ISO 18435-1:2009

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 18435-1
First edition
2009-08-15

Industrial automation systems and
integration — Diagnostics, capability
assessment and maintenance
applications integration —
Part 1:
Overview and general requirements
Systèmes d'automatisation industrielle et intégration — Diagnostics,
évaluation des moyens et intégration des applications de
maintenance —
Partie 1: Vue d'ensemble et exigences générales




Reference number
ISO 18435-1:2009(E)
©
ISO 2009

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ISO 18435-1:2009(E)
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ISO 18435-1:2009(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction.vi
0.1 General .vi
0.2 Asset operation and maintenance lifecycle management integration framework .vi
0.3 Approach.viii
0.4 Intended benefits.viii
0.5 Relationship to other parts of ISO 18435.ix
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions .1
4 Abbreviated terms .4
5 Integration and interoperability of applications.4
5.1 Requirements for integration of applications.4
5.2 Requirements for integration models .5
5.3 Criteria for interoperability and integration.5
5.4 Application domains .6
5.4.1 General .6
5.4.2 Categories of application domains.6
5.4.3 Operations planning and scheduling (D3.1).7
5.4.4 Supervisory control and HMI (D2.1) .7
5.4.5 Control, I/O, operational data historian and panel display (D1.1) .8
5.4.6 Capability assessment and decision support (D3.2) .8
5.4.7 Asset prognostics and health, product quality, safety and environmental management
(D2.2).8
5.4.8 Asset utilization, condition monitoring and quality monitoring (D1.2).9
5.4.9 Maintenance planning and scheduling (D3.3) .9
5.4.10 Maintenance work order management and tracking (D2.3) .9
5.4.11 Asset configuration, calibration, repair and replace (D1.3) .10
5.4.12 Intra-enterprise and inter-enterprise activities (D4.1 and D4.2).10
5.4.13 Resource registry services (D0.1 and D0.2) .10
5.5 Integration within an application .11
5.5.1 Application interoperability model .11
5.5.2 Interoperability and integration of resources in an application .12
5.5.3 Interoperability and integration of processes in an application .12
5.6 Integration within a domain.12
5.6.1 Interoperability and integration of applications in a domain.12
5.6.2 Overview of Matrix Elements .13
6 Integration among domains .14
6.1 Interoperability and integration between applications in different domains .14
6.2 Applications in different domains at the same level in a hierarchy.14
6.3 Applications in different domains at different levels in a hierarchy .15
6.4 Integration requirements across application scenarios .15
6.5 Integration requirements in terms of interoperability templates .15
7 Conformance and compliance .15
7.1 Conformance aspects.15
7.2 Compliance aspects.15
Annex A (informative) Application domain matrix.16
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ISO 18435-1:2009(E)
Annex B (informative) Coordinated asset registry service.21
Bibliography .23

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ISO 18435-1:2009(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 18435-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 184, Automation systems and integration,
Subcommittee SC 5, Architecture, communications and integration frameworks.
ISO 18435 consists of the following parts, under the general title Industrial automation systems and
integration — Diagnostics, capability assessment and maintenance applications integration:
⎯ Part 1: Overview and general requirements
The following parts are under preparation:
⎯ Part 2: Descriptions and definitions of application domain matrix elements
⎯ Part 3: Applications integration description method
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ISO 18435-1:2009(E)
Introduction
0.1 General
ISO 18435 defines a set of integration methods intended to be used when integrating diagnostics, capability
assessment, and maintenance applications with the applications in production, control, and other
manufacturing operations.
ISO 18435 describes application integration models and common application interoperability requirements.
These application integration models are intended to:
a) provide diagnostics, capability assessment, and maintenance applications’ integration reference
architecture for manufacturing assets, such as equipment, automation devices, and software units;
b) enable integration of diagnostics, capability assessment, and maintenance applications with other
applications;
c) provide for a system view context in dealing with asset management lifecycles.
Application integration models are intended to guide users of industry specifications or standards when
integrating diagnostics, capability assessment, and maintenance applications with production and control
applications. These integration models define elements and rules to help identify and select interfaces
described in the interoperability templates. These interoperability templates are used to reference
interoperability profiles based on international standards that are required for integrating the applications
within and at different levels of an enterprise’s functional and resource hierarchies.
The intended users of ISO 18435 are developers of industrial automation applications, especially those that
design, implement, deploy, commission, and operate the required systems which integrate diagnostics,
capability assessment, control, production, and maintenance applications.
0.2 Asset operation and maintenance lifecycle management integration framework
The main focus of ISO 18435 is to describe the integration requirements that manufacturing assets and
resources need to meet in order to support the operation and maintenance phase within a manufacturing
system’s lifecycle (see Figure 1).

Operations (e.g.



Implementation
Commissioning
Design End of Life
Production & Maintenance)

0DQXIDFWXULQJ6\VWHP/LIH&\FOH

Other standards (e.g
Other
ISO10303
ISO 18435

IEC 62264, ISO 13374)
standards


Figure 1 — Scope of ISO 18435 in the lifecycle of a manufacturing system
In Figure 2, the diagnostics and maintenance related activities are shown in a framework, where several
combinations of these activities, as distinguished in scope by the ovals, provide effective mechanisms for
adapting maintenance strategies to various changes in manufacturing operations, such as changes in
production requirements, changes in operational conditions and environment, and changes to continuously
improve manufacturing assets during their lifecycle.
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ISO 18435-1:2009(E)
For example, the first combination of activities deals with the operational phase of maintenance task execution,
which consists of maintenance task planning, involving asset inspection, monitoring and diagnostics, followed
by treatment or repair if needed, and ends in the evaluation of maintenance results. These activities are
mainly concerned with controlling routine maintenance tasks.
The second combination of activities focuses on maintenance strategy planning that involves the selection of
an approach for performing maintenance appropriate to each asset with options such as breakdown
maintenance (BM), time-based maintenance (TBM) and condition-based maintenance (CBM). The
maintenance strategies can be improved based on diagnostic capability assessment and maintenance
histories.
The third combination of activities includes manufacturing asset design improvement driven by inputs from
maintenance strategy planning. The design improvements drive maintenance strategy planning. This third
cycle seeks to minimize maintenance costs or reduce maintenance effort and time through asset improvement.

Design data
and
Asset
modification

improvement
record

Design / Maintenance
improvement strategy planning
Maintenance
Maintenance
and (BM/TBM/CBM) strategy
and diagnostics
selection
modification

history
Maintenance
task execution
Maintenance
strategy
Discrepancies
Level R3

Evaluation of
Level R2
Maintenance
maintenance

task planning

result


Monitoring /
Levels R0, R1
diagnosis &
if necessary,
repair


Figure 2 — Framework for maintenance management of manufacturing assets
Although condition-based maintenance (CBM) can be regarded as an advanced strategy, it is not always the
most cost-effective method. When failures of machines or components are not critical, the breakdown
maintenance (BM) approach is preferable. When the remaining useful life of machines or components can be
estimated, time-based maintenance (TBM) is preferred.
ISO 18435 addresses the first cycle of maintenance task execution and the integration of maintenance
applications with the other manufacturing applications, especially in the case of condition-based maintenance.
The following are examples of integration issues concerning aspects of quality, cost and delivery:
a) quality aspect: conditions of manufacturing assets, kept by the maintenance tasks, used in product quality
assurance;
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ISO 18435-1:2009(E)
b) cost aspect: trade off between maintenance cost and production loss due to malfunction, unsafe condition
and inefficiency of assets;
c) delivery (time) aspect – coordinating maintenance schedule with production schedule.
0.3 Approach
In ISO 18435, the definitions and concepts in other international standards, such as IEC 62264, ISO 15745,
and ISO 13374, are used to describe the functions and interfaces that gather information about the process,
equipment, operators, and materials and other manufacturing assets and convey the information to various
diagnostics and maintenance sub-systems in order to perform asset management. The information exchanges
are denoted by a set of schemas that describe the conveyed information and the usage of the required
interoperability interfaces.
In particular, reference is made to applicable concepts and definitions provided in ISO 15745, ISO 13374,
IEC 61499, IEC 61131, IEC 62264, IEC 61915, ISO/IEC 15459-1, MIMOSA OSA-CBM and
MIMOSA OSA-EAI.
0.4 Intended benefits
In a manufacturing enterprise, an appropriately integrated asset management system can provide critical
information to improve the productivity of the manufacturing assets deployed. Ideally, effective and timely
asset maintenance enables these assets to provide the services required by the production system.
In the past, the information about the process, equipment, operator and material that is already provided by
many industrial automation systems and control devices, was not fully utilized in the manufacturing process.
Today, with increasing use of digital signal processing in these devices, the available information can now be
more effectively analyzed closer to the manufacturing process and used in the diagnostics, capability
assessment, control, and maintenance applications. In addition, some of this information can be extracted via
interfaces already present in the control system, without adding additional sensors to the manufacturing
process. This increased information access capability needs to be presented in a standardized form to other
analysis tools that diagnose process, material and equipment problems via well-defined interfaces.
Other benefits that can be gained are as follows:
a) end users can facilitate the specification and procurement of open, integrated and safe systems by
referencing pre-defined diagnostics and maintenance application interoperability profiles;
b) system integrators can reduce the time to develop diagnostics and maintenance solutions by using
generic tools based on ISO 18435;
c) suppliers of diagnostics and maintenance products and services can provide and develop new offerings
using generic tools based on ISO 18435;
d) system aspects of safety management can be improved with an easy access to critical information.
Integration increases the likelihood of the system to realize process optimization per the performance and
capacity targets of the application and the business requirements, such as, cost, safety, security, and
environmental compatibility.
The application integration models and interoperability schemas can provide equipment and field device
suppliers, system integrators, and application designers a means to assess the suitability of diagnostic and
maintenance components when integrating the required condition monitoring, maintenance scheduling and
asset management systems with other manufacturing applications.
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ISO 18435-1:2009(E)
0.5 Relationship to other parts of ISO 18435
The different parts of ISO 18435 are briefly described in Table 1 and illustrated in Figure 3.
In Figure 3, the focuses of the various parts of ISO 18435 are shown as dotted-line areas that bound specific
portions of the UML class diagram representing the integration model for an application and between
applications.
Table 1 — Outline of ISO 18435
Part Description
Overview of the integration approach and the application integration model elements, their relationships
ISO 18435-1
and a description of general requirements in terms of selected industry application scenarios.
Descriptions and definitions of application domain matrix elements and application interaction matrix
a
ISO 18435-2
elements which represent the application-to-application integration requirements.
a
ISO 18435-3 Applications integration description method in terms of interoperability profile templates.
a
Under preparation.
This part of ISO 18435 provides an overview of the elements and the rules of a method to describe a
manufacturing application’s integration requirements. The elements include the key aspects when integrating
a manufacturing application with other applications and the relationships of these key aspects. The rules
include the information exchanges to support interoperability within an application and between applications.

ISO 18435-1 ISO 18435-3
(ISO 18435-2)
ADME
Application Application
1.*
•Process
1.*
Resource
1.*
Activities 1.*
Information Exchange
(ISO 18435-2)
AIME

Figure 3 — Relationships within ISO 18435
ISO 18435-2 will provide the detailed definitions of the Application Interaction Matrix Element (AIME) and
Application Domain Matrix Element (ADME) structures and their relationships. In particular, the steps for
constructing an ADME from a set of AIMEs will be described.
ISO 18435-3 will define a recommended method to describe the interoperability and integration requirements
between applications in two or more manufacturing domains within a manufacturing enterprise. The focus will
be on the production operations and maintenance operations domains.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18435-1:2009(E)

Industrial automation systems and integration — Diagnostics,
capability assessment and maintenance applications
integration —
Part 1:
Overview and general requirements
1 Scope
This part of ISO 18435 defines an integration modelling method and its use to integrate diagnostics, capability
assessment, prognostics and maintenance applications with production and control applications. The
integration of other application aspects, such as security, is outside the scope of ISO 18435.
NOTE 1 Other parts of ISO 18435 will define the activity domain matrix elements and the detailed integration methods
between applications in the application domain integration diagram.
NOTE 2 It is recognized that security is an important aspect of many applications; however, security will not be
addressed in ISO 18435.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 62264-1, Enterprise-control system integration — Part 1: Models and terminology
IEC 62264-2, Enterprise-control system integration — Part 2: Object model attributes
IEC 62264-3, Enterprise-control system integration — Part 3: Activity models of manufacturing operations
management
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
activity
set of actions performed by a set of actors
NOTE An activity can also be performed by the actors' agents.
3.2
application
ordered set of processes, performed by a set of resources, coordinated by a set of interactions intended to
accomplish a definite objective
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ISO 18435-1:2009(E)
3.3
behaviour
observable activities of a component via its effect on its environment and/or through its measurable attributes
3.4
capability assessment
evaluation of the ability or capacity of a manufacturing asset to provide a resource to the system
3.5
component
〈resource〉 part of a system that plays a particular role, by providing some or all of a system’s functions when
performing a task
3.6
control application
type of manufacturing application that monitors availability and identifies the conditions of manufacturing
assets and provides other applications with such information in order to accomplish a manufacturing
production objective
3.7
diagnostics application
type of manufacturing application that monitors and checks the continued availability of manufacturing assets,
and notifies the other manufacturing applications of any conditions or constraints on such availability
3.8
data historian
capability of a system to collect operating information of that system
3.9
integration
system condition or activity to realize the condition in which components of a system are organized to
collaborate, coordinate and interoperate while exchanging items, as needed, to perform a system’s task
3.10
interaction
transaction involving multiple resources to accomplish some part of a system’s function
EXAMPLE Examples include coordination, collaboration, cooperation, unwitting assistance, witting non-interference,
and even competition.
3.11
interface
set of services and related service mechanisms, available via a logical or physical access point, provided by a
resource, in order to transfer or exchange information, material, energy, and other manufacturing aspects
NOTE ISO/IEC 10746-2:1996, 8.4, defines “interface” as “an abstraction of the behaviour of an object that consists of
a subset of the interactions of that object together with a set of constraints on when they may occur”.
3.12
interoperability
capability of two or more entities to exchange items in accordance with a set of rules and mechanisms
implemented by an interface in each entity, in order to perform their respective tasks
NOTE 1 Examples of entities include devices, equipment, machines, people, processes, applications, software units,
systems and enterprises.
NOTE 2 Examples of items include information, material, energy, control, assets and ideas.
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ISO 18435-1:2009(E)
3.13
maintenance application
type of manufacturing application that manages the reconfiguration, removal, replacement or repair of the
manufacturing assets, and notifies the other manufacturing applications of such activities
3.14
manufacturing application
set of manufacturing processes, related resources and information exchange involved in the manufacture of a
product or the provision of a service
3.15
manufacturing asset
tangible, uniquely identified system with a defined role in the manufacturing process
NOTE Manufacturing assets include structural, mechanical, electrical, electronics and software components, but they
do not include human resources, process materials, financial assets and in-process materials.
3.16
manufacturing process
set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy,
control, or any other element in a manufacturing area
3.17
manufacturing resource
physical or logical entity that enables a manufacturing process
NOTE Manufacturing resources include (but are not limited to) manufacturing assets such as equipment, machinery,
software, automation units, control devices, instrumentation, tooling, and other resources, e.g. operators, materials, fuels
and the physical plant wherein the resources are deployed.
3.18
path
association established between functional units for conveying information
3.19
process
temporal or logical ordering of a set of activities, events, or tasks performed under a set of conditions
3.20
production segment
sequence of process segments and product segments
NOTE See IEC 62264-2.
3.21
resource
entity used to accomplish a task
3.22
role
set of characteristics that distinguish a resource’s ability to exhibit a set of required behaviours
3.23
system
set of resources that jointly accomplishes one or more functions of an application’s process
NOTE The set of resources can be, for example, software, hardware or personnel.
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ISO 18435-1:2009(E)
3.24
task
set of actions intended to accomplish a set of functions
3.25
transaction
exchange of an entity at an interface using a service defined by the resource
4 Abbreviated terms
ADID Application Domain Integration Diagram
ADME Application Domain Matrix Element
AIME Application Interaction Matrix Element
AIRD Application Integration Relationship Diagram
ERP Enterprise Resource Planning
UID Unique ID (of asset for its entire lifetime)
UML Unified Modelling Language
XML eXtensible Mark-up Language
5 Integration and interoperability of applications
5.1 Requirements for integration of applications
The requirements for the integration of applications shall be described in terms of:
a) generic interoperability templates that enumerate an application's resource interfaces and the constraints
on those interfaces;
b) specific interoperability profiles for integration across target applicat
...