ISO/ASTM 52904:2024
(Main)Additive manufacturing of metals — Process characteristics and performance — Metal powder bed fusion process to meet critical applications
Additive manufacturing of metals — Process characteristics and performance — Metal powder bed fusion process to meet critical applications
This document covers the operation and production control of metal powder bed fusion (PBF) machines and processes for areas of critical applications. A critical application is assumed once failing parts-functionality leads to immediate threats. This document is applicable for production of parts and mechanical test specimens using powder bed fusion (PBF) with both laser and electron beams. Specifications related to specific fields of application are provided in respective standards.
Fabrication additive de métaux — Caractéristiques et performances du procédé — Procédé de fusion sur lit de poudre métallique en vue de répondre aux applications critiques
Le présent document couvre le contrôle des opérations et de la production des machines et des procédés de fusion sur lit de poudre de métaux (PBF) dans des secteurs d’application critiques. Une application est considérée comme critique dès lors que la défaillance des fonctionnalités des pièces entraîne des menaces immédiates. Le présent document est applicable pour la production de pièces et d’éprouvettes d’essai mécanique utilisant la fusion sur lit de poudre (PBF) avec des faisceaux laser ou d’électrons. Les spécifications liées à des champs d’application spécifiques sont fournies dans leurs normes respectives.
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Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
International
Standard
ISO/ASTM 52904
Second edition
Additive manufacturing of
2024-07
metals — Process characteristics
and performance — Metal powder
bed fusion process to meet critical
applications
Fabrication additive de métaux — Caractéristiques et
performances du procédé — Procédé de fusion sur lit de poudre
métallique en vue de répondre aux applications critiques
Reference number
© ISO/ASTM International 2024
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester. In the United States, such requests should be sent to ASTM International.
ISO copyright office ASTM International
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, USA
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11 Phone: +610 832 9634
Fax: +610 832 9635
Email: copyright@iso.org Email: khooper@astm.org
Website: www.iso.org Website: www.astm.org
Published in Switzerland
© ISO/ASTM International 2024 – All rights reserved
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Personnel requirements . 2
5 Digital data . 2
5.1 Digital data records.2
5.2 Digital data processing .2
6 PBF equipment requirements . 3
6.1 General .3
6.2 Build consumables .3
6.2.1 Build platform .3
6.2.2 Shielding gases .3
6.2.3 Powder spreading device .3
6.2.4 Compressed air .3
6.3 Auxiliary tools and equipment .4
6.4 Machine operating software .4
6.5 Environmental controls .4
7 Feedstock requirements . . 4
7.1 Purchasing feedstock .4
7.2 Control of feedstock .4
8 Qualification . 5
8.1 Design checks .5
8.1.1 Part files .5
8.1.2 Machining allowance .5
8.1.3 Orientation and location .5
8.1.4 Parts nesting .5
8.2 Pre-build checks .5
8.2.1 General .5
8.2.2 Maintenance and calibration status . .5
8.2.3 PBF machine elements and systems .6
8.2.4 Build chamber environment .6
8.2.5 Build platform .6
8.2.6 Powder spreading device .6
8.2.7 Gas supply .6
8.2.8 Feedstock condition and quantity .6
8.2.9 Baseline machine and process parameters .7
8.3 Periodic preventive maintenance .7
8.3.1 General .7
8.3.2 Energy delivery verification .7
8.3.3 Z-axis movement .7
8.3.4 Compressed air .7
8.3.5 Oxygen and vacuum .7
8.3.6 Laser field alignment (LFA) .7
8.3.7 Other recommended preventive maintenance .8
8.4 Machine, process, and part qualification .8
8.4.1 Process qualification .8
8.4.2 Build platform .8
8.4.3 Test specimens .8
8.4.4 Requalification .9
8.5 Consolidated material and part .9
© ISO/ASTM International 2024 – All rights reserved
iii
8.5.1 Material properties .9
8.5.2 Part properties .10
8.5.3 Non-conformities .10
9 Manufacturing plan and documentation .10
9.1 Manufacturing plan .10
9.2 Documentation .11
Annex A (informative) Example of a manufacturing plan .12
Bibliography .15
© ISO/ASTM International 2024 – All rights reserved
iv
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rule
...
Norme
internationale
ISO/ASTM 52904
Deuxième édition
Fabrication additive de métaux —
2024-07
Caractéristiques et performances
du procédé — Procédé de fusion sur
lit de poudre métallique en vue de
répondre aux applications critiques
Additive manufacturing of metals — Process characteristics and
performance — Metal powder bed fusion process to meet critical
applications
Numéro de référence
DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT
© ISO/ASTM International 2024
Tous droits réservés. Sauf prescription différente ou nécessité dans le contexte de sa mise en œuvre, aucune partie de cette
publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique,
y compris la photocopie, ou la diffusion sur l’internet ou un intranet, sans autorisation écrite soit de l’ISO à l’adresse ci-après,
soit d’un organisme membre de l’ISO dans le pays du demandeur. Aux États-Unis, les demandes doivent être adressées à ASTM
International.
ISO copyright office ASTM International
Case postale 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700
CH-1214 Vernier, Genève West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, USA
Tél.: +41 22 749 01 11 Tél.: +610 832 9634
Fax: +610 832 9635
E-mail: copyright@iso.org E-mail: khooper@astm.org
Web: www.iso.org Web: www.astm.org
Publié en Suisse
© ISO/ASTM International 2024 – Tous droits réservés
ii
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .v
Introduction .vi
1 Domaine d’application . 1
2 Références normatives . 1
3 Termes et définitions . 1
4 Exigences relatives au personnel . 2
5 Données numériques . . 2
5.1 Registres de données numériques .2
5.2 Traitement des données numériques .2
6 Exigences relatives à l’équipement PBF . 3
6.1 Généralités .3
6.2 Produits d’apport de fabrication.3
6.2.1 Plateforme de fabrication .3
6.2.2 Gaz de protection .3
6.2.3 Dispositif d’étalement de la poudre .4
6.2.4 Air comprimé .4
6.3 Outils et équipements auxiliaires .4
6.4 Logiciel d’exploitation de la machine . .4
6.5 Contrôles environnementaux .4
7 Exigences relatives à la matière première . 4
7.1 Achat de la matière première .4
7.2 Contrôle de la matière première .5
8 Qualification . 5
8.1 Vérifications de conception .5
8.1.1 Fichiers de la pièce .5
8.1.2 Tolérance d’usinage.5
8.1.3 Orientation et emplacement .5
8.1.4 Imbrication des pièces .6
8.2 Vérifications préalables à la fabrication .6
8.2.1 Généralités .6
8.2.2 État de maintenance et de calibrage .6
8.2.3 Éléments et systèmes de la machine PBF .6
8.2.4 Environnement de la chambre de fabrication .6
8.2.5 Plateforme de fabrication .6
8.2.6 Dispositif d’étalement de la poudre .6
8.2.7 Alimentation en gaz .7
8.2.8 État et quantité de la matière première .7
8.2.9 Paramètres de référence de la machine et du procédé .7
8.3 Maintenance préventive périodique .7
8.3.1 Généralités .7
8.3.2 Vérification de la fourniture d’énergie .7
8.3.3 Mouvement de l’axe Z .8
8.3.4 Air comprimé .8
8.3.5 Oxygène et vide.8
8.3.6 Alignement du champ laser (ACL) .8
8.3.7 Autre maintenance préventive recommandée .8
8.4 Qualification de la machine, du procédé et de la pièce .8
8.4.1 Qualification du procédé .8
8.4.2 Plateforme de fabrication .8
8.4.3 Éprouvettes d’essai .9
8.4.4 Requalification .10
8.5 Matériau et pièce consolidés .10
© ISO/ASTM International 2024 – Tous droits réservés
iii
8.5.1 Propriétés du matériau.10
8.5.2 Propriétés de la pièce .11
8.5.3 Non-conformités .11
9 Plan de fabrication et documentation .11
9.1 Plan de fabrication .11
9.2 Documentation .11
Annexe A (informative) Exemple d’un plan de fabrication .13
Bibliographie . 17
© ISO/ASTM International 2024 – Tous droits réservés
iv
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes nationaux
de normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est en général
confiée aux comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire
partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non
gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux. L'ISO collabore étroitement avec
la Commission électrotechnique internationale (IEC) en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les procédures utilisées pour élaborer le présent document et celles destinées à sa mise à jour sont
décrites dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 1. Il convient, en particulier de prendre note des différents
critères d'approbation requis pour les différents types de documents ISO. Le présent document
a été rédigé conformément aux règles de rédaction données dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2
(voir https://www.iso.org/directives).
L’ISO attire l’attention sur le fait que la mise en application du présent document peut entraîner l’utilisation
d’un ou de plusieurs brevets. L’ISO ne prend pas position quant à la preuve, à la validité et à l’applicabilité
de tout droit de propriété revendiqué à cet égard. À la date de publication du présent document, l’ISO
n'avait pas reçu notification qu’un ou plusieurs brevets pouvaient ê
...
FINAL DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/ASTM
FDIS
ISO/TC 261
Additive manufacturing of
Secretariat: DIN
metals — Process characteristics
Voting begins on:
and performance — Metal powder
2024-04-16
bed fusion process to meet critical
Voting terminates on:
applications
2024-06-11
Fabrication additive de métaux — Caractéristiques et
performances du procédé — Procédé de fusion sur lit de poudre
métallique en vue de répondre aux applications critiques
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
Reference number
ISO/ASTM FDIS 52904:2024(en) © ISO/ASTM International 2024
FINAL DRAFT
ISO/ASTM FDIS 52904:2024(en)
International
Standard
ISO/ASTM
FDIS
ISO/TC 261
Additive manufacturing of
Secretariat: DIN
metals — Process characteristics
Voting begins on:
and performance — Metal powder
bed fusion process to meet critical
Voting terminates on:
applications
Fabrication additive de métaux — Caractéristiques et
performances du procédé — Procédé de fusion sur lit de poudre
métallique en vue de répondre aux applications critiques
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
© ISO/ASTM International 2024
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester. In the United States, such requests should be sent to ASTM International.
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
ISO copyright office ASTM International TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, USA
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11 Phone: +610 832 9634
Fax: +610 832 9635
Email: copyright@iso.org Email: khooper@astm.org
Website: www.iso.org Website: www.astm.org
Published in Switzerland Reference number
ISO/ASTM FDIS 52904:2024(en) © ISO/ASTM International 2024
© ISO/ASTM International 2024 – All rights reserved
ii
ISO/ASTM FDIS 52904:2024(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Personnel requirements . 2
5 Digital data . 2
5.1 Digital data records.2
5.2 Digital data processing .2
6 PBF equipment requirements . 3
6.1 General .3
6.2 Build consumables .3
6.2.1 Build platform .3
6.2.2 Shielding gases .3
6.2.3 Powder spreading device .3
6.2.4 Compressed air .3
6.3 Auxiliary tools and equipment .4
6.4 Machine operating software .4
6.5 Environmental controls .4
7 Feedstock requirements . . 4
7.1 Purchasing feedstock .4
7.2 Control of feedstock .4
8 Qualification . 5
8.1 Design checks .5
8.1.1 Part files .5
8.1.2 Machining allowance .5
8.1.3 Orientation and location .5
8.1.4 Parts nesting .5
8.2 Pre-build checks .5
8.2.1 General .5
8.2.2 Maintenance and calibration status . .5
8.2.3 PBF machine elements and systems .6
8.2.4 Build chamber environment .6
8.2.5 Build platform .6
8.2.6 Powder spreading device .6
8.2.7 Gas supply .6
8.2.8 Feedstock condition and quantity .6
8.2.9 Baseline machine and process parameters .7
8.3 Periodic preventive maintenance .7
8.3.1 General .7
8.3.2 Energy delivery verification .7
8.3.3 Z-axis movement .7
8.3.4 Compressed air .7
8.3.5 Oxygen and vacuum .7
8.3.6 Laser field alignment (LFA) .7
8.3.7 Other recommended preventive maintenance .8
8.4 Machine, process, and part qualification .8
8.4.1 Process qualification .8
8.4.2 Build platform .8
8.4.3 Test specimens .8
8.4.4 Requalification .9
8.5 Consolidated material and part .9
© ISO/ASTM International 2024 – All rights reserved
iii
ISO/ASTM FDIS 52904:2024(en)
8.5.1 Material properties .9
8.5.2 Part properties .10
8.5.3 Non-conformities .10
9 Manufacturing plan and documentation .10
9.1 Manufacturing plan .10
9.2 Documentation .
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ISO/TC 261
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Secretariat: DIN
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Date: 2024-03-14xx
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Additive manufacturing of metals — Process characteristics and
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performance — Metal powder bed fusion process to meet critical
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applications
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Fabrication additive de métaux — Caractéristiques et performances du procédé — Procédé de fusion sur lit de
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poudre métallique en vue de répondre aux applications critiques
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St l D fi iti
ISO/ASTM FDIS 52904:2024(en)
Formatted: Font: Bold
Formatted: HeaderCentered
Formatted: Left: 1.5 cm, Right: 1.5 cm, Header
© ISO/ASTM International 2024
distance from edge: 1.27 cm, Footer distance from
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication
Commented [eXtyles1]: Not found: "ISO/ASTM 2024"
may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either
ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester. In the United States, such requests should
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
be sent to ASTM International.
Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
ISO copyright office ASTM International
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, USA
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11 Phone: +610 832 9634
Formatted: French (France)
Formatted: French (France)
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47 Fax: +610 832 9635
Formatted: French (France)
Email: copyright@iso.org Email: khooper@astm.org
Website: www.iso.org Website: www.astm.org
Commented [eXtyles2]: The URL http://www.astm.org
has been redirected to https://www.astm.org/. Please verify
the URL.
E-mail: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
Formatted: FooterPageRomanNumber
© ISO/ASTM 2024 – All rights reserved
ii
ISO/ASTM FDIS 52904:2024(en)
Formatted: Font: 11 pt, Bold
Formatted: Font: Bold
Formatted: HeaderCentered, Left
Contents
Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
Foreword . vi
Introduction . viii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Personnel requirements . 2
5 Digital data . 2
5.1 Digital data records . 2
5.2 Digital data processing . 3
6 PBF equipment requirements . 3
6.1 General. 3
6.2 Build consumables . 3
6.2.1 Build platform . 3
6.2.2 Shielding gases . 4
6.2.3 Powder spreading device . 4
6.2.4 Compressed air . 4
6.3 Auxiliary tools and equipment. 4
6.4 Machine operating software . 4
6.5 Environmental controls . 4
7 Feedstock requirements . 5
7.1 Purchasing feedstock . 5
7.2 Control of feedstock . 5
8 Qualification . 6
8.1 Design checks . 6
8.1.1 Part files . 6
8.1.2 Machining allowance . 6
8.1.3 Orientation and location . 6
8.1.4 Parts nesting . 6
8.2 Pre-build checks . 6
8.2.1 General. 6
8.2.2 Maintenance and calibration status . 6
8.2.3 PBF machine elements and systems . 6
8.2.4 Build chamber environment . 6
8.2.5 Build platform . 7
8.2.6 Powder spreading device . 7
8.2.7 Gas supply . 7
8.2.8 Feedstock condition and quantity . 7
8.2.9 Baseline machine and process parameters . 7
8.3 Periodic preventive maintenance . 8
8.3.1 General. 8
8.3.2 Energy delivery verification . 8 Formatted: Font: 10 pt
8.3.3 Z-axis movement . 8
Formatted: Font: 10 pt
8.3.4 Compressed air . 8
Formatted: FooterCentered, Left, Space Before: 0 pt,
8.3.5 Oxygen and vacuum . 8
Tab stops: Not at 17.2 cm
8.3.6 Laser field alignment (LFA) . 8
Formatted: Font: 11 pt
8.3.7 Other recommended preventive maintenance . 9
8.4 Machine, process, and part qualification . 9
Formatted: FooterPageRomanNumber, Left, Space
8.4.1 Process qualification . 9
After: 0 pt, Tab stops: Not at 17.2 cm
© ISO/ASTM International 2024 – All rights reserved
iii
ISO/ASTM FDIS 52904:2024(en)
Formatted: Font: Bold
Formatted: HeaderCentered
8.4.2 Build platform . 9
8.4.3 Test specimens . 9
8.4.4 Requalification . 10
8.5 Consolidated material and part . 11
8.5.1 Material properties . 11
8.5.2 Part properties . 11
8.5.3 Non-conformities . 11
9 Manufacturing plan and documentation . 12
9.1 Manufacturing plan . 12
9.2 Documentation . 12
Annex A (informative) Example of a manufacturing plan . 14
Bibliography . 18
Foreword . 4
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Personnel requirements . 8
5 Digital data . 8
5.1 Digital data records . 8
5.2 Digital data processing .
...
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