ISO 16145-3:2012

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16145-3
First edition
2012-10-01
Ships and marine technology — Protective
coatings and inspection method —
Part 3:
Cargo oil tanks of crude oil tankers
Navires et technologie maritime — Revêtements de protection et
méthode d’inspection —
Partie 3: Réservoirs d’huile de chargement de réservoirs de pétrole brut
Reference number
©
ISO 2012
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 3
4.1 Symbols . 3
4.2 Abbreviated terms . 3
5 General procedures for coating work . 3
6 Standard for coating work . 4
6.1 Areas considered . 4
6.2 Surface preparation . 6
6.3 Primary surface preparation and shop priming . 7
6.4 Secondary surface preparation . 9
6.5 Coating .10
6.6 Treatment for coating defects .13
7 Inspection .14
7.1 Inspection procedure .14
7.2 Coating inspection .14
7.3 Dry film thickness measurement .16
Annex A (informative) Measurement of the conductivity for abrasives .21
Annex B (informative) Measurement of water soluble salt.23
Annex C (informative) Inspection items and management of inspection .25
Annex D (informative) Assessment of the degree of damage .30
Annex E (informative) Standard for coating technical file (CTF) .31
Bibliography .40
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 16145-3 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 8, Ships and marine technology, Subcommittee
SC 8, Ship design.
ISO 16145 consists of the following parts, under the general title Ships and marine technology — Protective
coatings and inspection method:
— Part 1: Dedicated sea water ballast tanks
— Part 2: Void spaces of bulk carriers and oil tankers
— Part 3: Cargo oil tanks of crude oil tankers
The following parts are under preparation:
— Part 4: Automated measuring method for the total amount of water-soluble salts
— Part 5: Assessment method for coating damages
iv © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

Introduction
The ISO 16145 series addresses qualified coating and inspection works in accordance with the
requirements of IMO PSPC.
Technical Committee ISO/TC 8, Ships and marine technology, SC 8, Ship design has decided to standardize
a coating and inspection method for the IMO PSPC series.
Coating quality itself depends largely on the surface preparation and coating application. Therefore, the right
application of surface preparation and coating in accordance with coating manufacturer’s recommendations
including inspections at each step are of vital importance.
This part of ISO 16145 is intended to serve as a standard for ship owners, shipyards, coating manufacturers,
coating inspectors and coating applicators in applying IMO PSPC in the new building stage.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16145-3:2012(E)
Ships and marine technology — Protective coatings and
inspection method —
Part 3:
Cargo oil tanks of crude oil tankers
1 Scope
This part of ISO 16145 specifies a method of protective coatings and its inspection of cargo oil tanks for crude
oil tankers of not less than 5 000 tones deadweight, which are contracted for new building on or after 1 January
2013; or in the absence of a building contract, the keels of which are laid or which are at a similar stage of
construction on or after 1 July 2013; or the delivery of which is on or after 1 January 2016.
NOTE A crude oil tanker is an oil tanker engaged in the trade of carrying crude oil. This part of ISO 16145 applies to
crude oil tankers and crude oil/product carriers as defined in items 1.11.1 or 1.11.4 of the Supplement to the International
Oil Pollution Prevention Certificate (Form B).
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable
for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 8501-1:2007, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products — Visual
assessment of surface cleanliness — Part 1: Rust grades and preparation grades of uncoated steel substrates
and of steel substrates after overall removal of previous coatings
1)
ISO 8501-3:2001 , Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products — Visual
assessment of surface cleanliness — Part 3: Preparation grades of welds, cut edges and other areas with
surface imperfections
ISO 8502-3:1992, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products — Tests for
the assessment of surface cleanliness — Part 3: Assessment of dust on steel surfaces prepared for painting
(pressure-sensitive tape method)
ISO 8502-9:1998, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products — Tests for
the assessment of surface cleanliness — Part 9: Field method for the conductometric determination of water-
soluble salts
ISO 8503-1:2012, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products — Surface
roughness characteristics of blast-cleaned steel substrates — Part 1: Specifications and definitions for ISO
surface profile comparators for the assessment of abrasive
ISO 8503-2:2012, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products — Surface
roughness characteristics of blast-cleaned steel substrates — Part 2: Method for the grading of surface profile
of abrasive blast-cleaned steel — Comparator procedure
IACS UI SC223, For Application of SOLAS Regulation II-1/3-2 Performance Standard for Protective Coatings
(PSPC) for Dedicated Seawater Ballast Tanks in All Types of Ships and Double-side Skin Spaces of Bulk
Carriers, adopted by Resolution MSC.215 (82)
IMO Res.MSC.288 (87), Performance standard for protective coatings for cargo oil tanks of crude oil tankers
1) Withdrawn International Standard revised by ISO 8501-3:2006.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
90/10 rule
rule according to which 90% of all thickness measurements should be greater than or equal to nominal dry film
thickness (NDFT) and none of the remaining 10% measurements shall be below 90% of NDFT
3.2
abrasive
metallic or non-metallic particles which are used in blasting work for removing mill scale, rust or foreign
substance on the surface to be coated using pressurized air or a high-speed rotating impeller
NOTE A steel shot ball is used mainly in the primary surface preparation and steel grit is used mainly in the secondary
surface preparation; however, garnet or non-metallic abrasives may be used in some circumstances.
3.3
coating inspector
qualified person certified to at least NACE Coating Inspector Level 2, FROSIO Inspector Level III, or an equivalent
qualification with at least two years’ documented relevant coating inspection experience and as agreed by ship
owner, shipyard and coating manufacturer as specified in IACS UI SC223, adopted by Resolution MSC.215 (82)
3.4
erection
final assembly of blocks or pre-erected blocks
EXAMPLE On the dry dock or ground building berth.
3.5
line quality controller
line QC
person, other than the coating inspector or assistant to the coating inspector, who carries out the inspection
work prior to the official inspection
3.6
measurement of representative dry film thickness (DFT)
measurement of typical dry film thickness (DFT) after each main coating in order to use it as a reference in a
follow-up coating by measuring the film thickness of certain representative parts of the compartment
NOTE It is not necessary to keep a record of the representative DFT.
3.7
pre-erection
assembly of blocks in large units corresponding to the crane capacity for erection
3.8
shop primer
prefabrication primer coating applied to steel plates, often in automatic plants (and before the first coat of a
coating system)
3.9
stain
light shadows, slight streaks or minor discolorations
2 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
4.1 Symbols
C electric conductivity of solutions
m
C electric conductivity of abrasive
s
K cell constant
4.2 Abbreviated terms
CTF coating technical file
DFT dry film thickness
FROSIO Faglig Råd for Opplæring og Sertifisering av Inspektører innen Overflatebehandling
(The Norwegian Professional Council for Education and Certification of Inspectors
for Surface Treatment)
IACS International Association of Classification Societies Ltd
IMO International Maritime Organization
JSRA-SPSS The Shipbuilding Research Association of Japan - Standard for the preparation of
steel surface prior to painting
JSTRA SPSS for PSPC Japan Ship Technology Research Association - Standard for the preparation of
steel substrate for PSPC (SPSS for PSPC)
NACE NACE International
NDFT nominal dry film thickness
PSPC performance standard for protective coatings
QA quality assurance
QC quality control
SOC statement of compliance
SSPC The Society for Protective Coatings (former Steel Structure Painting Council, USA)
TAC type approval certificate
COT cargo oil tank
5 General procedures for coating work
The typical hull construction process for coating is listed in Table 1 below.
Table 1 — Typical coating and inspection steps for hull structure
Step Item Description
1 Storage of steel Storage area for plates and profiles.
2 Primary surface preparation (pre-treatment) Remove mill scale, rust, and other contaminants and apply
and shop priming shop primer. Details are given in 6.2.
3 Inspection for primary surface preparation and Carry out a self-inspection in accordance with the QA
shop priming system. The QA system contains a regular check and record
of surface cleanness, surface profile, DFT measurement, salt
measurement, etc.
4 Steel cutting Cut steel for assembly.
5 Sub-assembly Primary assembly step on a small or medium scale. Carry
out the work including edge preparation in accordance with
ISO 8501-3:2001 (P2 grade). Details are given in 6.3.3 for
edge preparation.
6 Block assembly or unit and panel assembly A step of assembling the members assembled in a small or
medium scale into block unit. Carry out the work including
edge preparation in accordance with ISO 8501-3:2001 (P2
grade). Details are given in 6.3.3 for edge preparation.
7 Pre-outfitting Install outfits such as pipes and supports prior to block
coating.
8 Secondary surface preparation (block stage) Details are given in 6.4 for the secondary surface preparation
for completed block.
9 Inspection for secondary surface preparation Inspection by a coating inspector (or an assistant to coating
(block stage) inspector under direct supervision of the coating inspector).
10 Block coating Details are given in 6.5 for the step of coating on the block
where surface preparation and inspection are completed.
11 Inspection for block coating Inspection by a coating inspector (or an assistant to coating
inspector under direct supervision of the coating inspector).
12 Pre-erection Assemble blocks in large units corresponding to the crane
capacity for erection.
13 Secondary surface preparation and coating for Details are given in 6.4 and 6.5 for surface preparation and
pre-erection joint coating work of the welding joint of pre-erection.
14 Inspection for pre-erection joint Inspection by a coating inspector (or an assistant to coating
inspector under direct supervision of the coating inspector).
15 Erection Final assembly step of blocks or pre-erected blocks on the
dry dock or ground building berth.
16 Secondary surface preparation and coating for Details are given in 6.4 and 6.5 for the step of secondary
erection joint surface preparation and coating work on erection joint.
17 Inspection erection joint Inspection by a coating inspector (or an assistant to coating
inspector under direct supervision of the coating inspector).
18 Completion Completion and final coating touch up and repair.
Steps 12 to 14 may be omitted depending on the size of blocks and the conditions of each shipyard.
6 Standard for coating work
6.1 Areas considered
The following areas are the minimum areas that shall be coated according to IMO Res.MSC.288 (87). See Figure 1.
a) Deckhead with complete internal structure, including brackets connecting to longitudinal and transverse
bulkheads. In tanks with ring frame girder construction, the under deck transverse framing shall be coated
down to the level of the first tripping bracket below the upper faceplate.
4 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

b) Longitudinal and transverse bulkheads shall be coated to the uppermost means of access level. The
uppermost means of access and its supporting brackets shall be fully coated.
c) On cargo tank bulkheads without an uppermost means of access the coating shall extend to 10 % of the
height of the tank at centre line but need not extend more than 3 m down from the deck.
d) The flat inner bottom and all structures to a height of 0,3 m above the inner bottom shall be coated.
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 upper deck
2 side shell
3 outer longitudinal bulkhead
4 inner longitudinal bulkhead
5 water ballast tank
6 centre cargo oil tank
7 side cargo oil tank
8 first tripping bracket
9 bulkhead plate
10 web frame
11 detail of bulkhead connection
a
The oblique lined part shows the area that shall be coated at a minimum.
b
Dimension “A” shall be from uppermost PMA height to upper deck height.
Figure 1 — Midship section of VLCC
6.2 Surface preparation
6.2.1 Applicable standard
6.2.1.1 Grade of surface cleanliness
For further details including picture, see ISO 8501-1:2007 and ISO 8501-1:1988/Suppl:1994.
a) Sa 2 (thorough blast cleaning)
When viewed without magnification, the surface shall be free from visible oil, grease and dirt, and most of
the mill scale, rust, paint coatings and foreign matter. Any remaining contamination shall be attached solidly.
b) Sa 2½ (very thorough blast cleaning)

When viewed without magnification, the surface shall be free from visible oil, grease and dirt, as well as
mill scale, rust, paint coatings and foreign matter. Any remaining traces of contamination shall show only
as slight stains in the form of spots or stripes.
c) St 2 (thorough hand and power tool cleaning)
When viewed without magnification, the surface shall be free from visible oil, grease and dirt, as well as
poorly adhering mill scale, rust, paint coatings and foreign matter.
d) St 3 (very thorough hand and power tool cleaning)
As for St 2, the surface shall be treated much more thoroughly to give a metallic shine arising from the
metallic substrate.
6.2.1.2 Comparison with other standards
Comparison of the grade of surface preparation with other standards is shown in Table 2.
Table 2 — Comparison of the grade of surface preparation with other standards
ISO 8501-1:2007 SIS 05 59 00 SSPC-Vis 1/Vis 3 NACE
Sa 2 Sa 2 SSPC-SP 6 NACE No. 3
Sa 2½ Sa 2½ SSPC-SP 10 NACE No. 2
St 2 St 2 SSPC-SP 2 —
St 3 St 3 SSPC-SP 3 —
6.2.1.3 Inspection of surface preparation
The prepared surface shall be inspected as follows.
a) Examine the condition of steel surface visually immediately before coating application and compare to the
surface preparation photographs in ISO 8501-1:2007.
b) A rational decision shall be made after considering the following fully:
1) The object to be coated is much larger and has a more complex shape than the photographs in
ISO 8501-1:2007.
2) Stains are allowed up to 5 % for Sa 2½ and up to 30 % for Sa 2.
3) The surface to be inspected may be different than the pictures in ISO 8501-1:2007 because the final
prepared surface colour is dependent on lighting, type and size of blast material and initial steel
surface grade.
6 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

6.2.2 Reference to the secondary surface preparation
6.2.2.1 Internationally recognized standards such as ISO 8501-1:2007, SSPC-Vis 1 or SSPC-Vis 3 shall
be used for the inspection of surface preparation. The JSRA/JSTRA standard may be used for inspection of
secondary surface preparation.
NOTE The JSRA/JSTRA standard may be referred to for information that is not contained in the standard for
secondary surface preparation of ISO 8501-1:2007.
6.2.2.2 Table 3 shall be used as a reference for comparison of ISO international standards and
JSRA/JSTRA standards.
Table 3 — Comparison between ISO international standards and JSRA/JSTRA standards
JSTRA standard (SPSS
Method of preparation ISO 8501-1:2007 JSRA-SPSS
for PSPC)
B Sa 1, C Sa 1 (IH, IA, IF, ID, IR) Ss —
B Sa 2 (IH, IA, IF, ID, IR) Sd1 —
Blast cleaning
B Sa 2½ (IH, IA, IF, ID, IR) Sd2 Sa 2½, Rec
B Sa 3 (IH, IA, IF, ID, IR) Sd3 —
— (IH, IA, IF, ID, IR) Pt1 —
Hand tool or power tool
B St 2, C St 2 (IH, IA, IF, ID, IR) Pt2 —
cleaning
B St 3, C St 3 (IH, IA, IF, ID, IR) Pt3 St 3, Rec
6.3 Primary surface preparation and shop priming
6.3.1 Primary surface preparation
6.3.1.1 The steel plates and profiles of the hull to be coated shall be blasted to the grade of Sa 2½ with the
surface roughness of between 30 µm and 75 µm [Medium (G) or Medium (S)]. The measurement (and decision)
of surface roughness shall be done in accordance with ISO 8503-1:2012 and ISO 8503-2:2012.
6.3.1.2 In the event that the relative humidity in the blasting chamber (cell) is higher than 85 % or the
temperature of steel surface is lower than 3 °C above the dew point, blasting work shall not be carried out.
6.3.1.3 After surface preparation, the cleanliness of the steel surface and surface roughness shall be inspected
prior to applying shop primer in accordance with the recommendations of the coating manufacturer.
6.3.1.4 The requirements for the inspection of primary surface preparation shall be a periodic spot check at least
once per month normally, in the event that the following conditions are met and such a procedure is documented:
a) Primary surface preparation is to be carried out in the facility in which the environment and quality level
are not substantially changed.
NOTE Substantially changed means an environment change under the level mentioned in 6.3.1.2.
b) Primary surface preparation and coating work are done automatically.
c) Shop primer is coated immediately after the surface preparation.
d) Steel surface condition is unchanged.
6.3.1.5 Considering contamination from foreign substances, an allowable water soluble salt level of abrasive
shall be controlled through a QA system so that it maintains the conductivity of 250 µS/cm or less. See Annex A
for measurement of conductivity using ISO 11127-6.
6.3.1.6 The allowable water soluble salt content on the surface shall be lower than 50 mg/m , and the
measurement shall be done in accordance with ISO 8502-9:1998 or NACE SP0508-2010. See Annex B for
measurement of water soluble salt according to ISO 8502-9:1998.
6.3.1.7 Type approved shop primer shall be used in accordance with the recommendation of the coating
manufacturer.
6.3.2 Shop priming
6.3.2.1 One coat of inorganic zinc silicate shop primer or another type of approved shop primer as an
alternative system shall be applied on the steel surface with the dry film thickness recommended by the coating
manufacturer immediately after primary surface preparation for the purpose of prevention of regeneration of rust.
6.3.2.2 Compatibility of the shop primer with the main coating system shall be confirmed by the coating
manufacturer. If compatibility with the main coating system is not proven, the shop primer shall be prepared to
Sa 2 ensuring that at least 70 % of the shop primer is removed.
6.3.2.3 The coating system shall comply with TAC and SOC requirements.
6.3.3 Steel condition
6.3.3.1 Edges shall be treated in a minimum radius of 2 mm, or three pass grindings or at least an equivalent
process to three pass grindings. See Figure 2 for three pass grindings.
NOTE “Equivalent process” is a process that produces an edge profile geometrically equivalent to, or better than that
usually obtained by three pass grindings which results in an effective coating performance.
Key
1 first pass grinding
2 second (or third) pass grinding
3 third (or second) pass grinding
Figure 2 — Diagram for three pass grindings
8 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

6.4 Secondary surface preparation
6.4.1 General
6.4.1.1 The JSRA/JSTRA standard is recommended as a supplemental standard to ISO 8501-1:2007.
6.4.1.2 Fumes occurring while welding and cutting shall be properly treated in accordance with the
recommendation of the coating manufacturer.
6.4.1.3 Spatters around the welding line shall be removed. However, spatters which have obtuse angles and
which are stuck firmly to the surface shall be left as is in accordance with ISO 8501-3:2001 (P2 grade).
6.4.1.4 A defect such as a blowhole on a welding bead may be filled with putty if re-welding is not necessary
and the putty shall be compatible with the main coating system confirmed by the coating manufacturer.
6.4.1.5 The surface of the cutting edge, welding bead and the damaged part may be shop coated with a standard
primer of the shipyard up to the possible range in accordance with the convenience of the shipyard or fabricator.
6.4.2 Secondary surface preparation in the block assembly step
6.4.2.1 The damaged shop primer and welding bead including the area mentioned in 6.4.1.5 shall be blasted
to the grade of Sa 2 ½.
NOTE “Damaged shop primer” is the area in which the condition of the shop primer, in the opinion of the coating
inspector or coating manufacturer of the main coating system, will result in reduced performance of the main coating
system. For example, it is possible to suggest a fire damaged part or a rusted part.
6.4.2.2 Contaminants such as zinc salt remaining on the retained shop primer shall be removed in a method
such as disc sweeping or sweep blasting as recommended by the coating manufacturer.
6.4.2.3 The surface roughness shall be between 30 µm and 75 µm [Medium (G) or Medium (S)] if full or
partial blasting, and the measurement (and decision) shall be done in accordance with ISO 8503-1:2012 and
ISO 8503-2:2012.
NOTE Full or partial blasting is the blasting work carried out on the damaged primer part and welding line described
in 6.4.2.1. Sweep blasting for simple cleaning purposes does not correspond to this, and the roughness of the surface is
in accordance with the recommendation of the coating manufacturer.
6.4.2.4 St 3 may be accepted for surface treatment to rectify small and insufficiently treated areas after blasting.
6.4.2.5 Water-soluble salts shall be measured in at least one location per block after the surface preparation,
and the allowable water soluble salt level shall be lower than 50 mg/m , and the measurement shall be based
on ISO 8502-9:1998 or NACE SP0508-2010. See Annex B for measurement of water soluble salt according to
ISO 8502-9:1998.
6.4.3 Secondary surface preparation in the pre-erection and erection step (surface preparation
after erection)
6.4.3.1 The surface of the pre-erection and erection joints shall be treated to St 3 or better or to Sa 2½ if possible.
6.4.3.2 The damaged part shall be treated to St 3 grade if the coating damage is less than 2 % of the total
area of the tank. However, contiguous damages more than 25 m or a damaged area of more than 2 % of the
total area of the tank shall be blasted to the grade of Sa 2 ½. See Annex D for assessment of the damages.
NOTE The term damage means that the damage has reached the steel surface.
6.4.3.3 The damaged part of bottom parts shall be treated to St 3 grade if the coating damage is less than
20 % of the area to be coated. However, contiguous damages more than 25 m or a damaged area of more than
20 % of area to be coated shall be treated to Sa 2½. See Annex D for assessment of the damages.
6.4.3.4 The defects remaining between the layers of film shall be repaired in accordance with the
recommendation of the coating manufacturer. Such kinds of defects, pre-erection joint, erection joint and
damage in the vicinity of pre-erection and erection joint shall be excluded in the calculation of 3 % or 20 % and
contiguous 25 m in 6.4.3.2 and 6.4.3.3.
6.4.3.5 Usually, the fillet welding on the tank boundary watertight bulkhead is left without coating in the block
stage (because leakage test has not yet been carried out), in which case it can be categorized as an erection
joint (“butt”) to be handled by power tooling to St 3 and excluded in the calculation of 3 % or 20 % and contiguous
25 m in 6.4.3.2 and 6.4.3.3.
NOTE The use of a type of approved zinc silicate shop primer over blasted weld lines is masked by tape before block
painting. The masking tape is removed after block painting or before pressure testing. Simply washing and drying the zinc
shop primer coated weld lines before over coating could reduce power tool cleaning later.
6.4.3.6 Coating in overlap shall be treated in accordance with the coating manufacturer’s recommendation.
Compatibility between main coatings shall be confirmed by the coating manufacturer when a certified main
coating inevitably contacts or overlaps with another type of certified main coating, e.g. partial re-coating of
damaged part and coating nearby butts, where different seasonal type of coatings have to be applied due to
changes in environmental conditions.
6.4.3.7 Inspection for confirming suitable conditions for the erection joint, including the pre-erection joint, prior
to coating may be limited to visual inspection at the coating inspector’s discretion.
6.5 Coating
6.5.1 Cleaning prior to coating
6.5.1.1 Moisture shall be removed until it becomes invisible to the naked eye.
6.5.1.2 Oil components (oil and grease) shall be properly removed by using solvent, etc. in accordance with
SSPC SP1 or the recommendation of the coating manufacturer; however, the stains may remain.
6.5.1.3 Contaminants such as dust or dirt shall be removed from the surface by an appropriate method such
as compressed air or a vacuum cleaner, dust cloth, broom, etc.
Visual inspection shall be carried out for inspection of dust after surface preparation and cleaning, and the tape
test (in accordance with ISO 8502-3:1992) may be omitted if the related inspector(s) agrees.
The dust quantity rating of “1” is applied to the dust size class of “3”, “4” and “5”, and the dust of smaller size,
which is limited to the dust visible to the naked eye without a magnifier or other subsidiary instrument, shall be
removed from the surface.
Dust of small size less than the dust size class of “3” is not visible to the naked eye unless it accumulates
in large quantities. The dust of small size accumulated together, which is visible to the naked eye, shall be
removed until it is no longer visible.
The dust which exceeds the dust quantity rating of “1” (for the dust size class of “3”, “4” and “5”), shall be
corrected (removed) to the level that satisfies the coating inspector.
6.5.1.4 A marking pen recommended by the coating manufacturer is used and the marking is not removed.
10 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

6.5.2 Coating work
6.5.2.1 Main coating work
6.5.2.1.1 An airless spray is generally used, and a brush or roller may be used for areas where it is more
suitable than airless spray.
6.5.2.1.2 Intervals for re-coating, and factors such as the mixing ratio, etc. shall be based on the recommendation
of the coating manufacturer.
6.5.2.1.3 Coating work shall not be done when the relative humidity is higher than 85 % or the temperature of
the steel plate is less than 3 °C above the dew point.
6.5.2.1.4 Discoloration and/or colour difference due to the different place and time of application and aging
of paint, which does not affect the quality and performance of coating, should be confirmed by the coating
manufacturer and may be left without further treatment.
6.5.2.1.5 The damaged part of the galvanized material can be coated for repair with one coat of zinc-rich
primer or the same coating specification as surroundings or equivalent in accordance with the recommendation
of the coating manufacturer.
6.5.2.1.6 A coating worker shall measure the wet film thickness (WFT) regularly in order to achieve the
specified dry film thickness.
6.5.2.1.7 Representative dry film thickness shall be measured after each main coating for the guideline of final
coating. In that case, the provision of 7.3 is not applied.
6.5.2.1.8 The total dry film thickness shall be confirmed after final coating in accordance with the provision of 7.3.
6.5.2.1.9 Nominal dry film thickness (NDFT) shall be 320 µm, and the 90/10 rule shall be applied.
6.5.2.1.10 The maximum total dry film thickness shall be based on the detailed guidelines of the coating
manufacturer, and attention shall be paid so that excessive film thickness does not occur.
6.5.2.1.11 Any use of thinners shall be in accordance with the recommendation of the coating manufacturer.
6.5.2.1.12 Light colour shall be used in the final coating in order to make it easier to conduct an inspection
during operation.
NOTE Light colour is a colour that reflects light to an extent that a simple flashlight (hand torch) makes inspection
easy and fast. Usually, light grey, buff, off-white, swimming pool blue/green, etc. are easily distinguishable from rust.
6.5.2.2 Stripe coating
6.5.2.2.1 A stripe coating is a coating that is applied so as not to leave an uncoated part or give the dry film
thickness and ensure good adhesion in the weak part such as edges, welds, and parts which are difficult to access.
6.5.2.2.2 A stripe coating shall be done by using brush, roller or an equivalent method. A roller may be used
for scallops, rat holes, etc., but not for edges and welds.
6.5.2.2.3 A stripe coating with a minimum of two coats is required in the welding bead and edge part, and
one coat (first or second) of stripe coating may be omitted in order to avoid excessive dry film thickness on the
welding bead if the nominal dry film thickness (NDFT) is satisfied. One coat (first or second) of stripe coating
omitted shall be described in detail in the coating technical file (CTF).
NOTE A CTF is a document set covering the specification applied in the coating system, a record relating to the
coating work of shipyard and ship owner, a detailed standard for selecting the coating system, specification, inspection,
maintenance and repair. It is drafted by each inspection party and collected by the shipyard and submitted to the
administration for review. See Annex E for details on the CTF.
6.5.2.2.4 The dry film thickness within 15 mm from the welding bead shall be measured in order to omit one
coat (first or second) of stripe coating, and the verification of nominal dry film thickness (NDFT) is carried out in
the method of measuring flat plate based on the statistical sampling method as described in 7.3.
The decision whether to omit the first or the second stripe coating shall be done by the coating inspector under
the condition that the nominal dry film thickness (NDFT) is satisfied.
NOTE Example of statistical sampling: measurement is done in 30 points per block.
6.5.2.2.5 The colour of stripe coating can be decided by the shipyard in accordance with the recommendation
of the coating manufacturer.
6.5.2.2.6 General stripe coating standards for each part are shown in Table 4.
Table 4 — Stripe coating standards for each part
Item Treatment Part to be applied No. Execution Remarks
Small hole
j
End part of
hole
Big hole
k
By grinding
Collar plate
l After
Edge cut
(or before)
Free edge
with flame Support
m
Edge part first coat and
member
second coat
By rolling
(or final coat)
Built-up section
n
equipment
By rolling Section steel
Rolled edge
o
equipment (section and flat bar)
Automatic
welding, By welding Joint part of transverse/ Stripe coating
After
semi- machine or longitudinal strength member of two coats
p
(or before) first
Welding automatic equipment and flat plate if nominal dry
coat or second
bead welding film thickness
coat
(NDFT) is not
Joint part of collar plate
q (or final coat)
Manual
enough
Manually
welding
Joint part of small stiffener r
NOTE See Figure 3 for numbers (j to r).
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a)  Scallop b)  Manhole c)  Collar plate d)  Stiffener
Figure 3 — Detail of stripe coating for each part
6.6 Treatment for coating defects
The coating defect which the coating inspector deems in need of repair during the coating work is based
on Table 5. The details follow the ordinary practice of the shipyard and the recommendation of the coating
manufacturer.
Table 5 — Correction method for each coating defect
Kind of defect Method of treatment
1)  Leave it as it is if the blushing is minute or occurs in the limited part.
2)  Remove it with thinner in the part in need of repair where it occurred before carrying out the
Blushing
succeeding coating. Then carry out the succeeding coating.
3)  Leave it as it is if it occurs on the surface after coating is finished.
1)  Remove it with a hand tool or power tool (light pinholes are not necessary to remove but
treated by paper and touch up coating to be done).
Pinholes
2)  Coat in accordance with the original coating specification after treating the surface.
1)  Remove it with a scraper etc.
Bubbles
2)  Coat in accordance with the original coating specification after treating the surface.
1)  Remove foreign substances, e.g. rust.
Voids
2)  Coat in accordance with the original coating specification.
7 Inspection
7.1 Inspection procedure
7.1.1 Inspection procedure for surface preparation and coating shall be agreed upon among the ship owner,
shipyard and coating manufacturer and presented to the administration (classification society) for review. It
is possible to make a request for the administration to participate in the above process of agreement. Clear
evidence materials for such inspections shall be included in the coating technical file (CTF) and submitted to the
administration (for verification).
7.1.2 Inspection shall be carried out by the coating inspector(s) certified at a minimum to NACE Coating
Inspector Level 2, FROSIO Inspector Level III or equivalent as specified in IACS UI SC223, 6.1 interpretations
and verified by the administration.
7.1.3 Selection of the coating inspector is regarded as a part of the matter for agreement in 7.1.1.
7.1.4 The coating inspector may appoint an assistant to coating inspector to carry out a part of the inspection
under the coating inspector’s supervision.
7.1.5 The coating inspector shall confirm at least the items described in this part of ISO 16145 during the
surface preparation and coating process. The confirmation of dry film thickness shall be done by non-destructive
inspection methods.
7.1.6 If the coating inspectors require additional tests, measurement and inspection above the requirement of
the agreed inspection specification, the inspector shall have a clear reason but he has the right to do so.
7.1.7 Inspection results shall be recorded and verified, and shall be collected in the CTF.
7.2 Coating inspection
7.2.1 General
The coating inspector shall inspect the surface preparation and coating work in accordance with Annex C.
14 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

7.2.2 Attendance of inspection
The shipyard or fabricator shall give the coating inspector a notice for the inspection schedule for the items to
be inspected. The results of inspection shall be recorded on the inspection report including some notes, if any.
7.2.3 Notice of inspection
7.2.3.1 The shipyard or fabricator shall make an inspection notice prior to starting inspection if the inspection
is on the schedule.
7.2.3.2 The shipyard or fabricator shall make a notice, after readjusting the inspection plan, if the inspection
item is cancelled or added by the shipyard or fabricator due to an urgent situation considering the characteristics
of the coating work.
7.2.3.3 The shipyard or fabricator shall make an effort to carry out a coating inspection during construction
period or regular working hours. However, in the event that it is necessary to inspect at a time other than during
regular working hours, including weekends or holidays, in order to meet the building schedule, the shipyard or
fabricator shall notify the inspector in advance in sufficient time to allow the inspector to be present and the
coating inspector shall cooperate with the shipyard or fabricator by attending such inspection.
7.2.4 Inspection results
7.2.4.1 If the coating inspector requests an additional test, measurement, etc. to that described in the scope
of this part of ISO 16145, reasonable evidence for the request shall be made in advance.
7.2.4.2 The decision of the inspection results shall be made reasonably, in accordance with common
knowledge and PSPC requirements.
7.2.5 Inspection items
The coating inspector, including the assistant to the coating inspector, shall inspect the items described in
Table 6, as a minimum, during the progress of surface preparation and coating work.
Table 6 — Coating inspection items
Step Inspection item Remarks
Temperature of steel plate, relative humidity,
dew point
Primary surface
Degree of water soluble salt
Periodic check (usually once per month)
preparation
Oil, grease and other contaminants
Dry film thickness of shop primer
Condition of steel plate (e.g. treatment of edge Visual check prior to the start of secondary
etc.) surface preparation after fabrication of block
Temperature of steel plate, relative humidity,
Observation record during or after coating
dew point
Visual check prior to the start of secondary
Oil, grease and other contaminants
surface preparation after fabrication of block
Block fabrication
Measurement of the degree of salt content is
and block coating
carried out once per block. Visual inspection
Degree of water soluble salt, dust, surface shall be carried out to check dust level at steel
roughness surfaces. Tape test of dust level according to
IS
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