ISO 21028-1:2004

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 21028-1
First edition
2004-07-01


Cryogenic vessels — Toughness
requirements for materials at cryogenic
temperature —
Part 1:
Temperatures below −−−− 80 °C
Récipients cryogéniques — Exigences de ténacité pour les matériaux à
température cryogénique —
Partie 1: Températures inférieures à − 80 °C




Reference number
ISO 21028-1:2004(E)
©
ISO 2004

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ISO 21028-1:2004(E)
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ISO 21028-1:2004(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
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International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 21028-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 220, Cryogenic vessels.
ISO 21028 consists of the following parts, under the general title Cryogenic vessels — Toughness
requirements for materials at cryogenic temperature:
 Part 1: Temperatures below − 80 °C
 Part 2: Temperatures between − 80 °C and − 20 °C
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ISO 21028-1:2004(E)
Introduction
The use of materials at low temperatures entails special problems which have to be addressed. Consideration
has to be given, in particular, to changes in mechanical characteristics, expansion and contraction
phenomena and the thermal conduction of the various materials. Austenitic stainless steel can transform from
the austenitic to the martensitic phase when cooled down, leading to dimensional change that needs to be
considered during design.
However, the most important property to be considered is material toughness at low temperatures.
This part of ISO 21028 is based on the European Standard EN 1252-1:1998.

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 21028-1:2004(E)

Cryogenic vessels — Toughness requirements for materials at
cryogenic temperature —
Part 1:
Temperatures below −− 80 °C
−−
1 Scope
This part of ISO 21028 specifies the toughness requirements of metallic materials for use at temperatures
below − 80 °C to ensure their suitability for cryogenic vessels. It is not applicable to unalloyed steels and cast
materials.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 148 (all parts), Metallic materials — Charpy pendulum impact test
EN 10028-4:1994, Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes — Part 4: Nickel alloy steels with
specified low temperature properties
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
minimum working temperature
lowest temperature likely to be reached by the vessel or by one of the vessel components during operation
4 Toughness requirements
4.1 General
The toughness of the materials used shall be either guaranteed by the material producer or verified by
conducting an impact test on the material in accordance with the requirements given in this clause.
Additionally, impact tests shall be performed on welded vessels as part of welding procedure qualification and
production weld tests as specified in the product standard.
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ISO 21028-1:2004(E)
4.2 Steels
The materials used for the manufacture of the vessels, the welds and the heat-affected zone shall meet either
the minimum impact energy or lateral expansion values.
2
a) Minimum impact energy value: 34 J/cm .
2
NOTE 1 34 J/cm corresponds to a 27 J energy for a full-size specimen.
b) Minimum lateral expansion value: 0,38 mm.
These requirements apply to parent metal, welds and heat-affected zones at minimum working temperature
and for the following steels.
 Ferritic alloy steel Ni u 9 %
NOTE 2 Product standards could specify more str
...