical
help — The environmental management system model.
Figure 1 — Environmental management system model for this International Standard
An environmental management system is best viewed as an organizing framework that should be continually
monitored and periodically reviewed to provide effective direction for an organization's environmental
management in response to changing internal and external factors. All levels in the organization should accept
responsibility for working to achieve environmental improvements, as applicable.
When first establishing an environmental management system an organization should begin where there is
obvious benefit, for example by focusing on immediate cost savings or regulatory compliance mainly related to
its significant environmental aspects. As the environmental management system takes shape, procedures,
programmes and technologies can be put in place to further improve environmental performance. As the
environmental management system matures, environmental considerations can be integrated into all business
decisions.
©
ISO 2004 – All rights reserved 5
Practical help — The environmental management system model
PDCA is an ongoing, iterative process that enables an organization to establish, implement and maintain its
environmental policy (see 4.2) based on top management's leadership and commitment to the environmental
management system (see 4.1.2). After the organization has evaluated its current position in relation to the
environment (see 4.1.4,) the steps of this ongoing process are the following:
a) Plan: establish an ongoing planning process (see 4.3) that enables the organization to
1) identify environmental aspects and associated environmental impacts (see 4.3.1),
2) identify and monitor applicable legal requirements and other requirements to which the organization
subscribes, and set internal performance criteria where appropriate (see 4.3.2),
3) set environmental objectives and targets and formulate programme(s) to achieve them (see 4.3.3.1
and 4.3.3.2), and
4) develop and use performance indicators (see 4.3.3.3).
b) Do: implement and operate the environmental management system (see 4.4)
1) create management structures, assign roles and responsibilities with sufficient authority,
2) provide adequate resources (see 4.4.1),
3) train persons working for or on behalf of the organization and ensure their awareness and competence
(see 4.4.2),
4) establish processes for internal and external communication (see 4.4.3),
5) establish and maintain documentation (see 4.4.4),
6) establish and implement document control(s) (see 4.4.5),
7) establish and maintain operational control(s) (see 4.4.6), and
8) ensure emergency preparedness and response (see 4.4.7).
c) Check: assess environmental management system processes (see 4.5)
1) conduct ongoing monitoring and measurement (see 4.5.1),
2) evaluate status of compliance (see 4.5.2),
3) identify nonconformity and take corrective and preventive actions (see 4.5.3),
4) manage records (see 4.5.4), and
5) conduct periodic internal audits (see 4.5.5).
d) Act: review and take action to improve the environmental management system (see 4.6)
1) conduct management reviews of the environmental management system at appropriate intervals (see
4.6.1), and
2) identify areas for improvement (see 4.6.2).
This ongoing process enables the organization to continually improve its environmental management system
and its overall environmental performance.
4.1.2 Top management commitment and leadership
To ensure success, an early step in establishing or improving an environmental management system involves
obtaining commitment from the top management of the organization to improve the environmental management
of its activities, products and services. The ongoing commitment and leadership of the top management are
crucial. Identifying the benefits that an environmental management system can bring, as well as the challenges
that an environmental management system can avoid, may help to secure top management's commitment and
leadership.
©
6 ISO 2004 – All rights reserved
4.1.3 Scope of the environmental management system
Top management need to define the scope of the organization's environmental management system. That is,
top management should determine the boundaries of the organization to which the environmental management
system applies. Once the scope of the environmental management system has been defined, all activities,
products and services of the organization that are within the defined scope should be included in the
environmental management system.
4.1.4 Initial environmental review
An organization with no existing environmental management system should assess its current position with
regard to the environment by means of a review. The aim of this review should be to consider the environmental
aspects of the organization's activities, products and services as a basis for establishing its environmental
management system.
Organizations with an existing environmental management system may not need to undertake such a review,
although such a review could assist them in improving their environmental management system.
The review should cover the following four key areas:
a) identification of environmental aspects, including those associated with normal operating conditions,
abnormal conditions including start-up and shut-down, and emergency situations and accidents;
b) identification of applicable legal requirements and other requirements to which the organization subscribes;
c) examination of existing environmental management practices and procedures, including those associated
with procurement and contracting activities;
d) evaluation of previous emergency situations and accidents.
The review can also include additional considerations, such as
— an evaluation of performance compared with applicable internal criteria, external standards, regulations,
codes of practice and sets of principles and guidelines,
— opportunities for competitive advantage, including cost reduction opportunities,
— the views of interested parties, and
— other organizational systems that can enable or impede environmental performance.
The results of the review can be used to assist the organization in setting the scope of its environmental
management system, developing or enhancing its environmental policy, setting of its environmental objectives
and targets, and determining the effectiveness of its approach to maintaining compliance with applicable legal
requirements and other requirements to which the organization subscribes.
©
ISO 2004 – All rights reserved 7
Practical help — Initial environmental review
Methods that can be used to examine existing environmental management practices and procedures include
a) interviews with persons previously or currently working for or on behalf of the organization to determine the
scope of the organization's past and current activities, products and services,
b) evaluation of internal and external communications that have taken place with the organization's interested
parties, including complaints, matters related to applicable legal requirements or other requirements to
which the organizations subscribes, past environmental or related incidents and accidents,
c) gathering information related to current management practices, such as
1) process controls on purchasing hazardous chemicals,
2) the storage and handling of chemicals (e.g. secondary containment; housekeeping, storage of
incompatible chemicals),
3) controls on fugitive emissions,
4) waste disposal methods,
5) emergency preparedness and response equipment,
6) use of resources (e.g. use of office lights after working hours),
7) vegetation and habitat protection during construction,
8) temporal changes in processes (e.g. changes to crop rotation patterns affecting fertilizer discharges to
water),
9) environmental training programmes,
10) review and approval process for operational control procedures, and
11) completeness of monitoring records and/or ease in retrieving historical records.
The review can be conducted using checklists, process flowcharts, interviews, direct inspection and past and
current measurements, results of previous audits or other reviews depending on the nature of the
organization's activities, products and services. The results of the review should be documented so that it can
be used to contribute to setting the scope and establishing or enhancing the organization's environmental
management system, including its environmental policy.
4.2 Environmental policy
An environmental policy establishes the principles of action for an organization. It sets the level of environmental
responsibility and performance required of the organization, against which all subsequent actions will be
judged. The policy should be appropriate to the environmental impacts of the organization's activities, products
and services (within the defined scope of the environmental management system) and should guide the setting
of objectives and targets.
A growing number of international organizations, including government, industry associations and citizens'
groups, have developed guiding principles. Such guiding principles help organizations to define the overall
scope of their commitment to the environment. They also help to give different organizations a common set of
values. Guiding principles such as these can assist an organization in developing its policy, which can be as
individual as the organization for which it is developed. The responsibility for setting environmental policy rests
with an organization's top management. The environmental policy can be included in or linked with other policy
documents of the organization. The organization's management is responsible for implementing the policy and
for providing input to the formulation and modification of the policy. The policy should be communicated to all
persons working for or on behalf of the organization. In addition, the policy should be made available to the
public (see 4.4.3.2 for a discussion of external communication methods).
©
8 ISO 2004 – All rights reserved
In developing its environmental policy, an organization should consider
a) its mission, vision, core values and beliefs;
b) coordination with other organizational policies (e.g. quality, occupational health and safety);
c) the requirements of, and communication with, interested parties;
d) guiding principles;
e) specific local or regional conditions;
f) its commitments to prevention of pollution and continual improvement;
g) its commitment to comply with legal requirements and other requirements to which the organization
subscribes.
Practical help — Environmental policy
The environmental policy should recognize that all activities, products and services within the defined scope of
an organization's environmental management system can cause impacts on the environment.
The issues addressed in the policy therefore depend on the nature of the organization. The policy should state
commitments to, among other things,
a) comply with or exceed applicable legal requirements and other requirements to which the organization
subscribes which relate to its environmental aspects,
b) prevent pollution, (see Practical help — Prevention of pollution), and
c) achieve continual improvement through the development of environmental performance evaluation
procedures and associated indicators.
The policy might also include other commitments to
d) minimize any significant adverse environmental impacts of new developments through the use of
integrated environmental management procedures and planning,
e) design products taking into account environmental aspects, and
f) set an example of leadership in the field of environmental management.
Practical help — Prevention of pollution
Prevention of pollution can be incorporated into the design and development of new products and services, as
well as into the development of associated processes. Such strategies can, for example, help an organization
to conserve resources and reduce waste and emissions associated with products and services. (Guidance on
product design concepts and practices can be found in ISO/TR 14062.)
Source reduction can often be the most effective practice because it has the double benefit of avoiding the
generation of waste and emissions and simultaneously saving resources. However, prevention of pollution
through source reduction may not be practicable in some circumstances and for some organizations. The
organization should consider using a hierarchy of approaches for prevention of pollution. Such a hierarchy
should give preference to preventing pollution at its source, and can be structured as follows:
a) source reduction or elimination (including environmentally sound design and development, material
substitution, process, product or technology changes and efficient use and conservation of energy and
material resources);
b) internal reuse or recycling (reuse or recycling of materials within the process or facility);
c) external reuse or recycling (transfer of materials offsite for reuse or recycling);
d) recovery and treatment (recovery from waste streams on or offsite, treatment of emissions, and releases
on wastes on or offsite to reduce their environmental impacts);
e) control mechanisms, such as incineration or controlled disposal, where permissible. However, the
organization should use methods such as these only after other options have been considered.
©
ISO 2004 – All rights reserved 9
4.3 Planning
General guidance — Planning
Planning is critical to the fulfilment of an organization's environmental policy and the establishment,
implementation, and maintenance of its environmental management system. An organization should have a
planning process that includes the following elements:
a) identification of environmental aspects and the determination of those which are significant;
b) identification of applicable legal requirements and other requirements to which the organization
subscribes;
c) setting of internal performance criteria where appropriate;
d) setting of objectives and targets and establishment of programme(s) to achieve them.
Such a planning process can help an organization focus its resources on those areas that are most important
to achievement of its goals. Information generated by the planning process can also be used in the
establishment and improvement of other parts of the environmental management system, such as training,
operational control and monitoring and measurement.
Planning is an ongoing process. It is used both to establish and implement elements of the environmental
management system and to maintain and improve them, based on changing circumstances and inputs and
outputs of the environmental management system itself. As part of the planning process, an organization
should consider how it would measure and evaluate its performance in meeting its policy commitments,
objectives and targets, and other performance criteria. One approach that can be useful is to establish
performance indicators during the planning process.
NOTE See subclauses 4.3.3.3 and 4.5.1 and ISO 14031 for guidance on performance indicators and evaluation.
4.3.1 Environmental aspects
4.3.1.1 Overview
An effective environmental management system begins with understanding how an organization can interact
with the environment (see 4.3.1.2). The elements of an organization's activities, products and services that can
interact with the environment are called environmental aspects. Examples include a discharge, an emission,
consumption or reuse of a material, or generation of noise. An organization implementing an environmental
management system should identify the environmental aspects it can control and those that it can influence
(see 4.3.1.3).
Changes to the environment, either adverse or beneficial, that result wholly or partially from environmental
aspects are called environmental impacts. Examples of adverse impacts include pollution of air, and depletion
of natural resources. Examples of beneficial impacts include improved water or soil quality. The relationship
between environmental aspects and associated impacts is one of cause and effect. An organization should
have an understanding of those aspects that have or can have significant impacts on the environment, i.e.
significant environmental aspects (see 4.3.1.4).
Since an organization can have many environmental aspects and associated impacts, it should establish
criteria and a method to determine those that it will consider significant (see 4.3.1.5). Several factors should be
considered when establishing criteria, such as environmental characteristics, information on applicable legal
requirements and other requirements to which the organization subscribes, and concerns of interested parties
(internal and external). Some of these criteria can be applied to an organization's environmental aspects
directly and some to their associated environmental impacts.
Identifying significant environmental aspects and associated impacts is necessary in order to determine where
control or improvement is needed and to set priorities for management action (see 4.3.1.5). An organization's
policy, objectives and targets, training, communications, operational controls and monitoring programmes
should be primarily based on knowledge of its significant environmental aspects, although issues such as
©
10 ISO 2004 – All rights reserved
applicable legal requirements and other requirements to which the organization subscribes and the views of
interested parties will also need to be taken into account. The identification of significant environmental aspects
is an ongoing process that enhances an organization's understanding of its relationship to the environment and
contributes to continual improvement of its environmental performance through enhancement of its
environmental management system.
As there is no single approach for identifying environmental aspects and environmental impacts and
determining significance that will suit all organizations, the guidance that follows serves to explain key concepts
to those implementing or improving an environmental management system. Each organization should choose
an approach that is appropriate to its scope, nature and scale and that meets its needs in terms of detail,
complexity, time, cost and availability of reliable data. The use of (a) procedure(s) to apply the approach
selected can help to achieve consistency.
Further guidance and additional examples are contained in the following subclauses and in Table A.1.
4.3.1.2 Understanding activities, products and services
Almost all activities, products and services have some impact on the environment, which may occur at any or all
stages of the activities, products or services life cycle, i.e. from raw material acquisition and distribution, to use
and disposal. Such impacts may be local, regional or global, short or long term, with varying levels of
significance. An organization should understand the activities, products and services that fall within the scope of
its environmental management system, and may find it useful to group them for identification and evaluation of
environmental aspects. Grouping or categorizing activities, products and services can assist an organization in
identifying common or similar environmental aspects. A grouping or category could be based on common
characteristics, such as organizational units, geographical locations, operations workflow, materials or energy
use in product groups, or environmental media affected (e.g. air, water, land). To be useful, the size of a
category should be large enough for meaningful examination, yet small enough to be clearly understood.
NOTE See ISO 14031 for examples of categories of activities, products and services.
4.3.1.3 Identifying environmental aspects
An organization should identify environmental aspects within the scope of its environmental management
system that are associated with its past, ongoing and planned activities, products and services. In all cases, the
organization should consider normal and abnormal operating conditions including start-up and shut-down
mai
...
NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 14004
Deuxième édition
2004-11-15
Systèmes de management
environnemental — Lignes directrices
générales concernant les principes, les
systèmes et les techniques de mise en
œuvre
Environmental management systems — General guidelines on
principles, systems and support techniques
Numéro de référence
©
ISO 2004
PDF — Exonération de responsabilité
Le présent fichier PDF peut contenir des polices de caractères intégrées. Conformément aux conditions de licence d'Adobe, ce fichier
peut être imprimé ou visualisé, mais ne doit pas être modifié à moins que l'ordinateur employé à cet effet ne bénéficie d'une licence
autorisant l'utilisation de ces polices et que celles-ci y soient installées. Lors du téléchargement de ce fichier, les parties concernées
acceptent de fait la responsabilité de ne pas enfreindre les conditions de licence d'Adobe. Le Secrétariat central de l'ISO décline toute
responsabilité en la matière.
Adobe est une marque déposée d'Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Les détails relatifs aux produits logiciels utilisés pour la création du présent fichier PDF sont disponibles dans la rubrique General Info du
fichier; les paramètres de création PDF ont été optimisés pour l'impression. Toutes les mesures ont été prises pour garantir l'exploitation
de ce fichier par les comités membres de l'ISO. Dans le cas peu probable où surviendrait un problème d'utilisation, veuillez en informer
le Secrétariat central à l'adresse donnée ci-dessous.
Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf prescription différente, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous
quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit
de l'ISO à l'adresse ci-après ou du comité membre de l'ISO dans le pays du demandeur.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Publié en Suisse
©
ii ISO 2004 – Tous droits réservés
Sommaire Page
1 Domaine d'application . 1
2Références normatives . 1
3 Termes et définitions . 1
4 Éléments du système de management environnemental . 5
4.1 Généralités . 5
4.2 Politique environnementale . 8
4.3 Planification . 11
4.4 Mise en œuvre et fonctionnement . 21
4.5 Contrôle . 32
4.6 Revue de direction . 35
Annexe A (informative) Exemples de liens entre les éléments du système de management
environnemental . 39
Bibliographie . 44
©
ISO 2004 – Tous droits réservés iii
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes nationaux de
normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est en général confiée
aux comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire partie du
comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non
gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux. L'ISO collabore étroitement avec la
Commission électrotechnique internationale (CEI) en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les Normes internationales sont rédigées conformément aux règles données dans les Directives ISO/CEI,
Partie 2.
La tâche principale des comités techniques est d'élaborer les Normes internationales. Les projets de Normes
internationales adoptés par les comités techniques sont soumis aux comités membres pour vote. Leur
publication comme Normes internationales requiert l'approbation de 75 % au moins des comités membres
votants.
L'attention est appelée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l'objet de droits
de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L'ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne pas avoir
identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence.
L'ISO 14004 a été élaborée par le comité technique ISO/TC 207, Management environnemental, sous-comité
SC 1, Systèmes de management environnemental.
Cette deuxième édition annule et remplace la première édition (ISO 14004:1996), dont elle constitue une
révision technique.
©
iv ISO 2004 – Tous droits réservés
Introduction
De plus en plus soucieux du respect et de l´amélioration continue de la qualité de l´environnement, des
organismes de toutes tailles et de tous types attachent une importance croissante aux impacts
environnementaux potentiels de leurs activités, produits et services. Les parties intéressées, qu´elles soient
internes ou externes, ont tendance à considérer comme prioritaires la performance environnementale d´un
organisme. Une bonne performance environnementale implique que tout l´organisme s´engage dans une
approche systématique doublée d´une volonté d´amélioration continue du système de management
environnemental (SME).
La présente Norme internationale a pour principal objectif d´aider les organismes qui souhaitent mettre en
œuvre ou améliorer un système de management environnemental et ainsi améliorer leur performance
environnementale. La présente Norme internationale est cohérente avec le concept de développement durable
et compatible avec des cadres culturels, sociaux et organisationnels différents et avec d'autres systèmes de
management.
La présente Norme internationale peut être utilisée par des organismes de tous types, de toutes tailles et de
tous niveaux de maturité, ainsi que dans tous les secteurs et dans toutes les régions. Les besoins spécifiques
des petites et moyennes entreprises (PME) sont couverts, et la présente Norme internationale s'adapte à leurs
besoins et favorise leur utilisation d'un système de management environnemental.
La présente Norme internationale fait partie de la série des normes sur le management environnemental
établies par l'ISO/TC207. Dans cette série, seul l’ISO14001 contient des exigences qui peuvent être
objectivement auditées à des fins de certification/enregistrement ou d´autodéclaration. La présente Norme
internationale contient des exemples, des descriptions et des options qui aident à la fois à mettre en œuvre un
système de management environnemental, et aussi à consolider son articulation avec le management global
de l´organisme. Même si les lignes directrices de la présente Norme internationale sont cohérentes avec le
modèle de système de management environnemental de l'ISO 14001, elles n'ont pas pour objet de fournir une
interprétation des exigences de l'ISO 14001. Afin de faciliter l'utilisation de la présente Norme internationale,
les paragraphes de l'Article 4 sont numérotés de la même façon que dans l'ISO 14001. Néanmoins, des
paragraphes supplémentaires ont été ajoutés en fin de chapitre (par exemple 4.3.1.1 ou 4.3.3.3), lorsqu'il a été
jugé utile d'ajouter ou de détailler des recommandations supplémentaires pour aider à la mise en œuvre
effective d'un système de management environnemental. À côté de la présente Norme internationale et de
l'ISO 14001, il y a de nombreuses autres Normes de management environnemental dans la série des Normes
internationales établies par l'ISO/TC 207. La référence et la description de ces Normes peuvent être trouvées
dans la publication de l'ISO La famille des Normes internationales ISO 14000.
La présente Norme internationale décrit les éléments d'un système de management environnemental et fournit
aux organismes des lignes directrices sur la façon d'établir, de mettre en œuvre, de tenir à jour et d'améliorer un
système de management environnemental. Un tel système peut substantiellement améliorer la capacité d'un
organisme à anticiper, identifier et gérer ses interactions avec l'environnement, à répondre à ses objectifs
environnementaux, ainsi qu'à s'assurer de sa conformité aux exigences légales applicables et aux autres
exigences applicables auxquelles l'organisme a souscrit.
Des exemples et approches sont présentés dans la présente Norme internationale dans un but illustratif. Ils ne
sont pas censés représenter toutes les possibilités et ne s'adaptent pas forcément à toutes les organisations.
Lors de la conception, de la mise en œuvre ou de l'amélioration d'un système de management
environnemental, il convient que l'organisme choisisse une approche adaptée à ses propres circonstances. Le
management environnemental fait partie intégrante du système global de management d´un organisme. La
conception d´un système de management environnemental résulte d´un processus dynamique et interactif. La
structure, les responsabilités, les pratiques, les procédures, les procédés et les ressources nécessaires à la
mise en œuvre de politiques, d´objectifs et de cibles en matière d´environnement peuvent être coordonnés avec
les efforts existant déjà dans d´autres domaines (comme l´exploitation, les finances, la qualité, l´hygiène et la
sécurité au travail).
©
ISO 2004 – Tous droits réservés v
Pour faciliter la lecture et la compréhension de la présente Norme internationale, des conseils pratiques et des
lignes directrices générales sont présentés séparément et sont encadrés.
Les principales tâches des responsables intervenant dans l'établissement, la mise en œuvre, la tenue à jour ou
l'amélioration d'un système de management environnemental comprennent le besoin de
— considérer le management environnemental comme une priorité majeure de l´organisme,
—établir et entretenir des contacts et des relations constructives avec les parties intéressées, qu´elles soient
internes ou externes,
— identifier les aspects environnementaux des activités, produits et services de l´organisme,
— identifier les exigences légales et les autres exigences auxquelles l'organisme a souscrit, relatives aux
aspects environnementaux de l'organisme,
— s'assurer l'engagement de la direction et de toutes les personnes travaillant pour ou pour le compte de
l'organisme pour la protection de l'environnement, en précisant clairement le partage des responsabilités
techniques et personnelles,
— encourager la planification environnementale sur toute la durée du cycle de vie du produit ou du service,
—établir un processus permettant d´atteindre les objectifs et cibles environnementaux,
— mettre à disposition les ressources suffisantes et appropriés, y compris la formation, pour assurer la
conformité aux exigences légales applicables et aux autres exigences applicables auxquelles l'organisme a
souscrit, et pour atteindre les objectifs et cibles environnementaux et s´y maintenir dans la durée,
—évaluer la performance environnementale par rapport à la politique environnementale de l´organisme et aux
objectifs et cibles environnementaux, et chercher, le cas échéant, à les améliorer,
—établir un processus de management permettant d´auditer et de passer en revue le système de
management environnemental, ainsi que d´identifier les opportunités d´amélioration du système et de la
performance environnementale qui en résulte, et
— encourager les sous-traitants et les fournisseurs à établir un système de management environnemental.
Les organismes peuvent utiliser la présente Norme internationale ou d'autres documents ISO couvrant des
sujets voisins de différentes manières, y compris
— en tant que lignes directrices pour établir, mettre en œuvre, tenir à jour ou améliorer leur propre système de
management environnemental, étant entendu que la présente Norme internationale n'a pas pour objet de
servir de base à une autodéclaration ou à d'autres fins d'attestation de conformité, et
— en soutien à la mise en œuvre ou à l'amélioration de son système de management environnemental.
Le choix va dépendre de facteurs tels que
— les buts de l´organisme,
— la maturité du système de management de l´organisme (c'est-à-dire si l'organisme a un système de
management en place capable d'intégrer les préoccupations environnementales),
— les avantages et les inconvénients possibles, déterminés par des facteurs tels que la position actuelle et
souhaitée de l'organisme sur le marché, son image, ses relations avec l´extérieur et le point de vue des
parties intéressées, et
— la taille de l´organisme.
Un système de management environnemental effectif contribue à ce qu'un organisme évite, réduise ou maîtrise
les impacts environnementaux négatifs de ses activités, produits et services, assure la conformité aux
exigences légales applicables et aux autres exigences auxquelles l'organisme a souscrit, et aide à
l'amélioration continue de la performance environnementale.
©
vi ISO 2004 – Tous droits réservés
Avoir un système de management environnemental peut aider un organisme à donner confiance aux parties
intéressées sur le fait
— qu´il existe un engagement de la direction à satisfaire aux dispositions de sa politique et de ses objectifs et
cibles,
— que l´accent est mis sur la prévention,
— qu´il peut faire la preuve de l´importance qu´il accorde aux questions environnementales et de sa
conformité aux exigences, et
— que la conception du système inclut le processus d´amélioration continue.
La mise en œuvre d´un système de management environnemental peut engendrer des bénéfices du point de
vue économique. Un organisme dont le système de management comprend un système de management
environnemental a une structure qui permet de peser et d´intégrer les intérêts économiques et
environnementaux. Ces bénéfices peuvent aussi être identifiés de façon à démontrer aux parties intéressées
l´avantage que représente, pour l'organisme, la mise en place d´un bon système de management
environnemental. Ce dernier offre également à l´organisme la possibilité de lier les objectifs et cibles
environnementaux à des résultats financiers spécifiques et, ainsi, de garantir l´affectation des ressources
disponibles aux endroits où leur exploitation assure une rentabilité maximale en termes économiques et
environnementaux. La mise en œuvre d´un système de management environnemental peut se traduire, pour
l´organisme, par un gain de compétitivité significatif.
Outre l'amélioration de la performance environnementale, les bénéfices potentiels dégagés par la mise en
place d´un système de management environnemental efficace comprennent
— l´assurance apportée aux consommateurs de l´engagement à un management démontrable de
l´environnement,
— le maintien de bonnes relations avec le public et avec les instances locales,
— la satisfaction aux critères des investisseurs et la facilitation de l´accès aux emprunts,
— l´obtention d´assurances au meilleur prix,
— l´amélioration de l´image de marque et de la part du marché,
— l´amélioration du contrôle des dépenses,
— la limitation des incidents qui impliquent des responsabilités,
— la préservation des matières premières et de l´énergie,
— la simplification des démarches d´obtention des permis et des autorisations, tout en satisfaisant à leurs
exigences,
— le développement de la sensibilisation environnementale des fournisseurs, des sous-traitants et des autres
personnes travaillant pour ou pour le compte de l'organisme,
— l´encouragement au développement et au partage de solutions aux questions environnementales, et
— l´amélioration des relations entre l'industrie et les pouvoirs publics.
©
ISO 2004 – Tous droits réservés vii
.
viii
NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 14004:2004(F)
Systèmes de management environnemental — Lignes
directrices générales concernant les principes, les systèmes et
les techniques de mise en œuvre
1 Domaine d'application
La présente Norme internationale donne des lignes directrices concernant l'établissement, la mise en œuvre, la
mise à jour et l'amélioration d'un système de management environnemental, en indiquant comment le
coordonner aux autres systèmes de management existants.
NOTE Bien que le système de management environnemental n'ait pas pour objet de traiter des questions relatives à
l'hygiène et à la sécurité au travail, ces dernières peuvent être y incluses lorsque l'organisme cherche à mettre en œuvre un
système de management intégré de l'environnement et de l'hygiène et la sécurité au travail.
Ces lignes directrices sont applicables à tout organisme, indépendamment de sa taille, de sa localisation, de sa
nature ou de son niveau de maturité.
Les lignes directrices de la présente Norme internationale sont cohérentes avec le modèle de systèmes de
management environnemental de l'ISO 14001, mais n'ont pas pour objet de fournir une interprétation des
exigences de l'ISO 14001.
2Références normatives
Aucune référence normative n'est citée. Cet article est inclus de manière à retenir une numérotation des
articles identique à celle de la précédente édition (ISO 14004:1996).
3 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et définitions suivants s'appliquent.
3.1
auditeur
personne ayant la compétence pour réaliser un audit
[ISO 9000:2000, 3.9.9]
3.2
amélioration continue
processus récurrent d´enrichissement du système de management environnemental (3.9) afin d'obtenir des
améliorations de la performance environnementale (3.11) globale en cohérence avec la politique
environnementale (3.13) de l´organisme (3.20)
NOTE Le processus ne nécessite pas d´être appliqué dans tous les domaines d´activité simultanément.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.2]
3.3
correction
action visant à éliminer une non-conformité (3.18) détectée
NOTE Adapté de l'ISO 9000:2000, 3.6.6.
©
ISO 2004 – Tous droits réservés 1
3.4
action corrective
action visant à éliminer la cause d'une non-conformité (3.18) détectée
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.3]
3.5
document
support d'information et l'information qu'il contient
NOTE1 Le support peut être papier, disque informatique magnétique, électronique ou optique, photographie ou
échantillon étalon ou une combinaison de ceux-la.
NOTE 2 Adapté de l'ISO 9000:2000, 3.7.2.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.4]
3.6
environnement
milieu dans lequel un organisme (3.20) fonctionne, incluant l'air, l'eau, le sol, les ressources naturelles, la flore,
la faune, les êtres humains et leurs interrelations
NOTE Dans ce contexte, le milieu s'étend de l'intérieur de l'organisme (3.20) au système global.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.5]
3.7
aspect environnemental
élément des activités, produits ou services d'un organisme (3.20) susceptible d'interactions avec
l'environnement (3.6)
NOTE Un aspect environnemental significatif a ou peut avoir un impact environnemental (3.8) significatif.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.6]
3.8
impact environnemental
toute modification de l'environnement (3.6), négative ou bénéfique, résultant totalement ou partiellement des
aspects environnementaux (3.7) d'un organisme (3.20)
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.7]
3.9
système de management environnemental
SME
composante du système de management d'un organisme (3.20) utilisée pour développer et mettre en œuvre
sa politique environnementale (3.13) et gérer ses aspects environnementaux (3.7)
NOTE 1 Un système de management est un ensemble d'éléments liés entre eux utilisé pour établir une politique et des
objectifs et pour atteindre ces objectifs.
NOTE2 Un système de management comprend la structure organisationnelle, les activités de planification, les
responsabilités, les pratiques, les procédures (3.23), les procédés et les ressources.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.8]
3.10
objectif environnemental
but environnemental général qu'un organisme (3.20) se fixe en cohérence avec la politique
environnementale (3.13)
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.9]
©
2 ISO 2004 – Tous droits réservés
3.11
performance environnementale
résultats mesurables du management d'un organisme (3.20) de ses aspects environnementaux (3.7)
NOTE Dans le contexte des systèmes de management environnemental (3.9), les résultats peuvent être mesurés par
rapport à la politique environnementale (3.13) de l'organisme (3.20), aux objectifs environnementaux (3.10), aux
cibles environnementales (3.14) et aux autres exigences de performance environnementale.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.10]
3.12
indicateur de performance environnementale
IPE
expression spécifique qui fournit des informations sur la performance environnementale (3.11) d'un
organisme (3.20)
[ISO 14031:1999, 2.10]
3.13
politique environnementale
expression formelle par la direction à son plus haut niveau des intentions générales et des orientations de
l'organisme (3.20) relatifs à sa performance environnementale (3.11)
NOTE La politique environnementale fournit un cadre pour mener des actions et établir des objectifs environnementaux
(3.10) et des cibles environnementales (3.14).
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.11]
3.14
cible environnementale
exigence de performance détaillée, pouvant s'appliquer à l'ensemble ou à une partie de l'organisme (3.20), qui
résulte des objectifs environnementaux (3.10), et qui doit être fixée et réalisée pour atteindre ces objectifs
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.12]
3.15
partie intéressée
individu ou groupe concerné ou affecté par la performance environnementale (3.11) d'un organisme (3.20)
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.13]
3.16
audit interne
processus systématique, indépendant et documenté en vue d'obtenir et d'évaluer des preuves d'audit de
manière objective afin de déterminer dans quelle mesure les critères d'audit du système de management
environnemental définis par l'organisme (3.20) sont respectés
NOTE Dans de nombreux cas, en particulier pour les petites entreprises, l'indépendance peut être démontrée par
l'absence de responsabilité dans l'activité auditée.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.14]
3.17
indicateur de performance de management
IPM
indicateur de performance environnementale (3.12) qui fournit des informations sur les efforts accomplis par
la direction pour influencer la performance environnementale (3.11) d'un organisme (3.20)
[ISO 14031:1999, 2.10.1]
©
ISO 2004 – Tous droits réservés 3
3.18
non-conformité
non-satisfaction d'une exigence
[ISO 9000:2000, 3.6.2]
3.19
indicateur de performance opérationnelle
IPO
indicateur de performance environnementale (3.12) qui fournit des informations sur la performance
environnementale (3.11) relative aux opérations d'un organisme (3.20)
[ISO 14031:1999, 2.10.2]
3.20
organisme
compagnie, société, firme, entreprise, autorité ou institution, ou partie ou combinaison de celles-la, à
responsabilité limitée ou d'un autre statut, de droit public ou privé, qui a sa propre structure fonctionnelle et
administrative
NOTE Dans les organismes constitués de plusieurs unités opérationnelles, une unité isolée peut être définie comme un
organisme.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.16]
3.21
action préventive
action visant à éliminer la cause d'une non-conformité (3.18) potentielle
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.17]
3.22
prévention de la pollution
utilisation de procédés, pratiques, matériaux, produits, services ou énergie pour empêcher, réduire ou maîtriser
(séparément ou par combinaison) la création, l'émission ou le rejet de tout type de polluant ou déchet, afin de
réduire les impacts environnementaux (3.8) négatifs
NOTE La prévention de la pollution peut inclure la réduction ou l'élimination à la source, les modifications de procédés,
produits ou services, l'utilisation efficace des ressources, la substitution de matériaux et d'énergie, la réutilisation, la
récupération, la valorisation par recyclage et le traitement.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.18]
3.23
procédure
manière spécifiée d'effectuer une activité ou un processus
NOTE 1 Les procédures peuvent être documentées ou non.
NOTE 2 Adapté de l'ISO 9000:2000, 3.4.5.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.19]
3.24
enregistrement
document (3.5) faisant état de résultats obtenus ou apportant la preuve de la réalisation d'une activité
NOTE Adapté de l'ISO 9000:2000, 3.7.6.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.20]
©
4 ISO 2004 – Tous droits réservés
4 Éléments du système de management environnemental
4.1 Généralités
4.1.1 Le modèle de système de management environnemental
Le système de management environnemental décrit dans la présente Norme internationale suit le modèle de
management Planifier-Mettre en œuvre-Contrôler-Agir (Plan-Do-Check-Act, PDCA). Le modèle du système de
management environnemental et le processus d'amélioration continue sont illustrés à la Figure 1. Pour plus
d'information sur le modèle PDCA, se reporter aux Conseils pratiques — Le modèle de système de
management environnemental.
Figure 1 — Modèle de système de management environnemental pour la présente Norme internationale
Un système de management environnemental doit être vu comme une structure organisationnelle qui fait
l´objet d´une surveillance continue et d´une revue périodique, afin de fournir des orientations effectives pour le
management environnemental, en réponse aux changements de facteurs internes ou externes. Il convient que
chaque niveau de l´organisme accepte sa responsabilité quant aux progrès à réaliser en matière de protection
de l´environnement, lorsque cela lui est applicable.
Lorsque l'organisme met en place un système de management environnemental pour la première fois, il
convient que l´organisme commence par construire le système de management environnemental là où il en
retirera un bénéfice évident, par exemple en réalisant des économies immédiates, en concentrant ses efforts
sur la conformité aux règlements, notamment sur ses aspects environnementaux significatifs. Le système de
management environnemental commençant à prendre forme, l'organisme pourra alors se doter des
procédures, des programmes et des techniques qui lui permettront d´améliorer encore sa performance
environnementale. Puis, la maturité du système de management environnemental aidant, les considérations
environnementales peuvent être intégrées dans toutes les décisions d´entreprise.
©
ISO 2004 – Tous droits réservés 5
Conseils pratiques — Le modèle de système de management environnemental
Le PDCA est un processus continu et itératif qui permet à un organisme d'établir, de mettre en œuvre et de
tenir à jour sa politique environnementale (voir 4.2), basée sur l'engagement de la direction à son plus haut
niveau dans le système de management environnemental (voir 4.1.2). Une fois que l'organisme a évalué sa
situation par rapport à l'environnement en réalisant une analyse environnementale (voir 4.1.4), les étapes de
ce processus continu sont les suivantes.
a) Planifier: établir un processus de planification continue (voir 4.3) afin de permettre à l'organisme
1) d'identifier ses aspects environnementaux et les impacts environnementaux associés (voir 4.3.1),
2) d'identifier et de suivre les exigences légales applicables et les autres exigences applicables
auxquelles l'organisme a souscrit, et d'établir des critères internes de performance lorsque cela est
approprié (voir 4.3.2),
3) d'établir des objectifs et cibles environnementaux et de définir un (des) programme(s) pour les
atteindre (voir 4.3.3.1 et 4.3.3.2), et
4) de développer et d'utiliser des indicateurs de performance (voir 4.3.3.3).
b) Mettre en œuvre: mise en œuvre et fonctionnement du système de management environnemental (voir
4.4), à savoir,
1) créer des structures de management, attribuer les rôles et les responsabilités avec une autorité
suffisante,
2) mettre à disposition les ressources appropriées (voir 4.4.1),
3) former les personnes travaillant pour ou pour le compte de l'organisme et s'assurer de leur
sensibilisation et de leur compétence (voir 4.4.2),
4) établir des processus pour la communication interne et externe (voir 4.4.3),
5) établir et tenir à jour la documentation (voir 4.4.4),
6) établir et mettre en œuvre la maîtrise de la documentation (voir 4.4.5),
7) établir et tenir à jour la maîtrise opérationnelle (voir 4.4.6), et
8) s'assurer de la réponse aux situations d'urgence (voir 4.4.7).
c) Contrôler: évaluer les processus du système de management environnemental (voir 4.5), c'est-à-dire
1) surveiller et mesurer de façon continue (voir 4.5.1),
2) évaluer l'état de la conformité (voir 4.5.2),
3) identifier les non-conformités et mener les actions correctives et préventives (voir 4.5.3),
4) gérer les enregistrements (voir 4.5.4), et
5) conduire périodiquement des audits internes (voir 4.5.5).
d) Agir: passer en revue et améliorer le système de management environnemental (voir 4.6), à savoir,
1) conduire des revues de direction du système de management environnemental à intervalles
appropriés (voir 4.6.1), et
2) identifier les zones d'amélioration (voir 4.6.2).
Ce processus continu permet à l'organisme d'améliorer de manière continue son système de management
environnemental et sa performance environnementale globale.
4.1.2 Engagement et leadership de la direction à son plus haut niveau
Le succès dès les premières étapes de l'établissement ou de l´amélioration d´un système de management
environnemental implique l´engagement de la direction de l´organisme à son plus haut niveau, afin d´améliorer
le management environnemental de ses activités, produits et services. Son engagement et son leadership
permanents sont essentiels. L'identification des avantages que peut apporter un système de management
©
6 ISO 2004 – Tous droits réservés
environnemental, tout comme les défis qu'un système de management environnemental peut éviter, peut aider
la direction à conforter ses engagements et son rôle.
4.1.3 Domaine d'application du système de management environnemental
Il est nécessaire que la direction à son plus haut niveau définisse le domaine d'application du système de
management environnemental de l'organisme. C'est-à-dire, qu'il convient que la direction à son plus haut
niveau détermine les limites de l'organisme auxquelles s'applique le système de management
environnemental. Une fois que le domaine d'application du système de management environnemental a été
clairement défini, il convient que toutes les activités, produits et services de l'organisme, inclus dans le domaine
d‘application, soient couverts par le système de management environnemental.
4.1.4 Analyse environnementale initiale
Il convient qu'un organisme qui ne possède pas de système de management environnemental établisse
initialement sa situation par rapport à l'environnement en réalisant une analyse environnementale. Le but de
cette analyse est de tenir compte de tous les aspects environnementaux des activités, produits et services de
l'organisme pour établir son système de management environnemental.
Les organismes qui possèdent déjà un système de management environnemental n'ont pas à entreprendre une
telle analyse, bien que celle-là puisse les aider à améliorer leur système de management environnemental.
Il convient que cette analyse couvre les quatre domaines principaux suivants:
a) l'identification des aspects environnementaux, y compris ceux associés aux conditions normales de
fonctionnement, aux conditions anormales dont le démarrage et l'arrêt, ainsi qu'aux situations d'urgence et
aux accidents;
b) l´identification des exigences légales applicables et des autres exigences applicables auxquelles
l'organisme a souscrit;
c) l'examen des pratiques et procédures environnementales existantes, incluant celles associées aux activités
d'achats et de sous-traitances;
d) l'évaluation des situations d'urgence et des accidents qui se sont déjà produits.
L'analyse peut aussi inclure d'autres considérations, telles que
— l´évaluation de la performance par rapport à des critères pertinents internes, à des normes externes, à des
règlements, à des codes de bonne pratique, à des principes et à des lignes directrices,
— les occasions d´améliorer la compétitivité, y compris les occasions de réaliser des économies,
— les points de vue des parties intéressées, et
— les fonctions ou les activités d´autres systèmes d´organisation qui peuvent améliorer ou pénaliser la
performance environnementale.
Les résultats de l'analyse peuvent être utilisés pour aider l'organisme à établir le domaine d'application de son
système de management environnemental, à développer ou enrichir sa politique environnementale, à établir
ses objectifs et cibles et à déterminer l'efficacité de son approche à assurer sa conformité aux exigences
légales applicables et aux autres exigences applicables auxquelles l'organisme a souscrit.
©
ISO 2004 – Tous droits réservés 7
Conseils pratiques — Analyse environnementale initiale
Les méthodes pouvant être utilisées pour examiner les pratiques et les procédures de management
environnemental comprennent
a) des interviews des personnes travaillant ou ayant travaillé pour ou pour le compte de l'organisme, afin de
déterminer le domaine d'application des activités, produits et services passés et présents de l'organisme;
b) l'évaluation des communications internes et externes qui ont été mises en place avec les parties
intéressées, y compris les plaintes, les événements liés aux exigences légales applicables et aux autres
exigences applicables auxquelles l'organisme a souscrit, les incidents et accidents environnementaux
intervenus;
c) la collecte d'informations liées aux pratiques actuelles de management, telles que
1) les procédures de contrôle de l'achat de produits chimiques dangereux,
2) le stockage et la manipulation des produits chimiques (par exemple double enveloppe, entretien des
locaux, stockage de produits chimiques incompatibles),
3) la maîtrise des émissions fugitives,
4) les méthodes d'élimination de déchets,
5) les équipements et la préparation nécessaires pour répondre aux situations d'urgence,
6) l'utilisation des ressources (par exemple l'utilisation des lumières en dehors des heures de travail),
7) la protection de la végétation et de l'habitat lors de la construction,
8) les changements des processus dans le temps (par exemple changement de modèle de rotation des
récoltes pouvant avoir des conséquences sur le passage des engrais dans l'eau),
9) les programmes de formation à l'environnement,
10) le processus pour la revue et l'approbation des procédures de maîtrise opérationnelle, et
11)le fait que les enregistrements de contrôle soient complets et/ou la facilité de retrait des
enregistrements anciens.
L'analyse peut être conduite en utilisant des listes de questions (check-lists), des diagrammes de procédés,
des interviews, des inspections directes et des mesures passées ou actuelles, des résultats d'audits
précédents et d‘autres analyses, selon la nature des activités, produits et services de l'organisme. Il convient
que les résultats de l'analyse soient documentés afin qu'ils puissent être utilisés pour la définition du domaine
d'application et pour l'établissement ou l'amélioration du système de management environnemental, y compris
sa politique environnementale.
4.2 Politique environnementale
Une politique environnementale établit pour un organisme ses principes d'action. Elle a pour objectif de fixer le
niveau de responsabilité vis-à-vis de l´environnement et le niveau de performance environnementale requis. Ce
niveau sert de référence pour évaluer toutes les actions ultérieures de l'organisme. Il convient que la politique
soit adaptée aux impacts environnementaux des activités, produits et services de l'organisme (couverts par le
domaine d'application du système de management environnemental) et serve de guide lors de l'établissement
de ses objectifs et cibles.
Un nombre croissant d´organismes internationaux, incluant des gouvernements, des associations industrielles
et des mouvements de citoyens, ont adopté des principes d'action. Ces principes ont permis aux organismes
de définir le domaine général de leur engagement pour la défense de l´environnement. Ils permettent
également de doter des organismes différents d´un certain nombre de valeurs communes. De tels principes
aident les organismes à mettre au point leur politique, qui est aussi unique que l´organisme pour lequel elle est
développée. La mise en place d´une politique environnementale relève de la responsabilité de la direction au
plus haut niveau de l´organisme. La politique environnementale peut être intégrée dans, ou associée à, d'autres
documents relatifs à la politique de l'organisme. La direction de l´organisme est responsable de la mise en
œuvre de la politique et de la mise à disposition des données qui permettront de la formuler ou de la modifier.
©
8 ISO 2004 – Tous droits réservés
Il convient que la politique soit communiquée à toutes les personnes travaillant pour ou pour le compte de
l'organisme. De plus, il convient que la politique soit mise à disposition du public (voir 4.4.3.2 pour quelques
éléments sur les méthodes de communication externe).
Lorsqu'il développe sa politique environnementale, il convient qu'un organisme tienne compte des points
suivants:
a) sa mission, sa vision, ses valeurs et ses convictions essentielles;
b) la coordination avec les autres politiques de l´organisme (par exemple en matière de qualité, et d´hygiène
et sécurité au travail);
c) les exigences des parties intéressées et la communication avec celles-là;
d) les principes fondamentaux;
e) les conditions locales ou régionales spécifiques;
f) son engagement de prévention de la pollution et d'amélioration continue;
g) son engagement de conformité aux exigences légales et aux autres exigences auxquelles l´organisme a
souscrit.
Conseils pratiques — Politique environnementale
Il convient que la politique environnementale reflète que toutes les activités, produits et services, inclus dans
le domaine d'application du système de management environnemental, peuvent avoir des impacts sur
l´environnement.
Les questions abordées dans la politique environnementale dépendent donc de la nature de l´organisme. Il
convient que la politique environnementale définisse les engagements de l´organisme, entre autres, à
a) se conformer ou dépasser les exigences légales applicables et les autres exigences applicables
auxquelles l'organisme a souscrit, relatives à ses aspects environnementaux,
b) prévenir la pollution (voir Conseils pratiques — Prévention des pollutions), et
c) améliorer de façon continue le système de management environnemental à travers le développement de
procédures d'évaluation de la performance environnementale et des indicateurs associés.
La politique environnementale peut aussi inclure d'autres engagements pour
d) minimiser les impacts environnementaux significatifs négatifs des nouveaux développements à travers
l'utilisation de procédures intégrées de management environnemental et la planification,
e) prendre en compte les aspects environnementaux dans la conception des produits, et
f) établir un exemple de leadership dans le domaine du management environnemental.
©
ISO 2004 – Tous droits réservés 9
Conseils pratiques — Prévention des pollutions
La prévention des pollutions peut être intégrée à la conception et au développement de nouveaux produits et
services, ainsi qu'au développement des procédés associés. De telles stratégies peuvent, par exemple aider
un organisme à préserver ses ressources ainsi qu'à réduire les déchets et les émissions associées à ses
produits et services (l'ISO/TR 14062 fournit des lignes directrices pour l'intégration de l'environnement dans la
conception et le développement).
La réduction à la source peut souvent être le moyen le plus efficace, en raison de son double avantage d'éviter
la production de déchets et d'émissions et, simultanément, de préserver les ressources. Malgré cela, la
prévention des pollutions par la réduction à la source n'est pas toujours applicable à toutes les circonstances
ni à tous les organismes. Il convient que l'organisme prenne en compte l'utilisation d‘une hiérarchisation des
approches pour la prévention des pollutions. Il convient qu'une telle hiérarchie donne la préférence à la
prévention des pollutions à la source. Elle peut être structurée comme suit:
a) réduction ou élimination à la source (y compris la prise en compte de l'environnement dans la conception
et le développement, le remplacement de matériaux, le changement de processus, produits et
technologies, et l'utilisation efficace des matériaux et des ressources énergétiques);
b) réutilisation interne ou recyclage (réutilisation ou recyclage de matériaux dans le processus ou dans
l'installation);
c) réutilisation externe ou recyclage (transfert de matériaux en dehors du site pour réutilisation ou recyclage);
d) valorisation et traitement (valorisation à partir de flux de déchets dans le site ou à l'extérieur, et traitement
des émissions et des rejets ou des déchets dans le site ou à l'extérieur, afin de réduire leurs impacts
environnementaux);
e) mécanismes de contrôle, tels que l'incinération ou le stockage contrôlé, lorsque cela est possible.
Toutefois, il convient que l'organisme n'utilise de telles méthodes qu'après que les autres options ont été
envisagées.
©
10 ISO 2004 – Tous droits réservés
4.3 Planification
Lignes directrices — Planification
La planification est une étape critique de la réalisation de la politique environnementale de l'organisme, ainsi
que de l'établissement, de la mise en œuvre et de la tenue à jour de son système de management
environnemental. Il convient que l'organisme ait un processus de planification qui comprenne les éléments
suivants:
a) l'identification des aspects environnementaux et la détermination de ceux ayant un caractère significatif;
b) l'identification des exigences légales applicables et des autres exigences applicables auxquelles
l'organisme a souscrit;
c) la détermination des critères de performance environnementale lorsque cela est adapté;
d) la définition des objectifs et cibles, et l'établissement d'un (ou de plusieurs) programme(s) pour les
atteindre.
Un tel processus de planification peut aider un organisme à concentrer ses ressources sur ceux de ses
secteurs qui sont les plus importants pour l'accomplissement de ses buts. L'information produite par le
processus de planification peut également être employée dans l'établissement et l'amélioration d'autres
parties du système de management environnemental, telles que la formation, la maîtrise opérationnelle, la
surveillance et le mesurage.
La planification est un processus continu. Elle est utilisée à la fois pour établir et mettre en application des
éléments du système de management environnemental et pour les tenir à jour et les améliorer, en se basant
sur l'évolution des circonstances ainsi que sur les entrées et les sorties du système de management
environnemental lui-même. Dans le cadre du processus de planification, il convient qu'un organisme prenne
en compte la façon dont il mesure
...
NORMA ISO
INTERNACIONAL 14004
Traducción certificada
Certified translation
Traduction certifiée
Sistemas de gestión ambiental —
Directrices generales sobre principios,
sistemas y técnicas de apoyo
Environmental management systems — General guidelines on principles,
systems and support techniques
Systèmes de management environnemental — Lignes directrices
générales concernant les principes, les systèmes et les techniques de mise
en œuvre
Publicado en la Secretaría Central de ISO en Ginebra, Suiza, en tanto que
traducción oficial en español por cuenta de 9 comités miembros de ISO
(véase lista en página ii) que han certificado la conformidad de la
traducción en relación con las versiones inglesa y francesa.
Número de referencia
(traducción certificada)
©
ISO 2004
PDF – Exoneración de responsabilidad
El presente fichero PDF puede contener pólizas de caracteres integradas. Conforme a las condiciones de licencia de Adobe, este fichero
podrá ser impreso o visualizado, pero no deberá ser modificado a menos que el ordenador empleado para tal fin disfrute de una licencia que
autorice la utilización de estas pólizas y que éstas estén instaladas en el ordenador. Al descargar este fichero, las partes implicadas aceptan
de hecho la responsabilidad de no infringir las condiciones de licencia de Adobe. La Secretaría Central de ISO rehusa toda responsabilidad
sobre esta cuestión.
Adobe es una marca registrada de Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Los detalles relativos a los productos software utilizados para la creación del presente fichero PDF están disponibles en la sección General
Info del fichero. Los parámetros de creación PDF han sido optimizados para la impresión. Se han adoptado todas las medidas pertinentes
para garantizar la explotación de este fichero por los comités miembros de ISO. En la eventualidad poco probable de surgir un problema de
utilización, sírvase comunicarlo a la Secretaría Central en la dirección indicada a continuación.
Comités miembros de ISO que han certificado la conformidad de la traducción:
― Asociación Española de Normalización y Certificación (AENOR), España
― Dirección General de Normas (DGN), México
― Fondo para la Normalización y Certificación de la Calidad (FONDONORMA), Venezuela
― Instituto Argentino de Normalización (IRAM), Argentina
― Instituto Colombiano de Normas Técnicas y Certificación (ICONTEC), Colombia
― Instituto de Normas Técnicas de Costa Rica (INTECO), Costa Rica
― Instituto Nacional de Normalización (INN), Chile
― Instituto Uruguayo de Normas Técnicas (UNIT), Uruguay
― Oficina Nacional de Normalización (NC), Cuba
© ISO 2004
Reservados los derechos de reproducción. Salvo prescripción diferente, no podrá reproducirse ni utilizarse ninguna parte de esta publicación
bajo ninguna forma y por ningún procedimiento, electrónico o mecánico, fotocopias y microfilms inclusive, sin el acuerdo escrito de ISO
solicitado a la siguiente dirección o del organismo miembro de ISO en el país del solicitante.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tfn: + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax: + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Versión española publicada el 2005-01-15
Publicado en Suiza
Traducción certificada / Certified translation / Traduction certifiée
ii © ISO 2004 Todos los derechos reservados
Índice
Prólogo. iv
Prólogo de la versión en español. v
Introducción. vi
1 Objeto y campo de aplicación . 1
2 Normas para consulta. 2
3 Términos y definiciones. 3
4 Elementos del sistema de gestión ambiental . 5
4.1 Generalidades. 5
4.2 Política ambiental. 8
4.3 Planificación. 10
4.4 Implementación y operación. 20
4.5 Verificación. 31
4.6 Revisión por la dirección. 34
Anexo A (informativo) Ejemplos de correspondencia entre los elementos
del sistema de gestión ambiental. 37
Bibliografía. 42
Traducción certificada / Certified translation / Traduction certifiée iii
Prólogo
ISO (la Organización Internacional de Normalización) es una federación mundial de organismos nacionales de
normalización (organismos miembros de ISO). El trabajo de preparación de las normas internacionales
normalmente se realiza a través de los comités técnicos de ISO. Cada organismo miembro interesado en una
materia para la cual se haya establecido un comité técnico, tiene el derecho de estar representado en dicho
comité. Las organizaciones internacionales, públicas y privadas, en coordinación con ISO, también participan en el
trabajo. ISO colabora estrechamente con la Comisión Electrotécnica Internacional (CEI) en todas las materias de
normalización electrotécnica.
Las Normas Internacionales se redactan de acuerdo con las reglas establecidas en la Parte 2 de las Directivas
ISO/CEI.
La tarea principal de los comités técnicos es preparar Normas Internacionales. Los Proyectos de Normas
Internacionales adoptados por los comités técnicos son enviados a los organismos miembros para votación. La
publicación como Norma Internacional requiere la aprobación por al menos el 75% de los organismos miembros
requeridos para votar.
Se llama la atención sobre la posibilidad de que algunos de los elementos de esta Norma Internacional puedan
estar sujetos a derechos de patente. ISO e CEI no asume la responsabilidad por la identificación de cualquiera o
todos los derechos de patente.
La Norma ISO 14004 ha sido preparada por el Comité Técnico ISO/TC 207, Gestión ambiental, Subcomité SC 1,
Sistemas de gestión ambiental.
Esta segunda edición anula y sustituye la primera edición (ISO 14004:1996), que ha sido actualizada
técnicamente.
iv Traducción certificada / Certified translation / Traduction certifiée
Prólogo de la versión en español
Esta Norma Internacional ha sido traducida por el Grupo de Trabajo “Spanish Translation Task Force” del Comité
Técnico ISO/TC 207, Gestión ambiental, en el que han participado representantes de los organismos nacionales
de normalización y representantes del sector empresarial de los siguientes países:
Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, España, Estados Unidos de América, México, Perú,
República Dominicana, Uruguay y Venezuela.
Igualmente, en el citado Grupo de Trabajo participan representantes de COPANT (Comisión Panamericana de
Normas Técnicas) y de INLAC (Instituto Latinoamericano de la Calidad).
La innegable importancia de esta norma deriva, sustancialmente, del hecho de que ésta representa una iniciativa
en la normalización internacional, con la que se consigue unificar la terminología en el sector de la gestión
ambiental en la lengua española.
Traducción certificada / Certified translation / Traduction certifiée v
Introducción
A medida que crece la preocupación por mejorar continuamente la calidad del medio ambiente, las organizaciones
de todos los tipos y tamaños fijan su atención cada vez más en los impactos ambientales de sus actividades,
productos y servicios. El desempeño ambiental de una organización es de importancia para las partes interesadas,
internas y externas. El logro de un desempeño ambiental sólido requiere el compromiso de la organización con un
enfoque sistemático y con la mejora continua de un sistema de gestión ambiental (SGA).
El propósito general de esta Norma Internacional es proporcionar asistencia a las organizaciones que deseen
implementar o mejorar un sistema de gestión ambiental y con ello mejorar su desempeño ambiental. Es coherente
con el concepto de desarrollo sostenible y compatible con diversas estructuras culturales, sociales, de la
organización y sistemas de gestión.
Esta Norma Internacional puede ser usada por organizaciones de todos los tipos, tamaños y niveles de madurez
en todos los sectores y lugares geográficos. Se han incluido las necesidades especiales de las pequeñas y
medianas empresas (PyMEs); y esta Norma Internacional se adapta a sus necesidades y promueve el uso de un
sistema de gestión ambiental.
Esta Norma Internacional es parte de la serie de normas sobre gestión ambiental establecidas por el Comité
Técnico ISO/TC 207. En esta serie, solamente la Norma ISO 14001 contiene requisitos que pueden ser auditados
objetivamente con propósitos de certificación/registro o de autodeclaración. Esta Norma Internacional incluye
ejemplos, descripciones y opciones que ayudan tanto a la implementación de un SGA como al fortalecimiento de
su relación con la gestión total de una organización. Aunque las directrices de esta Norma Internacional son
coherentes con el modelo de SGA de la ISO 14001, no están previstas para proporcionar interpretaciones de los
requisitos de la ISO 14001. Para facilidad de uso, los apartados del capítulo 4 tienen la misma numeración de la
ISO 14004. Sin embargo, ésta última tiene secciones adicionales (por ejemplo: los apartados 4.3.1.1 ó 4.3.4)
donde se presenta información detallada o adicional para una implementación eficaz del SGA. Además de esta
Norma Internacional y de la Norma ISO 14001, existen numerosas normas de gestión ambiental en la serie de
Normas Internacionales, establecidas por el Comité Técnico ISO/TC 207. Se puede encontrar una referencia a
estas Normas Internacionales y una descripción de ellas, en la publicación ISO The ISO Family of International
Standards (La familia de normas internacionales ISO).
Esta Norma Internacional describe los elementos de un sistema de gestión ambiental y proporciona orientación a
las organizaciones sobre cómo desarrollar, implementar, mantener o mejorar un sistema de gestión ambiental.
Este sistema puede mejorar sustancialmente la capacidad de una organización para anticipar, identificar y
gestionar sus interacciones con el medio ambiente, cumplir sus objetivos ambientales y asegurarse del
cumplimiento constante de los requisitos legales ambientales pertinentes y otros requisitos ambientales que la
organización suscriba.
A lo largo de esta Norma Internacional se presentan ejemplos y enfoques con propósitos ilustrativos. No pretenden
representar las únicas posibilidades ni son necesariamente adecuados para cada organización. Al diseñar e
implementar o mejorar un sistema de gestión ambiental, las organizaciones deberían seleccionar los enfoques que
son apropiados para sus propias circunstancias. La gestión ambiental es parte integral del sistema de gestión
global de una organización. El diseño de un sistema de gestión ambiental es un proceso constante e interactivo.
La estructura, responsabilidades, prácticas, procedimientos, procesos y recursos para implementar las políticas,
objetivos y metas ambientales se pueden coordinar con los esfuerzos existentes en otras áreas (por ejemplo:
operaciones, finanzas, calidad, salud ocupacional y seguridad).
Para facilitar la lectura y la comprensión, las ayudas prácticas y las directrices generales se han separado y se
presentan como textos insertados en cuadros.
Las tareas fundamentales para que los directores desarrollen, implementen o mejoren un sistema de gestión
ambiental incluyen las siguientes:
reconocer que la gestión ambiental está entre las prioridades más altas de la organización;
vi Traducción certificada / Certified translation / Traduction certifiée
establecer y mantener comunicaciones y relaciones constructivas con las partes interesadas, internas y
externas;
identificar los aspectos ambientales de la organización, productos y servicios;
identificar los requisitos legales y otros requisitos que la organización suscriba, relativos a los aspectos
ambientales de la organización;
asegurarse del compromiso de la dirección y de todas las personas que trabajan para la organización o en
nombre de ella para la protección del medio ambiente, con asignaciones claras en cuanto a informe de
acciones y responsabilidades;
fomentar la planificación ambiental a través del ciclo de vida del producto o servicio;
establecer un proceso para el logro de los objetivos y metas ambientales;
suministrar recursos apropiados y suficientes, incluida la formación, para cumplir con los requisitos legales y
otros requisitos que la organización suscriba, y alcanzar los objetivos y metas ambientales en forma
constante;
evaluar el desempeño ambiental frente a la política, los objetivos y metas ambientales de la organización y
buscar mejoras donde sea apropiado;
establecer un proceso de gestión para auditar y revisar el sistema de gestión ambiental e identificar
oportunidades de mejora del sistema y del desempeño ambiental resultante; y
motivar a los contratistas y proveedores a establecer un sistema de gestión ambiental.
Las organizaciones pueden usar de diferentes formas esta Norma Internacional o los documentos ISO
relacionados, incluidos:
como orientación para establecer implementar, mantener o mejorar su sistema de gestión ambiental, con el
conocimiento de que esta norma no está prevista para propósitos de certificación/registro ni autodeclaración;
como apoyo a la implementación o mejora de su sistema de gestión ambiental.
La selección dependerá de factores tales como:
los objetivos de una organización;
la madurez de los sistemas de gestión de una organización (es decir, si la organización tiene establecido un
sistema de gestión capaz de integrar inquietudes ambientales);
las posibles ventajas o desventajas, determinadas por factores tales como la posición actual y deseada de la
organización en el mercado, su reputación, relaciones externas y opiniones de las partes interesadas;
el tamaño de la organización.
Un sistema de gestión ambiental eficaz puede ayudar a una organización a evitar, reducir o controlar los impactos
ambientales adversos de sus actividades, productos y servicios, asegura un mejor cumplimiento de los requisitos
legales aplicables y otros requisitos que la organización suscriba, y ayuda a la mejora continua del desempeño
ambiental.
Traducción certificada / Certified translation / Traduction certifiée vii
Contar con un sistema de gestión ambiental puede ayudar a una organización a asegurar a las partes interesadas
que:
existe el compromiso de la dirección para cumplir las disposiciones de sus políticas, objetivos y metas;
se hace énfasis en la prevención;
se puede proporcionar la evidencia de un comportamiento razonable en lo que se refiere a los asuntos
ambientales y al cumplimiento de la reglamentación;
el diseño del sistema incorpora el proceso de mejora continua.
Se pueden obtener beneficios económicos con la implementación de un sistema de gestión ambiental. Una
organización cuyo sistema de gestión incorpore un sistema de gestión ambiental posee un marco de referencia
para equilibrar e integrar intereses económicos y ambientales. Estos se pueden identificar para demostrar a las
partes interesadas el valor que tiene para la organización contar con un sistema de gestión ambiental sólido.
También proporcionan a la organización la oportunidad de enlazar los objetivos y metas ambientales con
resultados financieros específicos y de esta manera asegurar que haya disponibles recursos que proporcionan el
mayor beneficio tanto en términos ambientales como financieros. Una organización que haya implementado un
sistema de gestión ambiental puede lograr ventajas competitivas significativas.
Además de mejorar el desempeño ambiental, los beneficios potenciales asociados con un sistema de gestión
ambiental eficaz incluyen:
asegurar a los clientes el compromiso con una gestión ambiental demostrable;
mantener buenas relaciones públicas y con la comunidad;
satisfacer los criterios de los inversionistas y mejorar del acceso al capital;
obtener seguros a un precio razonable;
mejorar la imagen y participación en el mercado;
cumplir los criterios de certificación para vendedores (en el caso de ofertas);
mejorar el control de costos;
reducir de incidentes que den como resultado responsabilidad legal;
conservar materiales de entrada y energía;
facilitar el logro de permisos, autorizaciones y el cumplimiento de sus requisitos;
fomentar del desarrollo y participación en las soluciones de problemas ambientales;
mejorar de las relaciones autoridades gubernamentales-industria.
viii Traducción certificada / Certified translation / Traduction certifiée
NORMA INTERNACIONAL ISO 14004:2004 (traducción certificada)
Sistemas de gestión ambiental — Directrices generales sobre
principios, sistemas y técnicas de apoyo
1 Objeto y campo de aplicación
Esta Norma Internacional proporciona orientación sobre el establecimiento, implementación, mantenimiento y
mejora de un sistema de gestión ambiental y su coordinación con otros sistemas de gestión.
NOTA Aunque el sistema no está previsto para gestionar temas de salud ocupacional y seguridad, estos pueden estar
incluidos cuando una organización busca implementar un sistema integrado de gestión ambiental, salud y seguridad
ocupacional.
Las directrices de esta Norma Internacional son aplicables a cualquier organización independientemente de su
tamaño, tipo, ubicación o nivel de madurez.
Aunque las directrices de esta Norma Internacional son coherentes con el modelo del sistema de gestión
ambiental de la Norma ISO 14001, no están previstas para proporcionar interpretaciones de los requisitos de la
Norma ISO 14001.
2 Normas para consulta
No se citan referencias normativas. Este apartado se incluye con el propósito de mantener el mismo orden
numérico de los apartados de la edición anterior (ISO 14004:1996).
3 Términos y definiciones
Para los propósitos de esta Norma Internacional se aplican los siguientes términos y definiciones:
3.1
auditor
persona con competencia para llevar a cabo una auditoría
[ISO 9000:2000, 3.9.9]
3.2
mejora continua
proceso recurrente de optimización del sistema de gestión ambiental (3.9) para lograr mejoras en el desempeño
ambiental (3.11) global de forma coherente con la política ambiental (3.11) de la organización (3.20)
NOTA No es necesario que dicho proceso se lleve a cabo de forma simultánea en todas las áreas de actividad.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.2]
3.3
corrección
acción tomada para eliminar una no conformidad (3.18) detectada
NOTA Adaptada del apartado 3.6.6 de la Norma ISO 9000:2000.
Traducción certificada / Certified translation / Traduction certifiée
3.4
acción correctiva
acción para eliminar la causa de una no conformidad (3.18)
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.3]
3.5
documento
información y su medio de soporte
NOTA 1 El medio de soporte puede ser papel, disco magnético, óptico o electrónico, fotografía o muestra patrón, o una
combinación de éstos.
NOTA 2 Adaptada del apartado 3.7.2 de la ISO 9000:2000.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.4]
3.6
medio ambiente
entorno en el cual una organización (3.20) opera, incluidos el aire, el agua, el suelo, los recursos naturales, la
flora, la fauna, los seres humanos y sus interrelaciones
NOTA El entorno en este contexto se extiende desde el interior de una organización (3.20) hasta el sistema global.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.5]
3.7
aspecto ambiental
elemento de las actividades, productos o servicios de una organización (3.20) que puede interactuar con el
medio ambiente (3.6)
NOTA Un aspecto ambiental significativo tiene o puede tener un impacto ambiental (3.8) significativo.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.6]
3.8
impacto ambiental
cualquier cambio en el medio ambiente (3.6), ya sea adverso o beneficioso, resultante total o parcialmente de los
aspectos ambientales (3.20) de una organización (3.7)
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.7]
3.9
sistema de gestión ambiental
SGA
parte del sistema de gestión de una organización (3.20) empleada para desarrollar e implementar su política
ambiental (3.13) y gestionar sus aspectos ambientales (3.7)
NOTA 1 Un sistema de gestión es un grupo de requisitos interrelacionados usados para establecer la política y los objetivos
y para cumplir estos objetivos.
NOTA 2 Un sistema de gestión incluye la estructura organizacional, la planificación de actividades, las responsabilidades,
las prácticas, los procedimientos (3.23), los procesos y los recursos.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.8]
3.10
objetivo ambiental
fin ambiental de carácter general coherente con la política ambiental (3.13), que una organización (3.20) se
establece
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.9]
2 Traducción certificada / Certified translation / Traduction certifiée
3.11
desempeño ambiental
resultados medibles de la gestión que hace una organización (3.20) de sus aspectos ambientales (3.7)
NOTA En el contexto de los sistemas de gestión ambiental (3.9), los resultados se pueden medir con relación a la
política ambiental (3.13) de la organización, los objetivos ambientales (3.10) y las metas ambientales (3.14) y otros
requisitos de desempeño ambiental.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.10]
3.12
indicador de desempeño ambiental
IDA
expresión específica que proporciona información sobre el desempeño ambiental (3.11) de una organización (3.20)
[ISO 14031:1999, 2.10]
3.13
política ambiental
intenciones y dirección generales de una organización (3.20) relacionadas con su desempeño ambiental (3.11),
como las expresa formalmente la alta dirección
NOTA La política ambiental proporciona una estructura para la acción y para el establecimiento de los objetivos
ambientales (3.10) y las metas ambientales (3.14).
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.11]
3.14
meta ambiental
requisito de desempeño detallado aplicable a la organización (3.20) o a partes de ella, que tiene su origen en los
objetivos ambientales (3.10) y que es necesario establecer y cumplir para alcanzar dichos objetivos
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.12]
3.15
parte interesada
individuo o grupo involucrado o afectado por el desempeño ambiental (3.11) de una organización (3.20)
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.13]
3.16
auditoría interna
proceso sistemático, independiente y documentado para obtener evidencias de la auditoría y evaluarlas de
manera objetiva con el fin de determinar la extensión en que se cumplen los criterios de auditoría del sistema de
gestión ambiental fijados por la organización (3.20)
NOTA En muchos casos, particularmente en organizaciones pequeñas, la independencia puede demostrarse al estar libre
el auditor de responsabilidades en la actividad que se audita.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.14]
3.17
indicador del desempeño de la gestión
IDG
indicador de desempeño ambiental (3.12) que proporciona información sobre el esfuerzo de la dirección para
influir en el desempeño ambiental (3.11) de una organización (3.20)
[ISO 14031:1999; 2.10.1]
Traducción certificada / Certified translation / Traduction certifiée 3
3.18
no conformidad
incumplimiento de un requisito
[ISO 9000:2000, 3.6.2]
3.19
indicador del desempeño operacional
IDO
indicador de desempeño ambiental (3.12) que proporciona información sobre el desempeño ambiental (3.11)
de las operaciones de una organización (3.20)
[ISO 14031:1999; 2.10.2]
3.20
organización
compañía, corporación, firma, empresa, autoridad o institución, o parte o combinación de ellas, ya sea sociedad o
no, pública o privada, que tiene sus propias funciones y administración
NOTA Para organizaciones con más de una unidad operativa, una unidad operativa por sí sola puede definirse como una
organización.
[ISO 14001:2004; 3.16]
3.21
acción preventiva
acción para eliminar la causa de una no conformidad (3.18) potencial
[ISO 14001:2004; 3.17]
3.22
prevención de la contaminación
utilización de procesos, prácticas, técnicas, materiales, productos, servicios o energía para evitar, reducir o
controlar (en forma separada o en combinación) la generación, emisión o descarga de cualquier tipo de
contaminante o residuo, con el fin de reducir impactos ambientales (3.8) adversos
NOTA La prevención de la contaminación puede incluir reducción o eliminación en la fuente, cambios en el proceso,
producto o servicio, uso eficiente de recursos, sustitución de materiales o energía, reutilización, recuperación, reciclaje,
aprovechamiento y tratamiento.
[ISO 14001:2004; 3.18]
3.23
procedimiento
forma especificada para llevar a cabo una actividad o proceso
NOTA 1 Los procedimientos pueden estar documentados o no.
NOTA 2 Adaptada del apartado 3.4.5. de la Norma ISO 9000:2000.
[ISO 14001:2004; 3.19]
3.24
registro
documento (3.5) que presenta resultados obtenidos, o que proporciona evidencia de actividades desempeñadas
NOTA Definición adaptada del apartado 3.7.6 de la norma ISO 9000:2000.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.20]
4 Traducción certificada / Certified translation / Traduction certifiée
4 Elementos del sistema de gestión ambiental
4.1 Generalidades
4.1.1 El modelo del sistema de gestión ambiental
El sistema de gestión ambiental presentado en detalle en esta Norma Internacional sigue un modelo de gestión
"Planificar-Hacer-Verificar-Actuar" (PHVA). El modelo de sistema de gestión ambiental y el proceso constante de
mejora continua se ilustran en la Figura 1. Para más información, véase la Ayuda práctica − El modelo del sistema
de gestión ambiental.
Figura 1 — Modelo de sistema de gestión ambiental para esta Norma Internacional
La mejor forma de considerar un sistema de gestión ambiental como una estructura de organización a la que se le
debería hacer seguimiento continuo y se debería revisar periódicamente para proporcionar una orientación eficaz
para la gestión ambiental de la organización en respuesta a factores cambiantes, externos e internos. Todos los
niveles de la organización deberían aceptar la responsabilidad de trabajar para lograr mejoras ambientales, según
sean aplicables.
Cuando una organización establece por primera vez un sistema de gestión ambiental, debería comenzar donde
existan beneficios evidentes, por ejemplo, centrándose en la reducción inmediata de costos o en el cumplimiento
de la reglamentación, relacionado principalmente con sus aspectos ambientales significativos. A medida que el
sistema de gestión ambiental toma forma, se pueden instaurar procedimientos, programas y tecnologías para una
mejora adicional del desempeño ambiental. A medida que el sistema de gestión ambiental madura, las
consideraciones ambientales se pueden integrar en todas las decisiones del negocio.
Traducción certificada / Certified translation / Traduction certifiée 5
Ayuda práctica — El modelo del sistema de gestión ambiental
El ciclo PHVA es un proceso constante e iterativo que permite que una organización desarrolle e implemente su
política ambiental (véase el apartado 4.2) con base en el liderazgo y el compromiso de la alta dirección con el
SGA (véase el apartado 4.1.2). Después de que la organización haya evaluado su posición actual en relación
con el medio ambiente (véase el apartado 4.1.4), los pasos de este proceso continuo son los siguientes:
a) Planificar: establecer un proceso de planificación continuo (véase el apartado 4.3) que permite a la
organización:
1) identificar los aspectos ambientales y los impactos ambientales asociados (véase el apartado 4.3.1);
2) identificar y hacer seguimiento de los requisitos legales y otros requisitos que la organización suscriba, y
establecer criterios internos de desempeño cuando sea apropiado (véase el apartado 4.3.2);
3) establecer objetivos y metas ambientales y formular programas para lograrlos (veánse los apartados
4.3.3.1 y 4.3.3.2); y
4) desarrollar y usar indicadores de desempeño (véase el apartado 4.3.3.3).
b) Hacer: implementar y operar el sistema de gestión ambiental (véase el apartado 4.4):
1) crear estructuras de gestión, asignar funciones y responsabilidades con suficiente autoridad; y
2) suministrar recursos adecuados (véase el apartado 4.4.1);
3) formar al personal y asegurarse de su toma de conciencia y competencia (véase el apartado 4.4.2);
4) establecer procesos para comunicación interna y externa (véase el apartado 4.4.3);
5) desarrollar y mantener la documentación (véase el apartado 4.4.4);
6) establecer e implementar controles a los documentos (véase el apartado 4.4.5);
7) establecer y mantener controles operacionales (véase el apartado 4.4.6); y
8) asegurarse de la preparación y capacidad de respuesta ante emergencias (véase el apartado 4.4.7).
c) Verificar: evaluar los procesos del sistema de gestión ambiental (véase el apartado 4.5):
1) realizar un seguimiento y medición continuos (véase el apartado 4.5.1);
2) evaluar el estado de cumplimiento (véase el apartado 4.5.2);
3) identificar las no conformidades y tomar acciones correctivas y preventivas (véase el apartado 4.5.3);
4) gestionar registros (véase el apartado 4.5.4); y
5) realizar periódicamente auditorías internas (véase el apartado 4.5.5).
d) Actuar: revisar y emprender acciones para mejorar el sistema de gestión ambiental (véase el apartado 4.6):
1) realizar revisiones por la dirección del sistema de gestión ambiental a intervalos apropiados (véase el
apartado 4.6.1); e
2) identificar áreas de mejora (véase el apartado 4.6.2).
Este proceso continuo posibilita que la organización mejore permanentemente su sistema de gestión ambiental
y su desempeño ambiental global.
6 Traducción certificada / Certified translation / Traduction certifiée
4.1.2 Compromiso de la alta dirección y liderazgo
Para asegurarse del éxito, un paso previo en el establecimiento o mejora de un sistema de gestión ambiental
implica obtener el compromiso de la alta dirección de la organización, para mejorar la gestión ambiental de sus
actividades, productos y servicios. El compromiso y el liderazgo continuo de la alta dirección son decisivos. La
identificación de los beneficios que el sistema de gestión ambiental puede proporcionar, así como los problemas
que puede evitar, ayudan a asegurar el compromiso y el liderazgo de la alta dirección.
4.1.3 Alcance del sistema de gestión ambiental
La alta dirección necesita definir el alcance del sistema de gestión ambiental de la organización. Es decir, la alta
dirección debería aclarar los límites de la organización a los cuales se aplica el sistema de gestión ambiental. Una
vez se haya definido el alcance del sistema de gestión ambiental, todas las actividades, productos y servicios de la
organización que se encuentren dentro del alcance definido se deberían incluir en el sistema de gestión ambiental.
4.1.4 Revisión ambiental inicial
Una organización que no cuente con un sistema de gestión ambiental debería evaluar su situación actual con
relación al medio ambiente, por medio de una revisión. El objetivo de esta revisión debería ser el considerar los
aspectos ambientales de las actividades, productos o servicios de la organización, como base para establecer un
sistema de gestión ambiental.
Es posible que las organizaciones que tienen un sistema de gestión ambiental no necesiten llevar a cabo esta
revisión, aunque su realización les podría ayudar a mejorar su sistema de gestión ambiental.
La revisión debería abarcar las cuatro áreas fundamentales siguientes:
a) la identificación de los aspectos ambientales, incluidos aquellos asociados con la operación en condiciones
normales, condiciones anormales, incluyendo arranque y parada, y situaciones de emergencia y accidentes;
b) la identificación de los requisitos legales aplicables y otros requisitos que la organización suscriba;
c) el examen de las prácticas y procedimientos de gestión ambiental existentes, incluidos los asociados con
actividades de compras y contrataciones;
d) la evaluación de situaciones de emergencia y accidentes previos.
La revisión también puede incluir consideraciones adicionales tales como:
una evaluación del desempeño en comparación con criterios internos, normas externas, reglamentos, códigos
de buenas prácticas y conjuntos de principios y directrices aplicables;
oportunidades de ventajas competitivas, incluidas oportunidades de reducción de costos;
las opiniones de las partes interesadas; y
otros sistemas de organización que pueden posibilitar o impedir el desempeño ambiental.
Los resultados de la revisión se pueden usar para ayudar a la organización a establecer el alcance de su sistema
de gestión ambiental, desarrollar o mejorar su política ambiental, establecer sus objetivos y metas ambientales y
determinar la eficacia de su enfoque para continuar cumpliendo los requisitos legales aplicables y otros requisitos
que la organización suscriba.
Traducción certificada / Certified translation / Traduction certifiée 7
Ayuda práctica — Revisión ambiental inicial
Como métodos que pueden ser empleados para evaluar las prácticas y procedimientos de gestión ambiental se
incluyen:
a) entrevistas con personas que trabajaron previamente o trabajan en la actualidad para la organización o en
nombre de ella, para determinar el alcance de las actividades, productos y servicios pasados y actuales de
la organización;
b) evaluación de las comunicaciones internas y externas con las partes interesadas de la organización,
incluyendo quejas, aspectos relacionados con requisitos legales u otros requisitos que la organización
suscriba, la trayectoria ambiental o los incidentes y accidentes ambientales relacionados;
c) recopilación de información relacionada con prácticas de gestión actuales, tales como:
1) controles de proceso en la compra de productos químicos peligrosos;
2) almacenamiento y manipulación de productos químicos (por ejemplo: contención secundaria: orden y
limpieza, almacenamiento de productos químicos incompatibles);
3) controles sobre emisiones difusas o fugitivas;
4) métodos para disposición de residuos;
5) equipo para preparación y respuesta ante emergencias;
6) uso de recursos (por ejemplo: uso de luz en las oficinas después de horas de trabajo);
7) protección de la vegetación y del hábitat durante la construcción;
8) cambios temporales en los procesos (por ejemplo: cambios en los patrones de rotación de cosechas
que afectan a los vertidos de fertilizantes al agua);
9) programas de formación ambiental;
10) proceso de revisión y aprobación para procedimientos de control operacional; y
11) integridad de los registros de seguimiento y/o facilidad de recuperación de registros históricos.
La revisión se puede realizar usando listas de verificación, diagramas de flujo, entrevistas, inspección directa y
mediciones pasadas y actuales, resultados de auditorías previas u otras revisiones, dependiendo de la
naturaleza de las actividades, productos y servicios de la organización. Los resultados de la revisión deberían
documentarse, de manera que ésta pueda contribuir a la determinación del alcance y al establecimiento o
mejora del sistema de gestión ambiental de la organización, incluida su política ambiental.
4.2 Política ambiental
Una política ambiental establece los principios de acción de una organización. Establece la meta en cuanto al nivel
de responsabilidad ambiental y el desempeño requerido por la organización, frente a la cual se juzgarán todas sus
acciones posteriores. La política debería ser apropiada a los impactos ambientales de las actividades, productos y
servicios de la organización (dentro del alcance definido del sistema de gestión ambiental) y debería guiar el
establecimiento de objetivos y metas.
8 Traducción certificada / Certified translation / Traduction certifiée
Un número creciente de organizaciones internacionales que incluyen los gobiernos, asociaciones industriales y
grupos de ciudadanos han desarrollado principios de orientación. Estos principios de orientación ayudan a las
organizaciones a definir el alcance global de su compromiso con el medio ambiente. También ayuda a dar a
diferentes organizaciones un conjunto de valores comunes. Los principios de orientación como los que pueden
ayudar a la organización a desarrollar su política, pueden ser tan particulares como la organización para la que se
desarrolla. La responsabilidad de establecer una política ambiental reside en la alta dirección de la organización.
La política ambiental puede incluirse o estar relacionada con otros documentos de políticas de la organización. La
alta dirección de la organización es responsable de implementar la política y de suministrar los elementos de
entrada para la formulación y modificación de la política. La política debería comunicarse a todas las personas que
trabajan para la organización o en su nombre. Además, la política debería estar disponible para el público (véase
el apartado 4.4.3.2 para una presentación de los métodos de comunicación externa).
En el desarrollo de su política ambiental una organización debería considerar:
a) su misión, visión, valores esenciales y creencias;
b) la coordinación con otras políticas de la organización (por ejemplo: calidad, seguridad y salud ocupacional);
c) los requisitos de las partes interesadas y la comunicación con éstas;
d) los principios de orientación;
e) las condiciones locales o regionales específicas;
f) su compromiso de prevención de la contaminación y mejora continua;
g) su cumplimiento con requisitos legales y otros requisitos que la organización suscriba.
Ayuda práctica — Política ambiental
La política ambiental debería reconocer que todas las actividades, productos y servicios dentro del alcance
definido del sistema de gestión ambiental de una organización pueden causar impactos en el medio ambiente.
Por tanto, los temas tratados en la política dependen de la naturaleza de la organización. La política debería
establecer el compromiso con los siguientes temas, entre otros:
a) cumplir o exceder los requisitos ambientales y otros requisitos que la organización suscriba relacionados con
sus aspectos ambientales;
b) prevenir la contaminación, (véase Ayuda práctica – Prevención de la contaminación); y
c) lograr la mejora continua a través del desarrollo de procedimientos de evaluación de desempeño ambiental
e indicadores asociados.
La política también podría incluir otros compromisos, tales como:
d) minimizar cualquier impacto ambiental adverso de nuevos desarrollos, a través del uso de procedimientos
integrados de gestión ambiental y planificación;
e) diseñar productos teniendo en cuenta aspectos ambientales; y
f) establecer un ejemplo de liderazgo en el campo de la gestión ambiental.
Traducción certificada / Certified translation / Traduction certifiée 9
Ayuda práctica — Prevención de la contaminación
La prevención de la contaminación se puede incorporar en el diseño y desarrollo de nuevos productos y
servicios, al igual que en el desarrollo de procesos asociados. Estas estrategias pueden, por ejemplo, ayudar a
una organización a conservar los recursos y reducir los residuos y emisiones asociadas con productos y
servicios. (El Informe técnico ISO/TR 14062 proporciona orientación sobre conceptos y prácticas de diseño de
productos).
La reducción en la fuente con frecuencia puede ser la práctica más eficaz, puesto que tiene el doble beneficio
de evitar la generación de residuos y emisiones y simultáneamente ahorrar recursos. Sin embargo, la
prevención de la contaminación a través de la reducción en la fuente es posible que no sea viable en algunas
circunstancias para algunas organizaciones. La organización debería considerar el uso de una jerarquía de
enfoques para la prevención de la contaminación. Esta jerarquía debería dar preferencia a prevenir la
contaminación en la fuente y se puede estructurar como sigue:
a) reducción o eliminación en la fuente (incluidos diseño y desarrollo ambientales sólidos, sustitución de
materiales, cambios en los procesos, productos o tecnología, uso eficiente y conservación de energía y
recursos materiales);
b) reutilización o reciclaje interno (reutilización o reciclaje de materiales dentro del proceso o instalación);
c) reutilización o reciclaje externo (transferencia de materiales fuera del sitio, para reutilización o reciclaje);
d) recuperación y tratamiento (recuperación de flujos de residuos en el sitio o fuera de él, tratamiento de
emisiones y descarga de residuos en el sitio o fuera de él, para reducir sus impactos ambientales); y
e) mecanismos de control tales como incineración o vertido controlado, cuando esté permitido. Sin embargo, la
organización debería usar métodos como estos solamente después de haber considerado otras opciones.
4.3 Planificación
Directrices generales — Planificación
La planificación es crítica para el cumplimiento de la política ambiental de una organización y el establecimiento,
implementación y mantenimiento de su sistema de gestión ambiental. Una organización debería tener un
proceso de planificación que incluya los siguientes elementos:
a) la identificación de aspectos ambientales y determinación de los que so
...
وﺰـــیأ ﺔﻴﻟوﺪﻟا ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﻘﻟا ﺔﻔﺻاﻮﻤﻟا
ﺔﻴﻤﺳﺮﻟا ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺘﻟا
Official translation
Traduction officielle
ﻰ�����ﻠﻋ ﺔ�����ﻣﺎﻋ تادﺎ�����ﺷرإ – ﺔ�����ﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادﻹا ﻢ�����ﻈﻧ
ﺔﻤﻋاﺪﻟا ﻢﻈﻨﻟا تﺎﻴﻨﻘﺗو ،ءىدﺎﺒﻤﻟا
Environmental management systems — General guidelines on
principles, systems and support techniques
Systèmes de management environnemental — Lignes directrices
générales concernant les principes, les systèmes et les techniques
de mise en oeuvre
تﺎﺌﻴه 10 ﻦﻋ ﺔﺏﺎﻧﻹﺎﺏ ﺔﻴﻤﺳر ﺔﻴﺏﺮﻋ ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺘآ اﺮﺴﻳﻮﺳ ،ﻒﻴﻨﺟ ﻲﻓ ISO ﺔﻳﺰآﺮﻤﻟا ﺔﻧﺎﻣﻷا ﻲﻓ ﺖﻌﺒﻃ
.( ii ﺔﺤﻔﺻ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﺉﺎﻘﻟا ﺮﻈﻧا ) ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺘﻟا ﺔﻗد تﺪﻤﺘﻋأ ﻲﺘﻟا ISO ﻲﻓ ءﺎﻀﻋأ
ﻰﻌﺟﺮﻤﻟا ﻢﻗﺮﻟا
ﺔﻴﻤﺳﺮﻟا ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺘﻟا
(ﺔﻴﻤﺳﺮﻟا ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺘﻟا) ISO 14004:2004وﺰﻳأ
ﺔﻴﻟﻮﺌﺴﻡ ءﻼﺧإ
ﺪﻗ ﻒﻠﻤﻟا اﺬه نﺎﻓ ﺺﻴﺧﺮﺘﻠﻟ ( Adobe) ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟ ﺎﻘﺒﻃو ،ﺔﺠﻣﺪﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﺒﻄﻣ قاروأ ﻲﻠﻋ ( Acrobat Reader) PDF ﻒﻠﻤﻟا اﺬه يﻮﺘﺤﻳ ﺪﻗ
ﻞﺧاد ﺎﻬﻨﻳﺰﺨﺘﺏ حﺮﺻ ﺪﻗ ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﺏ ﺔﺠﻣﺪﻤﻟا ﺔﻋﻮﺒﻄﻤﻟا قاروﻷا ﺖﻧﺎآ اذإ ﻻإ ﺮﺸﻨﻠﻟ ﺪﻌﻳ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ ﻻ ﻦﻜﻟو ،ﻪﻴﻠﻋ عﻼﻃﻹا وأ ﻪﻌﺒﻃ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ
.ﻪﺘﻄﺳاﻮﺏ ﺮﺸﻨﻟا ﻢﺘﻳ بﻮﺳﺎﺡ
. ( ﺺﻴﺧﺮﺘﻠﻟ ) ( Adobe)ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺔﻔﻟﺎﺨﻣ مﺪﻋ ﻦﻋ ﺔﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﺬﺉﺪﻨﻋ نﻮﻜﺕ فاﺮﻃﻷا نﺎﻓ ﻒﻠﻤﻟا اﺬه ﻊﺒﻃ ﺔﻟﺎﺡ ﻲﻓو
. لﺎﺠﻤﻟا اﺬه ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ يأ ( ISO ) ﺲﻴﻴﻘﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻤﻟﺎﻌﻟا ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻳﺰآﺮﻤﻟا ﺔﻳرﺎﺕﺮﻜﺴﻟا ﻞﻤﺤﺘﺕ ﻻو
ﻦﻣ ﻒﻠﻤﻟا اﺬه ﻲﻓ ﺔﻣﺪﺨﺘﺴﻤﻟا ﺞﻣاﺮﺒﻟا ﻞﻴﺻﺎﻔﺕ ﻲﻠﻋ لﻮﺼﺤﻟا ﻦﻜﻤﻳو ( Adobe ) ةﺪﺤﺘﻤﻟا ﺔآﺮﺸﻠﻟ ﺔﻠﺠﺴﻣ ﺔﻣﻼﻋ ( Adobe ) ﺮﺒﺘﻌﻳو
ﺪﻴآﺄﺘﻟ ﺔﻳﺎﻨﻌﻟا ﻞآ تﺬﺧأ ﺪﻗو ، ﺔﻋﺎﺒﻄﻠﻟ ﺐﻴﻟﺎﺳﻷا ﻞﻀﻓﺄﺏ ( PDF ) ءﺎﺸﻧإ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻊﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺘﻟا ﻢﺘﻳو . ﻒﻠﻤﻟا اﺬﻬﺏ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻟا ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟا تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻟا
غﻼﺏإ ءﺎﺟﺮﺏ ، ﻒﻠﻤﻟا اﺬﻬﺏ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻣ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻣ يأ ثوﺪﺡ ﺔﻟﺎﺡ ﻲﻓو ، ﺲﻴﻴﻘﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻟوﺪﻟا ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻤﻟا ءﺎﻀﻋﻷ ماﺪﺨﺘﺳﻼﻟ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻒﻠﻤﻟا اﺬه نأ
ﺔﺤﻔﺼﻟا ﻞﻔﺳأ دﻮﺟﻮﻤﻟا ناﻮﻨﻌﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻳﺰآﺮﻤﻟا ﺔﻳرﺎﺕﺮﻜﺴﻟا
ﺔﻔﺻاﻮﻤﻟا تﺪﻤﺘﻋأ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺲﻴﻴﻘﺘﻟا تﺎﻬﺟ
ﺮﺼﻡ ةدﻮﺠﻟاو تﺎﻔﺻاﻮﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻡﺎﻌﻟا ﺔیﺮﺼﻤﻟا ﺔﺌﻴﻬﻟا ƒ
ﺎﻴﺒﻴﻟ ﺮﻴیﺎﻌﻤﻟاو تﺎﻔﺻاﻮﻤﻠﻟ ﻲﺒﻴﻠﻟا ﻲﻨﻃﻮﻟا ﺰآﺮﻤﻟا ƒ
ﺲﻥﻮﺕ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻨﺼﻟا ﺔﻴﻜﻠﻤﻟاو تﺎﻔﺻاﻮﻤﻠﻟ ﻲﺴﻥﻮﺘﻟا ﺪﻬﻌﻤﻟا ƒ
نادﻮﺴﻟا ﺲﻴیﺎﻘﻤﻟاو تﺎﻔﺻاﻮﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻥادﻮﺴﻟا ﺔﺌﻴﻬﻟا ƒ
ﺖیﻮﻜﻟا ﺖیﻮﻜﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼﻠﻟ ﺔﻡﺎﻌﻟا ﺔﺌﻴﻬﻟا ƒ
ﺔیدﻮﻌﺴﻟا ﺲﻴیﺎﻘﻤﻟاو تﺎﻔﺻاﻮﻤﻠﻟ ﺔیدﻮﻌﺴﻟا ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﺌﻴﻬﻟا ƒ
ﻦﻤﻴﻟا ةدﻮﺠﻟا ﻂﺒﺿو ﺲﻴیﺎﻘﻤﻟاو تﺎﻔﺻاﻮﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻨﻤﻴﻟا ﺔﺌﻴﻬﻟا ƒ
ندرﻷا ﺔﻴﻥدرﻷا ﺲﻴیﺎﻘﻤﻟاو تﺎﻔﺻاﻮﻤﻟا ﺔﺴﺳﺆﻡ ƒ
ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا تارﺎﻡﻹا ﺲﻴیﺎﻘﻤﻟاو تﺎﻔﺻاﻮﻤﻠﻟ تارﺎﻡﻹا ﺔﺌﻴه ƒ
ﺎیرﻮﺳ ﺔیرﻮﺴﻟا ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺲﻴیﺎﻘﻤﻟاو تﺎﻔﺻاﻮﻤﻟا ﺔﺌﻴه ƒ
ﻦیﺪﻌﺘﻟاو ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻨﺼﻟا ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻤﻟا ƒ
ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺞﻴﻠﺨﻟا لوﺪﻟ نوﺎﻌﺘﻟا ﺲﻠﺠﻡ لوﺪﻟ ﺲﻴﻴﻘﺘﻟا ﺔﺌﻴه ƒ
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the
address below or ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 . CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Arabic version published in 2009
Published in Switzerland
Official translation - ﺔﻴﻤﺳﺮﻟا ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺘﻟا
ﺔﻇﻮﻔﺤﻣ قﻮﻘﺤﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺟ © ISO 14004:2004
ii
(ﺔﻴﻤﺳﺮﻟا ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺘﻟا) ISO 14004:2004وﺰﻳأ
ﺔﺤﻔﺻ
تﺎیﻮﺘﺤﻤﻟا
1 .لﺎﺠﻤﻟا.1
1 .ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﻘﻟا ﻊﺟاﺮﻤﻟا 2
1 .ﻒیرﺎﻌﺘﻟاو تارﺎﺒﻌﻟا 3
5 .ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادﻹا ﺔﻡﻮﻈﻨﻡ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ 4
5 .مﺎـﻋ 1.4
8 .ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا 2.4
10 . ﻂﻴﻄﺨﺘﻟا 3.4
19 .ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺘﻟاو ﺬﻴﻔﻨﺘﻟا 4.4
28 . ﺺﺤﻔﻟا 5.4
32 .ﺔیرادﻹا ﺔﻌﺟاﺮﻤﻟا 6.4
34 .ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادﻹا ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻠﻟ ﺔﻠﺜﻡأ (ﻰﻡﻼﻋإ) أ ﻖﺤﻠﻡ
39 .ﻊﺟاﺮﻤﻟا
Official translation - ﺔﻴﻤﺳﺮﻟا ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺘﻟا
iii
ﺔﻇﻮﻔﺤﻣ قﻮﻘﺤﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺟ © ISO 14004:2004
(ﺔﻴﻤﺳﺮﻟا ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺘﻟا) ISO 14004:2004وﺰﻳأ
ﺪﻴﻬﻤﺕ
.وﺰـﻳﻷا ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻣ ﻲﻓ ءﺎﻀﻋﻷا لوﺪﻟا ﻞﺜﻤﺕ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻨﻃﻮﻟا ﺲﻴﻴﻘﺘﻟا تﺎﺌﻴﻬﻟ ﻲﻟود دﺎﺤﺕا (ﺲﻴﻴﻘﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻟوﺪﻟا ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻤﻟا) وﺰﻳﻷا
ﻦﻣ ﻮﻀﻋ ﻞﻜﻟ ﻖﺤﻳو .وﺰﻳﻷا ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻤﻟ ﺔﻴﻨﻔﻟا نﺎﺠﻠﻟا لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻢﺘﻳ ﺔﻴﻟوﺪﻟا ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﻘﻟا تﺎﻔﺻاﻮﻤﻟا داﺪﻋإ نﺈﻓ ﺔﻣﺎﻋ ﺔﻔﺼﺏو
ﻲﻓ كرﺎﺸﺕو .ﻮﻀﻌﻟا تﺎﻣﺎﻤﺘها ﺰﻴﺡ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻋﻮﺽﻮﻣ ﻞﺧﺪﻳو ﺎهؤﺎﺸﻧإ ﻢﺕ ﺔﻴﻨﻓ ﺔﻨﺠﻟ يأ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻨﻋ ﻼﺜﻤﻣ ﻦﻴﻌﻳ نأ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻤﻟا ءﺎﻀﻋأ
ﻊﻣ ﻖﻴﺙو ﻞﻜﺸﺏ ﺎﻀﻳأ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻤﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺘﺕو ،وﺰﻳﻷﺎﺏ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺎﻬﻟ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟا ﺮﻴﻏو ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟا ﺔﻴﻟوﺪﻟا تﺎﺌﻴﻬﻟا ﺎﻀﻳأ ﻞﻤﻌﻟا اﺬه
.ﻲﻨﻘﺕوﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﻲﺳﺎﻴﻘﻟا ﺪﻴﺡﻮﺘﻟﺎﺏ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻟا ﻞﺉﺎﺴﻤﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺕوﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻴﻟوﺪﻟا ﺔﻨﺠﻠﻟا
ﻞآ ﻦﻋ ردﺎﺼﻟا ﻞﻴﻟﺪﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟا ءﺰﺠﻟا ﻰﻓ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ صﻮﺼﻨﻤﻟا ﺪﻋاﻮﻘﻠﻟ ﺎﻘﻓو ﺔﻴﻟوﺪﻟا ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﻘﻟا تﺎﻔﺻاﻮﻤﻟا تادﻮﺴﻣ داﺪﻋإ ﻢﺘﻳو
.(ISO/IEC Directives ) ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺕوﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻴﻟوﺪﻟا ﺔﻨﺠﻠﻟاو ﺲﻴﻴﻘﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻟوﺪﻟا ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻤﻟا ﻦﻣ
ﺐﻠﻄﺘﻳو ،ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺖﻳﻮﺼﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻤﻟا ءﺎﻀﻋأ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻨﻔﻟا نﺎﺠﻠﻟا ﺎهﺪﻤﺘﻌﺕ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻟوﺪﻟا ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﻘﻟا تﺎﻔﺻاﻮﻤﻟا تادﻮﺴﻣ عزﻮﺕ ﺎﻤآ
.تاﻮﺻﻷا ﻦﻣ ﻞﻗﻷا ﻰﻠﻋ %75 ﺔﻘﻓاﻮﻣ ﺔﻴﻟود ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﻗ ﺔﻔﺻاﻮﻤآ ﺔﻔﺻاﻮﻤﻟا راﺪﺻإو ﻊﺒﻃ
ﺮﻴﻏ وﺰﻳﻷا ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻣ نأ ﻻإ ةءاﺮﺒﻟا ﻖﺤﻟ ﺔﻌﺽﺎﺧ نﻮﻜﺕ ﺪﻗ ﺔﻴﻟوﺪﻟا ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﻘﻟا ﺔﻔﺻاﻮﻤﻟا ﻩﺬه ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﺾﻌﺏ نأ ﻰﻟإ ﻩﻮﻨﻧ نأ دﻮﻧو
.قﻮﻘﺤﻟا ﻩﺬه ﻞآ وأ ﺾﻌﺏ ﺪﻳﺪﺤﺕ ﻦﻋ ﺔﻟوﺆﺴﻣ
ﺔﻴﻋﺮﻔﻟا ﺔﻨﺠﻠﻟا ، ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﻢﻈﻨﻟﺎﺏ ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟاو 207 ﻢﻗر ﺔﻴﻟوﺪﻟا ﺔﻴﻨﻔﻟا ﺔﻨﺠﻠﻟا ، 14004 وﺰﻳأ ﺔﻴﻟوﺪﻟا ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﻘﻟا ﺔﻔﺻاﻮﻤﻟا داﺪﻋﺈﺏ مﺎﻗ
. ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادﻹا ﻢﻈﻨﺏ ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟاو 1 ﻢﻗر
. ﺎﻴﻨﻘﺕ ﻪﺘﻌﺟاﺮﻣ ﻢﺕ يﺬﻟاو (14004:1996 وﺰﻳأ ) ﺔﻴﻟوﺪﻟا ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﻘﻟا ﺔﻔﺻاﻮﻤﻟا ﻞﺤﻣ ﻞﺤﻳو ﻲﻐﻠﻳ ﻲﻧﺎﺜﻟا راﺪﺻﻹا اﺬه
Official translation - ﺔﻴﻤﺳﺮﻟا ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺘﻟا
ﺔﻇﻮﻔﺤﻣ قﻮﻘﺤﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺟ © ISO 14004:2004
iv
(ﺔﻴﻤﺳﺮﻟا ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺘﻟا) ISO 14004:2004وﺰﻳأ
ﺔﻡﺪﻘﻡ
مﺎﻤﺘهﻻا ﺪﻳاﺰﺘﻳ ﺚﻴﺡ ﺎﻬﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧو ﺎﻬﺕﺎﺠﺘﻨﻣو ﺎﻬﺘﻄﺸﻧﻷ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا رﺎﺙﻵﺎﺏ ًاﺪﻳاﺰﺘﻣ ﺎًﻣﺎﻤﺘها ﺎﻬﻣﺎﺠﺡأو ﺎﻬﻋاﻮﻧأ ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺏ تﺂﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﻢﺘﻬﺕ
ﺐﻠﻄﺘﻳ و .ﺔﻴﺟرﺎﺨﻟاو ﺔﻴﻠﺧاﺪﻟا ﺔﻴﻨﻌﻤﻟا فاﺮﻃﻸﻟ ﺎﻣﺎه ﺎﻣ ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟ ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻟا ءادﻷا نﻮﻜﻳو ، ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةدﻮﺠﻟ ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻤﻟا ﻦﻴﺴﺤﺘﻟﺎﺏ
. (EMS) ﻰﺌﻴﺏ ةرادإ مﺎﻈﻨﻟ ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻤﻟا ﻦﻴﺴﺤﺘﻟﺎﺏ مﺎﻈﺘﻧﺎﺏ ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟا ماﺰﺘﻟا ىﻮﻗ ﻰﺌﻴﺏ ءادﻷ لﻮﺻﻮﻟا
ﻰﺌﻴﺏ ةرادإ مﺎﻈﻧ ﻦﻴﺴﺤﺕ وأ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺕ ﻰﻓ ﺐﻏﺮﺕ ﻰﺘﻟا تﺂﺸﻨﻤﻠﻟ ةﺪﻋﺎﺴﻤﻟا مﺪﻘﺕ نأ ﺔﻴﻟوﺪﻟا ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﻘﻟا ﺔﻔﺻاﻮﻤﻟا ﻩﺬﻬﻟ مﺎﻌﻟا ضﺮﻐﻟا
، ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ، ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺙ تﻻﺎﺠﻣ ﻊﻣ ﺔﻘﻓاﻮﺘﻣ و ﺔﻣاﺪﺘﺴﻤﻟا ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻟا مﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻊﻣ ﺔﻘﻓاﻮﺘﻣ ﺔﻔﺻاﻮﻤﻟا ﻩﺬه . ﻰﺌﻴﺒﻟا ءادﻷا ﻦﻴﺴﺤﺕ ﻰﻟﺎﺘﻟﺎﺏو
. ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ةرادإ ﻢﻈﻧو ﺔﻴﺴﺳﺆﻣ
ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﻰﻓو تﺂﺸﻨﻤﻟا تﺎﻳﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣو ، مﺎﺠﺡأو ، عاﻮﻧأ ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺏ ﺔﻴﻟوﺪﻟا ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﻘﻟا ﺔﻔﺻاﻮﻤﻟا ﻩﺬه ماﺪﺨﺘﺳا ﻦﻜﻤﻳ
(SMEs) ﻢﺠﺤﻟا ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﻤﻟاو ةﺮﻴﻐﺼﻟا تﺂﺸﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟا تﺎﺟﺎﻴﺘﺡﻻا ﺔﻔﺻاﻮﻤﻟا ﻩﺬه ﻦﻤﻀﺘﺕ . ﺔﻴﻓاﺮﻐﺠﻟا ﻊﻗاﻮﻤﻟاو تﺎﻋﺎﻄﻘﻟا
. ﻰﺌﻴﺏ ةرادإ مﺎﻈﻨﻟ ﺎﻬﻣاﺪﺨﺘﺳا ﻊﺠﺸﺕ ﺎﻬﻧا ﺎﻤآ ،ﺎﻬﺕﺎﺟﺎﻴﺘﺡا ﺔﻴﻟوﺪﻟا ﺔﻔﺻاﻮﻤﻟا ﻩﺬه ﺮﻓﻮﺕو
ISO/TC 2O7 ﻢﻗر ﺔﻴﻟوﺪﻟا ﺔﻨﺠﻠﻟا ﺎﻬﺘﻌﺽو ﻰﺘﻟا ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادإ تﺎﻔﺻاﻮﻣ ﺔﻠﺴﻠﺳ ﻦﻣ ءﺰﺟ ﻰه ﺔﻴﻟوﺪﻟا ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﻘﻟا ﺔﻔﺻاﻮﻤﻟا ﻩﺬه
ضﺮﻐﺏ ﻖﻴﻗﺪﺘﻟا فﺪﻬﺘﺴﺕ نأ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ ﻰﺘﻟاو تﺎﺒﻠﻄﺘﻤﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ىﻮﺘﺤﺕ ﻰﺘﻟا ﺔﻠﺴﻠﺴﻟا ﻩﺬه ﻰﻓ ةﺪﻴﺡﻮﻟا ﻰه 14001 وﺰﻳا ﺔﻔﺻاﻮﻤﻟا .
. ﻰﺕاﺬﻟا نﻼﻋﻹا ضاﺮﻏﻹ وأ ﻞﻴﺠﺴﺘﻟا ةدﺎﻬﺵ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻮﺼﺤﻟا
ﺎﻀﻳأو ﻰﺌﻴﺏ ةرادإ مﺎﻈﻨﻟ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻼآ ﻰﻓ ﺪﻋﺎﺴﺕ تارﺎﻴﺘﺧاو تﺎﻔﻴﺻﻮﺕ ، ﻪﻠﺜﻣأ ﺔﻴﻟوﺪﻟا ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﻘﻟا ﺔﻔﺻاﻮﻤﻟا ﻩﺬه ﻞﻤﺘﺸﺕ
14001 وﺰﻳا ﺔﻔﺻاﻮﻤﻟا ﻊﻣ ﺔﻘﻓاﻮﺘﻣ ﺔﻔﺻاﻮﻤﻟا ﻩﺬه ﻰﻓ تادﺎﺵرﻹا نﻮﻜﺕ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺏو .ﺎﻣ ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟ ﺔﻴﻠﻜﻟا ةرادﻹﺎﺏ ﺎﻬﺘﻗﻼﻋ ﺔﻳﻮﻘﺘﻟ
ﺔﻟﻮﻬﺴﻟو 14001 وﺰﻳا ﺔﻔﺻاﻮﻤﻟ تﺎﺒﻠﻄﺘﻤﻠﻟ تاﺮﻴﺴﻔﺘﺏ داﺪﻣﻹا ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺪﺼﻘﻳﻻ ﻪﻧﺈﻓ ، ﻰﺌﻴﺏ ةرادإ مﺎﻈﻧ جذﻮﻤﻨﺏ ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟا
نﺈﻓ ﻚﻟذ ﻊﻣو .14004 وﺰﻳأ ﺔﻔﺻاﻮﻣ ﻞﺜﻣ ﻢﻴﻗﺮﺘﻟا ﺲﻔﻧ ﺎﻬﻟ 14001 وﺰﻳأ ﺔﻔﺻاﻮﻣ ﻰﻓ 4 ﺪﻨﺒﻟ ﺔﻴﻋﺮﻔﻟا دﻮﻨﺒﻟﺎﻓ ماﺪﺨﺘﺳﻻا
تادﺎﺵرإ وأ تﻼﻴﺼﻔﺕ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﻤﺘﺸﺕ ﺚﻴﺡ ،( 4.3.3.3 وأ 4.3.1.1لﺎﺜﻣ ) ةﺪﺉاز ﺔﻴﻋﺮﻓ دﻮﻨﺏ ﺎﻬﻟ 14004 وﺰﻳأ ﺔﻔﺻاﻮﻣ
ﺪﻳﺪﻌﻟا كﺎﻨه ، (14001) وﺰﻳا ﺔﻔﺻاﻮﻤﻟاو ﺔﻔﺻاﻮﻤﻟا ﻩﺬه ﻦﻋ ًاﺪﻴﻌﺏ .ﺔﻌﻓﺎﻧ ﺮﺒﺘﻌﺕ ﻰهو لﺎﻌﻓ ﻰﺌﻴﺏ ﻩرادأ مﺎﻈﻧ ﺬﻴﻔﻨﺘﻟ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﺽإ
ISO / TC ﻢﻗر وﺰﻳا ﺔﻴﻟوﺪﻟا ﺔﻨﺠﻠﻟا ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺏ ةردﺎﺼﻟا ﺔﻴﻟوﺪﻟا تﺎﻔﺻاﻮﻤﻟا ﺔﻠﺴﻠﺳ ﻰﻓ ىﺮﺧﻷا ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادإ تﺎﻔﺻاﻮﻣ ﻦﻣ
ﻒﺻﻮﺕ ﺚﻴﺡ 14000 وﺰﻳا تﺎﻔﺻاﻮﻤﻟا ﺔﻠﺴﻠﺳ تاراﺪﺻإ ﻰﻓ ﺔﻴﻟوﺪﻟا تﺎﻔﺻاﻮﻤﻟا ﻩﺬﻬﻟ ﻒﺻوو ﺔﻴﻌﺟﺮﻣ ﺪﺟﻮﺕ ةدﺎﻋ
ﻪﻘﻴﺒﻄﺕو ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادﻺﻟ مﺎﻈﻧ ﺔﻣﺎﻗإ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻜﻟ تادﺎﺵرﻹﺎﺏ تﺂﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﺪﻤﺕو ﻰﺌﻴﺏ ةرادا مﺎﻈﻨﻟ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻌﻟا ﺔﻴﻟوﺪﻟا ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﻘﻟا ﺔﻔﺻاﻮﻣ
ﺎﻬﻓاﺪهأ ﻖﻘﺤﺕو ، ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﻊﻣ ﺎﻬﺕﻼﺧاﺪﺕ ةرادإو ﺪﻳﺪﺤﺘﻟ ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟا ةرﺪﻘﻣ ﻊﺠﺸﻳ نأ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ مﺎﻈﻨﻟا اﺬه .ﻪﻨﻴﺴﺤﺕ وأ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺔﻈﻓﺎﺤﻤﻟاو
.ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﺎﻬﺏ مﺰﺘﻠﺕ ﻰﺘﻟا ىﺮﺧﻷا تﺎﺒﻠﻄﺘﻤﻟا ﻊﻣو ﺔﻘﺒﻄﻤﻟا ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟا تﺎﺒﻠﻄﺘﻤﻟا ﻊﻣ ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻤﻟا ﺎﻬﻘﺏﺎﻄﺕ ﻦﻣ ﺪآﺄﺘﻟاو ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا
ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺕ ﺎﻬﻧأ وأ ةﺪـﻴﺡﻮﻟا تﺎﻴﻧﺎﻜﻣﻹا ﻲـه نﻮـﻜﺕ نأ دﻮﺼﻘﻤﻟا ﺲﻴﻟو ، ﺔـﻴﻟوﺪﻟا ﺔﻔﺻاﻮﻤﻟا ﻩﺬه ﻞﺧاد تﺎهﺎﺠﺕاو ﺔﻠﺜﻣا ﺪﺟﻮﺕ
تﺎـهﺎﺠﺕﻻا رﺎﻴﺘﺧا تﺂـﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻐﺒﻨﻳو ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادﻹا مﺎﻈﻨﻟ ﻦﻴﺴﺤﺘﻟا وأ ﺬﻴﻔﻨﺘﻟاو ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺘﻟا ﺪﻨﻋ ةﺎﺸﻨﻣ ﻞآ ةروﺮﻀﻟﺎﺏ
. ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟا ﺎﻬﻓوﺮﻈﻟ ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﻤﻟا
، ةﺮﻤﺘﺴﻣ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻮه ﻲﺌﻴﺏ ةرادإ مﺎﻈﻨﻟ ﻢﻴﻤــﺼﺘﻟا 0 ﺎﻣ ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟ ﻰﻠﻜﻟا ةرادﻹا مﺎﻈﻧ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﻜﺘﻣ ءﺰـﺟ ﻲه ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادﻹا
ﺔـﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺘﻟ دراﻮﻤﻟاو تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا ، تاءاﺮﺟﻹا ، تﺎﺳرﺎﻤﻤﻟا ، تﺎﻴﻟﻮﺌﺴﻤﻟا ، ﻲﻤﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا ﻞﻜﻴـﻬﻟا ﻖﻴﺴﻨﺕ ﻦـﻜﻤﻳ ،ﺔﻠﺧاﺪﺘﻣو
. فاﺪهﻷا ، ﺔـﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا
ﺔﺤﺼﻟاو ﺔﻣﻼﺴﻟا ، ةدﻮﺠﻟا ، ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻤﻟا ،ﺔﻴﻠﻴﻐﺸﺘﻟا تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا ﻞﺜﻣ) ىﺮﺧأ تﻻﺎﺠﻣ ﻲﻓ ةﺪـﺟاﻮﺘﻤﻟا تادﻮﻬﺠﻤﻟا ﻊﻣ تﺎﻓﺪﻬﺘﺴﻤﻟاو
. ( ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻟا
Official translation - ﺔﻴﻤﺳﺮﻟا ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺘﻟا
v
ﺔﻇﻮﻔﺤﻣ قﻮﻘﺤﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺟ © ISO 14004:2004
(ﺔﻴﻤﺳﺮﻟا ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺘﻟا) ISO 14004:2004وﺰﻳأ
ﺎهزاﺮﺏإ ﻢﺕو ، مﺎﻌﻟا دﺎﺵرﻹاو ﺢﻴﺽﻮﺘﻟا ، ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا ةﺪـﻋﺎﺴﻤﻟا ﻞـﺼﻓ ﻢﺕ ﺔـﻴﺳﺎﻴﻘﻟا ﺔـﻔﺻاﻮﻤﻟا ﻩﺬـه ﻢﻬـﻓو ةءاﺮـﻗ ﻞﻴﻬـﺴﺕ ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ
. ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﺴﻤﻟا جذﻮﻤﻧ ﻲﻓ ﺺﻨآ
: ﻰﻟإ جﺎﻴﺘﺡﻻا ﻰﺌﻴﺏ ةرادإ مﺎﻈﻧ ﻦﻴﺴﺤﺕ وأ ظﺎﻔﺤﻟا وأ ﺬﻴﻔﻨﺕ وأ ءﺎﺸﻧﺎﺏ نﻮﻣﻮﻘﻳ ﻦﻳﺬﻟا ﻦﻳﺮﻳﺪﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﻷا تﺎﻤﻬﻤﻟا ﻞﻤﺘﺸﺕ
. ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟﺎﺏ ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟا ﻰﻠﻋﻷا تﺎﻳﻮﻟوﻷا ﻦﻤﺽ ﻰه ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادﻹا نأ فاﺮﺘﻋﻻا —
.ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ظﺎﻔﺤﻟاو ﺔﻴﺟرﺎﺧو ﺔﻴﻠﺧاد ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻣ فاﺮﻃأ ﻊﻣ ةءﺎﻨﺏ تﻻﺎﺼﺕا تﺎﻗﻼﻋ ءﺎﺸﻧإ —
. ﺎﻬﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧو ﺎﻬﺕﺎﺠﺘﻨﻣ ، ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﺔﻄﺸﻧﻷ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺮهﺎﻈﻤﻟا ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺕ —
. ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺮهﺎﻈﻤﻟﺎﺏ ﻂﺒﺕﺮﺕ ﻰﺘﻟاو تﺂﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﺎﻬﺏ مﺰﺘﻠﺕ ﻰﺘﻟا ىﺮﺧﻷا تﺎﺒﻠﻄﺘﻤﻟاو ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟا تﺎﺒﻠﻄﺘﻤﻟا ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺕ —
ﺔﻴﺒ�ﺳﺎﺤﻤﻠﻟ ﺢ�ﺽاو ﺪ�ﻳﺪﺤﺕ ﻊ�ﻣ ﺔ�ﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺔ�ﻳﺎﻤﺤﻟ ﺎ�ﻬﻨﻋ ﺔ�ﺏﺎﻴﻧ وأ ةﺄ�ﺸﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﻦﻴﻠﻣﺎ�ﻌﻟا داﺮ�ﻓﻷا ﻊ�ﻴﻤﺟو ةرادﻺ�ﻟ ماﺰ�ﺘﻟﻻا ﺪﻴآﺄﺕ —
. ﺔﻴﻟﻮﺌﺴﻤﻟاو
. ﺔﻣﺪﺨﻟا وأ ﺞﺘﻨﻤﻟا ةﺎﻴﺡ ةرود لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻰﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﻂﻴﻄﺨﺘﻟا ﻊﻴﺠﺸﺕ —
. ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا تﺎﻓﺪﻬﺘﺴﻤﻟاو فاﺪهﻸﻟ لﻮﺻﻮﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ءﺎﺸﻧإ —
ىﺮ�ﺧﻷا تﺎﺒﻠﻄﺘﻤﻟا ﻊﻣو ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﻠﺏﺎﻘﻟا ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟا تﺎﺒﻠﻄﺘﻤﻟا ﻊﻣ ﻖﻓاﻮﺘﻠﻟ ﺐﻳرﺪﺘﻟا ﺔﻠﻣﺎ ﺵ ﻪﻴﻓﺎآو ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ دراﻮﻣ ﻢﻳﺪﻘﺕ —
. ةﺮﻤﺘﺴﻣ ﺲﺳأ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺏ تﺎﻓﺪﻬﺘﺴﻣو فاﺪهأ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺘﻟو ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﺎﻬﺏ مﺰﺘﻠﺕ ﻰﺘﻟا
. ﻦﻜﻣأ ﺎﻤﻠآ ﻦﻴﺴﺤﺘﻟا ىﺮﺤﺕو ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺏ تﺎﻓﺪﻬﺘﺴﻣ ، فاﺪهأ ، ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻦﻋ ﻰﺌﻴﺏ ءادأ ﻢﻴﻴﻘﺕ —
ﻰ�ﺌﻴﺒﻟا ءادﻷاو مﺎ�ﻈﻨﻟﺎﺏ صﺎﺨﻟا ﻦﻴﺴﺤﺘﻠﻟ صﺮﻓ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺕو ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادﻹا مﺎﻈﻧ ﺔﻌﺟاﺮﻣ ، ﻖﻴﻗﺪ ﺘﻟ ﺔﻳرادإ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ءﺎﺸﻧإ —
و ﺞﺕﺎﻨﻟا
ﻰﺌﻴﺏ ةرادإ مﺎﻈﻧ ءﺎﺸﻧﻹ ﻦﻳدرﻮﻤﻟاو ﻦﻴﻟوﺎﻘﻤﻟا ﻊﻴﺠﺸﺕ —
ﻞﻤﺘ�ﺸﺕ ﻰ�ﺘﻟاو ﺔ�ﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻟا قﺮﻄﻟﺎ�ﺏ ﺔﻨﻤ�ﻀﺘﻣ ، ﺔ�ﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻟا وﺰ�ﻳأ ﻖﺉﺎ�ﺙو وأ ﺔ�ﻴﻟوﺪﻟا ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﻘﻟا ﺔﻔﺻاﻮﻤﻟا ﻩﺬه تﺂﺸﻨﻤﻟا مﺪﺨﺘﺴﺕ ﺪﻗ
ﻰﻠﻳﺎﻣ
ﺖ�ﺴﻴﻟ ﺔﻔ�ﺻاﻮﻤﻟا ﻩﺬه نﺄﺏ ًﺎﻤﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﺏ صﺎﺨﻟا ﻰﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادﻹا مﺎﻈﻧ ﻦﻴﺴﺤﺕ وأ ظﺎﻔﺤﻟا وأ ﺬﻴﻔﻨﺕوأ ﺲﻴﺳﺄﺘﻟ ىدﺎﺵرإ ﻞﻴﻟد —
و ﺔﻘﺏﺎﻄﻤﻟا ﻢﻴﻴﻘﺘﻟ ىﺮﺧأ ضاﺮﻏأ ىا وأ ﻰﺕاﺬﻟا (ﺢﻳﺮﺼﺘﻟا) نﻼﻋﻺﻟ
. ﺎﻬﺏ صﺎﺨﻟا ﻰﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادﻹا مﺎﻈﻧ ﻦﻴﺴﺤﺕ وأ ﺬﻴﻔﻨﺕ ﻢﻋد —
: ﻞﺜﻣ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ رﺎﻴﺘﺧﻻا ﺪﻤﺘﻌﻳ فﻮﺳ
ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻠﻜﻟا فاﺪهﻷا- —
ﻢﻴهﺎ�ﻔﻤﻟا ءاﻮ�ﺘﺡإ ﻢﻋﺪﻟ اردﺎﻗ نﻮﻜﻳ ﺚﻴﺤﺏ ﻪﻧﺎﻜﻣ ﻰﻓ ىرادا مﺎﻈﻧ ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﻞه ﻞﺜﻣ) ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻠﻟ ةرادإ ﻢﻈﻨﻟ ﺞﻀﻧ ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ —
.( ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا
ﻰ�ﻓ بﻮ�ﻠﻄﻤﻟا ﻊ�ﺽﻮﻟاو ﻰﻟﺎ�ﺤﻟا ةﺄ�ﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﻊ�ﻗﻮﻣ ﻞ�ﺜﻣ ﻞ�ﻣاﻮﻋ ﺔﻄ�ﺳاﻮﺏ ﺎهﺪﻳﺪﺤﺕ ﻢﺕ ﺎﻤآ ، ﺔﻨﻜﻤﻤﻟا بﻮﻴﻌﻟاو تاﺰﻴﻤﻤﻟا —
و ﺔﻴﻨﻌﻤﻟا فاﺮﻃﻹا ﺮﻈﻧ ﺔﻬﺟوو ﺔﻴﺟرﺎﺨﻟا تﺎﻗﻼﻌﻟاو ﺔﻌﻤﺴﻟاو ، قﻮﺴﻟا
ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﻢﺠﺡ —
، ﺎﻬﺘﻄ�ﺸﻧﺄﺏ ﺔ�ﺻﺎﺨﻟا ةرﺎ�ﻀﻟا ﺔ�ﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا رﺎ�ﺙﻵا ﻰ�ﻓ ﻢﻜﺤﺘ�ﻟا وأ ﺾﻴ�ﻔﺨﺕ وأ ﺐ�ﻨﺠﺘﻟ ةﺄ�ﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﺪﻋﺎ�ﺴﻳ لﺎ�ﻌﻔﻟا ﻰﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادﻹا مﺎﻈﻧ
ﺎ�ﻬﺏ مﺰ�ﺘﻠﺕ ﻰ�ﺘﻟا ى ﺮ�ﺧﻷا تﺎ�ﺒﻠﻄﺘﻤﻟا ﻊﻣو ﺎﻬﻘﻴﺒﻄﺕ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ ﻰﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟا تﺎﺒﻠﻄﺘﻤﻟا ﻊﻣ ﻖﺏﺎﻄﺘﻟا ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺕ ، ﺎﻬﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ، ﺎﻬﺕﺎﺠﺘﻨﻣ
. ﻰﺌﻴﺒﻟا ءادﻸﻟ ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻤﻟا ﻦﻴﺴﺤﺘﻟا ﻰﻓ ﺪﻋﺎﺴﺕو ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟا
نأ ﺔﻴﻨﻌﻤﻟا فاﺮﻃﻸﻟ ﺪآﺄﺕ نأ ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﺪﻋﺎﺴﻳ نأ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺏ ةرادإ مﺎﻈﻧ دﻮﺟو —
، ﺎﻬﺕﺎﻓﺪﻬﺘﺴﻣو ﺎﻬﻓاﺪهأو ﺎﻬﺘﺳﺎﻴﺴﺏ ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟا صﻮﺼﻨﻟا ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺘﻟ ىرادأ ماﺰﺘﻟا ﺪﺟﻮﻳ —
، ﻊﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﻞﺡاﺮﻣ ﻊﺽو ﻢﺕ —
، ﻦﻴﻧاﻮﻘﻠﻟ ﻖﺏﺎﻄﻣو ﺔﻟﻮﻘﻌﻣ ﺔﻳﺎﻨﻋ وذ ﻞﻴﻟد ﻢﻳﺪﻘﺕ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ —
. ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻤﻟا ﻦﻴﺴﺤﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻦﻤﻀﺘﻳ مﺎﻈﻨﻟا ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺕ —
Official translation - ﺔﻴﻤﺳﺮﻟا ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺘﻟا
ﺔﻇﻮﻔﺤﻣ قﻮﻘﺤﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺟ © ISO 14004:2004
vi
(ﺔﻴﻤﺳﺮﻟا ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺘﻟا) ISO 14004:2004وﺰﻳأ
نﻮ�ﻜﻳ ﻰ�ﺌﻴﺏ ةرادإ مﺎ�ﻈﻧ ىرادﻻا ﺎ�ﻬﻣﺎﻈﻧ ﻦﻤ�ﻀﺘﻳ ﻰ�ﺘﻟا ةﺄ�ﺸﻨﻤﻟا . ﻰ�ﺌﻴﺏ ةرادإ مﺎ�ﻈﻧ ﺬ�ﻴﻔﻨﺕ ﻦ�ﻣ ﺔﻳدﺎ�ﺼﺘﻗا ﺪ�ﺉاﻮﻓ ﺐﺴآ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ
ﺢﻴﺽﻮﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﻳدﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻا ﺐﺳﺎﻜﻤﻟا ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺕ ﺎﻀﻳأ ﻦﻜﻤﻳو . ﺔﻳدﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻاو ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا تﺎﻣﺎﻤﺘهﻻا ﻞﻣﺎﻜﺕو ﺔﻟدﺎﻌﻤﻟ ﻞﻤﻋ رﺎﻃإ ﺎهﺪﻨﻋ
فاﺪ��هﻷا ﻂﺏﺮ� ضﺮﻐﻟﺎ��ﻟ ةﺄ��ﺏ�ﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﺔﻳدﺎ��ﺼﺘﻗﻻا ﺐ��ﺳﺎﻜﻤﻟا ﺎ��ﻀﻳأ ﺪ��ﻤﻳو . ةﺄ��ﺸﻨﻤﻠﻟ ىﻮ� ﻰ��ﻗ �ﺌﻴﺏمﺎ��ﻈﻧ ﺔ��ﻤﻴﻗ ﺔ��ﻴﻨﻌﻤﻟا فاﺮ��ﻃﻺﻟ
ﻼ� ﻰ�ﻓ�آ ﺮ�ﺒآﻷا ﺐ�ﺴﻜﻤﻟا ﺮﻓﻮ�ﺕ ﺎ�ﻤﺜﻴﺡ ﺔ�ﺡﺎﺘﻣ ﺎ��ﻬﻠﻌﺠﻟ ردﺎ�ﺼﻤﻟا نأ ﺪ�ﻴآﺄﺘﻟو ﺔ�ﺻﺎﺨﻟا ﺔ�ﻴﻟﺎﻤﻟا ﺞﺉﺎ�ﺘﻨﻟﺎﺏ ﺔ�ﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا تﺎﻓﺪﻬﺘ�ﺴﻤﻟاو
. ﻰﻟﺎﻤﻟاو ﻰﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﻦﻴﻋﻮﺽﻮﻤﻟا
.ﺔﺤﺽاو ﻪﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺕ ﺎﻳاﺰﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺕ نأ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ ﻰﺌﻴﺏ ةرادإ مﺎﻈﻧ ﺬﻔﻨﺕ ﻰﺘﻟا ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟا
: ﻞﻤﺸﺕ لﺎﻌﻓ ﻰﺌﻴﺏ ةرادإ مﺎﻈﻨﺏ ﺔﻄﺒﺕﺮﻤﻟا ﺔﻠﻤﺘﺤﻤﻟا ﺪﺉاﻮﻔﻟ نﺈﻓ ، ﻰﺌﻴﺒﻟا ءادﻷا ﻦﻴﺴﺤﺘﻟ ﻪﻓﺎﺽﻻﺎﺏ
، ﺔﺤﺽﻮﻤﻟا ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادﻹﺎﺏ ماﺰﺘﻟﻻﺎﺏ ءﻼﻤﻌﻠﻟ ﺪﻴآﺄﺘﻟا —
، ةﺪﻴﺟ ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺘﺠﻣ ﻪﻣﺎﻋ تﺎﻗﻼﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ظﺎﻔﺤﻟا —
، لﺎﻤﻟا سأﺮﻟ لﻮﺻﻮﻟا ﻦﻴﺴﺤﺕو رﺎﻤﺜﺘﺳﻻا ﺮﻴﻳﺎﻌﻣ ءﺎﺽرإ —
، ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺔﻔﻠﻜﺘﺏ ﻦﻴﻣﺄﺕ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻮﺼﺤﻟا —
، قﻮﺴﻟا ﻰﻓ ﺔآرﺎﺸﻤﻟا ﺔﺼﺡو ةرﻮﺻ ﺰﻳﺰﻌﺕ —
، ﺔﻔﻠﻜﺘﻟا ﻰﻓ ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟا ﻦﻴﺴﺤﺕ —
، ﺔﻴﻟﻮﻌﻤﻟا ﻰﻓ ﺮﺙﺆﺕ ﻰﺘﻟا ثاﺪﺡﻹا ﻞﻴﻠﻘﺕ —
، ﺔﻗﺎﻄﻟاو تﻼﺧﺪﻤﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ظﺎﻔﺤﻟا —
، ﻢﻬﺕﺎﺒﻠﻄﺘﻣ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺕو تﺎﻀﻳﻮﻔﺘﻟاو تﺎﺡﺎﻤﺴﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ لﻮﺼﺤﻟا ﻞﻴﻬﺴﺕ —
، ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﺔﺏﺎﻴﻧ وأ ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﻞﻤﻌﺕ ﻰﺘﻟا صﺎﺨﺵﻷا ﻊﻴﻤﺟو ، ﻦﻴﻟوﺎﻘﻤﻟا ، ﻦﻳدرﻮﻤﻟا ىﺪﻟ ﻰﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﻰﻋﻮﻟا ﻊﻴﺠﺸﺕ —
و ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺎﻳﺎﻀﻘﻠﻟ لﻮﻠﺤﻟا ﻰﻓ ﺔآرﺎﺸﻤﻟاو ﺮﻳﻮﻄﺘﻟا ﻊﻴﺠﺸﺕ —
. ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼﻟاو ﺔﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟا ﻦﻴﺏ تﺎﻗﻼﻌﻟا ﻦﻴﺴﺤﺕ —
Official translation - ﺔﻴﻤﺳﺮﻟا ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺘﻟا
vii
ﺔﻇﻮﻔﺤﻣ قﻮﻘﺤﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺟ © ISO 14004:2004
(ﺔﻴﻤﺳﺮﻟا ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺘﻟا) ISO 14004:2004 وﺰﻳأ ﺔﻴﻟود ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﻗ ﺔﻔﺻاﻮﻡ
ﺔﻤﻋاﺪﻟا ﻢﻈﻨﻟا تﺎﻴﻨﻘﺕو ،ءىدﺎﺒﻤﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻡﺎﻋ تادﺎﺵرإ – ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادﻹا ﻢﻈﻥ
لﺎﺠﻤﻟا 1
ةرادإ مﺎ�ﻈﻧ ﻦﻴ�ﺏ و ﺎ�ﻬﻨﻴﺏ ﺎ�ﻤﻴﻓ ﻖﻴ�ﺴﻨﺘﻟا و ﺔ�ﻴﺌﻴﺏ ةرادإ ﺔ�ﻣﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﺮﻳﻮ�ﻄﺕ و ﺔﻧﺎﻴ�ﺻ و ﺬ�ﻴﻔﻨﺕ و ﺔﻣﺎﻗﻹ تادﺎﺵرإ ﺔﻔﺻاﻮﻤﻟا ﻩﺬه ﺮﻓﻮﺕ
. يﺮﺧأ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺏ
ﺎﻣﺪ�ﻨﻋ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﻤ�ﻀﺕ ﻦ�ﻜﻤﻳ ﺎ�ﻬﻧأ ّﻻإ ،ﺔ�ﻴﻨﻬﻤﻟا ﺔﺤ�ﺼﻟا و ﺔ ﻣﻼ�ﺴﻟا ﻞﺉﺎ�ﺴﻣ ﺔ�ﻣﻮﻈﻨﻤﻟا ﺮﻳﺪ�ﺕ نأ فﺪﻬﺘﺴﻳ ﻻ يﺬﻟا ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻲﻓ : ﺔﻈﺡﻼﻣ
. ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻟا ﺔﺤﺼﻟا و ﺔﻣﻼﺴﻟا و ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادﻺﻟ ﺔﻠﻣﺎﻜﺘﻣ ﺔﻣﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﺬﻴﻔﻨﺕ ﻲﻟإ ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﻲﻌﺴﺕ
يﻮﺘ�ﺴﻣ وأ ﺎ�ﻬﻌﻗﻮﻣ وأ ﺎ�ﻬﻋﻮﻧ وأ ﺎ�ﻬﻤﺠﺡ ﻦ�ﻋ ﺮ�ﻈﻨﻟا فﺮ�ﺼﺏ ةﺄﺸﻨﻣ ﺔّﻳأ ﻲﻠﻋ ﺔﻔﺻاﻮﻤﻟا ﻩﺬه ﺎﻬﻨﻤﻀﺘﺕ ﻲﺘﻟا تادﺎﺵرﻹا يﺮﺴﺕ و
. ﺎﻬﺠﻀﻧ
ﺮﻓﻮ� نأ�ﺕ ﺪ��ﺼﻘﻳ ﻻ ﺎ��ﻬﻧأ ﻻإ ،14001 وﺰ� ﻲ�� ﻳأﺔ��ﻓ�ﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادﻹا ﺔ��ﻣﻮﻈﻨﻣ جذﻮ� �ﻤﻧﻊ� ﺔﻔ��ﻣ�ﺻاﻮﻤﻟا ﻩﺬ� ﻖ��ه�ﻓاﻮﺘﺕ يﺬ� ﺖ���ﻟا ﻲ�ﻗﻮ ﻟوا�ﻓ
. 14001 وﺰﻳأ ﺔﻔﺻاﻮﻣ تﺎﺒﻠﻄﺘﻤﻟ تاﺮﻴﺴﻔﺕ
ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﻘﻟا ﻊﺟاﺮﻤﻟا 2
(14004:1996 وﺰﻳأ ﻦﻣ ﻖﺏﺎﺴﻟا راﺪﺻﻹا ) ﻊﻣ ﺔﻘﺏﺎﻄﻤﻟا ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻨﺒﻟا اﺬه ءﺎﺟ و ، ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﻗ ﻊﺟاﺮﻣ كﺎﻨه ﺲﻴﻟ
ﻒیرﺎﻌﺘﻟاو تارﺎﺒﻌﻟا 3
: ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟا تﺎﻔﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟا و تارﺎﺒﻌﻟا ﻖﺒﻄﺕ ﺔﻔﺻاﻮﻤﻟا ﻩﺬه ضاﺮﻏﻷ
1.3
ﻊﺟاﺮﻤﻟا
. ﻖﻴﻗﺪﺘﻟا ةﺮﺵﺎﺒﻤﻟ ﻞهﺆﻤﻟا ﺺﺨﺸﻟا ﻮه
[ 9.9.3 ﺪﻨﺒﻟا 9000:2000 وﺰﻳأ ]
2.3
ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻤﻟا ﻦﻴﺴﺤﺘﻟا
ﻖﻓاﻮﺘﻟﺎﺏ (11.3 ﺪﻨﺏ ) ﻲﻠﻜﻟا ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻟا ءادﻷا ﻲﻓ تﺎﻨﻴﺴﺤﺕ ثاﺪﺡإ ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ ( 9.3 ﺪﻨﺏ ) ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادﻹا ﻢﻈﻧ ﺰﻳﺰﻌﺘﻟ ةﺮﺕاﻮﺘﻤﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا
. (20.3 ﺪﻨﺏ) ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻠﻟ (13.3 ﺪﻨﺏ ) ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا ﻊﻣ
. طﺎﺸﻨﻟا تﻻﺎﺠﻣ ﺔﻓﺎآ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻠﻟ ﺔﻨﻣاﺰﺘﻣ ﺔﺟﺎﺡ كﺎﻨه ﺖﺴﻴﻟ : ﺔﻈﺡﻼﻣ
[ 2.3 ﺪﻨﺏ 14001:2004 وﺰﻳأ]
3.3
ﺢﻴﺤﺼﺘﻟا
(18.3 ﺪﻨﺏ ) ﺔﻘﺏﺎﻄﻣ مﺪﻋ ﺔﻟازﻹ ﺬﺨﺘﻤﻟا ءاﺮﺟﻹا
6.6.3 ﺪﻨﺏ 9000:2000 وﺰﻳأ ﺔﻔﺻاﻮﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺴﺒﺘﻘﻣ ﺔﻈﺡﻼﻣ
Official translation - ﺔﻴﻤﺳﺮﻟا ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺘﻟا
ﺔﻇﻮﻔﺤﻣ قﻮﻘﺤﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺟ © ISO 14004:2004
(ﺔﻴﻤﺳﺮﻟا ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺘﻟا) ISO 14004:2004وﺰﻳأ
4.3
ﻲﺤﻴﺤﺼﺕ ءاﺮﺟإ
(18.3 ﺪﻨﺏ ) ﺔﻘﺏﺎﻄﻣ مﺪﻋ بﺎﺒﺳأ ﺔﻟازﻹ ﺬﺨﺘﻤﻟا ءاﺮﺟﻹا
[ 3.3 ﺪﻨﺏ 14001:2004 وﺰﻳأ]
5.3
ﺔﻘﻴﺙو
ﻢﻋاﺪﻟا ﺎﻬﻄﻴﺳو و ﺔﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ
ﺔ�ﻨﻴﻋ وأ ﺔﻴﻓاﺮﻏﻮﺕﻮﻓ ةرﻮﺻ ، ﻲ ﺉﻮﺽ وأ ﻲﻧوﺮﺘﻜﻟإ وأ ﻲﺴﻴﻃﺎﻨﻐﻣ بﻮﺳﺎﺡ صﺮﻗ وأ قرو ﻂﻴﺳﻮﻟا نﻮﻜﻳ نأ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ :1 ﺔﻈﺡﻼﻣ
. مﺪﻘﺕ ﺎﻤﻣ ﺔﻠﻴﻜﺸﺕ وأ ، ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺉر
2.7.3 ﺪﻨﺏ 9000:2000 وﺰﻳأ ﺔﻔﺻاﻮﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺴﺒﺘﻘﻣ :2 ﺔﻈﺡﻼﻣ
[ 4.3 ﺪﻨﺏ 14001:2004 وﺰﻳأ]
6.3
ﺔﺌﻴﺑ
تﺎﻋﻮﻤﺠﻤﻟا و ، ﺔﻴﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟا تﺎﻋﻮﻤﺠﻤﻟا و ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟا دراﻮﻤﻟا و ضرﻷا و ءﺎﻤﻟا و ءاﻮﻬﻟا ﻼﻣﺎﺵ ، ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﺏ ﻞﻤﻌﺕ يﺬﻟا ﻂﻴﺤﻤﻟا
. ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺒﻟا ﺎﻬﺕﺎﻗﻼﻋ و ﺮﺸﺒﻟا و ﺔﻴﻧاﻮﻴﺤﻟا
. ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻜﻟا ﺔﻣﻮﻈﻨﻤﻟا ﻲﻟإ (20.3) ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﻞﺧاد ﻦﻣ يﻮﺘﺤﻴﻟ دﺪﺼﻟا اﺬه ﻲﻓ ﻂﻴﺤﻤﻟا ﺪﺘﻤﻳ : ﺔﻈﺡﻼﻣ
[ 5.3 ﺪﻨﺏ 14001:2004 وﺰﻳأ]
7.3
ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺮّﺙﺆﻤﻟا
(6.3 ﺪﻨﺏ) ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺎﺏ ﺮّﺙﺄﺘﻳ وأ ﺮﺙﺆﻳ نأ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟا تﺎﻣﺪﺧ وأ تﺎﺠﺘﻨﻣ وأ ﺔﻄﺸﻧأ ﻦﻣ ﺮﺼﻨﻋ
(8.3 ﺪﻨﺏ ) ﺎﺳﻮﻤﻠﻣ ﺎﻴﺌﻴﺏ اﺮﺙأ ﻪﻟ نﻮﻜﻳ نأ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ وأ ﻦّﻴﺒﻟا ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺮﺙﺆﻤﻠﻟ نﻮﻜﻳ : ﺔﻈﺡﻼﻣ
[ 6.3 ﺪﻨﺏ 14001:2004 وﺰﻳأ]
8.3
ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺮﺙﻷا
. ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا (20.3) ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟا (7.3) تاﺮﺙﺆﻡ ﻦﻋ ﺪّﻟﻮﺘﻳ ،ﺎﻴﺉﺰﺟ وأ ﺎﻴﻠآ ، اﺪﻴﻔﻣ نﺎآ وأ ﺎﺴآﺎﻌﻣ نﺎآ ءاﻮﺳ (6.3) ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺮﻴﻐﺕ يأ
[ 7.3 ﺪﻨﺏ 14001:2004 وﺰﻳأ]
9.3
ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادﻹا ﺔﻡﻮﻈﻨﻡ
. (7.3) ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺎﻬﺕاﺮﺙﺆﻣ ﺮﻳﺪﺕ و (13.3 ) ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺎﻬﺘﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺬﻴﻔﻨﺕ و ﺮﻳﻮﻄﺘﻟ مﺪﺨﺘﺴﺕ (20.3 ) ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻠﻟ ةرادﻹا ﺔﻣﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﻣ ءﺰﺟ
ضاﺮﻏﻷا ﻚﻠﺕ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺕ و ضاﺮﻏﻷا و ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا ﺔﻏﺎﻴﺼﻟ مﺪﺨﺘﺴﺕ ﺔﻄﺏاﺮﺘﻤﻟا ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻌﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻣﺰﺡ ﻲه ةرادﻹا ﺔﻣﻮﻈﻨﻣ :1 ﺔﻈﺡﻼﻣ
و ( 23.3 ) قﺮ�� و ﻄﻟاتاﺮ��ﺒﺨﻟا و تﺎﻴﻟﻮﺌ�� وﺴﻤﻟا ﻂﻴ��ﻄﺨﺘﻟا ﺔﻄ�� و ﺸﻧأﺔ��ﻴﻤﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا ﺔ��ﻴﻨﺒﻟا ةرادﻹا ﺔ��ﻣﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﻤ��ﻀﺘﺕ : 2 ﺔ��ﻈﺡﻼﻣ
. دراﻮﻤﻟا و تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا
[ 8.3 ﺪﻨﺏ 14001:2004 وﺰﻳأ]
10.3
ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻟا ضﺮﻐﻟا
. ﻪﻏﻮﻠﺏ ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ (20.3) ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﺎﻬﻌﻀﺕ ﻲﺘﻟا (13.3 ) ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا ﻊﻣ ﻖﻓاﻮﺘﻤﻟا ، ﻲﻠﻜﻟا ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻟا فﺪﻬﻟا
[ 9.3 ﺪﻨﺏ 14001:2004 وﺰﻳأ]
Official translation - ﺔﻴﻤﺳﺮﻟا ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺘﻟا
ﺔﻇﻮﻔﺤﻣ قﻮﻘﺤﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺟ © ISO 14004:2004
(ﺔﻴﻤﺳﺮﻟا ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺘﻟا) ISO 14004:2004وﺰﻳأ
11.3
ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻟا ءادﻷا
(7.3) ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺎﻬﺕاﺮﺙﺆﻤﻟ (20.3) ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟا ةرادﻹ سﺎﻴﻘﻠﻟ ﺔﻠﺏﺎﻘﻟا ﺞﺉﺎﺘﻨﻟا
و (20.3) ةﺄ�ﺸﻨﻤﻠﻟ (13.3) ﺔ�ﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺔ�ﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا ﻲ�ﻟإ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻟﺎﺏ ﺞﺉﺎﺘﻨﻟا سﺎﻴﻗ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ (9.3) ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادﻹا مﺎﻈﻧ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻲﻓ : ﺔﻈﺡﻼﻣ
. ىﺮﺧﻷا ﻰﺌﻴﺒﻟا ءادﻷا تﺎﺒﻠﻄﺘﻣ و (14.3) ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا فاﺪهﻸﻟ و (10.3) ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ضاﺮﻏﻸﻟ
[ 10.3 ﺪﻨﺏ 14001:2004 وﺰﻳأ]
12.3
EPI ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻟا ءادﻷا ﺮﺵﺆﻡ
(20.3) ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻠﻟ (11.3) ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻟا ءادﻷا ﻦﻋ تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﺮﻓﻮﻳ ﻦّﻴﻌﻣ ﺮﻴﺒﻌﺕ
[ 10.3 ﺪﻨﺏ 14030:1999 وﺰﻳأ]
13.3
ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا
. ﺎﻴﻠﻌﻟا ةرادﻹا ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﺖﺏﺮﻋأ ﺎﻤﻟ ﺎﻘﺒﻃ (11.3) ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺎﻬﺉادﺄﺑ ﺔﻠﺼﻟا تاذ (20.3) ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﻬﺟﻮﺘﻟا و ﺎﻳاﻮﻨﻟا
(14.3) ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا فاﺪهﻷا و (10.3) ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ضاﺮﻏﻷا ﺔﻏﺎﻴﺼﻟ و ءادﻸﻟ ارﺎﻃإ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا ﺮﻓﻮﺕ ﺔﻈﺡﻼﻣ
[ 11.3 ﺪﻨﺏ 14001:2004 وﺰﻳأ]
14.3
ﻰﺌﻴﺒﻟا فﺪﻬﺘﺴﻤﻟا
(10.3) ﺔ���ﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ضاﺮ���ﻏﻷا ﻦ� ��ﻣﺄ���ﺸﻨﺕ ﻰ���ﺘﻟاو ،فاﺮ���ﻃﻷا وأ (20.3) ةﺄ���ﺸﻨﻤﻟﺎﺑ ﻖ���ﻴﺒﻄﺘﻠﻟ ﻞ���ﺏﺎﻘﻟا ، ﻰﻠﻴ���ﺼﻔﺘﻟا ءادﻷا ﺐ���ﻠﻄﺘﻳ
.ضاﺮﻏﻻا ﻩﺬه ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺕ ﻞﺏﺎﻘﺕو ةدﻮﺟﻮﻣ نﻮﻜﺕ نأ بﻮﻠﻄﻤﻟاو
[ 12.3 ﺪﻨﺏ 14001:2004 وﺰﻳأ]
15.3
ﻲﻨﻌﻤﻟا فﺮﻄﻟا
(20.3) ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟ (11.3) ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻟا ءادﻷﺎﺑ ﺮّﺙﺄﺘﻤﻟا وأ ﻲﻨﻌﻤﻟا ﻖﻳﺮﻔﻟا وأ ﺺﺨﺸﻟا
[ 13.3 ﺪﻨﺏ 14001:2004 وﺰﻳأ]
16.3
ﻰﻠﺧاﺪﻟا ﻖﻴﻗﺪﺘﻟا
ﺔ�ﻣﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻖﻴﻗﺪ�ﺘﻟ تاﺮ�ﺵﺆﻣ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺕ يﺪﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﺤﺘﻟ ﺎﻴﻋﻮﺽﻮﻣ ﺎﻬﻤﻴﻴﻘﺕ و ﺔﻴﻌﺟﺮﻣ ﺔّﻟدأ ﻲﻟإ ﻞﺻﻮﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﻘّﺙﻮﻣ و ةﺪﻳﺎﺤﻣ و ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﻣ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ
(20.3) ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﺎﻬﺘﻌﺽو ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادﻹا
ﻦ�ﻋ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﺌ�ﺴﻤﻟا ﻦ�ﻣ رﺮﺤﺘﻟﺎ�ﺏ ةﺪ�ﻴﺤﻟا ﺮ�ﺵﺎﺒﺕ ﺮﻐ�ﺻﻷا تﺎﺌ�ﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﻲ�ﻓ صﻮ�ﺼﺨﻟا ﻪ�ﺟو ﻲ�ﻠﻋ و تﻻﺎ�ﺤﻟا ﻦ�ﻣ ﺮ�ﻴﺜآ ﻲ�ﻓ :ﺔﻈﺡﻼﻣ
. ﺔﻌﺟاﺮﻤﻠﻟ ﻊﺽﺎﺨﻟا طﺎﺸﻨﻟا
[ 14.3 ﺪﻨﺏ 14001:2004 وﺰﻳأ]
17.3
MPI يرادﻹا ءادﻷا ﺮﺵﺆﻡ
. (20.3) ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻠﻟ (11.3) ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻟا ءادﻷا ﻲﻠﻋ ﺮﻴﺙﺄﺘﻠﻟ ةرادﻹا دﻮﻬﺟ لﻮﺡ تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﺮﻓﻮﻳ يﺬﻟا (12.3) يرادﻹا ءادﻷا ﺮﺵﺆﻣ
[ 1.10.2 ﺪﻨﺏ 14030:1999 وﺰﻳأ]
Official translation - ﺔﻴﻤﺳﺮﻟا ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺘﻟا
ﺔﻇﻮﻔﺤﻣ قﻮﻘﺤﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺟ © ISO 14004:2004
(ﺔﻴﻤﺳﺮﻟا ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺘﻟا) ISO 14004:2004وﺰﻳأ
18.3
ﻖﺑﺎﻄﺘﻟا مﺪﻋ
. ﺐﻠﻄﺘﻣ ﺔﻔﻟﺎﺨﻣ
[ 2.6.3 ﺪﻨﺏ 9000:2000 وﺰﻳأ]
19.3
OPI ﻲﻠﻴﻐﺸﺕ ءادأ ﺮﺵﺆﻡ
.(20.3 ) ةﺄﺸﻨﻡ تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟ (11.3) ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻟا ءادﻷا لﻮﺡ تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﺮﻓﻮﻳ (12.3 ) ﻲﻠﻴﻐﺸﺕ ءادأ ﺮﺵﺆﻡ
[2.10.2 ﺪﻨﺏ 14031:1999 وﺰﻳأ]
20.3
ةﺄﺸﻨﻡ
و ، صﺎ�ﺧ وأ مﺎ�ﻋ عﺎ�ﻄﻗ ، ﻻ مأ ةﺪ�ﺤﺘﻣ ﺖﻧﺎآ ءاﻮﺳ ، ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺔﻠﻴﻜﺸﺕ وأ ءﺰﺟ وأ ، ﺪﻬﻌﻣ وأ ﺔﺌﻴه وأ ﻊﻨﺼﻣ وأ ، ﺔﺴﺳﺆﻣ وأ ﺔآﺮﺵ
. ﺔﻴﺕاﺬﻟا ﺎﻬﺕرادإ و ﺎﻬﻣﺎﻬﻣ ﺎﻬﻟ نﻮﻜﺕ
. ةﺄﺸﻨﻣ ﺎﻬﻧأ ﻲﻠﻋ ةﺪﺡو ﻞآ فّﺮﻌﺕ ، ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺕ ةﺪﺡو ﻦﻣ ﺮﺜآأ ﻦﻤﻀﺘﺕ ﻲﺘﻟا تﺎﺌﺸﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻟﺎﺏ : ﺔﻈﺡﻼﻣ
[ 16.3 ﺪﻨﺏ 14001:2004 وﺰﻳأ]
21.3
ﻲﺉﺎﻗﻮﻟا ءاﺮﺟﻹا
.(18.3)ﻞﻤﺘﺤﻡ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﺕ دﺪﻋ ﺐﺒﺳ ﺔﻟازﻹ ءاﺮﺟإ
[ 17.3 ﺪﻨﺏ 14001:2004 وﺰﻳأ]
22.3
ثﻮﻠﺘﻟا ﻊﻨﻡ
وأ ﺐ�ﺠﺘﻟ�ﻨ ، ( ﺔ��ﻌّ وأﻤﺠﻣ ةدﺮ��ﻔﻨﻣ ) ﺔ��ﻗﺎﻄﻟا وأ تﺎﻣﺪ�� وأﺨﻟا تﺎ��ﺠﺘﻨﻤﻟا وأ داﻮ��ﻤﻟا وأ تﺎ��ﻴﻨﻘﺘﻟا وأ تاﺮ��ﺒﺨﻟا وأ تﺎ�� ﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟاماﺪﺨﺘ��ﺳإ
ﺔ�ﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا رﺎ�ﺙﻵا ﻦ�ﻣ لﻼ�ﻗﻹا ﻞ�ﺟأ ﻦ�ﻣ تﺎ�ﻔﻠﺨﻤﻟا وأ تﺎ�ﺙﻮﻠﻤﻟا ﻦ�ﻣ عﻮﻧ يأ ﻒﻳﺮﺼﺕ وأ ثﺎﻌﺒﻧا وأ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺕ ﻲﻓ ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻠﻟ وأ ﻦﻣ لﻼﻗﻺﻟ
.ةرﺎﻀﻟا (8.3)
و ، ﺔ��ﻣﺪﺨﻟا وأ ﺞﺘ�� ﻲ�ﻨﻤﻟا �ﻓتاﺮ��ﻴﻐﺘﻟا وأ ، ﺔ��ﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا ﻊ� �ﻨﻣوأ رﺪ�� ﺼﻤﻟاﻦ� ﺪ��ﻣ�ﺤﻟا ثﻮ��ﻠﺘﻟا ﻊ� �ﻨﻣﻦﻤ��ﻀﺘﻳ نأ ﻦ��ﻜﻤﻳ : ﺔ��ﻈﺡﻼﻣ
و ، ﺮﻳوﺪ�ﺘﻟا ةدﺎ�ﻋإ و ، دادﺮﺘ�ﺳﻻا و ، ماﺪﺨﺘﺳﻻا ةدﺎﻋإ و ، عﺎﺟﺮﺘﺳﻻا و ، ﺔﻗﺎﻄﻟا و داﻮﻤﻟا ﻞﺉاﺪﺏ و ، دراﻮﻤﻠﻟ ء ﻒﻜﻟا ماﺪﺨﺘﺳﻻا
. ﺔﺠﻟﺎﻌﻤﻟا
[ 18.3 ﺪﻨﺏ 14001:2004 وﺰﻳأ]
23.3
ءاﺮﺟﻹا
. ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ وأ طﺎﺸﻧ ﺬﻴﻔﻨﺘﻟ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤﻟا ﺔﻠﻴﺳﻮﻟاا
. ﺔﻘﺙﻮﻣ ﺮﻴﻏ وأ ﺔﻘﺙﻮﻣ قﺮﻄﻟا نﻮﻜﺕ نأ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ :1 ﺔﻈﺡﻼﻣ
5.4.3 ﺪﻨﺏ 2000 : 9000 وﺰﻳأ ﺔﻔﺻاﻮﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺴﺒﺘﻘﻣ :2 ﺔﻈﺡﻼﻣ
[ 19.3 ﺪﻨﺏ 14001:2004 وﺰﻳأ]
24.3
ﻞﺠﺴﻟا
. ةادﺆﻤﻟا ﺔﻄﺸﻧﻷا ﻲﻠﻋ ﺔﻟﻻﺪﻟا مﺪﻘﺕ وأ ﺔﻘﻘﺤﻤﻟا ﺞﺉﺎﺘﻨﻟا ﻦﻤﻀﺘﺕ (5.3) ﺔﻘﻴﺙو
6.7.3 ﺪﻨﺏ 2000 : 9000 وﺰﻳأ ﺔﻔﺻاﻮﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺴﺒﺘﻘﻣ ﺔﻈﺡﻼﻣ
[ 20.3 ﺪﻨﺏ 14001:2004 وﺰﻳأ]
Official translation - ﺔﻴﻤﺳﺮﻟا ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺘﻟا
ﺔﻇﻮﻔﺤﻣ قﻮﻘﺤﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺟ © ISO 14004:2004
(ﺔﻴﻤﺳﺮﻟا ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺘﻟا) ISO 14004:2004وﺰﻳأ
ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادﻹا ﺔﻡﻮﻈﻨﻡ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ 4
مﺎﻋ 1.4
ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادﻹا ﺔﻡﻮﻈﻨﻡ جذﻮﻤﻥ 1.1.4
. (ﺬّﻔﻧ -ﺺﺤﻓأ -ﻞﻌﻓأ -ﻂﻴﻄﺧ) (PDCA) ةرادﻹا جذﻮﻤﻧ ﺔﻴﻟوﺪﻟا ﺔﻔﺻاﻮﻤﻟا ﻩﺬه ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠّﺼﻔﻤﻟا ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادﻹا ﺔﻣﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻊﺒﺘﺕ
تﺎ�ﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻟا ﻦ�ﻣ ﺪ�ﻳﺰﻤﻠﻟو ﺮﻤﺘ�ﺴﻤﻟا ﻦﻴ�ﺴﺤﺘﻠﻟ تﺎ�ﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟاو ﺔﻔﺻاﻮﻤﻟا ﻩﺬﻬﻟ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادﻹا ﺔﻣﻮﻈﻨﻣ جذﻮﻤﻧ 1 ﻢﻗر ﻞﻜﺸﻟا ضﺮﻌﻳ و
.ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادﻹا مﺎﻈﻧ جذﻮﻤﻧ – ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا ﺔﻧوﺎﻌﻤﻟا ﺮﻈﻧأ (PDCA) جذﻮﻤﻨﻟا ﻦﻋ
ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻡ ﻦﻴﺴﺤﺕ
ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا
ةرادﻹا ﺔﻌﺟاﺮﻡ
ﻂﻴﻄﺨﺘﻟا
ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺘﻟاو ﺬﻴﻔﻨﺘﻟا
ﺺﺤﻔﻟا
ﺔﻴﻟوﺪﻟا ﺔﻔﺻاﻮﻤﻟا ﻩﺬﻬﻟ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادﻹا ﺔﻡﻮﻈﻨﻡ جذﻮﻤﻥ – 1 ﻢﻗر ﻞﻜﺵ
ﻪ�ﻴﺟﻮﺕ ﻲ�ﻠﻋ لﻮ�ﺼﺤﻠﻟ ﺎ�ﻳرود ﻊ�ﺟاﺮﻳ و راﺮﻤﺘ�ﺳﺎﺏ ﻪ�ﺘﺒﻗاﺮ ﻣ ﻢﺘ�ﻳ ﻲﻤﻴﻈﻨﺕ ﻞﻜﻴﻬآ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادﻹا ﺔﻣﻮﻈﻨﻣ ضﺮﻋ ﻞﻀﻓﻷا ﻦﻣ
ﻞ�ﻤﻌﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﺌ�ﺴﻤﻟا ﻢﻴ�ﻈﻨﺘﻟا تﺎﻳﻮﺘ�ﺴﻣ ﻞآ ﻞﺒﻘﺕ نأ ﻦﻴﻌﺘﻳ و . ﺔﻴﺟرﺎﺧ و ﺔﻴﻠﺧاد ةﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻲﺒﻠﺕ ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺏ ةرادﻹ لﺎّﻌﻓ
. ﺔﺟﺎﺤﻠﻟ ﺎﻌﺒﺕ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺏ تﺎﻨﻴﺴﺤﺕ غﻮﻠﺏ ﻲﻠﻋ
ﻞﻴﺒ�ﺳ ﻲ�ﻠﻋ ، ﺔ�ّﻴﻠﺟ ﻊﻓﺎ�ﻨﻣ وﺪ�ﺒﺕ ﺚ�ﻴﺡ ﻦ�ﻣ ةﺄ�ﺸﻨﻤﻟا أﺪ�ﺒﺕ ن أ ﻦﻴ�ﻌﺘﻳ ، ةﺮﻣ لوﻷ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺏ ةرادإ ﺔﻣﻮﻈﻨﻣ ءﺎﺳرإ ﻲﻓ عوﺮﺸﻟا ﺪﻨﻋو
.ﺔﻳﺮهﻮﺟ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺏ ﺐﻧاﻮﺠﻟ سﺎﺳﻷا ﻲﻓ ﺔﺏﻮﺴﻨﻣ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻈﻨﺕ تﺎﻘﻓاﻮﺕ وأ ، ﻒﻴﻟﺎﻜﺘﻟا ﻲﻓ ةﺮﺵﺎﺒﻣ تارﻮﻓو ﻲﻠﻋ ﺰﻴآﺮﺘﻟﺎﺏ لﺎﺜﻤﻟا
ﺪ�ﻳﺰﻤﻠﻟ ﺎ�ﻬﺘﻧﺎﻜﻣ لﻼﺘ�ﺡا ﻲ�ﻓ تﺎ�ﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻨﻜﺘﻟا و ﺞﻣاﺮﺒﻟا و قﺮﻄﻟا ﻪﺠﺘﺕ ، ﻞّﻜﺸﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادﻹا ﺔﻣﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﺄﻴﻬﺘﺕ ﺎﻣ رﺪﻗ ﻲﻠﻋ و
. طﺎﺸﻨﻟا تاراﺮﻗ ﻞآ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا تارﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻا ﻞﻣﺎﻜﺘﺕ نأ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ ، ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟ ةرادﻹا مﺎﻈﻧ ﺞﻀﻧ ﻊﻣ و . ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻟا ءادﻷا ﻦﻴﺴﺤﺕ ﻦﻣ
Official translation - ﺔﻴﻤﺳﺮﻟا ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺘﻟا
ﺔﻇﻮﻔﺤﻣ قﻮﻘﺤﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺟ © ISO 14004:2004
(ﺔﻴﻤﺳﺮﻟا ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺘﻟا) ISO 14004:2004وﺰﻳأ
ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادﻹا ﺔﻡﻮﻈﻨﻡ جذﻮﻤﻥ – ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺔﻥوﺎﻌﻡ
ﻲ�ﻠﻋ ةﺪ�ﻤﺘﻌﻣ(2.4 ﺮ�ﻈﻧأ) ﺔ�ﻴ ﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺎﻬﺘ�ﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺔﻧﺎﻴ�ﺻ و ﺬ�ﻴﻔﻨﺕ و ﺔ�ﻣﺎﻗإ ﻦ�ﻣ ةﺄ�ﺸﻨﻣ ﻦّﻜﻤﺕ ةرﺮﻜﺘﻣ و ﺔﻠﺻاﻮﺘﻣ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ (PDCA)
ﺔﺒ�ﺴﻨﻟﺎﺏ ﻦهاﺮ�ﻟا ﺎ�ﻬﻔﻗﻮﻣ ﻢﻴ�ﻴﻘﺕ ةﺄ�ﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﻢﺘ�ﺕ نأ ﺪ�ﻌﺏ و . (2.1.4 ﺮ�ﻈﻧأ ) ﺔ�ﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادﻹا ﺔ�ﻣﻮﻈﻨﻤﺏ ﺎ�ﻴﻠﻌﻟا ةرادﻹا ماﺰ�ﺘﻟا و ةدﺎﻴﻗ
: ﻲﻟﺎﺘﻟا ﻪﺟﻮﻟا ﻲﻠﻋ ﺔﻳرﺎﺴﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻠﻟ تاﻮﻄﺨﻟا نﻮﻜﺕ ( 4.1.4 ﺮﻈﻧأ ) ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻠﻟ
: ﻲﻜﻟ ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﻦﻜﻤﺕ (3.4ﺮﻈﻧأ) ﺔﻠﺻاﻮﺘﻣ ﻂﻴﻄﺨﺕ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻢﻗأ : (Plan) ﻂﻄﺧ .أ
(1.3.4ﺮﻈﻧأ) ﺔﺒﺡﺎﺼﻤﻟا ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا رﺎﺙﻵا و ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺐﻧاﻮﺠﻟا دﺪﺤﺕ (1
ﻲﻠﺧاﺪﻟا ءادﻷا ﺺﺉﺎﺼﺧ ءﺎﺳرإ و ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﺎﻬﻴﻓ كرﺎﺸﺕ ﻲﺘﻟا ىﺮﺧﻷا تﺎﺒﻠﻄﺘﻤﻟا و ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟا تﺎﺒﻠﻄﺘﻤﻟا ﺐﻗاﺮﺕ و دﺪﺤﺕ (2
ﺎﻤﺉﻼﻣ ﻚﻟذ نﺎآ ﺎﻤﻠآ
(2.3.3.4 و 1.3.3.4 ﺮﻈﻧأ ) ﺎﻬﻏﻮﻠﺒﻟ ( ﺞﻣاﺮﺒﻟا ) ﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺒﻟا ﺔﻏﺎﻴﺻ و ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا فاﺪهﻷا و ضاﺮﻏﻷا ﺪﻳﺪﺤﺕ (3
(3.3.3.4 ﺮﻈﻧأ ) ءادﻷا تاﺮﺵﺆﻣ ماﺪﺨﺘﺳا و ﻊﺽو (4
(4.4 ﺮﻈﻧأ ) ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادﻹا ﺔﻣﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻞّﻐﺵ و ﺬﻔﻧ : (Do) ﺬﻔﻥ .ب
. ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻜﻟا تﺎﻄﻠﺴﻟﺎﺏ تﺎﻴﻟﻮﺌﺴﻤﻟا و راودﻷا عّزو و ، ﺔﻳرادإ ﻞآﺎﻴه ﺊﺸﻧأ (1
. ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻜﻟا دراﻮﻤﻟا ﺮّﻓو (2
(2.4.4 ﺮﻈﻧأ ) ﻢﻬﺕراﺪﺟ و ﻢﻬﻴﻋو ﻦﻣ ﺪآﺄﺕ و ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﺔﺏﺎﻴﻨﻟﺎﺏ وأ ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﻦﻴﻠﻣﺎﻌﻟا داﺮﻓﻷا بّرد (3
(3.4.4 ﺮﻈﻧأ ) ﺔﻴﺟرﺎﺨﻟا و ﺔﻴﻠﺧاﺪﻟا تﻻﺎﺼﺕﻼﻟ تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻢﻗأ (4
( 4.4.4 ﺮﻈﻧأ ) . ﻖﻴﺙﻮﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﻠﻣﺎﻜﺘﻣ ﺔﻣﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﺻ و ﻢﻗأ (5
( 5.4.4 ﺮﻈﻧأ ). ﻖﻴﺙﻮﺘﻠﻟ ( تﺎﺒﻗاﺮﻣ ) ﺔﺒﻗاﺮﻣ ﺬّﻔﻧ و ﻢﻗأ (6
(6.4.4 ﺮﻈﻧأ ) ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺘﻟا ﻲﻠﻋ ( تﺎﺒﻗاﺮﻣ ) ﺔﺏﺎﻗر ﻦﺻ و ﻢﻗأ (7
( 5.4 ﺮﻈﻧأ ) ﺔﺏﺎﺠﺘﺳﻻا ﺔﻋﺮﺳ و ﺮﻃﺎﺨﻤﻟا ﻲﻗﻮﺕ ﻦﻣ ﺪآﺄﺕ (8
(5.4 ﺮﻈﻧأ ) ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادﻹا ﺔﻣﻮﻈﻨﻣ تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻢّﻴﻗ :(Check) ﺺﺤﻓإ .ج
(1.5.4 ﺮﻈﻧأ ) ﻦﻳﺮﻤﺘﺴﻣ سﺎﻴﻗ و ﺔﺏﺎﻗر ﺮﺵﺎﺏ (1
(2.5.4 ﺮﻈﻧأ ) ﺔﻘﺏﺎﻄﻤﻟا ﻊﺽو ﻢّﻴﻗ (2
(3.5.4 ﺮﻈﻧأ) ﺔﻴﺉﺎﻗو و ﺔﻴﺤﻴﺤﺼﺕ تاءاﺮﺟإ ﺬﺨﺕا و ﺔﻘﺏﺎﻄﻤﻟا مﺪﻋ ﻦّﻴﺒﺕ (3
( 4.5.4 ﺮﻈﻧأ ) تﻼﺠﺴﻟا ﻂﺒﺽا (4
( 5.5.4 ﺮﻈﻧأ ) ﺔﻳرود ﺔﻴﻠﺧاد تﺎﻌﺟاﺮﻣ ﺮﺵﺎﺏ (5
(6.4 ﺮﻈﻧأ ) ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادﻹا ﺔﻣﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﻴﺴﺤﺘﻟ فّﺮﺼﺕ و ﻊﺟار : (Act ) ﺬﻔﻥ .د
(1.6.4 ﺮﻈﻧأ ) ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ تاﺮﺘﻓ ﻲﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادﻹا ﺔﻣﻮﻈﻨﻤﻟ ﺔﻳرادإ تﺎﻌﺟاﺮﻣ ﺮﺵﺎﺏ (1
( 2.6.4 ﺮﻈﻧأ ) ﻦﻴﺴﺤﺘﻠﻟ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ دﺪﺡ (2
. ﻲﻠﻜﻟا ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺎهءادأ و ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺎﻬﺕرادإ ﺔﻣﻮﻈﻨﻤﻟ ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻤﻟا ﻦﻴﺴﺤﺘﻟا ﻲﻠﻋ ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟا ةﺮﻤﺘﺴﻤﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا ﻩﺬه ﻦﻜﻤﺕ
ﺎﻬﺕدﺎﻴﻗ و ﺎﻴﻠﻌﻟا ةرادﻹا ماﺰﺘﻟا 2.1.4
ةرادﻹا ﻦﻣ ماﺰﺘﻟا ﻲﻠﻋ لﻮﺼﺤﻟﺎﺏ ، ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادﻹا ﺔﻣﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﺮﻳﻮﻄﺕ وأ ﺔﻣﺎﻗإ ﺪﻨﻋ ةﺮﻜﺒﻣ ةﻮﻄﺧ ﺬﺧأ ﻲﻐﺒﻨﻳ ، حﺎﺠﻨﻟا نﺎﻤﻀﻟ
ﺎ�ﻴﻠﻌﻟا ةرادﻹا ةدﺎ�ﻴﻗ و ﺮﻤﺘ�ﺴﻤﻟا ماﺰ�ﺘﻟﻻا ﺮ�ﺒﺘﻌﻳ و . ﺎﻬﺕﺎﻣﺪ�ﺧ و ﺎ�ﻬﺕﺎﺠﺘﻨﻣ و ﺎﻬﺘﻄ�ﺸﻧﻷ ﺔ�ﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادﻹا ﻦﻴ�ﺴﺤﺘﺏ ،ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﺎﻴﻠﻌﻟا
و ﺔ�ﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادﻹا ﺔﻣﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﺎﻬﺒﻠﺠﺕ نأ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺎﻳاﺰﻤﻠﻟ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺒﺕ ، ﺎﻬﺕدﺎﻴﻗ و ﺎﻴﻠﻌﻟا ةرادﻹا ماﺰﺘﻟا ﻦﻣﺆﻳ نأ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ و . ﺎﻤﺳﺎﺡ اﺮﻣأ
. ﺔﻣﻮﻈﻨﻤﻟا ﻚﻠﺕ ﺎﻬﺒﻨﺠﺘﺕ نأ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ ﻲﺘﻟا تﺎﻳﺪﺤﺘﻟا
Official translation - ﺔﻴﻤﺳﺮﻟا ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺘﻟا
ﺔﻇﻮﻔﺤﻣ قﻮﻘﺤﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺟ © ISO 14004:2004
(ﺔﻴﻤﺳﺮﻟا ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺘﻟا) ISO 14004:2004وﺰﻳأ
ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادﻹا ﺔﻡﻮﻈﻨﻡ لﺎﺠﻡ 3.1.4
ةﺄ�ﺸﻨﻤﻟا دوﺪ�ﺡ د ﺪ�ﺤﺕ نأ ﺎ�ﻴﻠﻌﻟا ةرادﻹا ﻲ�ﻠﻋ ﻲ�ﻐﺒﻨﻳ ﻪ�ﻧأ ﻲ�ﻨﻌﻤﺏ . ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادﻹا ﺔﻣﻮﻈﻨﻣ لﺎﺠﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﺤﺕ ﻲﻟإ ةرادﻹا جﺎﺘﺤﺕ
و ﺔﻄ��ﺸﻧﻷا ﻞ� ﻦﻴﻤ��آ �ﻀﺕ ﻢﺘ� ﺔ��ﻳ�ﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺔ��ﻣﻮﻈﻨﻤﻟا لﺎ��ﺠﻣ ﺪ��ﻳﺪﺤﺕ دﺮ��ﺠﻤﺏ و . ﺔ��ﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادﻹا ﺔ��ﻣﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﺎ��ﻬﻴﻠﻋ يﺮ��ﺴﺕ نأ ﻦﻴ�� ﻲ�ﻌﺘﻳ�ﺘﻟا
. ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادﻹا ﺔﻣﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻲﻓ دﺪﺤﻤﻟا لﺎﺠﻤﻟا رﺎﻃإ ﻞﺧاد ﻊﻘﺕ ﻲﺘﻟا تﺎﻣﺪﺨﻟا و تﺎﺠﺘﻨﻤﻟا
ﺔﻴﻟوﻷا ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺔﻌﺟاﺮﻤﻟا 4.1.4
و . ﺔ�ﻌﺟاﺮﻣ ءاﺮﺟﺈ�ﺏ ﺎ�ﻴﺌﻴﺏ ﺔﻳرﺎ�ﺴﻟا ﺎﻬﻋﺎ�ﺽوأ ﻢﻴﻴﻘﺕ ﻲﻓ أﺪﺒﺕ نأ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺏ ةرادإ ﺔﻣﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﺎﻬآﻼﺘﻣا ﻲﻟإ ﺮﻘﺘﻔﺕ ﻲﺘﻟ ا ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﻲﻠﻋ ﻦﻴﻌﺘﻳ
ﺎ�ﻬﺕرادإ ﺔ�ﻣﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﺔ�ﻣﺎﻗﻹ سﺎ�ﺳﺄآ ﺎﻬﺕﺎﻣﺪ�ﺧ و ﺎ�ﻬﺕﺎﺠﺘﻨﻣ و ، ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﺔﻄﺸﻧﻷ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺐﻧاﻮﺠﻟا ﺪﺻر ﻮه ﺔﻌﺟاﺮﻤﻟا ﻩﺬه ﻦﻣ فﺪﻬﻟا
. ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا
نأ ﻦ��ﻜﻤﻳ ﺔ��ﻌﺟاﺮﻤﻟا ﻩﺬ� نأ� ﻦ�ه ﻢﻏﺮ��ﻣ ﻲ��ﻟا �ﻠﻋ، ﺔ��ﻌﺟاﺮﻤﻟا ﻚ� ﻞ��ﻠﺕ�ﺜﻤﻟ ﺔ��ﻴﺌﻴﺏ ةرادإ ﺔ� ﻮﻈﻨﻣ�ﻣ ﻚ��ﻠﺘﻤﺕ ﻲ� �ﺘﻟاتﺎﺌ��ﺸﻨﻤﻟا جﺎ�� ﻦ�ﺘﺤﺕ و�ﻟ
. ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺎﻬﺕرادإ ﺔﻣﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﻴﺴﺤﺕ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻧوﺎﻌﺕ
: ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟا ﺔﻤآﺎﺤﻟا ﻊﺏرﻷا تﺎﺡﺎﺴﻤﻟا ﺔﻌﺟاﺮﻤﻟا ﻲﻄﻐﺕ نأ ﻦﻴﻌﺘﻳ و
ءﺪ� ﺔﻠﻣﺎ��ﺏ �ﺵﺔ��ﻳدﺎﻌﻟا ﺮ��ﻴﻏ فوﺮ��ﻈﻟا و ، ﺔ��ﻳدﺎﻌﻟا ﻞﻴﻐ��ﺸﺘﻟا فوﺮ� �ﻇﺐﺡﺎ��ﺼﺕ ﻲ� �ﺘﻟاﻚ� ﺔﻠﻣﺎ��ﻠﺕ �ﺵ، ﺔ��ﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺐ��ﻧاﻮﺠﻟا ﺪ��ﻳﺪﺤﺕ .أ
. ثداﻮﺤﻟا و ئراﻮﻄﻟا لاﻮﺡأ و ﻒﻗﻮﺘﻟا و ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺘﻟا
. ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﺎﻬﺏ مﺰﺘﻠﺕ ﻲﺘﻟا تﺎﺒﻠﻄﺘﻤﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺎهﺮﻴﻏ و ﺔﻴﻌﻳﺮﺸﺘﻟا تﺎﺒﻠﻄﺘﻤﻟا ﺪﻳﺪﺤﺕ .ب
. تاداﺪﻣﻹا و تاﺪﻗﺎﻌﺘﻟا ﺔﻄﺸﻧﺄﺏ ﺔﺒﺡﺎﺼﻤﻟا ﻚﻠﺕ ﺔﻠﻣﺎﺵ ، ﺔﻨهاﺮﻟا ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادﻹا تاءاﺮﺟإ و تاﺮﺒﺧ ﺺﺤﻓ .ج
. ﺔﻘﺏﺎﺴﻟا ثداﻮﺤﻟا و ئراﻮﻄﻟا عﺎﺽوأ ﻢﻴﻴﻘﺕ .د
: ﻞﺜﻣ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﺽإ تارﺎﺒﺘﻋا ﺔﻌﺟاﺮﻤﻟا ﻦﻤﻀﺘﺕ نأ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ و
مﺰ�ﺡ و ةﺮ�ﺒﺨﻟا ﻖ�ﻴﺙاﻮﻣ و ﺢﺉاﻮ�ﻠﻟا و ، ﺔ�ﻴﺟرﺎﺨﻟا تﺎﻔ�ﺻاﻮﻤﻟا و ، ﺔ�ﻘﺒﻄﻤﻟا ﺔ�ﻴﻠﺧاﺪﻟا ﺺﺉﺎ�ﺼﺨﻟﺎﺏ ﺔﻧرﺎﻘﻤﻟﺎﺏ ءادﻷا ﻢﻴﻴﻘﺕ —
.ﺔّﻟدﻷا و ئدﺎﺒﻤﻟا
. ﻒﻴﻟﺎﻜﺘﻟا ﺾﻴﻔﺨﺕ صﺮﻓ ﺔﻠﻣﺎﺵ ، ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻟا ﺎﻳاﺰﻤﻟا صﺮﻓ —
. ﺔﻴﻨﻌﻤﻟا فاﺮﻃﻷا ﺮﻈﻧ تﺎﻬﺟو —
. ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻟا ءادﻷا ﻦﻣ قّﻮﻌﺕ وأ زﺰﻌﺕ ﺪﻗ ﻲﺘﻟا ىﺮﺧﻷا ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا مﺎﻈﻨﻟا —
ﺎﻬﺘ�ﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺰ�ﻳﺰﻌﺕ وأ ﺮﻳﻮ�ﻄﺕ و ، ﺔ�ﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادﻹا ﺔ�ﻣﻮﻈﻨﻣ لﺎ�ﺠﻣ ءﺎ�ﺳرإ ﻲﻓ ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﺔﻧوﺎﻌﻤﻟ ﺔﻌﺟاﺮﻤﻟا ﺞﺉﺎﺘﻧ ماﺪﺨﺘﺳا ﻦﻜﻤﻳ و
، ﺔﻴﻌﻳﺮﺸﺘﻟا تﺎﺒﻠﻄﺘﻤﻟا ﻊﻣ ﺔﻘﺏﺎﻄﻤﻟا ﻲﻠﻋ ظﺎﻔﺤﻟا ﻲﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻬﺟﻮﺕ ﺔﻴ ﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺪﻳﺪﺤﺕ و ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺎﻬﻓاﺪهأ و ﺎﻬﺽاﺮﻏأ ءﺎﺳرإ و ، ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا
. ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﺎﻬﺏ مﺰﺘﻠﺕ ﻲﺘﻟا تﺎﺒﻠﻄﺘﻤﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺎهﺮﻴﻏ و
Official translation - ﺔﻴﻤﺳﺮﻟا ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺘﻟا
ﺔﻇﻮﻔﺤﻣ قﻮﻘﺤﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺟ © ISO 14004:2004
(ﺔﻴﻤﺳﺮﻟا ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺘﻟا) ISO 14004:2004وﺰﻳأ
ﺔﻴﻟوﻷا ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺔﻌﺟاﺮﻤﻟا – ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺔﻥوﺎﻌﻡ
: ﻲﻠﻳ ﺎﻣ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادﻺﻟ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺤﻟا قﺮﻄﻟا و تاﺮﺒﺨﻟا ﺺﺤﻔﻟ ﺎﻬﻣاﺪﺨﺘﺳا ﻦﻜﻤﻳ ﻲﺘﻟا قﺮﻄﻟا ﻦﻤﻀﺘﺕ
ﺎﻘﺏﺎﺳ ﺎﻬﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ و ﺎﻬﺕﺎﺠﺘﻨﻣ و ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟا طﺎﺸﻧ لﺎﺠﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﺤﺘﻟ ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟا بﺎﺴﺤﻟ وأ ﺎﻴﻟﺎﺡ وأ ﺎﻘﺏﺎﺳ ﻦﻴﻠﻣﺎﻌﻟا داﺮﻓﻷا ﻊﻣ تﻼﺏﺎﻘﻣ .أ
. ﺎﻴﻟﺎﺡ و
تاذ رﻮﻣﻷا و ىوﺎﻜﺸﻟا ﻼﻣﺎﺵ ، ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟﺎﺏ ﻦﻴﻴﻨﻌﻤﻟا فاﺮﻃﻷا ﻊﻣ تﺮﺟ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﺟرﺎﺨﻟا و ﺔﻴﻠﺧاﺪﻟا تﻻﺎﺼﺕﻻا ﻢﻴﻴﻘﺕ .ب
. ﺔﻘﺏﺎﺴﻟا ثداﻮﺤﻟا و ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ثاﺪﺡﻷا و ، ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﺎﻬﺏ ﺺﺘﺨﺕ يﺮﺧأ تﺎﺒﻠﻄﺘﻣ وأ ﺔﻳرﺎﺴﻟا ﺔﻴﻌﻳﺮﺸﺘﻟا تﺎﺒﻠﻄﺘﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻠﺼﻟا
: لﺎﺜﻤﻟا ﻞﻴﺒﺳ ﻲﻠﻋ و ﺔﻳرﺎﺴﻟا ﺔﻳرادﻹا تاﺮﺒﺨﻟﺎﺏ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﺕ تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺕ .ج
ةﺮﻄﺧ تﺎﻳوﺎﻤﻴآ ءاﺮﺵ تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻓ ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟا -1
( ﺔﻘﺏﺎﻄﻣ ﺮﻴﻏ تﺎﻳوﺎﻤﻴآ ﻦﻳﺰﺨﺕ ، ﺐﻴﺕﺮﺘﻟا ، ﺔﻳﻮﻧﺎﺙ تﺎﺙﻮﻠﻣ لﺎﺜﻤﻟا ﻞﻴﺒﺳ ﻲﻠﻋ ) تﺎﻳوﺎﻤﻴآ ﺔﻟوﺎﻨﻣ و ﻦﻳﺰﺨﺕ -2
. ةﺮﻳﺎﻄﺘﻣ تﺎﺙﺎﻌﺒﻧا ﻲﻓ ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟا -3
تﺎﻔﻠﺨﻤﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﻟا قﺮﻃ -4
. ﺔﺤﻓﺎﻜﻤﻟا و ئراﻮﻄﻟا ﺔﻬﺟاﻮﻣ تاﺪﻌﻣ -5
( ﻞﻤﻌﻟا تﺎﻋﺎﺳ ءﺎﻬﺘﻧا ﺪﻌﺏ ﺐﺕﺎﻜﻤﻟا ءاﻮﺽأ كﺮﺕ لﺎﺜﻤﻟا ﻞﻴﺒﺳ ﻲﻠﻋ ) دراﻮﻤﻟا ماﺪﺨﺘﺳا -6
. ﺪﻴﻴﺸﺘﻟا ءﺎﻨﺙأ ةﺎﻴﺤﻟا و ةﺮﻀﺨﻟا ﺔﻳﺎﻤﺡ -7
تﺎﻓﺮﺼﺕ ﻲﻠﻋ ﺮﺙﺆﻳ ﺎﻤﻣ ﻞﻴﺻﺎﺤﻤﻟا طﺎﻤﻧأ نارود ﻲﻓ تاﺮﻴﻐﺘﻟا لﺎﺜﻤﻟا ﻞﻴﺒﺳ ﻲﻠﻋ ) تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺔﺕﻮﻗﻮﻤﻟا تاﺮﻴﻐﺘﻟا -8
( ﺔﻴﺉﺎﻤﻟا يرﺎﺠﻤﻟا ﻲﻟإ تﺎﺒﺼﺨﻤﻟا
ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺐﻳرﺪﺘﻟا ﺞﻣاﺮﺏ -9
ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺘﻟا ﻲﻓ ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟا قﺮﻃ تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ راﺮﻗإ و ﺔﻌﺟاﺮﻣ -10
. ﺔﻴﺨﻳرﺎﺘﻟا تﻼﺠﺴﻟا عﺎﺟﺮﺘﺳا ﺮﺴﻳ وأ / و ﺔﺏﺎﻗﺮﻟا تﻼﺠﺳ ءﺎﻔﻴﺘﺳا -11
و ﺮﺵﺎﺒﻤﻟا ﺺﺤﻔﻟا و ، تﻼﺏﺎﻘﻤﻟا و ، تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا ﻖﻓﺪﺕ ﻂﺉاﺮﺧ و ، ﺺﺤﻔﻠﻟ ﻢﺉاﻮﻗ ماﺪﺨﺘﺳﺎﺏ ﺔﻌﺟاﺮﻤﻟا ﺮﺵﺎﺒﺕ نأ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ و
ﺎﻬﺕﺎﺠﺘﻨﻣ و ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﺔﻄﺸﻧأ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟ ﺎﻘﺒﻃ تﺎﻌﺟﺮﻤﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺎهﺮﻴﻏ وأ ﺔﻘﺏﺎﺴﻟا تﺎﻌﺟاﺮﻤﻟا ﺞﺉﺎﺘﻧ و ، ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺤﻟا و ﺔﻘﺏﺎﺴﻟا تﺎﺳﺎﻴﻘﻟا
وأ ءﺎﺳرإ و لﺎﺠﻤﻟا ﺔﻏﺎﻴﺻ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺘﻤهﺎﺴﻣ ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﻣاﺪﺨﺘﺳا ﻦﻜﻤﻳ ﺚﻴﺤﺏ ﺔﻌﺟاﺮﻤﻟا ﺞﺉﺎﺘﻧ ﻖّﺙﻮﺕ نأ ﻦﻴﻌﺘﻳ و . ﺎﻬﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ و
ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺎﻬﺘﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺔﻠﻣﺎﺵ ، ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادﻹا ﺔﻣﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﺰﻳﺰﻌﺕ
ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا 2.4
فﻮ�ﺳ ﻲ�ﺘﻟا و ، ةﺄ�ﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﻦ�ﻣ بﻮ�ﻠﻄﻤﻟا ﻲ�ﺌﻴﺒﻟا ءادﻷا و ﺔﻴﻟﻮﺌ�ﺴﻤﻟا يﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻢﻴﻘﺕ و . ةﺄﺸﻨﻣ ءادأ ئدﺎﺒﻣ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا ﻲﺳﺮﺕ
ﺔﻄ�ﺸﻧﻷ ﺔ�ﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا تاﺮﻴﺙﺄ�ﺘﻠﻟ ﺔ�ﻤﺉﻼﻣ ﺔ�ﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا نﻮ�ﻜﺕ نأ ﻦﻴ�ﻌﺘﻳ و . ﻚ�ﻟذ ﻲ�ﻠﻋ ﺔ�ﺒﺕﺮﺘﻤﻟا تاءاﺮ�ﺟﻹا ﻞ�آ ﻲ�ﻠﻋ ﺎ�ﻬﻴﻠﻋ ءﺎﻨﺏ ﻢﻜﺤﻳ
ضاﺮ�ﻏﻷا ﻊ�ﺽو ﺪ�ﺵﺮﺕ نأ ﻲ�ﻐﺒﻨﻳ و ( ﺔ�ﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادﻹا ﺔ�ﻣﻮﻈﻨﻤﻟ دﺪ�ﺤﻤﻟا لﺎ�ﺠﻤﻟا رﺎ�ﻃإ ﻲ�ﻓ ) ﺎﻬﺕﺎﻣﺪ�ﺧ و ﺎ�ﻬﺕﺎﺠﺘﻨﻣ و ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟا
. فاﺪهﻷا و
ئدﺎ� �ﺒﻣﺔ��ﻴﻧﺪﻤﻟا تﺎ��ﻌﻤﺠﺘﻟا و تﺎﻋﺎﻨ��ﺼﻟا تادﺎ��ﺤﺕا و تﺎ��ﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟا ﺔﻠﻣﺎ� �ﺵ، ﺔ��ﻴﻟوﺪﻟا تﺎ��ﺌﻴﻬﻟا ﻦ� ﺔ��ﻣ�ﻴﻣﺎﻨﺘﻣ داﺪ� �ﻋأترﻮ� �ﻃﺪ� و�ﻗ
ئدﺎ� �ﺒﻣنوﺎ� �ﻌﺕنأ ﻦ��ﻜﻤﻳ و . ﻢﻴ� �ﻦ�ﻘﻟا ﺔ��ﻣ�ﻣﺎﻋ مﺰ� �ﻲ�ﺡ �ﻠﻋلﻮ��ﺼﺤﻟا ﻲ� �ﻠﻋﺔ��ﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ تﺎ��ﺴﺳﺆﻣ نﻮﻧوﺎ� �ﻌﻳﺎ��ﻤآ . ﺔﻳدﺎ��ﺵﺮﺘﺳا
ﻲ�ﻠﻋ ﺔ�ﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺔ�ﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا ﺔﻏﺎﻴ�ﺻ ﺔﻴﻟﻮ ﺌ�ﺴﻣ ﻲ�ﻘﺒﺕ و . ﺔ�ﻳدﺮﻓ ﺔ�ﻴﻔﻴﻜﺏ ﺎﻬﺘ�ﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺮﻳﻮ�ﻄﺕ ﻲ�ﻠﻋ ةﺄ�ﺸﻨﻣ لاﻮ�ﻨﻤﻟا اﺬ�ه ﻲﻠﻋ ﺔﻳدﺎﺵﺮﺘﺳا
ﻞ�ﻤﺤﺘﺕ و . ةﺄ�ﺸﻨﻤﻠﻟ ىﺮ�ﺧﻷا تﺎ�ﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا ﻖﺉﺎ�ﺙو ﻲ�ﻟإ ﻢ�ﻀﻨﺕ وأ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا ﻦﻤﻀﺘﺕ نأ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ و . ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﺎﻴﻠﻌﻟا ةرادﻹا
ﻊ�ﻴﻤﺟ ﻲ�ﻟإ ﺔ�ﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا ﺚ�ﺒﺕ نأ ﻲ�ﻐﺒﻨﻳ و . ﺔ�ﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا ﻞﻳﺪ�ﻌﺕ و ﺔﻏﺎﻴ�ﺼﻟ تﻼﺧﺪ�ﻣ ﺮﻴﻓﻮ�ﺕ و ﺔ�ﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا ﺬﻴﻔﻨﺕ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟا ةرادإ
ﺔ�ﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤﻟا قﺮﻄﻟ 2.3.4.4 ﺮﻈﻧأ ) ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا حﺎﺘﺕ نأ ﻦﻴﻌﺘﻳ ﻚﻟذ ﻲﻟإ ﺔﻓﺎﺽﻹﺎﺏ و . ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﺔﺏﺎﻧﻹﺎﺏ وأ ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟﺎﺏ ﻦﻴﻠﻣﺎﻌﻟا
. ( ﻲﺟرﺎﺨﻟا ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻟا ﻲﻓ
Official translation - ﺔﻴﻤﺳﺮﻟا ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺘﻟا
ﺔﻇﻮﻔﺤﻣ قﻮﻘﺤﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺟ © ISO 14004:2004
(ﺔﻴﻤﺳﺮﻟا ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺘﻟا) ISO 14004:2004وﺰﻳأ
: ﻲﻠﻳ ﺎﻣ ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﻲﻋاﺮﺕ نأ ﻲﻐﺒﻨﻳ ، ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺎﻬﺘﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺮﻳﻮﻄﺕ ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ و
.ﺎﻬﺕاﺪﻘﺘﻌﻣ و ﺎﻬﻤﻴﻗ و ﺎﻬﺘﻳؤر و ﺎﻬﺘﻟﺎﺳر .أ
( ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻟا ﺔﺤﺼﻟا و ﺔﻣﻼﺴﻟا ، ةدﻮﺠﻟا ) لﺎﺜﻤﻟا ﻞﻴﺒﺳ ﻲﻠﻋ ىﺮﺧﻷا ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟا تﺎﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻊﻣ ﻖﻴﺴﻨﺘﻟا .ب
. ﺔﻴﻨﻌﻤﻟا فاﺮﻃﻷا ﻊﻣ تﻻﺎﺼﺕﻻا و تﺎﺒﻠﻄﺘﻤﻟا .ج
ﺔﻳدﺎﺵرﻹا ئدﺎﺒﻤﻟا .د
. ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤﻟا ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹا و ﺔﻴﻠﺤﻤﻟا فوﺮﻈﻟا .ـه
ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻤﻟا ﻦﻴﺴﺤﺘﻟا و ثﻮﻠﺘﻟا ﻊﻨﻤﺏ ﺎﻬﺕﺎﻣاﺰﺘﻟا .و
. ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﺎﻬﺏ مﺰﺘﻠﺕ ﻲﺘﻟا تﺎﺒﻠﻄﺘﻤﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺎهﺮﻴﻏ و ﺔﻴﻌﻳﺮﺸﺘﻟا تﺎﺒﻠﻄﺘﻤﻟا ﻊﻣ ﻖﻓاﻮﺘﻟﺎﺏ ﺎﻬﻣاﺰﺘﻟا .د
ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا – ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺔﻥوﺎﻌﻡ
ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادﻹا ﺔﻣﻮﻈﻨﻣ لﺎﺠﻣ ﻦﻤﺽ ﺔﻠﺧاﺪﻟا تﺎﻣﺪﺨﻟا و تﺎﺠﺘﻨﻤﻟا و ﺔﻄﺸﻧﻷا ﻞآ نﺄﺏ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا فﺮﺘﻌﺕ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ
.ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺏ ارﺎﺙﺁ ثﺪﺤﺕ نأ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻠﻟ
ﻦﻤﺽ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟا تﺎﻣاﺰﺘﻟﻻا ﻲﻠﻋ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا ﺺﻨﺕ نأ ﻲﻐﺒﻨﻳ و . ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻲﻠﻋ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا ﺎﻬﺠﻟﺎﻌﺕ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺎﻳﺎﻀﻘﻟا ﺪﻤﺘﻌﺕ و
. يﺮﺧأ رﻮﻣأ
ﻖﻠﻌﺘﺕ ﻲﺘﻟا و ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﺎﻬﻟ ﻊﻀﺨﺕ ﻲﺘﻟا يﺮﺧﻷا تﺎﺒﻠﻄﺘﻤﻟا و ﺔﻘّﺒﻄﻤﻟا ﺔﻴﻌﻳﺮﺸﺘﻟا تﺎﺒﻠﻄﺘﻤﻟا زوﺎﺠﺘﺕ وأ ﻊﻣ ﻖﺏﺎﻄﺘﺕ .أ
. ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺎﻬﺒﻧاﻮﺠﺏ
( ثﻮﻠﺘﻟا ﻊﻨﻣ – ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا ﺔﻧوﺎﻌﻤﻟا ﺮﻈﻧأ ) ثﻮﻠﺘﻟا ﻊﻨﻣ .ب
ﺔﺒﺡﺎﺼﻤﻟا تاﺮﺵﺆﻤﻟا و ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻟا ءادﻷا ﻢﻴﻴﻘﺕ قﺮﻃ ﺮﻳﻮﻄﺕ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻤﻟا ﻦﻴﺴﺤﺘﻟا ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺕ .ج
ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ يﺮﺧأ تﺎﻣاﺰﺘﻟإ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا ﻦﻤﻀﺘﺕ ﺪﻗ و
ﺔﻠﻣﺎﻜﺘﻤﻟا ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادﻹا قﺮﻃ ماﺪﺨﺘﺳا لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ةﺪﻳﺪﺠﻟا تاﺮﻳﻮﻄﺘﻟا ﻦﻣ ةرﺎﺽ ﺔﺳﻮﻤﻠﻣ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺏ رﺎﺙﺁ يأ ﻦﻣ ﺪﺤﻟا .د
. ﻂﻴﻄﺨﺘﻟا و
. رﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻا ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺐﻧاﻮﺠﻟا ﺬﺧأ ﻊﻣ تﺎﺠﺘﻨﻣ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺕ -ـه
. ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادﻹا لﺎﺠﻣ ﻲﻓ ةدﺎﻴﻘﻟا ﻲﻓ ﻞﺜﻤﻟا ءﺎﻄﻋإ .و
ثﻮﻠﺘﻟا ﻊﻨﻡ – ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺔﻥﻮﻌﻡ
تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا ﺮﻳﻮﻄﺕ ﻦﻤﺽ ﻚﻟﺬآ و ، ةﺪﻳﺪﺠﻟا تﺎﻣﺪﺨﻟا و تﺎﺠﺘﻨﻤﻟا ﺮﻳﻮﻄﺕ و ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺕ ﻦﻤﺽ ثﻮﻠﺘﻟا ﻊﻨﻣ جرﺪﻨﻳ نأ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ
ﻦﻣ ﺪﺤﻟا و دراﻮﻤﻟا ﻲﻠﻋ ظﺎﻔﺤﻟا ﻲﻠﻋ ةﺄﺸﻨﻣ نوﺎﻌﺕ نأ – لﺎﺜﻤﻟا ﻞﻴﺒﺳ ﻲﻠﻋ– ﻦﻜﻤﻳ تﺎﻴﺠﻴﺕاﺮﺘﺳﻻا ﻚﻠﺕ ﻞﺜﻣ و . ﺔﺒﺡﺎﺼﻤﻟا
ﻢﻴهﺎﻔﻤﻟ تادﺎﺵرإ ISO/TR14062 ﻰﻨﻔﻟا ﺮﻳﺮﻘﺘﻟا ﻦﻤﻀﺘﻳ) .تﺎﻣﺪﺨﻟا و تﺎﺠﺘﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﺒﺡﺎﺼﻤﻟا تﺎﺙﺎﻌﺒﻧﻻا و تﺎﻔﻠﺨﻤﻟا
( ﺞﺘﻨﻤﻟا ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺕ تاﺮﺒﺧ و
تﺎﺙﺎﻌﺒﻧﻹا و تﺎﻔﻠﺨﻤﻟا ﺪﻟﻮﺕ ﻊﻨﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺟودﺰﻤﻟا ﺎﻳاﺰﻤﻟا ﺎﻬﻟ نأ ﺚﻴﺡ ﺔﻴﻠﻋﺎﻓ تاﺮﺒﺨﻟا ﺮﺜآأ دراﻮﻤﻟا ﺪﻴﺵﺮﺕ نﻮﻜﻳ نأ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ و
ﺾﻌﺏ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ دراﻮﻤﻟا ﺪﻴﺵﺮﺕ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ثﻮﻠﺘﻟا ﻊﻨﻣ نﻮﻜﻳ ﻻ ﺪﻗ ﻚﻟذ ﻊﻣ و . دراﻮﻤﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺮﻴﻓﻮﺘﻟا ﺖﻗﻮﻟا تاذ ﻲﻓ و
ﻚﻠﺕ ﻞﺜﻣ و .ثﻮﻠﺘﻟا ﻊﻨﻤﻟ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﺘﻤﻟا تﺎﻬﺟﻮﺘﻟا ماﺪﺨﺘﺳا ﺎهرﺎﺒﺘﻋا ﻲﻓ ﺬﺧﺄﺕ نأ ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﻲﻠﻋ و . تﺎﺌﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﺾﻌﺒﻟ و لاﻮﺡﻷا
: ﻲﻟﺎﺘﻟا ﻮﺤﻨﻟا ﻲﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﺒﻴﺕﺮﺕ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ و ﻊﺒﻨﻤﻟا ﺪﻨﻋ ثﻮﻠﺘﻟا ﻊﻨﻤﻟ ﺔﻴﻠﻀﻓﻷا ﻲﻄﻌﺕ تﺎﻬﺟﻮﺘﻟا
وأ تﺎﺠﺘﻨﻤﻟا وأ تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا وأ داﻮﻤﻠﻟ ﻞﺉاﺪﺏ و ، ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻠﻟ اددﻮﺘﻣ اﺮﻳﻮﻄﺕ و ﺎﻤﻴﻤﺼﺕ ﻼﻣﺎﺵ) ﻊﻨﻤﻟا وأ ﻊﺒﻨﻤﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻒﻔﺨﺘﻟا .أ
( ﺔﻳدﺎﻤﻟا دراﻮﻤﻟا و ﺔﻗﺎﻄﻟا ﻲﻠﻋ ظﺎﻔﺤﻟا و ءﻒﻜﻟا ماﺪﺨﺘﺳﻻا و ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻨﻜﺘﻟا تاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺘﻟا
. (ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟا وأ تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا ﻞﺧاد داﻮﻤﻟا ﺮﻳوﺪﺕ وأ ماﺪﺨﺘﺳا ةدﺎﻋإ ) ﻲﻠﺧاﺪﻟا ﺮﻳوﺪﺘﻟا وأ ماﺪﺨﺘﺳﻻا ةدﺎﻋإ .ب
( ﺮﻳوﺪﺘﻟا وأ ماﺪﺨﺘﺳﻻا ةدﺎﻋﻹ ﻊﻗﻮﻤﻟا جرﺎﺧ داﻮﻤﻟا ﻞﻘﻧ ) ﺎﻴﺟرﺎﺧ ﺮﻳوﺪﺘﻟا وأ ماﺪﺨﺘﺳﻻا ةدﺎﻋإ .ج
، تﺎﺙﺎﻌﺒﻧﻹا ﺔﻠﻣﺎﻌﻣ ، ﻊﻗﻮﻤﻟا جرﺎﺧ وأ ﻊﻗﻮﻤﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﺧﺪﺘﻤﻟا تﺎﻔﻠﺨﻤﻟا ﻦﻣ عﺎﺟﺮﺘﺳﻻا) ﺔﻠﻣﺎﻌﻤﻟا و عﺎﺟﺮﺘﺳﻻا .د
( ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺎهرﺎﺙﺁ ﻦﻣ ﺪﺤﻠﻟ ﻊﻗﻮﻤﻟا جرﺎﺧ وأ ﻊﻗﻮﻤﻟا ﻞﺧاد تﺎﻔﻠﺨﻤﻟا ﻒﻳﺮﺼﺕ و
مﺪﺨﺘﺴﺕ ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟا مﺪﺨﺘﺴﺕ ﻻأ ﻦﻴﻌﺘﻳ ﻚﻟذ ﻊﻣ و . ﻪﺏ حﻮﻤﺴﻣ نﺎآ اذإ ، مﻮﻜﺤﻤﻟا ﺺﻠﺨﺘﻟا وأ ﺪﻴﻣﺮﺘﻟا ﻞﺜﻣ ، ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟا تﺎﻴﻟﺁ .ـه
. رﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻا ﻲﻓ يﺮﺧﻷا ﻞﺉاﺪﺒﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﺕ نأ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻞﻴﺒﻘﻟا اﺬه ﻦﻣ ﺎﻗﺮﻃ
Official translation - ﺔﻴﻤﺳﺮﻟا ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺘﻟا
ﺔﻇﻮﻔﺤﻣ قﻮﻘﺤﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺟ © ISO 14004:2004
(ﺔﻴﻤﺳﺮﻟا ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺘﻟا) ISO 14004:2004وﺰﻳأ
ﻂﻴﻄﺨﺘﻟا 3.4
ﻂﻴﻄﺨﺘﻟا – ﺔﻡﺎﻋ تادﺎﺵرإ
نأ ﻲﻐﺒﻨﻳ و . ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺎﻬﺕرادإ ﺔﻣﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺻ و ﺬﻴﻔﻨﺕ و ﺔﻣﺎﻗإ و ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ ﺎﺟﺮﺡ ﺎﻧﺄﺵ ﻂﻴﻄﺨﺘﻟا ﺮﺒﺘﻌﻳ
: ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟا ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻌﻟا ﻦﻤﻀﺘﺕ ﻂﻴﻄﺨﺕ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﻚﻠﺘﻤﺕ
. ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺎﻳﺮهﻮﺟ نﺎآ ﺎﻣ ﺮﻳﺮﻘﺕ و ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺐﻧاﻮﺠﻟا ﺪﻳﺪﺤﺕ .أ
. ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﺎﻬﻟ ﻊﻀﺨﺕ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﻘﺒﻄﻤﻟا يﺮﺧﻷا تﺎﺒﻠﻄﺘﻤﻟا و ﺔﻴﻌﻳﺮﺸﺘﻟا تﺎﺒﻠﻄﺘﻤﻟا ﺪﻳﺪﺤﺕ .ب
. ﺎﻤﺉﻼﻣ ﻚﻟذ نﺎآ ذإ ﻲﻠﺧاﺪﻟا ءادﻷا تاﺮﺵﺆﻣ ﻊﺽو .ج
. ( ﺎﻬﻘﻴﻘﺤﺘﻟ ) ﻪﻘﻴﻘﺤﺘﻟ ( ﺞﻣاﺮﺒﻟا ) ﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺒﻟا ﺔﻣﺎﻗإ و فاﺪهﻷا و ضاﺮﻏﻷا ﻊﺽو .د
و . ﺎﻬﻓاﺪهأ غﻮﻠﺒﻟ ﺔﻴﻤهأ ﺮﺜآﻷا ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻤﻟا ﻚﻠﺕ ﻲﻠﻋ ﺎهدراﻮﻣ ﺰﻴآﺮﺕ ﻲﻠﻋ ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﺔﻧوﺎﻌﻣ ، ﻩﺬه ﻂﻴﻄﺨﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻊﻴﻄﺘﺴﺕ و
ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادﻹا ﺔﻣﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﻣ يﺮﺧأ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻦﻴﺴﺤﺕ و ﺔﻣﺎﻗإ ﻲﻓ ﻂﻴﻄﺨﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻦﻋ ةﺪﻟﻮﺘﻤﻟا تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻟا ماﺪﺨﺘﺳا ﺎﻀﻳأ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ
. ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺘﻟا سﺎﻴﻗ و ﻲﻠﻋ ﺔﺏﺎﻗﺮﻟا ﻲﻓ ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟا و ، ﺐﻳرﺪﺘﻟا ﻞﺜﻣ ،
ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺴﺤﺕ و ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ظﺎﻔﺤﻟا و ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادﻹا ﺔﻣﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﺬﻴﻔﻨﺕ و ﺔﻣﺎﻗإ ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ مﺪﺨﺘﺴﺕ و . ﺔﻠﺻاﻮﺘﻣ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻂﻴﻄﺨﺘﻟا و
، ﻂﻴﻄﺨﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻦﻣ ﺐﻧﺎﺠآ و . ﺎﻬﺕاذ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادﻹا ﺔﻣﻮﻈﻨﻣ تﺎﺟﺮﺨﻣ و تﻼﺧﺪﻣ و ةﺮﻴﻐﺘﻤﻟا فوﺮﻈﻟا ﻲﻠﻋ ﺎﺴﻴﺳﺄﺕ ،
و ، ﺎﻬﺘﺳﺎﻴﺳ فاﺪهأ و ضاﺮﻏأ و تﺎﻣاﺰﺘﻟﺎﺏ ءﺎﻓﻮﻠﻟ ﺎهءادأ ﻢﻴﻴﻘﺕ و سﺎﻴﻗ ﺔﻴﻔﻴآ ﺎهرﺎﺒﺘﻋا ﻲﻓ ﺬﺧﺄﺕ نأ ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﻲﻠﻋ ﻦﻴﻌﺘﻳ
. ﻂﻴﻄﺨﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ءﺎﻨﺙأ ءادأ تاﺮﺵﺆﻣ ﻊﺽﻮﺕ نأ ، يوﺪﺟ تاذ نﻮﻜﺕ ﻲﺘﻟا تﺎﻬﺟﻮﺘﻟا يﺪﺡإ و . يﺮﺧﻷا ﺎﻬﺉادأ تاﺮﺵﺆﻣ
14031 وﺰﻳأ و 1.5.4 و 3.3.3.4 ﺔﻴﻋﺮﻔﻟا دﻮﻨﺒﻟا ﻲﻓ ءادﻷا ﻢﻴﻴﻘﺕ و تاﺮﺵﺆﻣ تادﺎﺵرإ ﺮﻈﻧأ : ﺔﻈﺡﻼﻣ
ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺐﻥاﻮﺠﻟا 1.3.4
ﺔﻡﺎﻋ ةﺮﻈﻥ 1.1.3.4
ﻲﻤ��ﺴﺕ و . (2.1.3.4 ﺮ��ﻈﻧأ ) ﺔ��ﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﻊ� ةﺄ��ﻣ�ﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﻦﻴ� ﺎ��ﺏ�ﻤﻴﻓ ﻲ��ﻨﻴﺒﻟا ﻞ��ﻋﺎﻔﺘﻟا ﺔ��ﻴﻔﻴآ ﻢ��ﻬﻔﺏ ﺔ��ﻟﺎّ ﺔ�ﻌﻔﻟا�ﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادﻹا ﺔ��ﻣﻮﻈﻨﻣ أﺪ��ﺒﺕ
وأ ، فّﺮ�ﺼﺕ : ﺔ�ﻠﺜﻣﻷا ﻦﻤ�ﻀﺘﺕ و ﺔ�ﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺐ�ﻧاﻮﺠﻟا ﺔ�ﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﻊ�ﻣ ﻞﻋﺎﻔﺘﺕ ﻲﺘﻟا و ﺎﻬﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ و ﺎﻬﺕﺎﺠﺘﻨﻣ و ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﺔﻄﺸﻧأ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ
، ﺔ�ﻴﺌﻴﺏ ةرادإ ﺔ�ﻣﻮﻈﻨﻤﻟ ةﺬ�ّﻔﻨﻤﻟا ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟا دﺪﺤﺕ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ و . ءﺎﺽﻮﺽ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺕ وأ . ةدﺎﻣ ماﺪﺨﺘﺳا ةدﺎﻋإ وأ كﻼﻬﺘﺳا وأ ، ثﺎﻌﺒﻧا
(3.1.3.4 ﺮﻈﻧأ ) ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺮﺙﺆﺕ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺐﻧاﻮﺠﻟا و ، ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻢﻜﺤﺘﺕ نأ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺐﻧاﻮﺠﻟا
ﻦﻤ�ﻀﺘﺕ و . ﺔ�ﻴﺌﻴﺏ ارﺎ�ﺙﺁ ، ﺔ�ﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺐ�ﻧاﻮﺠﻟا ﻦ�ﻣ ﺎ�ﻴﺉﺰﺟ وأ ﺎ�ﻴﻠآ ﺞﺘ�ﻨﺕ ﻲ�ﺘﻟا ةﺪ�ﻴﻔﻤﻟا وأ ةرﺎ�ﻀﻟا ءاﻮ�ﺳ ﺔ�ﺌﻴﺒﻟا تاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺘﻟا ﻲﻤﺴﺕ
ةﺪ�ﻴﻔﻤﻟا ﺔ�ﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا رﺎ�ﺙﻵا ﻦﻤ�ﻀﺘﺕ و . ﺔ�ﻴﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟا دراﻮ�ﻤﻟا فاﺰﻨﺘ�ﺳا و ، ءاﻮ�ﻬﻟا ثﻮ�ﻠﺕ : لﺎﺜﻤﻟا ﻞﻴﺒﺳ ﻲﻠﻋ ةرﺎﻀﻟا ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا رﺎﺙﻵا
ﻲ�ه ﺎ�ﻬﻟ ﺔﺒﺡﺎ�ﺼﻤﻟا رﺎ�ﺙﻵا و ﺔ�ﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺐ�ﻧاﻮﺠﻟا ﻦﻴ�ﺏ ﺎ�ﻤﻴﻓ ﺔ�ﻗﻼﻌﻟا و . ﺔ�ﺏﺮﺘﻟا و ءﺎ�ﻤﻟا ةدﻮ�ﺟ ﻲ�ﻓ ﻦ�ّﺴﺤﺘﻟا : لﺎ�ﺜﻤﻟا ﻞﻴﺒﺳ ﻲﻠﻋ
ﻲ�ﻠﻋ ﺔ�ﻳﺮهﻮﺟ ارﺎ�ﺙﺁ ﺎ�ﻬﻟ نﻮ�ﻜﻳ نأ ﻦ�ﻜﻤﻳ وأ ﺎ�ﻬﻟ نﻮ�ﻜﻳ ﻲ�ﺘﻟا ﺐ�ﻧاﻮﺠﻟا ﻚ�ﻠﺕ ﻢﻬﻔﺘ�ﺕ نأ ةﺄ�ﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﻲﻠﻋ ﺐﺠﻳ و . ﺮﺙﻷا و ﺐﺒﺴﻟا
.(4.1.3.4 ﺮﻈﻧأ ) ﺔﻳﺮهﻮﺟ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺏ ارﺎﺙﺁ يأ ، ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟا
و تاﺮ�ﺵﺆﻣ ﻊ�ﻀﺕ نأ ﻦﻴ�ﻌﺘﻴﻓ ، ﺔﺒﺡﺎﺼﻤﻟا ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا رﺎﺙﻵا و ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺐﻧاﻮﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺮﻴﺜﻜﻠﻟ ضﺮﻌﺘﺕ نأ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟا نأ ﺚﻴﺡ و
ﺪ�ﻨﻋ رﺎ�ﺒﺘﻋﻻا ﻲ�ﻓ ﺎهﺬ�ﺧأ ﻦﻴ�ﻌﺘﻳ ﻲ�ﺘﻟا ﻞ�ﻣاﻮﻌﻟا ﻦ�ﻣ ﺪ�ﻳﺪﻌﻟا كﺎ�ﻨه و . (5.1.3.4 ﺮ�ﻈﻧأ ) ﺎ�ﻳﺮهﻮﺟ ﻩﺮ�ﺒﺘﻌﺕ ﺎ�ﻣ ﺪ�ﻳﺪﺤﺘﻟ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻃ
ﻲ�ﺘﻟا و ﺔﻘﺒﻄﻤﻟا يﺮﺧﻷا تﺎﺒﻠﻄﺘﻤﻟا و ﺔﻴﻌﻳﺮﺸﺘﻟا تﺎﺒﻠﻄﺘﻤﻟا ﻦ ﻋ تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻟا و ، ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺺﺉﺎﺼﺨﻟا ﻞﺜﻣ ، تاﺮﺵﺆﻤﻟا ﻊﺽو
ﻲ�ﻠﻋ تاﺮ�ﺵﺆﻤﻟا ﻚ�ﻠﺕ ﺾ�ﻌﺏ ﻖ�ﺒﻄﺕ نأ ﻦ�ﻜﻤﻳ و . ( ﺔ�ﻴﺟرﺎﺨﻟا و ﺔﻴﻠﺧاﺪﻟا ) ﺔﻴﻨﻌﻤﻟا فاﺮﻃﻷا نﻮﺌﺵ و ، ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﺎﻬﻟ ﻊﻀﺨﺕ
. ﺎﻬﻟ ﺔﺒﺡﺎﺼﻤﻟا ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا رﺎﺙﻵا ﻲﻠﻋ ﺮﺧﻵا ﺾﻌﺒﻟا و ةﺮﺵﺎﺒﻣ ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺐﻧاﻮﺠﻟا
ﺔ�ﺟﺎﺤﻟا نﻮ�ﻜﺕ ﻦ�ﻳأ ﺪ�ﻳﺪﺤﺕ ﻞ�ﺟأ ﻦ�ﻣ ، ﺎﻳروﺮ�ﺽ ﺎ�ﻬﻟ ﺔﺒﺡﺎ�ﺼﻤﻟا ﺔ�ﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا رﺎ�ﺙﻵا و ﺔ�ﻳﺮهﻮﺠﻟا ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺐﻧاﻮﺠ ﻟا ﺪﻳﺪﺤﺕ ﺮﺒﺘﻌﻳ و
. (5.1.3.4 ﺮﻈﻧأ ) يرادﻹا ءاﺮﺟﻺﻟ تﺎﻳﻮﻟوﻷا ﻊﺽو و ، ﻦﻴﺴﺤﺘﻟا وأ ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻠﻟ
Official translation - ﺔﻴﻤﺳﺮﻟا ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺘﻟا
ﺔﻇﻮﻔﺤﻣ قﻮﻘﺤﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺟ © ISO 14004:2004
(ﺔﻴﻤﺳﺮﻟا ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺘﻟا) ISO 14004:2004وﺰﻳأ
لوﻷا مﺎ�ﻘﻤﻟا ﻲﻓ ، ةﺄﺸ ﻨﻤﻟا ،ﺔﺏﺎﻗر ﺞﻣاﺮﺏ و ، تﻻﺎﺼﺕا و ، ﺐﻳرﺪﺕ ﺞﻣاﺮﺏ و ، فاﺪهأ و ، ضاﺮﻏأ و ، ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ مﺎﻘﺕ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ و
يﺮ�� تﺎ�ﺧﻷا�ﺒﻠﻄﺘﻤﻟا و ﺔﻴﻌﻳﺮ��ﺸﺘﻟا تﺎ��ﺒﻠﻄﺘﻤﻟﺎﺏ ﺔ��ﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻟا ﻞﺉﺎ��ﺴﻤﻟا نأ ﻦ� ﻢﻏﺮ��ﻣ ﻲ��ﻟا �ﻠﻋ، ﺔ��ﻳﺮهﻮﺠﻟا ﺔ��ﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺎ��ﻬﺒﻧاﻮﺟ ﺔ��ﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻲ��ﻠﻋ
. نﺎﺒﺴﺤﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺬﺧﺆﺕ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ ، ﺔﻴﻨﻌﻤﻟا فاﺮﻃﻷا ﺮﻈﻧ تﺎﻬﺟو و ، ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﺎﻬﻟ ﻊﻀﺨﺕ ﻲﺘﻟا و ﺔﻘﺒﻄﻤﻟا
ﺎ�ﻬﺉادﻷ ﺮﻤﺘ�ﺴﻤﻟا ﻦﻴ�ﺴﺤﺘﻟا ﻲ�ﻓ ﻢﻬ�ﺴﺕ و ﺔ�ﺌﻴﺒﻟﺎﺏ ﺎ�ﻬﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻟ ةﺄ�ﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﻢﻬﻔﺕ زﺰﻌﺕ ﺔﻠﺻاﻮﺘﻣ ﺔﻴﻠﻤ ﻋ ﺔﻳﺮهﻮﺠﻟا ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺐﻧاﻮﺠﻟا ﺪﻳﺪﺤﺕ و
. ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺎﻬﺕرادإ ﺔﻣﻮﻈﻨﻣ ضﺎﻬﻨﺘﺳا لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻟا
نﺈ�ﻓ ، تﺎﺌ�ﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﻞ�آ ﻢ�ﺉﻼﺕ ﻲ�ﺘﻟا ﺔ�ﻴﻤهﻷا ﺪ�ﻳﺪﺤﺕ و ﺔ�ﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا رﺎ�ﺙﻵا و ﺔ�ﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺐ�ﻧاﻮﺠﻟا ﺪ�ﻳﺪﺤﺘﻟ اﺪ�ﺡاو ﺎﻬﺟﻮﺕ كﺎﻨه ﺲﻴﻟ ﻪﻧأ ﺚﻴﺡ و
نأ ةﺄ�ﺸﻨﻣ ﻞ�آ ﻲ�ﻠﻋ و . ﺔ�ﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ةرادﻹا ﺔ�ﻣﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﻴ�ﺴﺤﺕ وأ ﺬ�ﻴﻔﻨﺘﻟ ﺔ�ﻤآﺎﺤﻟا ﻢﻴهﺎ�ﻔﻤﻠﻟ حﺮ�ﺵ ﻢﻳﺪ�ﻘﺕ ﻲ�ﻓ ﻦﻴ�ﻌﺕ ، ﺔ�ﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟا تادﺎﺵرﻻا
و ، ﻦ�ﻣز و ، تاﺪ�ﻴﻘﻌﺕ و ، ﻞﻴ�ﺻﺎﻔﺘﻟ ﺔﺒ�ﺴﻨﻟﺎﺏ ﺎ�ﻬﺕﺎﺟﺎﻴﺘﺡا ﻲﺒﻠﺕ ﻲﺘﻟا و ﺎﻬﻤﺠﺡ و ، ﺎﻬﺘﻌﻴﺒﻃ و ، ﺎﻬﻟﺎﺠﻣ ﻢﺉﻼﻳ يﺬﻟا ﻪﺟﻮﺘﻟا رﺎﺘﺨﺕ
غﻮ� ﻲ��ﻠﺏ �ﻠﻋﺔ�ﻧوﺎﻌﻤﻟا ﻦ��ﻜﻤﻳ رﺎ�ﺘﺨﻤﻟا ﻪ��ﺟﻮﺘﻟا ﻖ�ﻴﺒﻄﺘﻟ (قﺮ�)� ﺔ�ﻃ�ﻘﻳﺮﻃ ماﺪﺨﺘ�ﺳا و ﺎ��ﻬﻴﻠﻋ لّﻮ�ﻌ ﻳ ﻲ� �ﺘﻟاتﺎ�ﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟا ﺮّﻓﻮ� و�ﺕ ، ﻒﻴﻟﺎ�ﻜﺕ
. ﺲﻧﺎﺠﺘﻟا
. ﺔﻴﻓﺎﺽإ ﺔﻠﺜﻣأ و تادﺎﺵرﻹا ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺰﻤﻟا 1/ا ﻢﻗر لوﺪﺠﻟا و ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻋﺮﻔﻟا دﻮﻨﺒﻟا ﻦﻤﻀﺘﺕ و
تﺎﻡﺪﺨﻟا و تﺎﺠﺘﻨﻤﻟا و ﺔﻄﺸﻥﻷا ﻢﻬﻔﺕ 2.1.3.4
ﺔ�ﻴﺕﺎﻴﺤﻟا ةروﺪ�ﻟا ﻞ�ﺡاﺮﻣ ﻞآ ﻲﻓ وأ ﺔﻠﺡﺮﻣ يأ ﻲﻓ ثﺪﺤﺕ ﺪﻗ ، ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﻲﻠﻋ رﺎﺙﻵا ﺾﻌﺏ ت ﺎﻣﺪﺨﻟا و تﺎﺠﺘﻨﻤﻟا و ﺔﻄﺸﻧﻷا ﺐﻠﻏﻷ
ﻞ�ﺜﻣ نﻮﻜﺕ ﺪﻗ و . ﺺﻠﺨﺘﻟا و ماﺪﺨﺘﺳﻻا ﻲﻟإ ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﻟا و مﺎﺨﻟا ةدﺎﻤﻟا ﻲﻠﻋ ذاﻮﺤﺘﺳﻻا ﺬﻨﻣ يأ ، تﺎﻣﺪﺨﻟا وأ تﺎﺠﺘﻨﻤﻟا وأ ﺔﻄﺸﻧﻸﻟ
ةﺄ�ﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﻢّﻬﻔﺘ�ﺕ نأ ﻲ�ﻐﺒﻨﻳ و . ﺔ�ﻴﻤهﻷا ﻦ�ﻣ ةﺮ�ﻴﻐﺘﻣ تﺎﻳﻮﺘ�ﺴﻤﺏ ، يﺪ�ﻤﻟا ﺔﻠﻳﻮﻃ وأ ةﺮﻴﺼﻗ ، ﺔﻴﻧﻮآ وأ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗإ وأ ﺔﻴﻠﺤﻣ رﺎﺙﻵا ﻚﻠﺕ
ﻢﻴ�ﻴﻘﺕ و ﺪ�ﻳﺪﺤﺘﻟ ﺎ�ﻬﻌﻴﻤﺠﺘﻟ ﺔ�ﻳﺪﺠﻣ ﺎهﺪ�ﺠﺕ ﺪ�ﻗ و ، ﺔ�ﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺎ�ﻬﺕرادإ ﺔ�ﻣﻮﻈﻨﻣ لﺎ�ﺠﻣ ﻞﺧاد ﻊﻘﺕ ﻲﺘﻟا تﺎﻣﺪﺨﻟا و تﺎﺠﺘﻨﻤﻟا و ﺔﻄﺸﻧﻷا
وأ ﺔ�ﻣﺎﻌﻟا ﺔ�ﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺐ�ﻧاﻮﺠﻟا ﺪ�ﻳﺪﺤﺕ ﻲ�ﻓ ، ةﺄ�ﺸﻨﻤﻟا ، تﺎﻣﺪ�ﺨﻟا و ﺔﻄ�ﺸﻧﻷا ﻒﻴﻨ�ﺼﺕ وأ ﻊ�ﻴﻤﺠﺕ ﺪﻋﺎﺴﻳ نأ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ و . ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺐﻧاﻮﺠﻟا
ﻖﻓﺪ�ﺕ وأ ، ﺔ�ﻴﻓاﺮﻐﺠﻟا ﻊ�ﻗاﻮﻤﻟا وأ ، ةﺄ�ﺸﻨﻤﻟا تاﺪ�ﺡو ﻞ�ﺜﻣ ، ﺔآﺮﺘ�ﺸﻤﻟا ﺺﺉﺎ�ﺼﺨﻟا ﻲ�ﻠﻋ ﻒﻴﻨ�ﺼﺘﻟا وأ ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺘﻟا مﺎﻘﻳ و . ﺔﻬﺏﺎﺸﻤﻟا
، ءاﻮ�ﻬﻟا : لﺎﺜﻤﻟا ﻞﻴﺒﺳ ﻲﻠﻋ ) ﺮﺙﺄﺘﻤﻟا ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﻂﺳﻮﻟا وأ ، جﺎﺘﻧﻹا تﺎﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻗﺎﻄﻟا وأ داﻮﻤﻟا ماﺪﺨﺘﺳا وأ ، ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺘﻟا تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ
رﺪ�ﻘﻟﺎﺏ اﺮﻴﻐ�ﺻ ﻦ�ﻜﻟ و ، ﻲ�ﻨﻌﻣ يذ ﺎ�ﺼﺤﻓ ﺮﻓﻮ�ﻳ يﺬ�ﻟا رﺪ�ﻘﻟﺎﺏ اﺮ�ﻴﺒآ ﺔ�ﺌﻔﻟا ﻢﺠﺡ نﻮﻜﻳ ، ﺎﻳﺪﺠﻣ نﻮﻜﻳ ﻲﻜﻟ و و . ( ﺔﺏﺮﺘﻟا ، ءﺎﻤﻟا
. حﻮﺽﻮﺏ ﻢﻬﻔﻳ يﺬﻟا
14031 وﺰﻳأ ﺔﻔﺻاﻮﻣ ﺮﻈﻧأ تﺎﻣﺪﺨﻟا و تﺎﺠﺘﻨﻤﻟا و ﺔﻄﺸﻧﻷا تﺎﺌﻔﻟ ﺔﻠﺜﻣأ ﻲﻟإ عﻮﺟﺮﻠﻟ : ﺔﻈﺡﻼﻣ
ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺐﻥاﻮﺠﻟا ﺪیﺪﺤﺕ 3.1.3.4
و ﺎ�ﻬﺕﺎﺠﺘﻨﻣ و ﺎﻬﺘﻄ�ﺸﻧأ ﺐﺡﺎ�ﺼﺕ ﻲ�ﺘﻟا و ﺔ�ﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺎ�ﻬﺕرادإ ﺔ�ﻣﻮﻈﻨﻣ لﺎ�ﺠﻣ دوﺪ�ﺡ ﻲ�ﻓ ﺔ�ﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺐﻧاﻮﺠﻟا دﺪﺤﺕ نأ ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﻲﻠﻋ ﺐﺠﻳ
ﺎ�هرﺎﺒﺘﻋا ﻲ�ﻓ ةﺄ�ﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﺬ�ﺧﺄﺕ نأ ﺐ�ﺠﻳ لاﻮ�ﺡﻷا ﻊ�ﻴﻤﺟ ﻲ�ﻓ و . ﻼﺒﻘﺘ�ﺴﻣ ﻂ�ﻄﺨﻣ ﻮ�ه ﺎ�ﻤﻴﻓ و ﺮ�ﺽﺎﺤﻟا ﻲ�ﻓ و ﻲ�ﺽﺎﻤﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ
. ثداﻮﺤﻟا و ﺔﺉرﺎﻄﻟا فوﺮﻈﻟا و ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻠﻟ فﺎﻘﻳﻹا و ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺘﻟا ﺔﻠﻣﺎﺵ ﺔﻳدﺎﻌﻟا ﺮﻴﻏ و ﺔﻳدﺎﻌﻟا ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺘﻟا فوﺮﻇ
ﺐ�ﻧاﻮﺠﻟا ﻚ�ﻠﺕ ﺎ�هرﺎﺒﺘﻋا ﻲ�ﻓ ﺬﺧﺄﺕ نأ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ نﺈﻓ ، ةﺮﺵﺎﺒﻣ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻢﻜﺤﺘﺕ نأ ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺐﻧاﻮﺠﻟا ﻚﻠﺕ ﻲﻟإ ﺔﻓﺎﺽﻹﺎﺏ و
و تﺎ��ﺠﺘﻨﻤﻟﺎﺏ ﻖ��ﻠﻌﺘﺕ ﻲ� �ﺘﻟاﻚ� و�ﻠﺕ ةﺄ�� ﺸﻨﻤﻟاﺎﻬﻣﺪﺨﺘ�� ﻲ�ﺴﺕ �ﺘﻟاتﺎﻣﺪ�ﺨﻟا و تﺎ��ﺠﺘﻨﻤﻟﺎﺏ ﻖ��ﻠﻌﺘﻳ ﺎ� :�ﻣ ﻞ� �ﺜﻣ، ﺎ��ﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺮﺙﺆ� نأ�ﺕ ﻦ��ﻜﻤﻳ ﻲ�ﺘﻟا
و ﺔ�ﻴﻠﺤﻤﻟا ﻞﺉﺎ�ﺴﻤﻟا و ﺎﻬﺕﺎ�ﺳﺎﻴﺳ و ﺔﻴﻌﻳﺮ�ﺸﺘﻟا وأ ﺔ�ﻳﺪﻗﺎﻌﺘﻟا ﺔﻄﻠ�ﺴﻟا ﺎ�هرﺎﺒﺘﻋا ﻲ�ﻓ ﺬ�ﺧﺄﺕ نأ ةﺄ�ﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﻲ�ﻠﻋ . ﺎ�هﺮﻓﻮﺕ ﻲﺘﻟا تﺎﻣﺪﺨﻟا
ﺔﺒﺡ ﺎ�ﺼﻤﻟا ﺔ�ﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺐ�ﻧاﻮﺠﻟا ﻲ�ﻠﻋ ﺮﻴﺙﺄ�ﺘﻟا ﻲ�ﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﺕرﺪ�ﻗ ﻢﻴ�ﻴﻘﺕ ﺪ�ﻨﻋ ، ﺔ�ﻴﻨﻌﻤﻟا فاﺮ�ﻃﻷا ﻞ�ﺒﻗ ﺎﻬﺕﺎﻴﻟﻮﺌ�ﺴﻣ و ﺎ�ﻬﺕﺎﻣاﺰﺘﻟا و ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹا
ﺪ�ﻨﻋ لﺎ�ﺜﻤﻟا ﻞﻴﺒﺳ ﻲﻠﻋ و ، ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺎﻬﺉادأ ﻲﻠﻋ تﺎﺳﺎﻜﻌﻧﻹا ﻚﻟﺬآ ﺎهرﺎﺒﺘﻋا ﻲﻓ ﺬﺧﺄﺕ نأ ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﻲﻠﻋ و . ﺔﻣﺪﺧ وأ ﺞﺘﻨﻣ مأ طﺎﺸﻨﻟ
وأ نﻮﻟوﺎ� �ﻘﻣﺎ��هﻻﻮﺘﻳ ﻲ� �ﺘﻟاﺔﻄ��ﺸﻧﻷا رﺎ��ﺒﺘﻋﻻا ﻲ� ﺬ��ﻓ�ﺧﺆﺕ ﻲ� �ﺘﻟاتﻻﺎ��ﺤﻟا ﺔ��ﻠﺜﻣأ ﻦﻤ��ﻀﺘﺕ و . ةﺮ�� داﻮ�ﻄﺧ يﻮ��ﻣ� تﺎ�ﺘﺤﺕ� ءاﺮ�ﺠﺘﻨﻣ �ﺵ
ةدﺎ� �ﻋإو ماﺪﺨﺘ��ﺳﻻا و ﻞ��ﻘﻨﻟا و ، ﺔﻣﺪﺨﺘ��ﺴﻣ و ةدرّﻮ� ﻊﻠ��ﻣ �ﺳوأ داﻮ� وأ�ﻣ ، تﺎﻣﺪ� �وأ تﺎ�ﺧ � ﻢﻴﻤ�ﺠﺘﻨﻣ�ﺼﺕ وأ ، ﻦﻃﺎ� �ﺒﻟاﻦ� نﻮﻟوﺎ��ﻣ �ﻘﻣ
. قﻮﺴﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺔﻋزﻮﻣ تﺎﺠﺘﻨﻣ ﺮﻳوﺪﺕ ةدﺎﻋإ وأ ماﺪﺨﺘﺳﻻا
ﻞ�ﺜﻣ ﺎﻬﺕﺎﻣﺪ�ﺧ و ﺎﻬﺘﻄ�ﺸﻧأ ﺺﺉﺎ�ﺼﺧ ﻦ�ﻋ ﺔ�ﻴﻋﻮﻧ وأ / و ﺔ�ﻴﻤآ تﺎ�ﻧﺎﻴﺏ ﻊ�ﻤﺠﺕ نأ ةﺄ�ﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﻲ�ﻠﻋ ، ﺔ�ﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺐﻧاﻮﺠﻟا ﻢﻬﻓ و ﺪﻳﺪﺤﺘﻟ و
و ﻞ��ﻘﻨﻟا قﺮ� �و ،ﻃ ﻊ��ﻗاﻮﻤﻟا و تﻼﻴﻬ�� وﺴﺘﻟا ، ﺔﻣﺪﺨﺘ��ﺴﻤﻟا ﺎ�ﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻨﻜﺘﻟا و تﺎ�� ﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟاوأ ﺔ��ﻗﺎﻄﻟا وأ داﻮ��ﻤﻟا تﺎ��ﺟﺮﺨﻣ و تﻼﺧﺪ�ﻣ
:ﻦﻋ تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺕ ﺪﻴﻔﻤﻟا ﻦﻣ نﻮﻜﻳ ﻚﻟذ ﻲﻟإ ﺔﻓﺎﺽﻹﺎﺏ . ( ﻊﻤﺴﻟا وأ ﺮﺼﺒﻟا ﻒﻌﺽ : لﺎﺜﻤﻟا ﻞﻴﺒﺳ ﻲﻠﻋ ) ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟا ﻞﻣاﻮﻌﻟا
.ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻠﻟ ﺔﻨﻜﻤﻤﻟا وأ ﺔﻴﻠﻌﻔﻟا تاﺮﻴﻐﺘﻟا و ﺎﻬﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ و ﺎﻬﺕﺎﺠﺘﻨﻣ و ﺎﻬﺘﻄﺸﻧأ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﻦﻴﺏ ﺐﺒﺴﻟا و ﺮﺙﻷا تﺎﻗﻼﻋ .أ
.ﺔﻴﻨﻌﻤﻟا فاﺮﻃﻸﻟ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا تﺎﻣﺎﻤﺘهﻹا .ب
ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼﻟا تادﺎﺤﺕا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ وأ يﺮﺧﻷا تﺎﻔﺻاﻮﻤﻟا ﻲﻓ و ، ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟا ﺺﻴﺧاﺮﺘﻟا ﺢﺉاﻮﻠﻟا ﻲﻓ ةدﺪﺤﻤﻟا ﺔﻨﻜﻤﻤﻟا ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺐﻧاﻮﺠﻟا .ج
.ﺦﻟا. ﺔﻴﻤﻳدﺎآﻷا ﺰآاﺮﻤﻟا وأ
Official translation - ﺔﻴﻤﺳﺮﻟا ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺘﻟا
ﺔﻇﻮﻔﺤﻣ قﻮﻘﺤﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺟ © ISO 14004:2004
(ﺔﻴﻤﺳﺮﻟا ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺘﻟا) ISO 14004:2004وﺰﻳأ
ﻦ�ﻣ ﻢﻏﺮ�ﻟا ﻲ�ﻠﻋ و . ﺎﻬﺕﺎﻣﺪ�ﺧ و ﺎ�ﻬﺕﺎﺠﺘﻨﻣ و ةﺄ�ﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﺔﻄ�ﺸﻧﺄﺏ ﻦﻴ�ّﻤﻠﻤﻟا داﺮﻓﻷا ﺔآرﺎﺸﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺐﻧاﻮﺠ ﻟا ﺪﻳﺪﺤﺕ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺪﻴﻔﺴﺕ و
: ﻩرﺎﺒﺘﻋا ﻲﻓ ﺬﺧﺄﻳ نأ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ – لﺎﺜﻤﻟا ﻞﻴﺒﺳ ﻲﻠﻋ – رﺎﺘﺨﻤﻟا ﻪﺟﻮﺘﻟا نأ ﻻإ ، ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺐﻧاﻮﺠﻟا ﺪﻳﺪﺤﺘﻟ ﺪﻴﺡو ﻊﺟﻮﺕ دﻮﺟو مﺪﻋ
ﻮﺠﻟا ﻲﻟإ تﺎﺙﺎﻌﺒﻧﻻا —
ﻩﺎﻴﻤﻟا ﻲﻓ ﻒﻳﺮﺼﺘﻟا —
ﺔﺏﺮﺘﻟا ﻲﻓ ﻒﻳﺮﺼﺘﻟا —
(ءﺎﻤﻟا ماﺪﺨﺘﺳا ، ضرﻷا ماﺪﺨﺘﺳا : لﺎﺜﻤﻟا ﻞﻴﺒﺳ ﻲﻠﻋ) ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻃ دراﻮﻣ و ﺔﻴﻟوأ داﻮﻣ ماﺪﺨﺘﺳإ —
ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻟا / ﺔﻴﻠﺤﻤﻟا ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺎﻳﺎﻀﻘﻟا —
ﺔﻗﺎﻄﻟا ماﺪﺨﺘﺳإ —
( تازاﺰﺘهﻻا – عﺎﻌﺵﻹا – ةراﺮﺤﻟا : لﺎﺜﻤﻟا ﻞﻴﺒﺳ ﻲﻠﻋ ) ﺔﻗﺎﻄﻟا ثﺎﻌﺒﻧإ ــ
ﺔﻳﻮﻧﺎﺜﻟا تﺎﺠﺘﻨﻤﻟا و تﺎﻔﻠﺨﻤﻟا —
( ﺔﺌﻴﻬﻟا ، نﻮﻠﻟا ، ﻞﻜﺸﻟا ، ﻢﺠﺤﻟا : لﺎﺜﻤﻟا ﻞﻴﺒﺳ ﻲﻠﻋ ) ﺔﻴﺉﺎﻳﺰﻴﻔﻟا ﺺﺉﺎﺼﺨﻟا —
: ﻞﺜﻣ ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟا تﺎﻣﺪﺧ و تﺎﺠﺘﻨﻣ و ﺔﻄﺸﻧﺄﺏ ﺔﻠﺼﻟا تاذ ﺐﻧاﻮﺠﻟا رﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻا ﻲﻓ ﺬﺧﻷا ﻦﻴﻌﺘﻳ و
ﺮﻳﻮﻄﺘﻟا و ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺘﻟا —
جﺎﺘﻧﻹا تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ —
ﻞﻘﻨﻟا و ﺔﺌﺒﻌﺘﻟا —
ﻦﻳدرﻮﻤﻟا و ﻦﻴﻟوﺎﻘﻤﻟا تاﺮﺒﺧ و ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻟا ءادﻷا —
تﺎﻔﻠﺨﻤﻟا ةرادإ —
ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟا دراﻮﻤﻟا و مﺎﺨﻟا داﻮﻤﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺕ و صﻼﺨﺘﺳإ —
ﺔﻴﺡﻼﺼﻟا ﺔﻳﺎﻬﻧ و ماﺪﺨﺘﺳﻻا و ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﻟا —
. ﻲﺟﻮﻟﻮﻴﺒﻟا عﻮﻨﺘﻟا و ﺔﻳﺮﺒﻟا ةﺎﻴﺤﻟا —
ﺞﺘﻨﻤﻟا ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺕ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺐﻧاﻮﺠﻟا ﻦﻋ تادﺎﺵرﻼﻟ ISO/TR 14062 ﻰﻨﻔﻟا ﺮﻳﺮﻘﺘﻟا ﺮﻈﻧأ ﺔﻈﺡﻼﻣ
ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا رﺎﺙﻵا ﻢﻬﻔﺕ 4.1.3.4
ﻲ�ﻠﻋ و . تﺎ�ﻬﺟﻮﺘﻟا ﻦ�ﻣ ﺮ�ﻴﺜآ ﺮﻓﻮ�ﺘﺕ و . ﺎ�ﻬﺘﻴﻤهأ ﺮ�ﻳﺮﻘﺕ و ﺔ�ﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺐ�ﻧاﻮﺠﻟا ﺪ�ﻳﺪﺤﺕ ﺪﻨﻋ ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا رﺎﺙﻵا ﻢﻬﻔﺕ يروﺮﻀﻟا ﻦﻣ
. ﻪﻤﺉﻼﺕ ﺎﻣ رﺎﺘﺨﺕ نأ ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟا
ﻊﻴﻄﺘ�ﺴﺕ و ،تﺂ�ﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﺾ�ﻌﺏ ﺐ�ﺳﺎﻨﺕ نأ ﻦ�ﻜﻤﻳ ةﺄ�ﺸﻨﻤﻠ ﻟ ﺔ�ﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺐ�ﻧاﻮﺠﻠﻟ ﺔﺒﺡﺎ�ﺼﻤﻟا ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا رﺎﺙﻵا عاﻮﻧأ ﻦﻋ ةﺮﻓﻮﺘﻤﻟا تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻟا و
ﻦﻳزاﻮ�ﻣ وأ تﺎﺟﺮﺨﻤﻟا و تﻼﺧﺪﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﺤّﺽﻮﻤﻟا ﻖﻓﺪﺘﻟا ﻂﺉاﺮﺧ وأ ( ﺮﺙﻷا و ﺐﺒﺴﻟا ) ﻂﺉاﺮﺧ ماﺪﺨﺘﺳا رﺎﺘﺨﺕ نأ يﺮﺧﻷا تﺎﺌﺸﻨﻤﻟا
ﺔﻴﺕﺎﻴﺤﻟا ةروﺪﻟا تﺎﻤﻴﻴﻘﺕ وأ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا رﺎﺙﻵا تﺎﻤﻴﻴﻘﺕ ﻞﺜﻣ تﺎﻬﺟﻮﺘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻚﻟذ ﺮﻴﻏ وأ ، ﺔﻗﺎﻄﻟا / ﺔﻠﺘﻜﻟا
. 14043 وﺰﻳأ ،14042 وﺰﻳأ ، 14041 وﺰﻳأ ، 14040 وﺰﻳأ ﺮﻈﻧأ ﺔﻴﺕﺎﻴﺤﻟا ةروﺪﻟا تﺎﻤﻴﻴﻘﺕ ﻦﻋ تادﺎﺵرﻼﻟ : ﺔﻈﺡﻼﻣ
: ﻲﻠﻋ فّﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﻲﻠﻋ اردﺎﻗ رﺎﺘﺨﻤﻟا ﻪﺟﻮﺘﻟا نﻮﻜﻳ نأ ﻦﻴﻌﺘﻳ و
( ةرﺎﻀﻟا ) ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺴﻟا ﻚﻟﺬآ و (ةﺪﻴﻔﻤﻟا ) ﺔﺒﺟﻮﻤﻟا ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا رﺎﺙﻵا .أ
،ﺔﻠﻤﺘﺤﻤﻟا و ﺔﻴﻠﻌﻔﻟا ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا رﺎﺙﻵا .ب
ﺔﻴﻧاﻮﻴﺤﻟا ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﻤﻟا ،ﺔﻴﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟا ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﻤﻟا ، ﺔﺏﺮﺘﻟا ، ﻩﺎﻴﻤﻟا ، ءاﻮﻬﻟا ﻞﺜﻣ ، تﺮّﺙﺄﺕ ﺪﻗ نﻮﻜﺕ ﺪﻗ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﻦﻣ (ءاﺰﺟﻷا ) ءﺰﺠﻟا .ج
،ﺔﺏﺮﺘﻟا عاﻮﻧأ ، ءﺎﻤﻟا يﻮﺘﺴﻣ عﺎﻔﺕرا ، ﺔﻴﻠﺤﻤﻟا ﺲﻘﻄﻟا فوﺮﻇ ﻞﺜﻣ رﺎﺙﻵا ﻲﻠﻋ ﺮﺙﺆﻳ نأ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ يﺬﻟا ﻊﻗﻮﻤﻟا ﺺﺉﺎﺼﺧ .د
ةﺪ�ﺸﻟا ﻲ�ﻓ ﻲ�ﻤآاﺮﺘﻟا ﺮ�ﺙﻷا ﺔ�ﻗﺎﻃ ، ﺮ�ﺙﻷا ثوﺪﺡ ةﺮﺘﻓ لﻮﻃ و ﺔﻴﻠﺤﻤﻟا و ، ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻜﻟا ﻞﺉﺎﺴﻤﻟا ﻞﺜﻣ ) ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﻲﻓ تاﺮﻴﻐﺘﻟا ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻃ .ـه
( ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﺮﺒﻋ
Official translation - ﺔﻴﻤﺳﺮﻟا ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺘﻟا
ﺔﻇﻮﻔﺤﻣ قﻮﻘﺤﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺟ © ISO 14004:2004
(ﺔﻴﻤﺳﺮﻟا ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺘﻟا) ISO 14004:2004وﺰﻳأ
ﺔیﺮهﻮﺠﻟا ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺐﻥاﻮﺠﻟا ﺪیﺪﺤﺕ 5.1.3.4
و . ي ﺮ�ﺧﻷ ﺎ�ﻣﺎه ﺮ�ﺒﺘﻌﻳ ﻻ ﺪ�ﻗ ةﺄ�ﺸﻨﻤﻟ ﺎ�ﻣﺎه ﺮ�ﺒﺘﻌﻳ ﺎﻣ و . ﺔﻘﻠﻄﻣ تﺎﺤﻠﻄﺼﻤﺏ ﻪﻔﻳﺮﻌﺕ نﺎﻜﻣﻹﺎﺒﻓ ، ﻲﺒﺴﻧ مﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﺔﻴﻤهﻷا نإ
تاﺮ�ﺵﺆﻤﻟا ماﺪﺨﺘﺳﺎﺏ ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟﺎﺏ ﻦﻴﻌﺘﺴﺕ نأ مﺰﻠﻳ و . ﻢﻜﺤﻟا طﺎﺒﻨﺘﺳا و ﻲﻨﻘﺘﻟا ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺘﻟﺎﺏ ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﺔﻧﺎﻌﺘﺳا ﺔﻴﻤهﻷا ﻢﻴﻴﻘﺕ ﻦﻤﻀﺘﻳ
ﺮﻓﻮ�ﺕ تاﺮ�ﺵﺆﻤﻟا ﻚ�ﻠﺕ ﻞ�ﺜﻣ ﻖ�ﻴﺒﻄﺕ و ﻊ�ﺽو و . ﺔ�ﻣﺎه ﺮ�ﺒﺘﻌﺕ ﺔﺒﺡﺎﺼﻤﻟا ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا رﺎﺙﻵا و ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺐﻧاﻮﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ يأ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺘﻠﻟ
. ﺔﻴﻤهﻷا ﻢﻴﻴﻘﺕ ﻲﻓ ةدﺎﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻜﻣإ و مﺎﺠﺴﻧﻻا
: رﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻا ﻲﻓ ﻲﻠﻳ ﺎﻣ ﺬﺧأ ةﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟا ﻲﻠﻋ ﻦﻴﻌﺘﻳ ، ﺔﻴﻤهﻸﻟ تاﺮﺵﺆﻣ ﻊﺽو ﺪﻨﻋو
...
МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ ISO
СТАНДАРТ 14004
Второе издание
2004-12-15
Системы экологического менеджмента.
Общее руководство по принципам,
системам и методам обеспечения
функционирования
Environmental management systems - General guidelines on principles,
systems and support techniques
Ответственность за подготовку русской версии несѐт GOST R
(Российская Федерация) в соответствии со статьѐй 18.1 Устава ISO
Ссылочный номер
©
ISO 2004
Отказ от ответственности при работе в PDF
Настоящий файл PDF может содержать интегрированные шрифты. В соответствии с условиями лицензирования, принятыми
фирмой Adobe, этот файл можно распечатать или смотреть на экране, но его нельзя изменить, пока не будет получена
лицензия на установку интегрированных шрифтов в компьютере, на котором ведется редактирование. В случае загрузки
настоящего файла заинтересованные стороны принимают на себя ответственность за соблюдение лицензионных условий
фирмы Adobe. Центральный секретариат ISO не несет никакой ответственности в этом отношении.
Adobe - торговый знак фирмы Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Подробности, относящиеся к программным продуктам, использованным для создания настоящего файла PDF, можно найти в
рубрике General Info файла; параметры создания PDF были оптимизированы для печати. Были приняты во внимание все
меры предосторожности с тем, чтобы обеспечить пригодность настоящего файла для использования комитетами-членами
ISO. В редких случаях возникновения проблемы, связанной со сказанным выше, просьба проинформировать Центральный
секретариат по адресу, приведенному ниже.
ДОКУМЕНТ ЗАЩИЩЕН АВТОРСКИМ ПРАВОМ
© ISO 2004
Все права сохраняются. Если не указано иное, никакую часть настоящей публикации нельзя копировать или использовать в
какой-либо форме или каким-либо электронным или механическим способом, включая фотокопии и микрофильмы, без
предварительного письменного согласия ISO, которое должно быть получено после запроса о разрешении, направленного по
адресу, приведенному ниже, или в комитет-член ISO в стране запрашивающей стороны.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Опубликовано в Швейцарии
ii © ISO 2004 – Все права сохраняются
)
Содержание Страница
1 Область применения .1
2 Нормативные ссылки .1
3 Термины и определения .1
4 Элементы системы экологического менеджмента .5
4.1 Общие положения .5
4.2 Экологическая политика .9
4.3 Планирование . 11
4.4 Внедрение и функционирование. 22
4.5 Контроль . 33
4.6 Анализ со стороны руководства . 37
Приложение А (информативное) Примеры взаимосвязи между элементами системы
экологического менеджмента . 40
Библиография . 45
iii
Предисловие
Международная организация по стандартизации (ISO) является всемирной федерацией национальных
организаций по стандартизации (комитетов-членов ISO). Разработка международных стандартов
обычно осуществляется техническими комитетами ISO. Каждый комитет-член, заинтересованный в
деятельности, для которой был создан технический комитет, имеет право быть представленным в
этом комитете. Международные правительственные и неправительственные организации, имеющие
связи с ISO, также принимают участие в работах. ISO работает в тесном сотрудничестве с
Международной электротехнической комиссией (IEC) по всем вопросам стандартизации в области
электротехники.
Международные стандарты разрабатываются в соответствии с правилами, установленными в
Директивах ISO/IEC, Часть 3.
Основная задача технических комитетов состоит в подготовке международных стандартов. Проекты
международных стандартов, одобренные техническими комитетами, рассылаются комитетам-членам
на голосование. Их опубликование в качестве международных стандартов требует одобрения, по
меньшей мере, 75 % комитетов-членов, принимающих участие в голосовании.
Следует иметь в виду, что некоторые элементы данной части ISO 16065 могут быть объектом
патентных прав. Организация ISO не должна нести ответственность за идентификацию какого-либо
одного или всех патентных прав.
ISO 14004 был подготовлен Техническим комитетом ISO/TC 207, Менеджмент окружающей среды,
Подкомитетом SC 1, Системы экологического менеджмента.
Это второе издание аннулирует и заменяет первое издание (ISO 14004:1996), которое было
технически пересмотрено.
iv
)
Введение
По мере того, как растет озабоченность сохранением и улучшением качества окружающей среды,
организации всех типов и масштабов все большее внимание обращают на уровень влияния своей
деятельности, продукции или услуг на окружающую среду. Экологическая результативность
организации приобретает все большее значение для внутренних и внешних заинтересованных сторон.
Для достижения высокой экологической результативности организация должна реализовывать
(обеспечивать) системный подход к своей деятельности и постоянно улучшать систему экологического
менеджмента (далее СЭМ=EMS).
Основная цель настоящего международного стандарта - оказать помощь организациям, которые
намерены внедрить или улучшить систему экологического менеджмента, повышая тем самым свою
экологическую результативность. Положения настоящего стандарта совместимы с концепцией
устойчивого развития, культурными, социальными и организационными аспектами и другими
системами менеджмента.
Настоящий международный стандарт может быть использован организацией любого типа, масштаба и
уровня зрелости, действующей в различных секторах экономики в любой стране земного шара. В
стандарте также учтены особые потребности и стремление малых и средних предприятий
использовать системы экологического менеджмента.
Настоящий международный стандарт входит в серию стандартов по экологическому менеджменту,
созданных на основе соответствующих международных стандартов, разработанных Техническим
комитетом ISO/TC 207. В этой серии только ISO 14001 содержит требования, которые могут быть
объективно проверены для целей сертификации/регистрации или для целей самодекларации.
Настоящий стандарт содержит примеры, описания и варианты, которые помогут как при внедрении
системы экологического менеджмента, так и в усилении позиций этой системы в системе общего
менеджмента организации. Хотя руководящие указания, приведенные в настоящем международном
стандарте, соответствуют модели системы экологического менеджмента, установленной в ISO 14001,
их не следует рассматривать как интерпретацию требований ISO 14001. Для упрощения
использования подразделы раздела 4 ISO 14004 имеют нумерацию, аналогичную ISO 14001. Однако в
случаях, когда необходимы более подробные или дополнительные указания для эффективного
внедрения системы экологического менеджмента оказалось полезным ввести дополнительные
подпункты (например, 4.3.1.1 или 4.3.3.3). Кроме настоящего международного стандарта и ISO 14001, в
серию стандартов по экологическому менеджменту входят другие стандарты, реализующие прямое
применение соответствующих международных стандартов, разработанных Техническим комитетом
ISO/TC 207. Описание и справочную информацию о международных стандартах серии 14000 можно
найти в публикации ISO Международные стандарты ISO серии 14000 (The ISO 14000 Family of
International Standards).
В настоящем стандарте описаны элементы системы экологического менеджмента и приведены
практические рекомендации по разработке, внедрению и поддерживанию функционирования или
улучшению EMS. Такая система может существенно повысить возможности организации
прогнозировать, идентифицировать и управлять влиянием на окружающую среду, достигать
экологических целей и обеспечить соответствие применимым законодательным и другим требованиям,
которые организация обязалась выполнять.
Примеры и подходы, приведенные в настоящем стандарте, носят иллюстративный характер. Их не
следует считать единственно возможными, но они могут оказаться полезными для любой организации.
При проектировании, внедрении или улучшении системы экологического менеджмента организациям
следует выбирать подходы, которые соответствуют возможностям самой организации. Экологический
менеджмент является составной частью общего менеджмента организации. Проектирование системы
экологического менеджмента – последовательный и интерактивный процесс. Структура,
ответственность, практические методы, процедуры, процессы и ресурсы для внедрения экологической
политики, целей и задач могут быть скоординированы с усилиями, реализуемыми в других областях
(например, технологические операции, финансы, качество, здоровье и безопасность персонала).
v
Для упрощения понимания настоящий международный стандарт содержит параграфы, обозначенные
как “практический совет” и “общие указания”, приводимые отдельно и заключенные в рамки.
Ключевыми задачами для руководящего состава (менеджеров) при разработке, внедрении,
поддерживании функционирования или улучшения системы экологического менеджмента являются
следующие:
признание факта, что экологический менеджмент является одним из главных приоритетов
организации;
разработка и поддерживание обмена информацией и конструктивное сотрудничество с
внутренними и внешними заинтересованными сторонами;
идентификация экологических аспектов деятельности, продукции и услуг организации;
идентификация законодательных и других требований, относящихся к экологическим аспектам
организации, которые организация обязалась выполнять;
обеспечение согласия со стороны руководства и всех лиц, работающих для организации или по
ее поручению, в отношении охраны окружающей среды, с четким установлением, а также
выполнением ими требований отчетности и ответственности;
поощрение экологического планирования на протяжении всего жизненного цикла продукции или услуг;
разработка процессов достижения экологических целей и выполнения экологических задач;
обеспечение необходимыми и достаточными ресурсами, в том числе с целью обучения, для
обеспечения соответствия законодательным и другим требованиям, которые организация
обязалась выполнять, для достижения экологических целей и выполнения экологических задач
на постоянной основе;
оценка экологической результативности, исходя из экологической политики организации, ее
целей и задач и, где это применимо, поиск возможности улучшения;
разработка процесса менеджмента, включая проведение аудита и анализа системы
экологического менеджмента, а также идентификация возможности улучшения системы и,
соответственно, повышения экологической результативности, а также
поощрение подрядчиков и поставщиков при разработке собственных систем экологического
менеджмента.
Организации могут использовать настоящий международный стандарт или другие соответствующие
документы ISO различным образом, например:
как руководство по разработке, внедрению, поддерживанию или улучшению системы
экологического менеджмента с учетом того, что настоящий стандарт не может быть
использован в целях самодекларации или других целях в области оценки соответствия, а также
для помощи при внедрении или улучшении системы экологического менеджмента.
Выбор способа использования зависит от таких факторов как
цели организации;
уровень готовности систем менеджмента организации (т.е. имеет ли организация систему
менеджмента, способную поддержать включение в нее экологической составляющей);
возможные преимущества и недостатки, определяемые такими факторами, как существующее
и ожидаемое положение организации на рынке, репутация, внешние связи и мнения
заинтересованных сторон, а также
размеры организации.
vi
Внедрение эффективной системы экологического менеджмента поможет организации избежать, снизить или
)
контролировать негативные воздействия на окружающую среду ее деятельности, продукции и услуг, достичь
соответствия приемлемым законодательным и другим требованиям, которые организация обязалась
выполнять, а также постоянно улучшать экологическую результативность.
Наличие системы экологического менеджмента может помочь организации убедить заинтересованные
стороны в том, что:
руководство организации выполняет обязательства по реализации экологической политики,
достижению поставленных экологических целей и выполнению экологических задач;
особая значимость придается предотвращению загрязнений окружающей среды;
данная система является свидетельством оправданной работы об обеспечении соответствия
принятым обязательствам;
в проект системы заложен процесс последовательного улучшения.
Внедрение системы экологического менеджмента может принести также экономические выгоды.
Организация, включившая в систему общего менеджмента систему экологического менеджмента, имеет
возможность сбалансировать экономические и экологические интересы. Экономические выгоды могут быть
также обусловлены тем, что организация получает возможность демонстрировать заинтересованным
сторонам свою деятельность в области экологического менеджмента. Это также позволяет организации
связать экологические цели и задачи с конкретными финансовыми результатами своей деятельности и тем
самым подтвердить, что если одновременно учитывать финансовые и экологические вопросы, то
предоставляемые ресурсы принесут наибольшую выгоду. Организация, внедрившая систему экологического
менеджмента, может получить важные конкурентные преимущества.
В дополнение к потенциальным выгодам, связанным с внедрением эффективной системы
экологического менеджмента, помимо повышения экологической результативности можно отнести:
предоставление потребителям свидетельства о реализации системы экологического менеджмента;
поддерживание хороших взаимоотношений с общественностью;
соответствие критериям инвесторов и повышение возможностей кредитования;
заключение договоров страхования при разумном уровне затрат;
улучшения репутации и позиции на рынке;
усиление контроля за издержками;
уменьшение вероятности несчастных случаев, приводящих к судебной ответственности;
снижение потребления материалов и энергии;
облегчение получения разрешений от уполномоченных органов при обеспечении соответствия
их требованиям;
содействия распространению экологических знаний среди поставщиков, подрядчиков и всех
лиц, работающих для организации или по ее поручению;
стимулирование разработок и поиска решений экологических проблем и
улучшение отношения между промышленностью и правительством.
vii
МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ СТАНДАРТ ISO 14004:2004(R)
Системы экологического менеджмента. Общее руководство
по принципам, системам и методам обеспечения
функционирования
1 Область применения
Настоящий международный стандарт представляет собой руководство по разработке, внедрению,
обеспечению функционирования и улучшению систем экологического менеджмента при координации
этой деятельности с другими системами менеджмента.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ Хотя данная система не распространяется на менеджмент охраны здоровья и безопасности
труда, руководство может быть использовано, если организация намерена внедрить систему менеджмента,
объединяющую вопросы экологии, охраны здоровья и безопасности труда.
Руководящие указания, изложенные в настоящем стандарте, могут быть использованы организациями
любого типа, масштаба, местоположения или уровня зрелости.
Хотя руководящие указания, изложенные в настоящем международном стандарте, согласуются с
моделью системы экологического менеджмента, приведенной в ISO 14001, их не предполагается
использовать как интерпретацию требований ISO 14001.
2 Нормативные ссылки
Нормативные ссылки отсутствуют. Настоящий раздел включен с целью сохранения нумерации пунктов
предыдущего издания стандарта (ISO 14004:1996).
3 Термины и определения
В настоящем стандарте применены следующие термины и определения:
3.1
аудитор
auditor
лицо, обладающее компетентностью для проведения аудита (проверки).
[ISO 19000:2000, 3.9.9]
3.2
постоянное улучшение
continual improvement
повторяющийся процесс совершенствования системы экологического менеджмента (3.9) с целью
улучшения общей экологической результативности (3.11) в соответствии с экологической
политикой (3.20) организации (3.13)
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ Этот процесс не обязательно проходит одновременно во всех сферах деятельности.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.2]
3.3
коррекция
correction
действие, предпринятое для устранения обнаруженного несоответствия (3.18)
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ Определение соответствует приведенному в ISO 9000:2000, 3.6.6.
3.4
корректирующее действие
corrective action
действие, устраняющее причины выявленного несоответствия (3.18)
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.3]
3.5
документ
document
информация, приведенная на соответствующем носителе
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ 1 Носитель может быть бумажным, магнитным, электронным или оптическим компьютерным
диском, фотографией или эталонным образцом, или их комбинацией.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ 2 Определение соответствует приведенному в ISO 9000:2000, 3.7.2.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.4]
3.6
окружающая среда
environment
окружение, в котором функционирует организация (3.20), включая воздух, воду, землю, природные
ресурсы, флору, фауну, людей в их взаимодействии
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ Понятие окружение в данном контексте распространяется на среду в пределах от организации
(3.20) до глобальной системы.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.5]
3.7
экологический аспект
environmental aspect
элемент деятельности организации (3.20), ее продукции или услуг, который может взаимодействовать
с окружающей средой (3.6)
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ Значимый экологический аспект оказывает или может оказать значительное воздействие на
окружающую среду (3.8).
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.6]
3.8
воздействие на окружающую среду
environmental impact
любое изменение в окружающей среде (3.6) отрицательного или положительного характера,
полностью или частично являющееся результатом экологических аспектов (3.7) организации (3.20)
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.7]
3.9
система экологического менеджмента
EMS
environmental management system
EMS
часть системы менеджмента организации (3.20), используемая для разработки и внедрения
экологической политики (3.13) и управления ее экологическими аспектами (3.7)
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ 1 Система менеджмента представляет собой совокупность взаимосвязанных элементов,
используемых для установления политики и целей и достижения этих целей.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ 2 Система менеджмента включает в себя организационную структуру, деятельность по
планированию, распределение ответственности, практики, процедуры (3.23), процессы и ресурсы.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.8]
3.10
экологическая цель
environmental objective
общая экологическая установка к действию, согласующаяся с экологической политикой (3.13),
которую организация (3.20) решила достигнуть
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.9]
3.11
экологическая результативность
environmental performance
измеряемые организацией (3.20) результаты управления своими экологическими аспектами (3.7)
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ В контексте систем экологического менеджмента (3.9) результаты могут быть измерены в
отношении реализации экологической политики (3.13) организации (3.20), достижения экологических целей
(3.10), выполнения экологических задач (3.14) и других требований к экологической результативности.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.10]
3.12
показатель экологической результативности
environmental performance indicator
EPI
конкретное выражение, содержащее информацию об экологической результативности (3.11)
организации (3.20)
[ISO 14031:1999, 2.10]
3.13
экологическая политика
environmental policy
официальное заявление высшего руководства организации (3.20) об основных намерениях и
направлениях деятельности в отношении экологической результативности (3.11)
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ Экологическая политика определяет рамки для действий и служит основой для постановки
экологических целей (3.10) и экологических задач (3.14).
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.11]
3.14
экологическая задача
environmental target
детализированное требование к результативности, применимое к организации (3.20) или ее частям,
вытекающее из экологических целей (3.10), которое следует установить и выполнить для достижения
этих целей
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.12]
3.15
заинтересованная сторона
interested party
лицо или группа лиц, заинтересованные в экологической результативности (3.11), или на которых
может влиять экологическая результативность организации (3.20)
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.13]
3.16
внутренний аудит
internal audit
систематический, независимый и документированный процесс получения свидетельств аудита, а
также его объективной оценки для определения степени, в которой выполняются критерии аудита
системы экологического менеджмента, установленные организацией (3.20)
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ Во многих случаях, в частности в малых организациях, независимость аудита может быть
продемонстрирована отсутствием ответственности за проверяемую деятельность.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.14]
3.17
показатель результативности менеджмента
management performance indicator
ПРМ
MPI
показатель экологической результативности (3.12), содержащий информацию о результатах
работы менеджмента (руководства организации) в отношении его влияния на экологическую
результативность (3.11) организации (3.20)
[ISO 14031:1999, 2.10.1]
3.18
несоответствие
nonconformity
невыполнение установленного требования
[ISO 9000:2000, 3.6.2]
3.19
показатель результативности функционирования
operational performance indicator
ПРФ
OPI
показатель экологической результативности (3.12), содержащий в себе информацию об экологической
результативности (3.11) функционирования организации (3.20)
[ISO 14031:2000, 2.10.2]
3.20
организация
organization
компания, корпорация, фирма, предприятие, орган власти, учреждение либо их часть, либо
комбинация частей, официально учрежденные или нет, государственные или частные, выполняющие
собственные функции и имеющие свой административный аппарат
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ Для организаций, состоящих из нескольких подразделений, каждое подразделение может быть
определено как организация.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.16]
3.21
предупреждающее действие
preventive action
действие, устраняющее причины потенциально возможного несоответствия (3.18)
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.17]
3.22
предотвращение загрязнения
prevention of pollution
использование процессов, практических методов, технических решений, материалов, продукции, услуг
или энергии с целью избежать, уменьшить или контролировать (отдельно или в комбинации)
образование, выброс или сброс любого типа загрязняющего вещества или отходов уменьшения
негативных воздействий на окружающую среду (3.8)
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ Предотвращение загрязнения может включать в себя устранение или уменьшение источника
(загрязнения), изменение процесса, продукции или услуг, эффективное использование ресурсов, замену
используемых материалов и видов энергии, повторное использование, восстановление, вторичную переработку,
утилизацию и очистку.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.18]
3.23
процедура
procedure
установленный способ выполнения какой-либо деятельности или процесса
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ 1 Процедура может быть документированной или недокументированной.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ 2 Соответствует определению ISO 9000:2000, 3.4.5.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.19]
3.24
запись
record
документ (3.5), в котором зафиксированы полученные результаты или содержащий свидетельство
выполнения какой-либо деятельности.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ Соответствует определению ISO 9000:2000, 3.7.6.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.20]
4 Элементы системы экологического менеджмента
4.1 Общие положения
4.1.1 Модель системы экологического менеджмента
Система экологического менеджмента, детально рассматриваемая в настоящем международном
стандарте, использует модель менеджмента «Планирование – Выполнение – Контроль – Действие»
(Plan-Do-Check-Act=PDCA). Модель системы экологического менеджмента и осуществляемый процесс
ее постоянного улучшения изображены на Рисунке 1. Более детальная информация о модели PDCA
приведена далее в практическом совете – Модель системы экологического менеджмента.
Рисунок 1 – Модель системы экологического менеджмента
Систему экологического менеджмента лучше всего рассматривать как организационную структуру,
которую следует непрерывно подвергать мониторингу и периодически анализировать для определения
эффективных направлений совершенствования с учетом изменения внешних и внутренних факторов.
Персоналу всех уровней (управления) организации следует в соответствии с занимаемой должностью
принять на себя ответственность за работу по улучшению экологического состояния.
Если система экологического менеджмента создается впервые, организации следует начать
внедрение с той части, где она получить очевидные выгоды от этого, например, сосредоточиться на
непосредственном снижении затрат или обеспечении выполнения требований законодательных и
нормативных актов, связанных со значимыми экологическими аспектами. После того как система
экологического менеджмента приобретет законченную форму, ее процедуры, программы и технологии
могут использоваться для дальнейшего повышения экологической результативности организации. Как
только система экологического менеджмента достигнет достаточно высокого уровня, рассмотрение
экологических аспектов может быть интегрировано с решением любых хозяйственных вопросов.
Практический совет. Модель системы экологического менеджмента
PDCA – это постоянно выполняемый итеративный процесс, позволяющий организации создать, внедрить
экологическую политику (см. 4.2), основанную на лидерстве высшего руководства и его обязательствах в
отношении системы экологического менеджмента (см. 4.1.2). После того как организация оценит свою позицию
в отношении охраны окружающей среды (см. 4.1.4), предпринимают следующие шаги:
а) Планирование: внедрить постоянно действующий процесс планирования (см. 4.3),
позволяющего организации:
1) идентифицировать экологические аспекты и связанные с ними воздействия на окружающую
среду (см. 4.3.1);
2) идентифицировать и осуществлять мониторинг выполнения применяемых законодательных
и других требований, которые организация обязалась выполнять; сформировать, по
возможности, внутренние критерии результативности (см. 4.3.2);
3) установить экологические цели и задачи, а также разработать программу(ы) по их
достижению и выполнению (см. 4.3.3.1 и 4.3.3.2) и
4) разработать и использовать показатели результативности (см. 4.3.3.3);
b) Выполнение: внедрить и обеспечить функционирование системы экологического менеджмента (см. 4.4):
1) создать структуру менеджмента (управления), распределить обязанности, установить
ответственность и наделить достаточными полномочиями;
2) предусмотреть необходимые ресурсы (см. 4.4.1);
3) обучить (подготовить) персонал, работающий для организации или по ее поручению, и
обеспечить его осведомленность и компетентность (см. 4.4.2);
4) разработать процессы внутреннего и внешнего об мена информацией (см. 4.4.3);
5) разработать и поддерживать ведение документов (см. 4.4.4);
6) создать и внедрить управление документами (см. 4.4.5);
7) создать и внедрить управление операциями (см. 4.4.6);
8) обеспечить подготовленность персонала и возможности возникновения нештатных ситуаций
и аварий и к выполнению соответствующих ответных действий (см. 4.4.7);
с) Контроль: оценивать процессы системы экологического менеджмента (см. 4.5);
1) проводить текущий мониторинг и измерения (см. 4.5.1);
2) оценивать ситуацию с обеспечением соответствия (см. 4.5.2);
3) идентифицировать несоответствия, выполнять необходимые корректирующие и
предупреждающие действия (см. 4.5.3);
4) управлять записями (см. 4.5.4);
5) периодически проводить внутренние аудиты (см. 4.5.5);
d) Действие: анализировать положение и предпринимать действия по совершенствованию
системы экологического менеджмента (см. 4.6);
1) проводить анализ системы экологического менеджмента со стороны руководства через
определенные промежутки времени (см. 4.6.1);
2) идентифицировать возможные области улучшения (см. 4.6.2).
Реализация этого процесса позволит организации последовательно улучшать систему
экологического менеджмента и общую экологическую результативность.
4.1.2 Обязательства и лидерство высшего руководства
Для успешного внедрения системы экологического менеджмента на ранней стадии ее разработки или
совершенствования необходимо, чтобы высшее руководство организации приняло на себя
обязательство по улучшению экологического менеджмента деятельности организации, ее продукции и
услуг. Постоянное выполнение этого обязательства и лидерство высшего руководства являются
главным условием успешной работы системы экологического менеджмента. Идентификация выгод,
которые может принести система экологического менеджмента, а также определение того, каким
образом и чего при создании системы экологического менеджмента можно избежать, могут помочь
высшему руководству в решении о принятии на себя обязательств и функций лидерства в
предпринимаемых ими действиях.
4.1.3 Область применения системы экологического менеджмента
Высшему руководству следует определить область применения системы экологического менеджмента
в организации. Это означает, что высшему руководству необходимо определить границы области
деятельности организации, в которых будет использоваться система экологического менеджмента,
всю деятельность, продукцию и услуги, входящие в эту область, следует включить в систему
экологического менеджмента организации.
4.1.4 Анализ исходного экологического состояния
Организации, еще не внедрившей систему экологического менеджмента, следует оценить и
проанализировать свою деятельность в отношении окружающей среды. Целью такого анализа
является рассмотрение экологических аспектов деятельности организации, продукции и услуг как
основы для создания системы экологического менеджмента.
Организация, уже внедрившая систему экологического менеджмента, такой анализ должна проводить
в случае, если она намерена улучшить имеющуюся систему экологического менеджмента.
В анализ исходного экологического состояния следует включать следующие четыре ключевые области:
а) идентификацию экологических аспектов, включая аспекты, связанные с нормальными и
аномальными условиями функционирования организации, включая процессы запуска и останова
оборудования, нештатные ситуации и аварии;
b) идентификацию применимых законодательных и других требований, которые организация
обязалась выполнять;
с) изучение существующей практики работ и процедур экологического менеджмента, включая те,
которые связаны с деятельностью по закупкам и контрактам;
d) оценку случившихся ранее нештатных ситуаций и аварий.
Данный анализ может включать в себя также рассмотрение дополнительных вопросов, таких как:
оценка результативности путем сравнения с применяемыми внутренними критериями, внешними
стандартами, регламентами, кодексами установившейся практики, принципами и руководящими указаниями;
оценка возможности получения конкурентных преимуществ, включая возможности сокращения затрат;
мнения заинтересованных сторон;
оценка работы других систем организации, которые могут ускорить или затормозить повышение
экологической результативности.
Результаты анализа могут быть использованы организацией при определении области применения
системы экологического менеджмента, в разработке или уточнении экологической политики,
постановке экологических целей и задач, а также для определения результативности поддерживания
соответствия применимым законодательным и другим требованиям, которые организация обязалась
выполнить.
Практический совет. Анализ исходного экологического состояния
Методы, используемые при анализе существующей практики и процедур экологического
менеджмента, включают в себя:
а) опросы лиц, ранее работавших или работающих для организации или по ее поручению с целью
определения области деятельности организации, ее продукции, услуг в прошлом и настоящем;
b) оценку внешнего и внутреннего обмена информацией с заинтересованными сторонами,
включая жалобы, а также других действий, связанных с выполнением применимых
законодательных или других требований, которые организация обязалась выполнять,
предшествующих инцидентам и авариям, прямо или косвенно связанным с воздействием на
окружающую среду.
с) сбор информации в отношении:
1) процессов контроля закупаемых опасных химических веществ;
2) хранения и обращения с химическими веществами (например, повторное использование,
сохранение, хранение несовместимых химических веществ);
3) контроля случайных выбросов;
4) способов размещения отходов;
5) подготовленности персонала к нештатным ситуациям и средств защиты;
6) использования ресурсов (например, использование освещения в офисах после окончания рабочего дня);
7) защиты растений и животных во время строительства;
8) изменений процессов во времени (например, изменения в модели севооборота, влияющие
на попадание удобрений в водоемы);
9) программ экологического обучения;
10) анализа и утверждения процессов для процедур управления операциями;
11) полноты записей при мониторинге и/или возможности доступа к старым записям.
Анализ может быть проведен с помощью контрольных листков, карт процессов, опросов,
непосредственного наблюдения, результатов прошлых и текущих измерений, а также предыдущих
аудитов или других анализов в зависимости от области деятельности организации, ее продукции,
услуг. Результаты анализа, включая ее экологическую политику, следует документировать так,
чтобы их можно было использовать при установлении области применения системы в процессе
разработки и совершенствования системы экологического менеджмента организации.
4.2 Экологическая политика
Экологическая политика устанавливает принципы работы организации в части ее взаимодействия с
окружающей средой. Она устанавливает уровень экологической ответственности и результативности,
требуемой от организации; по этому уровню будут оцениваться все последующие действия
организации. В экологическую политику должна входить связь с воздействиями на окружающую среду
деятельности организации, ее продукции и услуг (в рамках определенной области применения
системы экологического менеджмента). Экологическую политику следует применять как руководство в
процессе постановки экологических целей и задач.
Увеличивается число международных организаций, включая правительственные организации,
промышленные ассоциации и общественные группы, разрабатывающих руководящие принципы своей
деятельности. Такие руководящие принципы помогают организациям определить масштабы своих
обязательств в отношении окружающей среды. Они также содействуют тому, что различные
организации используют общие для всех ценности. Подобные руководящие принципы помогают
организации разработать экологическую политику, которая будет индивидуальной для любой
организации. Ответственность за установление экологической политики несет высшее руководство
организации. Экологическая политика может быть включена или объединена с другими политическими
документами организации. Руководство (менеджмент) организации отвечает за внедрение
экологической политики, а также за подготовку исходной информации для формулирования ее
изменений. С экологической политикой следует ознакомить всех лиц, работающих в организации
должна быть доступна общественности (см. 4.4.3.2).
При разработке экологической политики организации следует рассмотреть:
а) миссию организации, видение перспектив, основные ценности и убеждения;
b) координацию с другими политиками организации (например, в области качества, охраны здоровья
и безопасности труда);
с) требования заинтересованных сторон и обмен информацией с ними;
d) руководящие принципы;
е) специфические местные или региональные условия;
f) обязательства в отношении предотвращения загрязнений и последовательного улучшения
системы экологического менеджмента;
g) обязательства в отношении соблюдения законодательных и других требований, которые
организация обязалась выполнять.
Практический совет. Экологическая политика
В экологической политике следует исходить из того факта, что вся деятельность, продукция и
услуги в определенной области применения системы экологического менеджмента организации
могут оказывать воздействия на окружающую среду.
Поэтому основные положения экологической политики зависят от области деятельности
организации. В экологической политике, помимо прочего, следует также установить обязательства
организации в отношении:
а) соблюдения применимых к ее экологическим аспектам законодательных и других требований,
которые организация обязалась выполнять, или достижения лучших результатов по сравнению
с предъявляемыми требованиями;
b) предотвращения загрязнения (см. Практический совет. Предотвращение загрязнения);
с) постоянного улучшения экологической деятельности путем разработки процедур и
соответствующих показателей экологической результативности.
Экологическая политика может также включать в себя другие обязательства в отношении:
d) минимизации любых значимых негативных воздействий на окружающую среду в результате
внедрения новых разработок путем использования интегрированных процедур и планирования
системы экологического менеджмента;
е) проектирования продукции с учетом ее экологических аспектов;
f) стремления к лидирующему положению организации в области экологического менеджмента.
Практический совет. Предотвращение загрязнения
Вопрос о предотвращении загрязнений может рассматриваться как на стадии проектирования и
разработки новой продукции и услуг, так и при разработке соответствующих процессов. Такая
стратегия помогает организации экономить ресурсы, сокращать количество получаемых отходов,
выбросов, сбросов, связанных с продукцией и услугами (Руководство по проектированию продукции
и соответствующие методы приведены ISO/TR 14082.
Сокращение числа источников выбросов, сбросов может стать наиболее эффективным методом,
позволяющим получить двойную выгоду: исключить получение отходов, выбросов и сбросов и
одновременно сократить потребление ресурсов. Однако по различным причинам некоторые
организации не могут реализовать предотвращение загрязнений путем сокращения числа
источников. В подобных случаях организации следует рассмотреть возможность использования
иерархического подхода к предотвращению загрязнения. При использовании такого подхода
предпочтение следует отдать предотвращению загрязнения непосредственно на уровне самого
источника, что может быть выражено в виде:
а) сокращения числа источников или их исключения (путем использования экологически
благоприятного проектирования и разработок, замены материалов, внесения изменений в
процесс, продукцию или технологию и эффективного использования и сбережения энергии и
материальных ресурсов);
b) внутреннего повторного использования или рециклинга (повторного использования или
рециклинга материалов внутри процесса или установки);
с) внешнего повторного использования или рециклинга (путем передачи материалов за пределы
производственной площадки для повторного использования или рециклинга);
d) восстановления или очистки (путем переработки отходов на производственной площадке или
за ее пределами, очистки выбросов и сбросов на производственной площадке или за ее
пределами для снижения их негативного воздействия на окружающую среду);
е) использования таких механизмов регулирования, как сжигание или контролируемое
размещение отходов (на свалке), если это допустимо. Однако организация может использовать
такие методы только после того, как были рассмотрены другие методы.
4.3 Планирование
Общие указания. Планирование
Планирование является самым важным фактором реализации организацией своей экологической политики, а
также создания, внедрения и поддерживания функционирования системы экологического менеджмента.
Процесс планирования должен включать в себя следующие элементы:
а) идентификацию экологических аспектов и определение самых значимых из них;
b) идентификацию применимых законодательных требований и других требований, которые
организация обязалась выполнять;
с) установление внутренних критериев результативности, если это необходимо;
d) постановку экологических целей и задач и разработку программы (программ) по достижению
этих целей и выполнению задач.
Таким образом, процесс планирования может помочь организации сосредоточить основные
ресурсы в тех областях, которые наиболее важны для достижения поставленных целей. Данные,
полученные в процессе планирования, могут быть также использованы при разработке или
совершенствовании других элементов системы экологического менеджмента, таких, как подготовка
(обучение) кадров, управление операциями, мониторинг и измерения.
Планирование – постоянный процесс, который реализуется при разработке и внедрении элементов
системы экологического менеджмента для их поддерживания и улучшения с учетом изменяющихся
обстоятельств, а также «входов» и «выходов», системы экологического менеджмента. В процессе
планирования организации следует рассмотреть вопрос о том, каким образом следует измерять и
оценивать результативность в отношении выполнения обязательств, определенных экологической
политикой, достижения целей и выполнения задач, а также соблюдения других критериев
результативности. Один из подходов, который может оказаться полезным, заключается в
установлении показателей результативности в процессе планирования.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ Руководство по показателям результативности и их оценке приведено в 4.3.3.3 и 4.5.1
настоящего международного стандарта и ISO 14031.
4.3.1 Экологические аспекты
4.3.1.1 Общие представления
Эффективная система экологического менеджмента начинается с понимания того, как организация
может взаимодействовать с окружающей средой (см. 4.3.1.2). Элементы деятельности организации,
продукции и услуг, которые могут взаимодействовать с окружающей средой, называют экологическими
аспектами. Примерами являются сбросы, выбросы в атмосферу, рас
...




















Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.
Loading comments...