ISO 14955-5:2020
(Main)Machine tools — Environmental evaluation of machine tools — Part 5: Principles for testing woodworking machine tools with respect to energy supplied
Machine tools — Environmental evaluation of machine tools — Part 5: Principles for testing woodworking machine tools with respect to energy supplied
This document specifies technical requirements for testing procedures for evaluation of energy supplied during use phase for the design of machine tools to process wood and materials with similar physical characteristics to wood. This document, along with ISO 14955‑1 and ISO 14955‑2, covers all significant energy requirements relevant to woodworking machine tools, when they are used as intended and under the conditions foreseen by the manufacturer/supplier. This document defines relevant operating states, optional shift regimes and optional machine tool activities for several types of woodworking machine tools. This document also applies to peripheral devices which are supplied as an integral part of the machine. This document also applies to machine tools which are part of an integrated manufacturing system where the energy required is comparable to those of machine tools working separately. This document applies to the following woodworking machine tools: — NC boring and routing machines; — horizontal beam panel sawing machines; — vertical panel sawing machines; — edge banding machines fed by chains; — wide belt calibrating and sanding machines; — four-sided moulding machines; — tenoning and/or profiling machines; — foiling/laminating machines; — dimension saws and circular saw benches; — single spindle vertical moulding machines (toupie); — surface planing, thickness planing, combined surface/thickness planing machines; — band sawing machines; — combined machines; — multi-blade rip-sawing machines; — presses and bending presses; — mounting presses. A list of energy efficiency improvements for woodworking machine tools is given in Annex A.
Machines-outils — Évaluation environnementale des machines-outils — Partie 5: Principes d'essai des machines-outils pour le travail du bois concernant l'énergie fournie
Le présent document spécifie les exigences techniques pour les procédures d'essais pour l'évaluation de l'énergie fournie pendant la phase d'utilisation pour la conception de machines-outils pour travailler le bois et les matériaux ayant des caractéristiques physiques similaires à celles du bois. Le présent document, conjointement à l'ISO 14955-1 et à l'ISO 14955-2, couvre toutes les demandes d'énergie significatives applicables aux machines-outils pour le travail du bois, lorsqu'elles sont utilisées comme prévu et dans les conditions prévues par le fabricant/fournisseur. Le présent document définit les états de fonctionnement pertinents, les régimes de postes facultatifs et les opérations facultatives des machines-outils pour différents types de machines-outils pour le travail du bois. Le présent document s'applique également aux dispositifs périphériques qui sont fournis en tant que partie intégrante de la machine. Le présent document s'applique également aux machines-outils qui font partie d'un système de fabrication intégré où l'énergie requise est comparable à celle de machines-outils isolées. Le présent document s'applique aux machines-outils pour le travail du bois suivantes: — perceuses et défonceuses CN; — scies à panneaux horizontales à presseur; — scies à panneaux verticales; — machines à plaquer sur chant à alimentation par chaînes; — machines de calibrage et de ponçage à bande large; — machines à moulurer sur quatre faces; — machines à tenonner et/ou à profiler; — machines de placage/contrecolleuses; — scies au format et scies circulaires à table de menuisier; — toupies monobroches à arbre vertical; — machines à dégauchir, machines à raboter, machines combinées à dégauchir/raboter; — machines à scie à ruban; — machines combinées; — déligneuses multi-lames; — presses et presses à cintrer; — presses de montage. Une liste des améliorations de l'efficacité énergétique des machines-outils pour le travail du bois est donnée dans l'Annexe A.
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 14955-5
First edition
2020-05
Machine tools — Environmental
evaluation of machine tools —
Part 5:
Principles for testing woodworking
machine tools with respect to energy
supplied
Machines-outils — Évaluation environnementale des machines-
outils —
Partie 5: Principes d'essai des machines-outils pour le travail du bois
concernant l'énergie fournie
Reference number
ISO 14955-5:2020(E)
©
ISO 2020
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ISO 14955-5:2020(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
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ISO 14955-5:2020(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 2
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Basics for measurement and calculation of energy supplied . 4
4.1 General . 4
4.2 Operating state OFF . 5
4.3 Operating state ON . 5
4.4 Operating state STANDBY . 5
4.5 Operating state WARM UP . 5
4.6 Operating state PROCESSING . 6
5 Evaluation of energy supplied to different types of woodworking machine tools .6
5.1 General . 6
5.2 Test scenarios . 8
6 Reporting . 8
6.1 Machine tool description . 8
6.2 Measurement setup description . 9
6.3 Results . 9
Annex A (informative) List of energy efficiency improvements for woodworking machine tools .10
Bibliography .27
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ISO 14955-5:2020(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www. iso. org/directives ).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www. iso. org/patents ).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www. iso. org/
iso/foreword . html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 39, Machine tools.
This document is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 14955-1 and ISO 14955-2.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www. iso. org/members . html.
A list of all parts in the ISO 14955 series can be found on the ISO website.
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ISO 14955-5:2020(E)
Introduction
As environmental impact is a common challenge for all products and natural resources become scarce,
environmental performance criteria for machine tools need to be defined and the use of these criteria
need to be specified.
Woodworking machine tools are complex products for industrial use to manufacture workpieces
ready for use or semi-finished products. Their environmental impact includes waste raw material, use
of auxiliary substances such as lubricants and other material flows as well as conversion of electrical
energy into heat, dissipation of heat to the ambient or heat exchange by fluids and eventually the use of
other resources such as compressed air.
Based on relevance considerations, the ISO 14955 series is focussed on environmental impacts during
the use phase.
The performance of a machine tool as key data for investment is multi-dimensional regarding its
economic value, its technical specification and its operating requirements which are influenced by the
specific application. The energy supplied to the same machine tool can vary depending on the workpiece
being manufactured and the conditions under which the machine tool is operated. Therefore, the
environmental evaluation of a machine tool cannot be done without considering these aspects.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14955-5:2020(E)
Machine tools — Environmental evaluation of machine
tools —
Part 5:
Principles for testing woodworking machine tools with
respect to energy supplied
1 Scope
This document specifies technical requirements for testing procedures for evaluation of energy
supplied during use phase for the design of machine tools to process wood and materials with similar
physical characteristics to wood.
This document, along with ISO 14955-1 and ISO 14955-2, covers all significant energy requirements
relevant to woodworking machine tools, when they are used as intended and under the conditions
foreseen by the manufacturer/supplier.
This document defines relevant operating states, optional shift regimes and optional machine tool
activities for several types of woodworking machine tools.
This document also applies to peripheral devices which are supplied as an integral part of the machine.
This document also applies to machine tools which are part of an integrated manufacturing system
where the energy required is comparable to those of machine tools working separately.
This document applies to the following woodworking machine tools:
— NC boring and routing machines;
— horizontal beam panel sawing machines;
— vertical panel sawing machines;
— edge banding machines fed by chains;
— wide belt calibrating and sanding machines;
— four-sided moulding machines;
— tenoning and/or profiling machines;
— foiling/laminating machines;
— dimension saws and circular saw benches;
— single spindle vertical moulding machines (toupie);
— surface planing, thickness planing, combined surface/thickness planing machines;
— band sawing machines;
— combined machines;
— multi-blade rip-sawing machines;
— presses and bending presses;
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ISO 14955-5:2020(E)
— mounting presses.
A list of energy efficiency improvements for woodworking machine tools is given in Annex A.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 14955-1, Machine tools — Environmental evaluation of machine tools — Part 1: Design methodology
for energy-efficient machine tools
ISO 14955-2:2018, Machine tools — Environmental evaluation of machine tools — Part 2: Methods for
measuring energy supplied to machine tools and machine tool components
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 14955-1, ISO 14955-2 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
numerically controlled boring and routing machine
NC boring and routing machine
integrated fed machine designed for the machining of workpieces by the use of milling and/or boring
tools having at least two orthogonal axes programmable by the user (e.g. X, Y) for positioning and/or
machining, where the axes operate in accordance with a NC work programme
[SOURCE: ISO 19085-3:2017, 3.1, modified — Note 1 to entry and the examples have been deleted.]
3.2
horizontal beam panel sawing machine
machine, designed for cutting panels, fitted with one travelling saw carriage per cutting line
incorporating one or more circular saw blades
[SOURCE: ISO 19085-2:2017, 3.1, modified — Note 1 to entry has been deleted.]
3.3
vertical panel sawing machine
machine designed for cutting panels where the workpiece is supported in a near vertical plane during
cutting and where the saw unit is mounted in front of the workpiece support
[SOURCE: ISO 19085-4:2018, 3.1, modified — Note 1 to entry has been deleted.]
3.4
edge banding machine fed by chains
machine designed for banding in one pass the edge band on one end of the workpiece (single end edge
banding machine) or on both ends of the workpiece (double end edge banding machine), consisting
of an edge banding zone with various units (e. g. heating, bonding, and pressing for flexible or solid
edges) and of a zone for additional operations such as snipping, trimming, milling, sanding, polishing,
chamfering etc., in addition the edge banding zone, can be preceded by a sizing/profiling zone
[SOURCE: ISO 18217:2015, 3.1, modified — Note 1 to entry and Figure 1 have been deleted.]
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ISO 14955-5:2020(E)
3.5
wide belt calibrating and sanding machine
machine used to calibrate and/or to sand panels and/or linear workpieces, fitted with an integrated
feed and sanding belts positioned above and/or below the workpiece level, with manual or automatic
loading and/or unloading
[SOURCE: ISO 19085-8:2018, 3.1, modified — In the term, "wide belt" has been added; the Notes to
entry, Figure 1 and Figure 2 have been deleted.]
3.6
four-sided moulding machine
machine for four-sided longitudinal processing with four or more working units with spindles, which
can be equipped with planing and/or moulding tools, at least one unit on each side of the workpiece,
and with integrated feed of the workpiece
3.7
tenoning and/or profiling machine
machine designed for production of a tenon and/or profile on one side of the workpiece (single end
machines) or on opposing sides of the workpiece (double end machine) in one pass, where the tenons
and/or profiles are cut by means of milling tools and/or saw blades mounted on one or more spindles
(on each machine half), and where the workpiece is fed manually or mechanically
3.8
foiling/laminating machine
machine tool to foil/laminate flat surfaces with sheets or rolls of, for example, high gloss foils or foils
of paper
Note 1 to entry: Example of a flat surface is a board.
3.9
dimension saw
hand-fed machine fitted with a single main circular saw blade, which is fixed in position during the
cutting operation, and a sliding table adjacent to the saw blade
[SOURCE: ISO 19085-5:2017, 3.1, modified — The Notes to entry and Figure 1 have been deleted.]
3.10
circular saw bench
table saw
hand-fed machine fitted with a single main circular saw blade which is fixed in position during the
cutting operation, and a horizontal table fixed during operation
[SOURCE: ISO 19085-9:2017, 3.1, modified — The Notes to entry and Figure 1 have been deleted.]
3.11
single spindle vertical moulding machine
toupie
hand-fed machine fitted with a single vertical spindle (interchangeable or not interchangeable), which
is fixed in position during cutting operation and a horizontal table, which is fixed in total or in part
during cutting operation
[SOURCE: ISO 19085-6:2017, 3.1, modified — "toupie" has been added as admitted term. In the definition,
"arbor" has been replaced with "spindle". The Notes to entry and Figure 1 have been deleted.]
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ISO 14955-5:2020(E)
3.12
surface planing, thickness planing, combined surface/thickness planing machine
machine designed for cutting off layers of the upper or lower surface of a workpiece by a cutter-block
rotating around a horizontal axis, mounted at right angles to the infeed direction between two tables
or above a table designed to position and support the workpiece that is fed into the machine against the
direction of the cut
[SOURCE: ISO 19085-7:2019, 3.2 to 3.4, modified — The 3 definitions have been merged.]
3.13
band sawing machine
sawing machine with one saw blade in the form of a continuous band mounted on and running between
two or more band saw blade wheels
3.14
combined machine
machine incorporating two or more separately usable working units, i.e. a sawing unit, a moulding unit
and/or a planning unit
[SOURCE: ISO/FDIS 19085-11:2019, 3.1, modified — The Notes to entry have been deleted.]
3.15
multi-blade rip-sawing machine
machine designed to be used with circular saw blades at different positions on the spindles which are
fixed in position during cutting, where the workpiece is fed to the tools by an integrated power feed, i.e.
rollers, or chain conveyor
[SOURCE: ISO/FDIS 19085-13:2019, 3.1, modified — The Notes to entry have been deleted.]
3.16
press
bending press
machine used to laminate and/or join together flat panels consisting of solid wood and wood-based
materials such as chipboard, fibreboard, plywood, where pressing force is applied between two flat
surfaces by actuators pushing top or bottom surface against each other, and loading and/or unloading
is manual and gluing and/or shaping process is cold
[SOURCE: ISO/FDIS 19085-15:2019, 3.1 to 3.3, modified — The 3 definitions have been merged.]
3.17
mounting press
machine used to assemble cabinets, window frames, and similar products
3.18
chips and dust extraction system
CADES
system used for extraction, conveyance, separation and temporary storage of chips and dust from
woodworking machine tools
4 Basics for measurement and calculation of energy supplied
4.1 General
Ambient conditions according to ISO 14955-2:2018, 4.2, shall be reported.
Stable conditions are assumed if the average power from two random measurements differ less than
±5 % of the nominal power of the connected load or not larger than 100 W.
Examples of machine tool components that are supplied with energy are listed in Table 1.
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ISO 14955-5:2020(E)
Table 1 — Examples of machine tool components that are supplied with energy
Machine tool component Example
Machine CONTROLS PC, CNC, auxiliary circuits
PERIPHERAL UNITS Chiller, cabinet cooling
Chip conveyor, vacuum pump, lighting, cleaning blow
PROCESSING UNITS Glue or edge melting unit
tool spindles, sanding belts unit
MOTION UNITS Format change axis
Process axes, including feeding
Descriptions of operating states are given in 4.2 to 4.6.
4.2 Operating state OFF
The main switches for electrical power supply shall be OFF.
The compressed air supply isolation valves shall be closed.
The air flow at each extraction connection outlet of the machine tool is assumed to be zero.
4.3 Operating state ON
The main switches for electrical power supply shall be ON.
The compressed air supply isolation valves shall be open.
The measurement shall be performed after more than 60 min of OFF state or when stable conditions
are reached. The measurement shall last at least 5 min.
The electrical power measured is mainly the power applied to PC, CNC, control system, auxiliary
circuits. Compressed air flow is mainly sealing air, if existent, or due to leakage.
In this state, manual operated tool change or manual operated tool magazine loading/unloading or die
change can be done, when operating state STANDBY is not provided.
4.4 Operating state STANDBY
In this state, all available energy saving features of the machine tool shall be activated.
The measurement shall be performed 10 min after PROCESSING state has ended.
The average power shall be measured over a time of at least 5 min.
In this state, manual operated tool change or manual operated tool magazine loading/unloading or die
change can be done.
4.5 Operating state WARM UP
WARM UP is the transition from STANDBY or ON, if STANDBY is not provided, to PROCESSING.
The measurement shall be performed after more than 30 min of STANDBY or ON, if STANDBY is not
provided.
The average power shall be measured over the full time of the transition. The WARM UP time shall be
reported.
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ISO 14955-5:2020(E)
4.6 Operating state PROCESSING
As this is the operating state the machine tool is made for, power measured at the system boundary
shall be converted to energy.
The definition of this operating state is left to the agreement between manufacturer/supplier and user.
Workpiece loading/unloading are included in this operating state.
5 Evaluation of energy supplied to different types of woodworking machine tools
5.1 General
Measuring equipment installed shall not reduce the level of safety of the machine tool.
For each operating state, energy supplied shall be reported in terms of:
a) measured average electric active power in kW supplied to the machine and its peripherals;
b) measured average pneumatic air flow in Normal-litre/h (N.L./h) supplied to the machine and its
peripherals;
3
c) calculated average air flow in m /h (anr) of contaminated airflow extracted from the machine and
related pressure drop.
3
This value shall be assumed as 0 m /h (anr) in operating state OFF.
For all other operating states, it shall be conventionally calculated as the sum of average airflows
through all extraction hoods of the machine tool. Each of these average airflows shall be calculated
multiplying the theoretical maximum airflow through the extraction hood when the related gate
valve is fully open, for the ratio of the time share during which the gate valve remains fully open
and the total duration of the considered operating state.
NOTE 1 In all operating states other than OFF, it is assumed that CADES is activated.
NOTE 2 The user can truly benefit from machines with gate valves management only if the CADES is provided
with the possibility to manage variable air flows with automatic reaction.
Measured values for compressed air and contaminated air flow shall be converted to electrical energy
according to ISO 14955-2:2018, 7.9, in order to apply ISO 14955-1.
In particular, for operating state PROCESSING, the energy supplied shall be evaluated with reference to
each machine tool activity.
The types of energy supplied to be considered at the system boundary are (see Figure 1):
— electrical energy inputs;
— compressed air supply inputs (if any);
— contaminated air flow outputs (if any).
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ISO 14955-5:2020(E)
Key
1 machine tool
2 peripheral A
3 peripheral B
4 system boundary
5 electrical energy
6 compressed air
7 contaminated air
Figure 1 — Energy supplied to be considered for woodworking machine tools
Operating states relevant to each woodworking machine tool technology are given in Table 2. Where an
operating state is not provided, it shall be declared.
Activities to be considered for operating state PROCESSING shall be agreed between the manufacturer/
supplier and the user or conventionally assumed.
Where different edge banding technologies are available on a machine, data for energy supplied in each
relevant operating state other than OFF according to Table 2 shall be declared for each technology (e.g.
laser, hot air, different glue types).
Table 2 — Relevant operating states depending on the woodworking machine tool technology
Relevant operating states
Machine tool technology
OFF ON STANDBY WARM UP PROCESSING
Where edge banding
NC boring and routing machines
facility is provided
Horizontal beam panel sawing machines
Vertical panel sawing machines
Edge banding machines fed by chains
Wide belt calibrating and sanding machines
Four-sided moulding machines
For high speed machines
Tenoning and/or profiling machines
(>100m/min)
Foiling/laminating machines
Dimension saws and circular saw benches
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ISO 14955-5:2020(E)
Table 2 (continued)
Relevant operating states
Machine tool technology
OFF ON STANDBY WARM UP PROCESSING
Single spindle vertical moulding machines
(toupie)
Surface planing, thickness planing,
combined surface/thickness planing
machines
Band sawing machines
Combined machines
Multi-blade rip-sawing machines
Presses and bending presses
Mounting presses
5.2 Test scenarios
A machine-based scenario may be agreed between the manufacturer/supplier and the user following the
example given in Table 3, which reflects the operating states relevant for woodworking machine tools.
NOTE Example of machine-based test scenario given in ISO 14955-2:2018, Table 1, does not consider all
operating states relevant for woodworking machine tools.
Clustering of time shares for test scenarios shall be done according to ISO 14955-2:2018, 5.2.3.2.
Operating state PROCESSING may be subdivided into different activities.
In alternative to machine-based test scenario, a task-based test scenario may be agreed between the
manufacturer/supplier and the user, according to ISO 14955-2:2018, 5.3.
Table 3 — Example for a machine-based test scenario
Operating state Activity Time share (h)
OFF — 0
ON — 0,5
STANDBY — 1
WARM UP — 0,5
1 1
2 2
PROCESSING
(e.g. different activities)
3 1
4 2
Total 8
6 Reporting
6.1 Machine tool description
1) Manufacturer/supplier, machine type, serial number, year of construction;
2) machine configuration;
3) description of tools;
4) nominal electrical power;
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ISO 14955-5:2020(E)
5) nominal pneumatic pressure and flow;
6) nominal data of contaminated air flow and pressure drop;
7) nominal data (flow and temperature) of external heat supply for presses.
6.2 Measurement setup description
1) Ambient conditions during measurement;
2) if material is processed during test run: material specification;
3) list of measuring points;
4) specification of measurement devices (e.g. brand, accuracy);
5) test scenario details according to 5.2, including description of activities in operating state
PROCESSING.
6.3 Results
1) Measurement results according to 5.1 for all operating states;
2) conventional equivalent energy supplied in kWh for the selected testing scenario; for equivalent
values (see ISO 14955-2:2018, Annex A) or indication from the user;
3) WARM UP time, if relevant.
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ISO 14955-5:2020(E)
Annex A
(informative)
List of energy efficiency improvements for woodworking
machine tools
Table A.1 is a non-exhaustive checklist of energy efficiency improvements for woodworking machine tools.
Although the features listed in Table A.1 can generally improve energy efficiency, their implementation
should be considered within the given circumstances, the system design, the technologies used, and
the application of the machine tool under investigation. Decisions about their implementation can be
further subject to consideration of multiple criteria including functionality, standardization, reliability,
cost, and others.
“X” in columns from "A" to "P" indicates the applicability and in general the significance for the related
woodworking machine tool, see recital.
A NC boring and routing machines I Dimension saws and circular saw benches
B Horizontal beam panel sawing machines J Single spindle vertical moulding machines
(toupie)
C Vertical panel sawing machines K Surface planing, thickness planing, combined
surface/thickness planing machines
D Edge banding machines fed by chains L Band sawing machines
E Wide belt calibrating and sanding machines M Combined machines
F Four-sided moulding machines N Multi-blade rip-sawing machines
G Tenoning and/or profiling machines O Presses and bending presses
H Foiling/laminating machines P Mounting presses
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ISO 14955-5:2020(E)
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved 11
Table A.1 — Well tried design principles for machine tool components, control components and combinations of machine tool components
for energy-efficient woodworking machine tools
No. Feature for improvement Description A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P
1 Overall machine concept
1-1 Minimization of moved If masses are accelerated, the energy required X X X X
2
masses depends on the mass (E = 1/2*m*v ). Even if some
part of the energy is recovered during braking,
energy is supplied and recovered with an efficien-
cy factor below one. The best way to reduce energy
needed for acceleration is mass reduction.
1-2 Reduction of friction Reduction of friction means less mechanical wear X X X X X X X X X X X X X
and higher quality and also sho
...
FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 14955-5
ISO/TC 39
Machine tools — Environmental
Secretariat: SNV
evaluation of machine tools —
Voting begins on:
2020-03-04
Part 5:
Voting terminates on:
Principles for testing woodworking
2020-04-29
machine tools with respect to energy
supplied
Machines-outils — Evaluation environnementale des machines-
outils —
Partie 5: Principes d'essai des machines-outils pour le travail du bois
à l'égard de l’efficacité énergétique
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/FDIS 14955-5:2020(E)
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN-
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
©
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. ISO 2020
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ISO/FDIS 14955-5:2020(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
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ISO/FDIS 14955-5:2020(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 2
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Basics for measurement and calculation of energy supplied . 4
4.1 General . 4
4.2 Operating state OFF . 5
4.3 Operating state ON . 5
4.4 Operating state STANDBY . 5
4.5 Operating state WARM UP . 5
4.6 Operating state PROCESSING . 6
5 Evaluation of energy supplied to different types of woodworking machine tools .6
5.1 General . 6
5.2 Test scenarios . 8
6 Reporting . 8
6.1 Machine tool description . 8
6.2 Measurement setup description . 9
6.3 Results . 9
Annex A (informative) List of energy efficiency improvements for woodworking machine tools .10
Bibliography .27
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ISO/FDIS 14955-5:2020(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 39, Machine tools.
This document is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 14955-1 and ISO 14955-2.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
A list of all parts in the ISO 14955 series can be found on the ISO website.
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ISO/FDIS 14955-5:2020(E)
Introduction
As environmental impact is a common challenge for all products and natural resources become scarce,
environmental performance criteria for machine tools need to be defined and the use of these criteria
need to be specified.
Woodworking machine tools are complex products for industrial use to manufacture workpieces
ready for use or semi-finished products. Their environmental impact includes waste raw material, use
of auxiliary substances such as lubricants and other material flows as well as conversion of electrical
energy into heat, dissipation of heat to the ambient or heat exchange by fluids and eventually the use of
other resources such as compressed air.
Based on relevance considerations, the ISO 14955 series is focussed on environmental impacts during
the use phase.
The performance of a machine tool as key data for investment is multi-dimensional regarding its
economic value, its technical specification and its operating requirements which are influenced by the
specific application. The energy supplied to the same machine tool can vary depending on the workpiece
being manufactured and the conditions under which the machine tool is operated. Therefore, the
environmental evaluation of a machine tool cannot be done without considering these aspects.
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FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 14955-5:2020(E)
Machine tools — Environmental evaluation of machine
tools —
Part 5:
Principles for testing woodworking machine tools with
respect to energy supplied
1 Scope
This document specifies technical requirements for testing procedures for evaluation of energy
supplied during use phase for the design of machine tools to process wood and materials with similar
physical characteristics to wood.
This document, along with ISO 14955-1 and ISO 14955-2, covers all significant energy requirements
relevant to woodworking machine tools, when they are used as intended and under the conditions
foreseen by the manufacturer/supplier.
This document defines relevant operating states, optional shift regimes and optional machine tool
activities for several types of woodworking machine tools.
This document also applies to peripheral devices which are supplied as an integral part of the machine.
This document also applies to machine tools which are part of an integrated manufacturing system
where the energy required is comparable to those of machine tools working separately.
This document applies to the following woodworking machine tools:
— NC boring and routing machines;
— horizontal beam panel sawing machines;
— vertical panel sawing machines;
— edge banding machines fed by chains;
— wide belt calibrating and sanding machines;
— four-sided moulding machines;
— tenoning and/or profiling machines;
— foiling/laminating machines;
— dimension saws and circular saw benches;
— single spindle vertical moulding machines (toupie);
— surface planing, thickness planing, combined surface/thickness planing machines;
— band sawing machines;
— combined machines;
— multi-blade rip-sawing machines;
— presses and bending presses;
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ISO/FDIS 14955-5:2020(E)
— mounting presses.
A list of energy efficiency improvements for woodworking machine tools is given in Annex A.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 14955-1, Machine tools — Environmental evaluation of machine tools — Part 1: Design methodology
for energy-efficient machine tools
ISO 14955-2:2018, Machine tools — Environmental evaluation of machine tools — Part 2: Methods for
measuring energy supplied to machine tools and machine tool components
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 14955-1, ISO 14955-2 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
numerically controlled boring and routing machine
NC boring and routing machine
integrated fed machine designed for the machining of workpieces by the use of milling and/or boring
tools having at least two orthogonal axes programmable by the user (e.g. X, Y) for positioning and/or
machining, where the axes operate in accordance with a NC work programme
[SOURCE: ISO 19085-3:2017, 3.1, modified — Note 1 to entry and the examples have been deleted.]
3.2
horizontal beam panel sawing machine
machine, designed for cutting panels, fitted with one travelling saw carriage per cutting line
incorporating one or more circular saw blades
[SOURCE: ISO 19085-2:2017, 3.1, modified — Note 1 to entry has been deleted.]
3.3
vertical panel sawing machine
machine designed for cutting panels where the workpiece is supported in a near vertical plane during
cutting and where the saw unit is mounted in front of the workpiece support
[SOURCE: ISO 19085-4:2018, 3.1, modified — Note 1 to entry has been deleted.]
3.4
edge banding machine fed by chains
machine designed for banding in one pass the edge band on one end of the workpiece (single end edge
banding machine) or on both ends of the workpiece (double end edge banding machine), consisting
of an edge banding zone with various units (e. g. heating, bonding, and pressing for flexible or solid
edges) and of a zone for additional operations such as snipping, trimming, milling, sanding, polishing,
chamfering etc., in addition the edge banding zone, can be preceded by a sizing/profiling zone
[SOURCE: ISO 18217:2015, 3.1, modified — Note 1 to entry and Figure 1 have been deleted.]
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ISO/FDIS 14955-5:2020(E)
3.5
wide belt calibrating and sanding machine
machine used to calibrate and/or to sand panels and/or linear workpieces, fitted with an integrated
feed and sanding belts positioned above and/or below the workpiece level, with manual or automatic
loading and/or unloading
[SOURCE: ISO 19085-8:2018, 3.1, modified — In the term, "wide belt" has been added; the Notes to
entry, Figure 1 and Figure 2 have been deleted.]
3.6
four-sided moulding machine
machine for four-sided longitudinal processing with four or more working units with spindles, which
can be equipped with planing and/or moulding tools, at least one unit on each side of the workpiece,
and with integrated feed of the workpiece
3.7
tenoning and/or profiling machine
machine designed for production of a tenon and/or profile on one side of the workpiece (single end
machines) or on opposing sides of the workpiece (double end machine) in one pass, where the tenons
and/or profiles are cut by means of milling tools and/or saw blades mounted on one or more spindles
(on each machine half), and where the workpiece is fed manually or mechanically
3.8
foiling/laminating machine
machine tool to foil/laminate flat surfaces with sheets or rolls of, for example, high gloss foils or foils
of paper
Note 1 to entry: Example of a flat surface is a board.
3.9
dimension saw
hand-fed machine fitted with a single main circular saw blade, which is fixed in position during the
cutting operation, and a sliding table adjacent to the saw blade
[SOURCE: ISO 19085-5:2017, 3.1, modified — The Notes to entry and Figure 1 have been deleted.]
3.10
circular saw bench
table saw
hand-fed machine fitted with a single main circular saw blade which is fixed in position during the
cutting operation, and a horizontal table fixed during operation
[SOURCE: ISO 19085-9:2017, 3.1, modified — The Notes to entry and Figure 1 have been deleted.]
3.11
single spindle vertical moulding machine
toupie
hand-fed machine fitted with a single vertical spindle (interchangeable or not interchangeable), which
is fixed in position during cutting operation and a horizontal table, which is fixed in total or in part
during cutting operation
[SOURCE: ISO 19085-6:2017, 3.1, modified — "toupie" has been added as admitted term. In the definition,
"arbor" has been replaced with "spindle". The Notes to entry and Figure 1 have been deleted.]
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ISO/FDIS 14955-5:2020(E)
3.12
surface planing, thickness planing, combined surface/thickness planing machine
machine designed for cutting off layers of the upper or lower surface of a workpiece by a cutter-block
rotating around a horizontal axis, mounted at right angles to the infeed direction between two tables
or above a table designed to position and support the workpiece that is fed into the machine against the
direction of the cut
[SOURCE: ISO 19085-7:2019, 3.2 to 3.4, modified — The 3 definitions have been merged.]
3.13
band sawing machine
sawing machine with one saw blade in the form of a continuous band mounted on and running between
two or more band saw blade wheels
3.14
combined machine
machine incorporating two or more separately usable working units, i.e. a sawing unit, a moulding unit
and/or a planning unit
[SOURCE: ISO/FDIS 19085-11:2019, 3.1, modified — The Notes to entry have been deleted.]
3.15
multi-blade rip-sawing machine
machine designed to be used with circular saw blades at different positions on the spindles which are
fixed in position during cutting, where the workpiece is fed to the tools by an integrated power feed, i.e.
rollers, or chain conveyor
[SOURCE: ISO/FDIS 19085-13:2019, 3.1, modified — The Notes to entry have been deleted.]
3.16
press
bending press
machine used to laminate and/or join together flat panels consisting of solid wood and wood-based
materials such as chipboard, fibreboard, plywood, where pressing force is applied between two flat
surfaces by actuators pushing top or bottom surface against each other, and loading and/or unloading
is manual and gluing and/or shaping process is cold
[SOURCE: ISO/FDIS 19085-15:2019, 3.1 to 3.3, modified — The 3 definitions have been merged.]
3.17
mounting press
machine used to assemble cabinets, window frames, and similar products
3.18
chips and dust extraction system
CADES
system used for extraction, conveyance, separation and temporary storage of chips and dust from
woodworking machine tools
4 Basics for measurement and calculation of energy supplied
4.1 General
Ambient conditions according to ISO 14955-2:2018, 4.2, shall be reported.
Stable conditions are assumed if the average power from two random measurements differ less than
±5 % of the nominal power of the connected load or not larger than 100 W.
Examples of machine tool components that are supplied with energy are listed in Table 1.
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ISO/FDIS 14955-5:2020(E)
Table 1 — Examples of machine tool components that are supplied with energy
Machine tool component Example
Machine CONTROLS PC, CNC, auxiliary circuits
PERIPHERAL UNITS Chiller, cabinet cooling
Chip conveyor, vacuum pump, lighting, cleaning blow
PROCESSING UNITS Glue or edge melting unit
tool spindles, sanding belts unit
MOTION UNITS Format change axis
Process axes, including feeding
Descriptions of operating states are given in 4.2 to 4.6.
4.2 Operating state OFF
The main switches for electrical power supply shall be OFF.
The compressed air supply isolation valves shall be closed.
The air flow at each extraction connection outlet of the machine tool is assumed to be zero.
4.3 Operating state ON
The main switches for electrical power supply shall be ON.
The compressed air supply isolation valves shall be open.
The measurement shall be performed after more than 60 min of OFF state or when stable conditions
are reached. The measurement shall last at least 5 min.
The electrical power measured is mainly the power applied to PC, CNC, control system, auxiliary
circuits. Compressed air flow is mainly sealing air, if existent, or due to leakage.
In this state, manual operated tool change or manual operated tool magazine loading/unloading or die
change can be done, when operating state STANDBY is not provided.
4.4 Operating state STANDBY
In this state, all available energy saving features of the machine tool shall be activated.
The measurement shall be performed 10 min after PROCESSING state has ended.
The average power shall be measured over a time of at least 5 min.
In this state, manual operated tool change or manual operated tool magazine loading/unloading or die
change can be done.
4.5 Operating state WARM UP
WARM UP is the transition from STANDBY or ON, if STANDBY is not provided, to PROCESSING.
The measurement shall be performed after more than 30 min of STANDBY or ON, if STANDBY is not
provided.
The average power shall be measured over the full time of the transition. The WARM UP time shall be
reported.
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ISO/FDIS 14955-5:2020(E)
4.6 Operating state PROCESSING
As this is the operating state the machine tool is made for, power measured at the system boundary
shall be converted to energy.
The definition of this operating state is left to the agreement between manufacturer/supplier and user.
Workpiece loading/unloading are included in this operating state.
5 Evaluation of energy supplied to different types of woodworking machine tools
5.1 General
Measuring equipment installed shall not reduce the level of safety of the machine tool.
For each operating state, energy supplied shall be reported in terms of:
a) measured average electric active power in kW supplied to the machine and its peripherals;
b) measured average pneumatic air flow in Normal-litre/h (N.L./h) supplied to the machine and its
peripherals;
3
c) calculated average air flow in m /h (anr) of contaminated airflow extracted from the machine and
related pressure drop.
3
This value shall be assumed as 0 m /h (anr) in operating state OFF.
For all other operating states, it shall be conventionally calculated as the sum of average airflows
through all extraction hoods of the machine tool. Each of these average airflows shall be calculated
multiplying the theoretical maximum airflow through the extraction hood when the related gate
valve is fully open, for the ratio of the time share during which the gate valve remains fully open
and the total duration of the considered operating state.
NOTE 1 In all operating states other than OFF, it is assumed that CADES is activated.
NOTE 2 The user can truly benefit from machines with gate valves management only if the CADES is provided
with the possibility to manage variable air flows with automatic reaction.
Measured values for compressed air and contaminated air flow shall be converted to electrical energy
according to ISO 14955-2:2018, 7.9, in order to apply ISO 14955-1.
In particular, for operating state PROCESSING, the energy supplied shall be evaluated with reference to
each machine tool activity.
The types of energy supplied to be considered at the system boundary are (see Figure 1):
— electrical energy inputs;
— compressed air supply inputs (if any);
— contaminated air flow outputs (if any).
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ISO/FDIS 14955-5:2020(E)
Key
1 machine tool
2 peripheral A
3 peripheral B
4 system boundary
5 electrical energy
6 compressed air
7 contaminated air
Figure 1 — Energy supplied to be considered for woodworking machine tools
Operating states relevant to each woodworking machine tool technology are given in Table 2. Where an
operating state is not provided, it shall be declared.
Activities to be considered for operating state PROCESSING shall be agreed between the manufacturer/
supplier and the user or conventionally assumed.
Where different edge banding technologies are available on a machine, data for energy supplied in each
relevant operating state other than OFF according to Table 2 shall be declared for each technology (e.g.
laser, hot air, different glue types).
Table 2 — Relevant operating states depending on the woodworking machine tool technology
Relevant operating states
Machine tool technology
OFF ON STANDBY WARM UP PROCESSING
Where edge banding
NC boring and routing machines
facility is provided
Horizontal beam panel sawing machines
Vertical panel sawing machines
Edge banding machines fed by chains
Wide belt calibrating and sanding machines
Four-sided moulding machines
For high speed machines
Tenoning and/or profiling machines
(>100m/min)
Foiling/laminating machines
Dimension saws and circular saw benches
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ISO/FDIS 14955-5:2020(E)
Table 2 (continued)
Relevant operating states
Machine tool technology
OFF ON STANDBY WARM UP PROCESSING
Single spindle vertical moulding machines
(toupie)
Surface planing, thickness planing,
combined surface/thickness planing
machines
Band sawing machines
Combined machines
Multi-blade rip-sawing machines
Presses and bending presses
Mounting presses
5.2 Test scenarios
A machine-based scenario may be agreed between the manufacturer/supplier and the user following the
example given in Table 3, which reflects the operating states relevant for woodworking machine tools.
NOTE Example of machine-based test scenario given in ISO 14955-2:2018, Table 1, does not consider all
operating states relevant for woodworking machine tools.
Clustering of time shares for test scenarios shall be done according to ISO 14955-2:2018, 5.2.3.2.
Operating state PROCESSING may be subdivided into different activities.
In alternative to machine-based test scenario, a task-based test scenario may be agreed between the
manufacturer/supplier and the user, according to ISO 14955-2:2018, 5.3.
Table 3 — Example for a machine-based test scenario
Operating state Activity Time share (h)
OFF — 0
ON — 0,5
STANDBY — 1
WARM UP — 0,5
1 1
2 2
PROCESSING
(e.g. different activities)
3 1
4 2
Total 8
6 Reporting
6.1 Machine tool description
1) Manufacturer/supplier, machine type, serial number, year of construction;
2) machine configuration;
3) description of tools;
4) nominal electrical power;
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ISO/FDIS 14955-5:2020(E)
5) nominal pneumatic pressure and flow;
6) nominal data of contaminated air flow and pressure drop;
7) nominal data (flow and temperature) of external heat supply for presses.
6.2 Measurement setup description
1) Ambient conditions during measurement;
2) if material is processed during test run: material specification;
3) list of measuring points;
4) specification of measurement devices (e.g. brand, accuracy);
5) test scenario details according to 5.2, including description of activities in operating state
PROCESSING.
6.3 Results
1) Measurement results according to 5.1 for all operating states;
2) conventional equivalent energy supplied in kWh for the selected testing scenario; for equivalent
values (see ISO 14955-2:2018, Annex A) or indication from the user;
3) WARM UP time, if relevant.
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ISO/FDIS 14955-5:2020(E)
Annex A
(informative)
List of energy efficiency improvements for woodworking
machine tools
Table A.1 is a non-exhaustive checklist of energy efficiency improvements for woodworking machine tools.
Although the features listed in Table A.1 can generally improve energy efficiency, their implementation
should be considered within the given circumstances, the system design, the technologies used, and
the application of the machine tool under investigation. Decisions about their implementation can be
further subject to consideration of multiple criteria including functionality, standardization, reliability,
cost, and others.
“X” in columns from "A" to "P" indicates the applicability and in general the significance for the related
woodworking machine tool, see recital.
A NC boring and routing machines I Dimension saws and circular saw benches
B Horizontal beam panel sawing machines J Single spindle vertical moulding machines
(toupie)
C Vertical panel sawing machines K Surface planing, thickness planing, combined
surface/thickness planing machines
D Edge banding machines fed by chains L Band sawing machines
E Wide belt calibrating and sanding machines M Combined machines
F Four-sided moulding machines N Multi-blade rip-sawing machines
G Tenoning and/or profiling machines O Presses and bending presses
H Foiling/laminating machines P Mounting presses
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Table A.1 — Well tried design principles for machine tool components, cont
...
NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 14955-5
Première édition
2020-05
Machines-outils — Évaluation
environnementale des machines-
outils —
Partie 5:
Principes d'essai des machines-outils
pour le travail du bois concernant
l'énergie fournie
Machine tools — Environmental evaluation of machine tools —
Part 5: Principles for testing woodworking machine tools with respect
to energy supplied
Numéro de référence
ISO 14955-5:2020(F)
©
ISO 2020
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ISO 14955-5:2020(F)
DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT
© ISO 2020
Tous droits réservés. Sauf prescription différente ou nécessité dans le contexte de sa mise en œuvre, aucune partie de cette
publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique,
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Publié en Suisse
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ISO 14955-5:2020(F)
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .iv
Introduction .v
1 Domaine d’application . 1
2 Références normatives . 2
3 Termes et définitions . 2
4 Principes de base du mesurage et du calcul de l’énergie fournie .5
4.1 Généralités . 5
4.2 État de fonctionnement ARRÊT . 5
4.3 État de fonctionnement MARCHE . 5
4.4 État de fonctionnement VEILLE . 5
4.5 État de fonctionnement PRÉCHAUFFAGE . 6
4.6 État de fonctionnement TRAITEMENT EN COURS . 6
5 Évaluation de l’énergie fournie aux différents types de machines-outils pour le
travail du bois . 6
5.1 Généralités . 6
5.2 Scénarii d’essai . 8
6 Rapport. 9
6.1 Description de la machine-outil . 9
6.2 Description du montage de mesurage . 9
6.3 Résultats . 9
Annexe A (informative) Liste d’améliorations pour l’efficacité énergétique des machines-
outils pour le travail du bois .10
Bibliographie .31
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ISO 14955-5:2020(F)
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes
nationaux de normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est
en général confiée aux comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude
a le droit de faire partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales,
gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux.
L'ISO collabore étroitement avec la Commission électrotechnique internationale (IEC) en ce qui
concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les procédures utilisées pour élaborer le présent document et celles destinées à sa mise à jour sont
décrites dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 1. Il convient, en particulier, de prendre note des différents
critères d'approbation requis pour les différents types de documents ISO. Le présent document a été
rédigé conformément aux règles de rédaction données dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2 (voir www
.iso .org/ directives).
L'attention est attirée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l'objet de
droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L'ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable
de ne pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence. Les détails concernant
les références aux droits de propriété intellectuelle ou autres droits analogues identifiés lors de
l'élaboration du document sont indiqués dans l'Introduction et/ou dans la liste des déclarations de
brevets reçues par l'ISO (voir www .iso .org/ brevets).
Les appellations commerciales éventuellement mentionnées dans le présent document sont données
pour information, par souci de commodité, à l’intention des utilisateurs et ne sauraient constituer un
engagement.
Pour une explication de la nature volontaire des normes, la signification des termes et expressions
spécifiques de l'ISO liés à l'évaluation de la conformité, ou pour toute information au sujet de l'adhésion
de l'ISO aux principes de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) concernant les obstacles
techniques au commerce (OTC), voir www .iso .org/ avant -propos.
Le présent document a été élaboré par le comité technique l’ISO/TC 39, Machines-outils.
Le présent document est destiné à être utilisé conjointement avec l'ISO 14955-1 et l'ISO 14955-2.
Il convient que l’utilisateur adresse tout retour d’information ou toute question concernant le présent
document à l’organisme national de normalisation de son pays. Une liste exhaustive desdits organismes
se trouve à l’adresse www .iso .org/ fr/ members .html.
Une liste de toutes les parties de la série ISO 14955 se trouve sur le site Web de l’ISO.
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ISO 14955-5:2020(F)
Introduction
Comme l’impact environnemental est un enjeu commun pour tous les produits et comme les ressources
naturelles s’épuisent, des critères de performance environnementale pour les machines-outils
nécessitent d’être définis et l’utilisation de ces critères nécessite d’être spécifiée.
Les machines-outils pour le travail du bois sont des produits complexes utilisés par l’industrie pour
fabriquer des produits prêts à l’emploi ou des pièces semi-finies. Leur impact environnemental englobe
les déchets de matières premières, l’utilisation de substances auxiliaires telles que les lubrifiants et
autres flux de matière, ainsi que la conversion de l’énergie électrique en chaleur, la dissipation de la
chaleur dans le milieu ambiant ou l’échange de chaleur par les fluides et éventuellement l’utilisation
d’autres ressources telles que l’air comprimé.
Sur la base de considérations de pertinence, la série ISO 14955 porte essentiellement sur les impacts
environnementaux pendant la phase d’utilisation.
Les performances d’une machine-outil, en tant qu’informations importantes pour l’investissement,
sont multi directionnelles compte tenu de sa valeur économique, ses caractéristiques techniques et
ses exigences de fonctionnement, qui dépendent de son application spécifique. L’énergie fournie à une
même machine-outil peut varier en fonction de la pièce fabriquée et des conditions de fonctionnement
de la machine-outil. Par conséquent, l’évaluation environnementale d’une machine-outil ne peut pas
être réalisée sans tenir compte de ces aspects.
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NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 14955-5:2020(F)
Machines-outils — Évaluation environnementale des
machines-outils —
Partie 5:
Principes d'essai des machines-outils pour le travail du
bois concernant l'énergie fournie
1 Domaine d’application
Le présent document spécifie les exigences techniques pour les procédures d’essais pour l’évaluation de
l’énergie fournie pendant la phase d’utilisation pour la conception de machines-outils pour travailler le
bois et les matériaux ayant des caractéristiques physiques similaires à celles du bois.
Le présent document, conjointement à l’ISO 14955-1 et à l’ISO 14955-2, couvre toutes les demandes
d’énergie significatives applicables aux machines-outils pour le travail du bois, lorsqu’elles sont utilisées
comme prévu et dans les conditions prévues par le fabricant/fournisseur.
Le présent document définit les états de fonctionnement pertinents, les régimes de postes facultatifs et
les opérations facultatives des machines-outils pour différents types de machines-outils pour le travail
du bois.
Le présent document s’applique également aux dispositifs périphériques qui sont fournis en tant que
partie intégrante de la machine. Le présent document s’applique également aux machines-outils qui
font partie d’un système de fabrication intégré où l’énergie requise est comparable à celle de machines-
outils isolées.
Le présent document s’applique aux machines-outils pour le travail du bois suivantes:
— perceuses et défonceuses CN;
— scies à panneaux horizontales à presseur;
— scies à panneaux verticales;
— machines à plaquer sur chant à alimentation par chaînes;
— machines de calibrage et de ponçage à bande large;
— machines à moulurer sur quatre faces;
— machines à tenonner et/ou à profiler;
— machines de placage/contrecolleuses;
— scies au format et scies circulaires à table de menuisier;
— toupies monobroches à arbre vertical;
— machines à dégauchir, machines à raboter, machines combinées à dégauchir/raboter;
— machines à scie à ruban;
— machines combinées;
— déligneuses multi-lames;
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ISO 14955-5:2020(F)
— presses et presses à cintrer;
— presses de montage.
Une liste des améliorations de l'efficacité énergétique des machines-outils pour le travail du bois est
donnée dans l’Annexe A.
2 Références normatives
Les documents suivants sont cités dans le texte de sorte qu'ils constituent, pour tout ou partie de leur
contenu, des exigences du présent document. Pour les références datées, seule l'édition citée s'applique.
Pour les références non datées, la dernière édition du document de référence s'applique (y compris les
éventuels amendements).
ISO 14955-1, Machines-outils — Évaluation environnementale des machines-outils — Partie 1: Méthode de
conception pour l'efficacité énergétique des machines-outils
ISO 14955-2:2018, Machines-outils — Évaluation environnementale des machines-outils — Partie 2:
Méthode pour mesurer l'énergie apportée aux machines-outils et aux composants de machines-outils
3 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et définitions de l’ISO 14955-1, l’ISO 14955-2, ainsi
que les suivants, s’appliquent.
L’ISO et l’IEC tiennent à jour des bases de données terminologiques destinées à être utilisées en
normalisation, consultables aux adresses suivantes:
— ISO Online browsing platform: disponible à l’adresse https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: disponible à l’adresse http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
perceuse et défonceuse à commande numérique
perceuse et défonceuse CN
machine à avance mécanisée conçue pour l’usinage de pièces au moyen d’outils de fraisage et/ou de
forets ayant au moins deux axes orthogonaux programmables par l’utilisateur (par exemple, X, Y) pour
le positionnement et/ou l’usinage, les mouvements d’axes étant réalisés conformément à un programme
numérique
[SOURCE: ISO 19085-3:2017, 3.1, modifiée — La Note 1 à l'article et les exemples ont été supprimés.]
3.2
scie à panneaux horizontale à presseur
machine, conçue pour la coupe de panneaux, équipée d’un chariot porte-scie mobile par ligne de coupe
incorporant une ou plusieurs lames de scie circulaire
[SOURCE: ISO 19085-2:2017, 3.1, modifiée — La Note 1 à l'article a été supprimée.]
3.3
scie à panneaux verticale
machine, conçue pour la coupe de panneaux, la pièce étant supportée dans un plan proche de la verticale
pendant la coupe et où l’unité de sciage est montée devant le support de pièce
[SOURCE: ISO 19085-4:2018, 3.1, modifiée — La Note 1 à l'article a été supprimée.]
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ISO 14955-5:2020(F)
3.4
machine à plaquer sur chant à alimentation par chaînes
machine conçue pour coller des chants en une seule passe sur une extrémité de la pièce (machine à
plaquer sur chant simple) ou sur les deux extrémités de la pièce (machine à plaquer sur chant double),
composée d’une zone de placage sur chants comportant différentes unités (par exemple, unités de
chauffage, de collage et de pressage, destinées aux chants solides ou souples) et d’une zone destinée aux
opérations complémentaires telles que coupage, usinage, fraisage, ponçage, polissage, biseautage, etc.,
dans laquelle en complément la zone de placage sur chants peut être précédée d’une zone de calibrage/
profilage
[SOURCE: ISO 18217:2015, 3.1, modifiée — La Note 1 à l'article et la Figure 1 ont été supprimées.]
3.5
machine de calibrage et de ponçage à bande large
machine utilisée pour calibrer et/ou pour poncer des panneaux et/ou des pièces linéaires, munie d'une
avance intégrée et de bandes de ponçage positionnées au-dessus et/ou au-dessous du niveau de la pièce,
à chargement et/ou déchargement manuel ou automatique
[SOURCE: ISO 19085-8:2018, 3.1, modifiée — Le terme, «à large bande» a été ajouté; les Notes à l'entrée,
la Figure 1 et la Figure 2 ont été supprimées.]
3.6
machine à moulurer sur quatre faces
machine pour l’usinage longitudinal sur quatre faces ayant quatre unités de travail ou plus pourvues
d’arbres, qui peuvent être équipées d’outils de dégauchissage et/ou de toupillage, avec au moins une
unité sur chaque côté de la pièce et ayant une avance mécanisée de la pièce
3.7
machine à tenonner et/ou à profiler
machine conçue pour la réalisation de tenons et/ou de profils sur un côté de la pièce (machines simples)
ou sur des côtés opposées de la pièce (machines doubles) en une seule passe, où les tenons et/ou les
profils sont coupés au moyen d’outils de fraisage et/ou de lames de scie montées sur un ou plusieurs
arbres (sur chaque demi-machine) et où la pièce est introduite manuellement ou mécaniquement
3.8
machine de placage/contrecolleuse
machine-outil pour plaquer/laminer des surfaces planes avec des feuilles ou des rouleaux par exemple,
des feuilles très brillantes ou des feuilles de papier
Note 1 à l'article: Une planche est un exemple de surface plane.
3.9
scie au format
scie à avance manuelle munie d’une seule lame de scie circulaire principale qui est fixe pendant
l’opération de coupe et d’une table mobile adjacente à la lame de scie
[SOURCE: ISO 19085-5:2017, 3.1, modifiée — Les Notes à l'article et la Figure 1 ont été supprimées.]
3.10
scie à table de menuisier
scie à table
scie à avance manuelle munie d’une seule lame de scie circulaire principale qui est fixe pendant
l’opération de coupe et d’une table horizontale fixe pendant l’opération
[SOURCE: ISO 19085-9:2019, 3.1, modifiée — Les Notes à l'article et la Figure 1 ont été supprimées.]
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ISO 14955-5:2020(F)
3.11
toupie monobroche à arbre vertical
toupie
machine à avance manuelle équipée d’une seule broche verticale (interchangeable ou non
interchangeable), qui est fixe en position pendant l’opération de coupe et d’une table horizontale, qui est
fixe en totalité ou en partie pendant l’opération de coupe
[SOURCE: ISO 19085-6:2017, 3.1, modifiée — «toupie» a été ajouté comme terme admis. Dans la
définition, «mandrin» a été remplacé par «broche». Les Notes à l'article et la Figure 1 ont été supprimées.]
3.12
machine à dégauchir, machine à raboter, machine combinée à dégauchir/raboter
machine conçue pour la découpe de couches de la surface supérieure ou inférieure d’une pièce au moyen
d’un porte-outil rotatif à axe horizontal monté perpendiculairement à la direction d’alimentation entre
deux tables ou au-dessus d’une table conçues pour positionner et supporter la pièce qui est alimentée
vers la machine dans la direction opposée à celle de coupe
[SOURCE: ISO 19085-7:2019, 3.2 à 3.4, modifiées — Les 3 définitions ont été fusionnées.]
3.13
machine à scie à ruban
machine à scier avec une lame de scie ayant la forme d'un ruban continu monté et fonctionnant entre
deux volants de lame de scie ruban ou plus
3.14
machine combinée
machine comportant deux unités de travail, ou plus, pouvant être utilisées séparément, c’est-à-dire une
unité de sciage, une unité de toupillage et/ou une unité de dégauchissage
[SOURCE: ISO 19085-11:2020, 3.1, modifiée — Les Notes à l'article ont été supprimées.]
3.15
déligneuse multi-lames
machine conçue pour être utilisée avec des lames de scie circulaires à différentes positions sur les
arbres qui sont fixes en position pendant la coupe, au niveau desquelles la pièce est amenée contre les
outils par une avance mécanisée intégrée c'est-à-dire, rouleaux ou convoyeur à chaîne
[SOURCE: ISO 19085-13:2020, 3.1, modifiée — Les Notes à l'article ont été supprimées.]
3.16
presse
presse à cintrer
machine utilisée pour laminer et/ou assembler des panneaux plats composés de bois massif et de
matériaux à base de bois tels que panneaux de particules, panneaux de fibres, contreplaqués, où la
force de pression est appliquée entre deux surfaces planes par des actionneurs poussant la surface
supérieure ou inférieure l’une contre l’autre, et où le chargement et/ou le déchargement sont manuels et
où le processus de collage et/ou de mise en forme du bois est effectué à froid
[SOURCE: ISO/FDIS 19085-15:2019, 3.1 à 3.3, modifiées — Les 3 définitions ont été fusionnées.]
3.17
presse de montage
machine utilisée pour assembler des armoires, des châssis de fenêtres et des produits similaires
3.18
système d’extraction des copeaux et poussières
SECP
système utilisé pour l’extraction, le convoyage, la séparation et le stockage temporaire des copeaux et
poussières émis par des machines-outils pour le travail du bois
4 © ISO 2020 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO 14955-5:2020(F)
4 Principes de base du mesurage et du calcul de l’énergie fournie
4.1 Généralités
Les conditions d’environnement conformes à l’ISO 14955-2:2018, 4.2, doivent être consignées dans le
rapport.
Des conditions stables sont supposées si la puissance moyenne de deux mesures aléatoires diffère de
moins de ± 5 % de la puissance nominale de la charge connectée ou n'est pas supérieure à 100 W.
Des exemples de composants de machines-outils qui sont alimentés en énergie sont énumérés au
Tableau 1.
Tableau 1 — Exemples de composants de machines-outils qui sont alimentés en énergie
Composant de machine-outil Exemple
COMMANDES de la machine PC, CNC, circuits auxiliaires
UNITÉS PÉRIPHÉRIQUES Refroidisseur, armoire réfrigérée
Convoyeur de copeaux, pompe à vide, éclairage, soufflante de nettoyage
UNITÉS DE TRAITEMENT Unité de fusion de la colle ou des chants
arbres porte-outil, unité de ponçage à bande
UNITÉS DE MOUVEMENT Axe de changement de format
Axes de traitement, y compris l’alimentation
Des descriptions des états opérationnels sont données de 4.2 à 4.6.
4.2 État de fonctionnement ARRÊT
Les interrupteurs principaux de l’alimentation en énergie électrique doivent être à l’ARRET.
Les vannes d’isolation de l’alimentation en air comprimé doivent être fermées.
Le débit d’air à chaque buse de raccordement d’extraction de la machine-outil est supposé être nul.
4.3 État de fonctionnement MARCHE
Les interrupteurs principaux de l’alimentation en énergie électrique doivent être en MARCHE.
Les vannes d’isolation de l’alimentation en air comprimé doivent être ouvertes.
Le mesurage doit être effectué après plus de 60 min à l’état ARRÊT ou lorsque des conditions stables
sont atteintes. Le mesurage doit durer au moins 5 min.
La puissance électrique mesurée est principalement la puissance appliquée au PC, à la CNC, au
système de commande, aux circuits auxiliaires. Le flux d'air comprimé est principalement de l'air
d’étanchéisation, s'il existe, ou en raison d'une fuite.
Dans cet état, le changement d’outil manuel ou le chargement/déchargement manuel du magasin
d’outils, ou le changement de matrice peuvent être effectués, lorsque l’état de fonctionnement VEILLE
n’est pas prévu.
4.4 État de fonctionnement VEILLE
Dans cet état, tous les équipements d’économie d’énergie disponibles de la machine-outil doivent être
activés.
Le mesurage doit être effectué 10 min après la fin de l’état TRAITEMENT EN COURS.
La puissance moyenne doit être mesurée sur une période d’au moins 5 min.
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ISO 14955-5:2020(F)
Dans cet état, le changement d’outil manuel ou le chargement/déchargement manuel du magasin d’outils
ou le changement de matrice peut être effectué.
4.5 État de fonctionnement PRÉCHAUFFAGE
PRÉCHAUFFAGE est la transition de VEILLE ou MARCHE, si VEILLE n’est pas fourni, à TRAITEMENT
EN COURS.
Le mesurage doit être effectué après plus de 30 min de VEILLE ou MARCHE, si VEILLE n’est pas fourni.
La puissance moyenne doit être mesurée pendant toute la durée de la transition. La durée de
PRÉCHAUFFAGE doit être consignée dans le rapport.
4.6 État de fonctionnement TRAITEMENT EN COURS
Comme il s’agit de l’état de fonctionnement pour lequel la machine-outil est fabriquée, la puissance
mesurée aux frontières du système doit être convertie en énergie.
La définition de cet état est laissée à l’accord entre le fabricant/fournisseur et le client.
Le chargement/déchargement de la pièce est compris dans cet état de fonctionnement.
5 Évaluation de l’énergie fournie aux différents types de machines-outils pour le
travail du bois
5.1 Généralités
L’équipement de mesure installé ne doit pas réduire le niveau de sécurité de la machine-outil.
Pour chaque état de fonctionnement, l’énergie fournie doit être consignée dans le rapport en termes de:
a) puissance électrique active moyenne mesurée en kW apportée à la machine et à ses unités
périphériques;
b) débit d’air pneumatique moyen mesuré en normo litres/h (N.L./h) apporté à la machine et à ses
unités périphériques;
3
c) débit d’air moyen calculé, en m /h (anr) du débit d’air contaminé extrait de la machine et de la perte
de charge correspondante.
3
Cette valeur doit être supposée égale à 0 m /h (anr) à l’état de fonctionnement ARRÊT.
Pour tous les autres états de fonctionnement, elle doit être calculée conventionnellement comme la
somme des débits d’air moyens à travers toutes les buses d’extraction de la machine-outil. Chacun de
ces débits d’air moyens doit être calculé en multipliant le débit d’air maximal théorique traversant
la buse d’extraction lorsque la vanne guillotine correspondante est complètement ouverte, par le
rapport de la part de temps pendant laquelle la vanne guillotine reste complètement ouverte et la
durée totale de l’état de fonctionnement considéré.
NOTE 1 Dans tous les états de fonctionnement autres qu’ARRÊT, le SECP est supposé activé.
NOTE 2 L’utilisateur final peut réellement bénéficier des machines avec gestion des vannes guillotines
uniquement si le SECP est fourni avec la possibilité de gérer des débits d’air variables avec réaction automatique.
Les valeurs mesurées pour l'air comprimé et le flux d'air contaminé doivent être converties en énergie
électrique conformément à l'ISO 14955-2:2018, 7.9, afin d'appliquer l'ISO 14955-1.
En particulier, pour l’état de fonctionnement TRAITEMENT EN COURS, l’énergie fournie doit être
évaluée en fonction de chaque activité de la machine-outil.
6 © ISO 2020 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO 14955-5:2020(F)
Les types d'énergie fournie à prendre en compte aux frontières du système sont (voir la Figure 1):
— intrants d’énergie électrique;
— intrants d’alimentation en air comprimé (le cas échéant);
— extrants de flux d’air contaminé (le cas échéant).
Légende
1 machine-outil
2 unité périphérique A
3 unité périphérique B
4 frontière du système
5 énergie électrique
6 air comprimé
7 air contaminé
Figure 1 — Énergie fournie à prendre en compte pour machines-outils pour le travail du bois
Les états de fonctionnement correspondant à chaque technologie de machines-outils pour le travail
du bois sont donnés dans le Tableau 2. Lorsqu’un état de fonctionnement n’est pas fourni, il doit être
déclaré.
Les activités à prendre en compte pour l’état de fonctionnement TRAITEMENT EN COURS doivent être
convenues entre le fabricant/fournisseur et l'utilisateur ou prises en charge de manière conventionnelle.
Lorsque différentes technologies de placage sur chants sont disponibles sur une machine, les données
pour l’énergie fournie dans chaque état de fonctionnement pertinent autre qu’ARRÊT conformément
au Tableau 2 doivent être déclarées pour chaque technologie (par exemple, laser, air chaud, différents
types de colle).
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ISO 14955-5:2020(F)
Tableau 2 — États de fonctionnement pertinents en fonction de la technologie de la machine-
outil pour le travail du bois
États de fonctionnement pertinents
Technologie de la machine-outil
TRAITEMENT
ARRÊT MARCHE VEILLE PRÉCHAUFFAGE
EN COURS
Lorsqu’un équipe-
Perceuses et défonceuses CN ment de placage sur
chants est fourni
Scies à panneaux horizontales à
presseur
Scies à panneaux verticales
Machines à plaquer sur chant à
alimentation par chaînes
Machines de calibrage et de ponçage
à bande large
Machines à moulurer sur quatre
faces
Pour machines
Machines à tenonner et/ou à profiler à haute vitesse
(>100 m/min)
Machines de placage/contrecolleuse
Scies au format et scies circulaires à
table de menuisier
Toupies monobroches à arbre
vertical
Machines à dégauchir, machines
à raboter, machines combinées à
dégauchir/raboter
Machines à scie à ruban
Machines combinées
Déligneuses multi-lames
Presses et presses à cintrer
Presses de montage
5.2 Scénarii d’essai
Un scénario basé sur une machine peut être convenu entre le fabricant/fournisseur et l'utilisateur,
suivant l’exemple donné dans le Tableau 3 qui reflète les états de fonctionnement pertinents pour les
machines-outils pour le travail du bois.
NOTE L’exemple de scénario d’essai basé sur la machine donné dans l’ISO 14955-2:2018, Tableau 1, ne tient
pas compte de tous les états de fonctionnement pertinents pour les machines-outils pour le travail du bois.
Le regroupement des parts de temps pour les scénarii d’essai doit être effectué conformément à
l’ISO 14955-2:2018, 5.2.3.2.
L’état de fonctionnement TRAITEMENT EN COURS peut être subdivisé en différentes activités.
En alternative au scénario d’essai basé sur la machine, un scénario d’essai basé sur la tâche peut être
convenu entre le fabricant/fournisseur et l'utilisateur, c
...
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