ISO 19154:2014

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 19154
First edition
2014-11-01
Geographic information — Ubiquitous
public access — Reference model
Information géographique — Ubiquitaire l’accès du public —
Modèle de référence
Reference number
©
ISO 2014
© ISO 2014
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ii © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Conformance . 1
3 Normative references . 1
4 Terms and definitions . 1
5 Symbols (and abbreviated terms) . 5
5.1 Abbreviated terms . 5
5.2 UML notation . 6
6 Reference model requirements . 6
6.1 Background . 6
6.2 Design principles of ubiquitous public access . 7
6.3 Semantics of UPA . 7
6.4 Conceptual framework . 8
6.5 Relationship with other ISO geographic information standards . 9
6.6 Other areas of standardization .11
7 RM-ODP viewpoints .12
7.1 Enterprise viewpoint .12
7.2 Information viewpoint .14
7.3 Computational viewpoint .19
Annex A (normative) Abstract test suite .22
Annex B (informative) Additional background information on UPA-to-GI .24
Annex C (informative) Open Distributed Processing (RM-ODP) for UPA-to-GI reference model .26
Annex D (informative) Service architecture for UPA-to-GI .27
Annex E (informative) Existing standardization efforts.30
Annex F (informative) UPA-to-GI service scenarios .37
Bibliography .43
Foreword
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electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
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assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics.
iv © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

Introduction
Recent advances of web-based and mobile computing technologies have ushered in an era where the general
public are not only consumers of content, but also act as creators or providers of new, enriched content.
One sector in particular that is experiencing rapid change and growth is that of geographic information.
“Location” in a general sense is one of the basic requirements of all mobile users. In early development,
users were only “consuming” location-based content, but with ever increasingly sophisticated mobile
hardware devices and the ever expanding extent of telecommunications networking and sensor web
enabled infrastructure, mobile users are now able to create many types of geographic data. Creation
of content can be on an individual level, using a coordinate location to enable navigation to a new café
described in a blog entry, or as a collaborative effort, such as collecting GPS tracks and incorporating
them into the Open Street Map project.
Smaller devices, embedded systems, wireless communication, and sensor networks (ubiquitous
computing technologies) require methods of handling geographic information in terms of both
production and consumption. Beyond the previously limited public consumption of geographic
information, ubiquitous computing technologies provide the infrastructure for the general public to
produce, distribute, and consume geographic information. These concepts are manifested as “seamless
access from anywhere and at any time to easy-to-use geographic information and services”. We refer to
these concepts as Ubiquitous Public Access to geographic information.
The goal of ubiquitous public access to geographic information (UPA-to-GI) is to make the user
experience of any “smart” device intuitive to understand, along with being easy to use. To achieve this
goal, contextual information that is gathered from varied sources is managed efficiently within the
UPA architecture. Therefore, systems or services for UPA to geographic information need to support a
delivery mechanism of contextual information.
This International Standard defines the requirements of standardization for systems and services
supporting ubiquitous public access to geographic information, and describes a comprehensive set of
fundamental facets that specify an abstract description of the elements for UPA to geographic information.
This International Standard further establishes a series of models comprised as a conceptual framework
that, when implemented, will support the development of a set of systems and services for enabling
ubiquitous public access to geographic information. In a UPA environment, general users are no longer
only passive consumers of geographic information, but rather active participants in several steps of the
data and information management lifecycle such as collection, creation and capture, and/or use and
dissemination.
Ubiquitous public access to geographic information might be thought of as a type of geographic
information service. However, the currently available standards used in mobile environments are based
on web technologies which are not efficient enough to handle the requirements of UPA. In order to
provide relevant geographic information to users, the context of the users is described.
The reference model specified here defines a group of models which form a framework that supports
methods of extracting geographically explicit context information from varied information sources,
such as a lexicon, photos, videos, and others sources. Additional models in the framework specify how
geographic data produced and distributed by the general public can be semantically linked to meet
the user’s contextual requests, and how heterogeneous geographic content can be seamlessly accessed,
integrated, and provided to a user regardless of the kind of device the user operates.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19154:2014(E)
Geographic information — Ubiquitous public access —
Reference model
1 Scope
This International Standard defines a reference model for ubiquitous public access (UPA) to geographic
information. This reference model uses standard concepts from both the Open distributed processing
— Reference model (RM-ODP) in ISO/IEC 10746-1 and ISO 19101.
The reference model specified in this International Standard defines the following:
— conceptual models for ubiquitous public access (UPA) to geographic information;
— a reference model and framework to support current and future specification development in this area;
— the semantics of information and processing within systems and services for the UPA of
geographic information;
— the architectural relationship between this International Standard and other ISO geographic
information standards.
This International Standard is applicable to location-based services (LBS), ubiquitous computing
environments, linked open data, and other domains that require a seamless public access to
geographic information.
Although structured in the context of information technology and information technology standards,
this International Standard is independent of any application development method or technology
implementation approach.
2 Conformance
General conformance and testing requirements are defined in ISO 19105. Conformance requirements
are specified in Annex A.
3 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 19101-1:2014, Geographic information — Reference model — Part 1: Fundamentals
ISO/TS 19101-2:2008, Geographic information — Reference model — Part 2: Imagery
1)
ISO 19103:— , Geographic information — Conceptual schema language
2)
ISO 19109:— , Geographic information — Rules for application schema
4 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
1) To be published.
2) To be published.
4.1
ambient intelligence
convergence of ubiquitous computing, ubiquitous communication, and interfaces adapting to the user
4.2
application
manipulation and processing of data in support of user requirements
[SOURCE: ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.1]
4.3
computational viewpoint
viewpoint (4.29) on an ODP system and its environment which enables distribution through functional
decomposition of the system into objects which interact at interfaces (4.13)
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 10746-3:2009, 4.1.1.3]
4.4
context
aspects or properties of an entity that affect the behaviour or expectations of that entity in any given situation
4.5
context-awareness
integrated operations to collect and deliver context (4.4) specific information, and convert it to tailored
data for each user
EXAMPLE getContext(staticFeature) = FD_Feature
Note 1 to entry: In the example, the getContext operation would extract geographically explicit context information
FD_Feature from varied information sources, such as photos, videos, etc.
4.6
enterprise viewpoint
viewpoint (4.29) on an ODP system and its environment that focuses on the purpose, scope, and policies
for that system
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 10746-3:2009, 4.1.1.1]
4.7
geographic context awareness
application (4.2) or service (4.23) behaviour based on the recognition of user’s geographic context (4.4)
4.8
geographic information
information concerning phenomena implicitly or explicitly associated with a location relative to the Earth
[SOURCE: ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.18]
4.9
geographic information service
service (4.23) that transforms, manages, or presents geographic information to users
[SOURCE: ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.19]
4.10
geographic information system
information system dealing with information concerning phenomena associated with location
relative to the Earth
[SOURCE: ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.20]
2 © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

4.11
information system
information processing system, together with associated organizational resources such as human,
technical, and financial resources, that provides and distributes information
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993]
4.12
information viewpoint
viewpoint (4.29) on an ODP system and its environment that focuses on the semantics of information and
information processing
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 10746-3:2009, 4.1.1.2]
4.13
interface
named set of operations (4.17) that characterize the behaviour of an entity
[SOURCE: ISO 19119:2005, 4.2]
4.14
interoperability
capability to communicate, execute programs, or transfer data among various functional units in a
manner that requires the user to have little or no knowledge of the unique characteristics of those units
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993, 01.01.47]
4.15
linked geodata
geographic data and information sources published on the Semantic Web (4.22)
Note 1 to entry: These publicly available geographic data and information sources are published in a standardized
formal model.
4.16
ontology
formal representation of phenomena of a universe of discourse (4.28) with an underlying vocabulary
including definitions and axioms that make the intended meaning explicit and describe phenomena and
their interrelationships
[SOURCE: ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.26]
4.17
operation
specification of a transformation or query that an object may be called to execute
[SOURCE: ISO 19119:2005, 4.3]
4.18
public access
open access to information sources and/or services (4.23) by general public users and professional users alike
4.19
reference model
framework for understanding significant relationships among the entities of some environment, and for
the development of consistent standards or specifications supporting that environment
Note 1 to entry: A reference model is based on a small number of unifying concepts and can be used as a basis for
education and explaining standards to a non-specialist.
[SOURCE: ISO 14721:2003, 1.7.2.63, modified — the second sentence in definition has been made a
note to entry.]
4.20
schema
formal description of a model
[SOURCE: ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.34]
4.21
seamless mobility
continuous and intuitive access to various information sources and services (4.23) regardless of
protocols, networks, frequency bands, and physical environments
4.22
Semantic Web
Web (4.30) of data with meaning
Note 1 to entry: The association of meaning allows data and information to be understood and processed by
automated tools as well as by people.
[SOURCE: ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.35]
4.23
service
distinct part of the functionality that is provided by an entity through interfaces (4.13)
[SOURCE: ISO 19119:2005, 4.1]
4.24
service broker
application (4.2) that combines or offers lower-level services (4.23) for specific user needs
[SOURCE: ISO 19132:2007, 4.46]
4.25
ubiquitous public access
UPA
service (4.23) that enables end-users to have easy and interoperable access to specific types of data,
irrespective of their location or access device, and that match their interest criteria
EXAMPLE Linked Geodata Service
Note 1 to entry: In the example, the Linked GeoData Service is responsible for openly inter-connecting geographic
information to external repositories or web resources using a transform to either Resource Description
Framework (RDF) or Web Ontology Language (OWL) format.
4.26
ubiquitous geographic information
geographic information (4.8) provided to users following the concepts of ubiquitous public access (4.25)
4.27
universal representation
universal feature model to be specified without knowing users’ structures or abstraction models
4.28
universe of discourse
view of the real or hypothetical world that includes everything of interest
[SOURCE: ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.38]
4 © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

4.29
viewpoint (on a system)
form of abstraction achieved using a selected set of architectural concepts and structuring rules, in
order to focus on particular concerns within a system
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 10746-2:2009, 3.2.7]
4.30
World Wide Web
Web
universe of network-accessible information and services (4.23)
[SOURCE: ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.40]
4.31
Web service
service (4.23) that is made available through the Web (4.30)
Note 1 to entry: A Web service usually includes some combination of programming and data. It can also include
human resources.
[SOURCE: ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.41]
5 Symbols (and abbreviated terms)
5.1 Abbreviated terms
API Application Programming Interface
CRS Coordinate Reference System
FOAF Friend of a Friend
GeoRSS Geographic Rich Site Summary
HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol
ICT Information and Communication Technology
IETF Internet Engineering Task Force
LBS Location-based Service
LGD Linked GeoData
OGC Open Geospatial Consortium
OMG Object Management Group
OWL Web Ontology Language
RDF Resource Description Framework
RM-ODP Reference Model of Open Distributed Processing (ISO/IEC 10746)
SRS Spatial Reference System
UML Unified Modeling Language
UPA-to-GI Ubiquitous Public Access to Geographic Information
URI Uniform Resource Identifier
XML eXtensible Markup Language
5.2 UML notation
The notation used in this International Standard as conceptual models of information systems and
services are presented using the Unified Modeling Language as specified in ISO 19103.
6 Reference model requirements
6.1 Background
Today, with the rapid spread of small and powerful mobile devices, the general public is not only
consuming various types of content embedded with geographic information, but they are also creating
similar content.
Computing advances in seamless mobility, context awareness, sensor networks, and cloud computing
have led to the emergence of applications and services many of which are based on, or related to,
geographic information.
The widespread availability of telecommunication and networking infrastructure, coupled with the
ever increasingly degree of “smart” mobile hardware devices and accompanying software and services,
is enabling the general public to access and use geographic information services frequently, and without
actually realizing it.
Within the field of geographic information systems and services, ubiquitous public access to geographic
information (UPA-to-GI) consists of the following two concepts:
— ubiquity;
— public access.
In order to address the needs of users and providers requiring access to geographic information under
ubiquitous computing infrastructure, this International Standard defines a reference model for UPA-
to-GI using the viewpoints based on the model specified in ISO 19101-1:2014 and RM-ODP system
architecture approach as specified by ISO/IEC 10746.
Clause 7 defines the RM-ODP viewpoints of this reference model. Further details are specified in
— enterprise viewpoint with UPA-to-GI related services (7.1),
— information viewpoint for three types of geographic context (7.2), and
— computational viewpoint for UPA-to-GI services (7.3).
To aid developers implementing systems based on the reference model defined in this International
Standard, additional background and related standards activities, example conceptual service
architecture design, and use case scenarios are presented in the following annexes.
— Annex A defines the abstract test suite for conforming to the reference model specified in this
International Standard.
— Annex B provides additional background on the concepts of UPA-to-GI.
— Annex C describes the RM-ODP viewpoints for UPA-to-GI Reference Model.
— Annex D presents the conceptual service architecture for UPA-to-GI.
— Annex E examines a number of existing and in-progress standardization efforts by ISO, OGC, and
other standards bodies.
6 © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

— Annex F presents three UPA-to-GI service scenarios to help developers visualize the merits of UPA-to-GI.
6.2 Design principles of ubiquitous public access
When considering the design of ubiquitous public access systems, this International Standard presents
two motivating factors that comprise the fundamental principal of UPA-to-GI.
a) The standardization of geographic information systems/services will enable end-users to have
access to geographic information meeting their needs in a convenient and interoperable manner.
b) The use of ubiquitous computing technologies will enable an augmented and intelligent information
infrastructure.
Figure 1 visually presents these two motivating factors of the design of a service environment for
UPA-to-GI. These systems and services function as an effective interface between emerging ubiquitous
computing technology and traditional geographic information services within a new information and
communication technology (ICT) ecosystem.
New ICT Ecosystem
Communication bridge
+UPA +GIS
Traditional
Ubiquitous Public Access
Geographic Information
Services
Services
Channel
+Emerging ubiquitous computing technology
Figure 1 — Two motivating factors of ubiquitous public access
6.3 Semantics of UPA
6.3.1 Overview
Three semantic properties can be used to more clearly describe the requirements of the UPA-to-GI reference
model defined in this International Standard. The three required semantic properties are the following:
— ubiquity of geographic information (6.3.2);
— degree of public access (6.3.3);
— ubiquitous public access (6.3.4).
6.3.2 Ubiquity of geographic information
Within a ubiquitous computing environment, end-users make use of varied geographic information
services based on “ambient intelligence”.
To enable the understanding of ambient intelligence for geographic information, this International
Standard specifies the context information model for supporting UPA-to-GI as defined in 7.2.2.
This context model is based on seamless mobility and geographic context.
Seamless mobility provides mobile users with continuous and intuitive access to various information
sources and services including geographic information services regardless of protocols, networks,
frequency bands, and physical environments.
Geographic context awareness uses ambient intelligence to gather specific context of the user which
may include identity, time, activity, and the location of the user. Once the geographic context of a user is
extracted, information services are able to provide rich and high quality ambient intelligence to the user.
The geographic context can include one’s individual context (e.g. location, speed, and orientation), static
context (geographic information), and dynamic context (e.g. weather, traffic conditions, data from
sensor, and more).
6.3.3 Degree of public access
Public access to geographic information implies easy or open access to geographic information sources
and/or services by general public users and professional users alike. Greater emphasis is placed on the
ease-of-use of geographic information services for the general public.
This International Standard presents the following two concepts to clarify the degree of public access
required for UPA-to-GI systems.
a) Universal representation refers to any request from a user for any type of geographic information
service (an LBS request, map display, etc.) and implies that the request shall be unambiguously
specified, without requiring the details of the underlying structures or abstraction models, using
the universal feature model defined in ISO 19109.
b) Linked open geodata refers to publicly available open geographic data and information sources.
The reference model defined in this International Standard identifies areas in which there are
further standards for public access to geographic information sources through the Linking Open
GeoData framework.
6.3.4 Ubiquitous Public Access
As specified in this reference model, UPA-to-GI services infer and extract the geographical context of
various types of non-geographic information embedded with geospatial semantics.
This reference model also provides a framework for an open access environment to enable the linking of
geographic data, including data from other sources, along with those produced by the users. The result
of this linking will facilitate easy and seamless access to geographic information services regardless of
a user’s computing environment.
6.4 Conceptual framework
The reference model defined in this International Standard specifies a conceptual framework clarifying
how the domain of ubiquitous computing and geographic information are interconnected through a
logical environment for a set of applications and processed within each domain.
Figure 2 illustrates a conceptual framework where varied implicit geographic information of a user
retrieved from a ubiquitous computing infrastructure can be effectively processed by different
geographic information services defined within a UPA-to-GI system.
8 © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

Domain of ISO geographic information standards
Geographic Information Services
catalogue retrieve produce
Ubiquitous Public Access Service to Geographic Information
Geographic Seamless
Linked GeoData
Context-Awareness Public Access
G G G G
G G
User’s implicit User’s explicit
geographic information geographic information
New ICT Ecosystem
Figure 2 — Conceptual framework of ubiquitous public access to geographic information
As shown in Figure 2, a user, either a human or machine, can receive requested information from
an application service, which is relevant to the current context of the user. The current contextual
information of the user is retrieved through various mechanisms, such as positioning devices or sensor
networks that are available within a ubiquitous computing infrastructure.
The application service to which the user is currently subscribed will then send, using a network
infrastructure, the contextual information to the ubiquitous public access interface.
Relevant UPA services will transform implicit geographic information, which is tacit in nature and not
documented nor clearly expressed, into explicit geographic information which is well documented and
clearly expressed.
This explicit geographic information can be accessed from a repository, using the contextual information
of the user by interoperating with other relevant geographic information services. The application
service can further interoperate with other general information services to meet any additional, non-
geographic requests of the user.
6.5 Relationship with other ISO geographic information standards
6.5.1 Overview
The reference model defined in this International Standard occupies a close and important relationship
with other ISO geographic information standards. This reference model builds on the existing
ISO 19101-1:2014 reference model fundamentals and also ISO/TS 19101-2:2008 reference model for
imagery and gridded data.
Both ISO 19101-1:2014 and ISO/TS 19101-2:2008 define the framework for standardization in the field
of geographic information and establish the basic principles by which those standardization activities
take place. Although structured in the context of information technology and information technology
standards, both ISO 19101-1:2014 and ISO/TS 19101-2:2008 are independent of any application
development method or technology implementation approach.
6.5.2 Relationship with ISO 19101
Within the suite of ISO geographic information standards, ISO 19101-1:2014 and ISO/TS 19101-2:2008
define the reference model and conceptual framework for the interoperability of geographic information.
ISO 19101-1:2014 further specifies three foundations that comprise the ISO geographic information
series of standards:
— semantic foundation;
— syntactic foundation;
— service foundation.
In addition to these three foundations, the reference model defined in ISO 19101-1:2014 further adopts
four levels of conceptualization:
— meta-meta level;
— meta level;
— application level;
— instance level.
Table 1 shows the correspondence between the foundation levels and conceptualization levels as defined
in ISO 19101-1:2014.
Table 1 — Positioning of the UPA-to-GI reference model within the ISO 19101-1 conceptual
framework
Interoperability
Level/
Procedural standards
Foundation
Semantic foundation Syntactic foundation Service foundation
Meta-meta Meta-meta:Semantic Meta-meta:Syntactic Meta-meta:Service Meta-meta:Procedural
Meta Meta:Semantic Meta:Syntactic Meta:Service Meta:Procedural
Application Application:Semantic Application:Syntactic Application:Service Application:Procedural
Instance Instance:Semantic Instance:Syntactic Instance:Service Instance:Procedural
The UPA-to-GI reference model defined in this International Standard specifies areas that are directly
implementable in addition to application schemas that are specifically required in a system/service for UPA-
to-GI. Therefore, this reference model is positioned within the service foundation at the application level.
The UPA-to-GI reference model does not specify the syntactic foundation. Instead, this reference
model can include XML encodings to represent geographic information, as well as portrayal rules
and catalogues serviced through the other ISO geographic information standards, which provide the
syntactic foundation.
The UPA-to-GI concepts defined in this reference model serve as the processing and service foundation
at the meta-meta level as specified in ISO 19101-1:2014 as this reference model provides the definition
of rules and methodologies for specifying ubiquitous public access to geographic information.
10 © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

6.5.3 Relationship with other ISO geographic information standards
As shown in Figure 3, this International Standard is denoted by “ISO 19154 UPA Reference Model”
package at the centre of the figure, and refers to the other ISO geographic information standards (Existing
ISO 19100 Standards). Since this reference model is positioned at the application level in the semantic
foundation, this International Standard refers to meta-meta level standards, such as ISO 19101-1:2014
3)
and ISO 19103:― for its semantic foundation.
This International Standard also provides an enhanced semantic foundation as well as service foundation
for other future new UPA standards.
Existi ng IS O 19100 Standards
IS O 19154 UP A Re fe re nce Mo del
Ne w No n-UP A Standa rd s Ne w UP A Standards
Figure 3 — Dependencies with other ISO geographic information standards
6.6 Other areas of standardization
6.6.1 Standards to allow public access to users
The first category of standards for UPA includes the standards for the UPA services offered to public
users. Even though a number of ISO/TC 211 standards belong to this category, they are focused on the
consumption of geographic information. UPA services standards for not only public consumption but
also public production of geographic information are needed.
6.6.2 Standards to manage geographic information for public access
The standards of the second category are intended to manage geographic information for UPA. The
standards for the production and management of geographic information belong to this category. Since
the geographic information produced by public users can have accuracy and consistency problems,
more rigorous specifications and standards for data quality and metadata are required. Also, in order
to integrate multiple sources of geographic information, standards for global identifiers are needed.
6.6.3 Standards to incorporate ubiquitous technologies into public access
The third category of standards for UPA is to incorporate ubiquitous computing technologies into
UPA. First of all, context-awareness is an essential function not only for ubiquitous computing but also
3) To be published.
for public access to geographic information. Spatial awareness, which is a kind of context-awareness,
is particularly important for UPA. Note that spatial awareness is no longer limited to a service that
UPA provides to users with user-interfaces; spatial awareness is also a useful function of any type of
pervasive computing device. The massively distributed architecture of ubiquitous computing and its
middleware are also important issues to be considered for standardization in UPA.
6.6.4 Additional information on areas of standardization
Annex D presents detailed information on a number of existing standardization efforts taking place in
various standards bodies that are directly related to the requirements of UPA-to-GI.
7 RM-ODP viewpoints
7.1 Enterprise viewpoint
7.1.1 Introduction
The enterprise viewpoint focuses on the purpose, scope, and policies of a system or service environment
for UPA-to-GI.
As shown in Figure 4, the enterprise viewpoint identifies enterprise objects that specify different roles
in the UPA-to-GI environment. These roles are defined in the following subclauses:
— user (7.1.2);
— geographic information consumer (7.1.2.2);
— geographic information producer (7.1.2.3);
— UPA service provider (7.1.3);
— geographic context producer (7.1.4).
The enterprise viewpoint for UPA-to-GI identifies three use cases depicting the processing and the
interactions among the identified roles. Those use cases are the following:
a) seamless public access;
b) geographic context-awareness;
c) linked geodata under the existing geographic information services.
The enterprise viewpoint further identifies four roles that can be used as resources for various
implementations from this conceptual model. Those roles include the following:
— location context;
— geospatial context;
— geosemantic context;
— features.
12 © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

Existi ng G eog ra ph ic
In fo rm atio n Se rvices
Lo ca ti onal
Co ntext
«­lo w»
Ge ospa ti al
G eog ra ph ic Ub iq ui to us P ubl ic
Li nked G eoData
Co ntext
Co ntext-Awareness A cce ss Se rvices
«­lo w»
«i nclu de » «i nclu de »
«­lo w»
«­lo w»
Ge osem an ti c
«i nclu de »
Co ntext Fe atures
«­lo w»
Seam le ss Publ ic
Acce ss
Ge og ra ph ic G eog ra ph ic
Co ntext Produ ce r In fo rm atio n
Produ ce r
«­lo w»
Figure 4 — Enterprise viewpoint
7.1.2 User (producer and consumer)
7.1.2.1 Overview
A user is a person or a device that can communicate with geographic information application providers
through seamless public access mechanisms, which enable that user access to geospatial applications
subscribed over network infrastructures anywhere and anytime. There are two types of users in the
environment of UPA-to-GI:
— geographic information consumer (7.1.2.2);
— geographic information producer (7.1.2.3).
7.1.2.2 Geographic information consumer
A geographic information consumer is a member of the public who requests geographic information
from application providers through either explicit requests or push/pull operations from the user’s
device when triggered by the geographic context.
Related to the geographic information consumer, the following three types of geographic context may
be inferred by a geographic context producer:
— locational context;
— geospatial context;
— geosemantic context.
In addition, a geographic information consumer may utilize linked geodata in order to access publicly
available open geographic data and information sources.
7.1.2.3 Geographic information producer
A geographic information producer is a skilled member of the general public who creates and shares
geographic data and/or geographic information through application providers using seamless public
access mechanisms.
The geographic context of a geographic information producer can be inferred through a well-defined set
of geographic context-aware processes from a geographic context producer.
A geographic information producer creates well-defined features that universally represent all types of
geographic information in an unambiguous way. In addition, those features can be publicly accessible
via Linked GeoData mechanisms.
7.1.3 UPA service provider
In a ubiquitous computing infrastructure, a UPA service provider enables various application objects
in a UPA-to-GI environment to communicate with each other in a seamless manner via open interfaces
between different components and geographic information applications.
As shown in Figure 4, the mechanism for seamless public access to geographic information should include
standardized interfaces to varied ubiquitous computing infrastructures such as sensor networks.
7.1.4 Geographic context producer
A geographic context producer is a type of geographic information service provider that can extract
contextual information via the process of geographic context-awareness, which eventually extracts
or infers three types of geographic context information: location context, geospatial context, and
geosemantic context.
A geographic context producer plays a key role in making geographic information services intelligent
and ubiquitous by enabling context-aware geographic information services.
A geographic context producer implements the mechanism of seamless public access between ubiquitous
public access services and geographic information services in order to extract relevant geographic
contexts of the users (i.e. geographic information consumers and geographic information producers).
7.2 Information viewpoint
7.2.1 Overview
Information viewpoint focuses on the data as well as its semantics. This viewpoint describes the
information managed by the system along with the structure and content type of the supporting data.
The semantics and requirements for the processing of UPA service information using UML schema
definitions are specified in 7.2.2 and 7.3.2.
The information viewpoint in this International Standard provides a general feature model in which
all feature types have linked proprieties, attributes or associations, and operations, in one or multiple
domains of discourse.
14 © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

7.2.2 Context information model
This International Standard specifies the UPA Context Information Model, as shown in Figure 5, using
the following three sub-packages:
— UPA Locational Context (7.2.3);
— UPA Geospatial Context (7.2.4);
— UPA GeoSemantic Context (7.2.5).
The UPA Context Information Model conceptualizes a standardized mechanism for an information
system or service to extract different levels of context on geographic information such as various
representations of locations about the users.
UP A G eoSem antic Con te xt
+ UP A_GeoSem anticCo ntext
+ UP A_GeoSem anticCo ntextRul e
+ UP A_GeoSem anticsT yp e
UP A Lo ca ti onal Con te xt
+ UP A _Lo ca ti onal Co ntext
UP A Ge ospa ti al Con te xt
+ UP A _Lo ca ti onal Co ntextRul e
+ UP A _Lo ca ti onal Co ntextE le me nt + UP A_Geospa ti al Co ntext
+ UP A _Lo ca ti onById en ti i er + UP A_Geospa ti al Co ntextRul e
+ UP A _Lo ca ti onByGe om aticsS ervi ce s + UP A_Geospa ti al Co ntextT yp e
+ UP A _Lo ca ti onBySensin gSe rvices
Figure 5 — Sub-packages of the UPA Context Information model
7.2.3 Package — UPA Locational Context
7.2.3.1 Overview
The UPA Locational Context package contains core classes and their associations for retrieving locational
context from various types of location representations. These classes include
— UPA_Locationa
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