Additive manufacturing — General principles — Main characteristics and corresponding test methods

This document specifies the principal requirements applied to the testing of parts produced by additive manufacturing processes. This document — identifies quality characteristics for feedstock and parts and the corresponding test procedures, — provides the specific procedures to build specimens using additive manufacturing process, and — recommends the scope and content of test and supply agreements. This document is aimed at machine manufacturers, feedstock suppliers, AM system users, part providers, and customers to facilitate the communication on main quality characteristics. It applies wherever additive manufacturing processes are used. NOTE It is the intent to include, in future versions of this document, other characteristics such as thermal properties, electrical requirements and physical and physico-chemical properties based upon material types.

Fabrication additive — Principes généraux — Principales caractéristiques et méthodes d'essai correspondantes

Le présent document spécifie les principales exigences appliquées aux essais des pièces produites par des procédés de fabrication additive. Le présent document — identifie des caractéristiques de qualité des matière premières et des pièces, ainsi que les modes opératoires d’essai correspondants, — fournit les procédures spécifiques pour fabriquer des éprouvettes en utilisant des procédés de fabrication additive, et — recommande le domaine d’application et le contenu de l’essai et des accords d'approvisionnement. Le présent document est destiné aux fabricants de machines, aux fournisseurs de matière première, aux utilisateurs de systèmes de FA, aux fournisseurs de pièces et aux clients pour faciliter la communication sur les principales caractéristiques de qualité. Il s’applique dès lors que des procédés de fabrication additive sont utilisés. NOTE Il est prévu d'inclure d'autres caractéristiques, dans les futures versions du présent document, telles que les propriétés thermiques, les exigences électriques ainsi que les propriétés physiques et physico-chimiques selon le type de matériau.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
18-Mar-2024
Current Stage
6060 - International Standard published
Start Date
19-Mar-2024
Due Date
16-Jun-2024
Completion Date
19-Mar-2024
Ref Project

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Standards Content (Sample)


International
Standard
ISO/ASTM 52927
First edition
Additive manufacturing — General
2024-03
principles — Main characteristics
and corresponding test methods
Fabrication additive — Principes généraux — Principales
caractéristiques et méthodes d'essai correspondantes
Reference number
© ISO/ASTM International 2024
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester. In the United States, such requests should be sent to ASTM International.
ISO copyright office ASTM International
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, USA
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11 Phone: +610 832 9634
Fax: +610 832 9635
Email: copyright@iso.org Email: khooper@astm.org
Website: www.iso.org Website: www.astm.org
Published in Switzerland
© ISO/ASTM International 2024 – All rights reserved
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Main characteristics and corresponding test methods . 2
4.1 General .2
4.2 Selection criteria .2
5 Part and process testing — Specifications and quality criteria . 3
5.1 General .3
5.2 Testing the feedstocks .3
5.3 Monitoring the process .3
5.4 Testing the part .3
Annex A (normative) Test methods for metallic materials . 4
Annex B (normative) Test methods for polymer materials .10
Annex C (normative) Test methods for ceramic materials . 14
Bibliography .18

© ISO/ASTM International 2024 – All rights reserved
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 261, Additive manufacturing, in cooperation
with ASTM Committee F42, Additive Manufacturing Technologies, on the basis of a partnership agreement
between ISO and ASTM International with the aim to create a common set of ISO/ASTM standards on
additive manufacturing, and in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN)
Technical Committee CEN/TC 438, Additive manufacturing, in accordance with the Agreement on technical
cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
The first edition of this document cancels and replaces the first edition of ISO 17296-3:2014, which has been
technically revised and merged with document ASTM F3122-14 and therefore re-designated and renamed
to ISO/ASTM 52927.
The main changes are as follows:
— the main types of materials (metallic, polymers and ceramics) are separated in specific annexes following
the main part containing general requirements;
— This document includes the contents of ASTM F3122-14 and merges them with (formerly) ISO 17296-3.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

© ISO/ASTM International 2024 – All rights reserved
iv
Introduction
Additive manufacturing is a process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer
upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing and formative methodologies. It is used to manufacture
prototypes and production parts.
This document aims to offer recommendations and advice to machine manufacturers, feedstock suppliers,
AM system users, part providers, and customers, to improve communication between these stakeholders
concerning test methods.
This document has been developed within a set of consistent documents from terminology to test methods
and data exchange.
Additive manufacturing processes require the selective application of thermo-physical and/or chemical
mechanisms to generate the part. Thus, it is possible to produce parts with different characteristics,
depending on the method and the process parameters used. However, complete testing of all characteristics
for every part is neither cost-effective nor technologically feasible. Therefore, when formulating parts
specifications, the nature and scope of testing is an important issue.
This document provides an overview of test methods for the characterization of the mechanical properties
of metals, ceramics and polymers. It lists all the applicable standards based on specimens manufactured
in a traditional process and gives the complement applicable when these specimens are manufactured by
additive manufacturing.
At the time of publication of this document, the state of the art does not allow to describe all these specificities
related to additive manufacturing. This document will therefore be regularly revised in order to incorporate
the knowledge acquired in the field of additive manufacturing.

© ISO/ASTM International 2024 – All rights reserved
v
International Standard ISO/ASTM 52927:2024(en)
Additive manufacturing — General principles — Main
characteristics and corresponding test methods
1 Scope
This document specifies the principal requirements applied to the testing of parts produced by additive
manufacturing processes.
This document
— identifies quality characteristics for feedstock and parts and the corresponding test procedures,
— provides the specific procedures to build specimens using additive manufacturing process, and
— recommends the scope and content of test and supply agreements.
This document is aimed at machine manufacturers, feedstock suppliers, AM system users, part providers,
and customers to facilitate the communication on main quality characteristics. It applies wherever additive
manufacturing processes are used.
NOTE It is the intent to include, in future versions of this document, other characteristics such as thermal
properties, electrical requirements and physical and physico-chemical properties based upon material types.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
1)
ISO 17295 , Additive manufacturing — General principles — Part positioning, coordinates and orientation
ISO/ASTM 52900, Additive manufacturing — General principles — Fundamentals and vocabulary
ISO/ASTM 52909, Additive manufacturing — Finished part properties — Orientation and location dependence
of mechanical properties for metal powder bed fusion
ISO/ASTM 52915, Specification for additive manufacturing file format (AMF) Version 1.2
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/ASTM 52900 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
1)  ISO 17295 cancels and replaces ISO/ASTM 52921-13 which is still available at: https:// www .astm .org/ f2921 -13r19
.html.
© ISO/ASTM International 2024 – All rights reserved
4 Main characteristics and corresponding test methods
4.1 General
This clause contains the general requirements and recommendations for the relevant tests, regardless of the
material type.
For specific requirements and recommendations regarding tests and methods on specimens made of
metallic materials, see Annex A.
For specific requirements and recommendations regarding tests and methods on specimens made of
polymer materials, see Annex B.
For specific requirements and recommendations regarding tests and methods on specimens made of
ceramic materials, see Annex C.
Each development and fabrication phase of a part has a specific purpose. The acceptance criteria for each
quality characteristic are determined based on the part requirements and these can influence the choice of
additive manufacturing process. This document develops the following main quality characteristics:
— feedstock:
— size and shape: powder particle size distribution, mean particle size, morphology;
— packing and transport properties within the AM system: apparent and tap density, flowability,
pourability, filament cast and helix;
— chemistry: chemical composition, ash/carbon content.
— parts:
— surface requirements: appearance and colour;
— geometric and dimensional requirements: profile, roughness, size, shape, orientation, position,
dimensional tolerancing;
— mechanical requirements: hardness, tensile strength, impact strength, compressive strength,
flexural strength, fatigue strength, creep, ageing, frictional coefficient, shear resistance, and crack
extension;
— physical and chemical properties: density, chemical composition, grain size, imperfections (e.g.
porosity, cracks).
NOTE The following other characteristics of parts have been identified but, due to the specificity of additive
manufacturing, will be provided in a future version of this document:
— thermal properties (e.g. operating temperature range, dimensional stability in heat, softening temperatures,
melting point, sp
...


Norme
internationale
ISO/ASTM 52927
Première édition
Fabrication additive — Principes
2024-03
généraux — Principales
caractéristiques et méthodes
d'essai correspondantes
Additive manufacturing — General principles — Main
characteristics and corresponding test methods
Numéro de référence
DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT
© ISO/ASTM International 2024
Tous droits réservés. Sauf prescription différente ou nécessité dans le contexte de sa mise en œuvre, aucune partie de cette
publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique,
y compris la photocopie, ou la diffusion sur l’internet ou un intranet, sans autorisation écrite soit de l’ISO à l’adresse ci-après,
soit d’un organisme membre de l’ISO dans le pays du demandeur. Aux États-Unis, les demandes doivent être adressées à ASTM
International.
ISO copyright office ASTM International
Case postale 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700
CH-1214 Vernier, Genève West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, USA
Tél.: +41 22 749 01 11 Tél.: +610 832 9634
Fax: +610 832 9635
E-mail: copyright@iso.org E-mail: khooper@astm.org
Web: www.iso.org Web: www.astm.org
Publié en Suisse
© ISO/ASTM International 2024 – Tous droits réservés
ii
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .iv
Introduction .v
1 Domaine d’application . 1
2 Références normatives . 1
3 Termes et définitions . 1
4 Principales caractéristiques et méthodes d’essai correspondantes . 2
4.1 Généralités .2
4.2 Critères de sélection .3
5 Essais sur la pièce et le procédé — Spécifications et critères de qualité . 3
5.1 Généralités .3
5.2 Essais sur les matières premières .3
5.3 Suivi du procédé .3
5.4 Essais sur la pièce .4
Annexe A (normative) Méthodes d’essai pour matériaux métalliques . 5
Annexe B (normative) Méthodes d’essai pour matériaux polymères .11
Annexe C (normative) Méthodes d’essai pour matériaux céramiques .15
Bibliographie . 19

© ISO/ASTM International 2024 – Tous droits réservés
iii
Avant-propos
L’ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d’organismes nationaux de
normalisation (comité membres de l’ISO). L’élaboration des Normes internationales est confiée aux comités
techniques de l’ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire partie du comité
technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non gouvernementales,
en liaison avec l’ISO participent également aux travaux. L’ISO collabore étroitement avec la Commission
électrotechnique internationale (IEC) en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les procédures utilisées pour l’élaboration du présent document et celles destinées à sa mise à jour sont
décrites dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 1. Il convient, en particulier de prendre note des différents
critères d’approbation requis pour les différents types de documents ISO. Le présent document
a été rédigé conformément aux règles de rédaction données dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2
(voir www.iso.org/directives).
L'ISO attire l'attention sur le fait que la mise en application du présent document peut entraîner l'utilisation
d'un ou de plusieurs brevets. L'ISO ne prend pas de position quant à la preuve, à la validité et à l'applicabilité
de tout droit de brevet revendiqué à cet égard. À la date de publication du présent document, l'ISO n'avait
pas reçu de notification qu'un ou plusieurs brevets pouvaient être nécessaires à sa mise en application.
Toutefois, il y a lieu d'avertir les responsables de la mise en application du présent document que des
informations plus récentes sont susceptibles de figurer dans la base de données de brevets, disponible à
l'adresse www.iso.org/brevets. L'ISO ne saurait être tenue responsable de ne pas avoir identifié tout ou
partie de tels droits de propriété.
Les appellations commerciales éventuellement mentionnées dans le présent document sont données pour
information, par souci de commodité, à l’intention des utilisateurs et ne sauraient constituer un engagement.
Pour une explication de la nature volontaire des normes, la signification des termes et expressions
spécifiques de l’ISO liés à l’évaluation de la conformité, ou pour toute information au sujet de l’adhésion de
l’ISO aux principes de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) concernant les obstacles techniques au
commerce (OTC), voir: www.iso.org/iso/fr/avant-propos.html.
Le présent document a été élaboré par le comité technique ISO/TC 261, Fabrication additive, en coopération
avec le Comité ASTM F42, Technologies de fabrication additive, dans le cadre d’un accord de partenariat
entre l’ISO et ASTM International dans le but de créer un ensemble commun de normes ISO/ASTM sur la
fabrication additive ainsi qu’en collaboration avec le comité technique CEN/TC 438, Fabrication additive, du
Comité européen de normalisation (CEN) conformément à l’Accord de coopération technique entre l’ISO et le
CEN (Accord de Vienne).
Cette première édition annule et remplace la première édition de l’ISO 17296-3:2014, qui a fait l’objet
d’une révision technique et d’une fusion avec l’ASTM F3122-14 et a donc été remaniée et renommée
ISO/ASTM 52927.
Les principales modifications sont les suivantes:
— les principaux types de matériaux (métalliques, polymères et céramiques) sont séparés dans des annexes
spécifiques suivant la partie principale qui contient les exigences générales;
— le présent document comprend le contenu de l’ASTM F3122-14 et le fusionne avec celui de l’ISO 17296-3
(ancienne édition).
Il convient que l’utilisateur adresse tout retour d’information ou toute question concernant le présent
document à l’organisme national de normalisation de son pays. Une liste exhaustive desdits organismes se
trouve à l’adresse www.iso.org/fr/members.html.

© ISO/ASTM International 2024 – Tous droits réservés
iv
Introduction
La fabrication additive est un processus d’adhésion de matériaux pour fabriquer des pièces à partir de
données de modèles 3D, généralement couche après couche, par opposition à la fabrication soustractive et
aux méthodes de mise en forme. Elle est utilisée pour fabriquer des prototypes et des pièces de production.
Le présent document vise à offrir des recommandations et des conseils aux fabricants de machines, aux
fournisseurs de matière première, aux utilisateurs de systèmes de FA, aux fournisseurs de pièces et aux
clients, pour améliorer la communication entre ces parties prenantes en ce qui concerne les méthodes
d’essai.
Le présent document a été élaboré dans un ensemble de documents cohérent depuis la terminologie
jusqu’aux méthodes d’essai et à l’échange de données.
Les procédés de fabrication additive exigent l’application sélective de mécanismes thermo-physiques
et/ou chimiques pour générer la pièce. Par conséquent, il est possible de produire les pièces avec des
caractéristiques différentes en fonction de la méthode et des paramètres de procédé utilisés. Cependant,
soumettre à l’essai toutes les caractéristiques pour chaque pièce n’est ni rentable, ni technologiquement
faisable. Par conséquent, lors de la formulation des spécifications des pièces, la nature et le domaine
d’application des essais est une question importante.
Le présent document fournit un aperçu des méthodes d’essai pour la caractérisation des propriétés
mécaniques des métaux, céramiques et polymères. Il énumère toutes les normes applicables selon les
éprouvettes fabriquées via un procédé traditionnel et donne le complément applicable lorsque ces
éprouvettes sont fabriquées par fabrication additive.
Au moment de la publication du présent document, l’état de l’art ne permet pas de décrire toutes les
spécificités liées à la fabrication additive. Le présent document sera donc régulièrement révisé afin d’y
intégrer les connaissances acquises dans le domaine de la fabrication additive.

© ISO/ASTM International 2024 – Tous droits réservés
v
Norme internationale ISO/ASTM 52927:2024(fr)
Fabrication additive — Principes généraux — Principales
caractéristiques et méthodes d'essai correspondantes
1 Domaine d’application
Le présent document spécifie les principales exigences appliquées aux essais des pièces produites par des
procédés de fabrication additive.
Le présent document
— identifie des caractéristiques de qualité des matière premières et des pièces, ainsi que les modes
opératoires d’essai correspondants,
— fournit les procédures spécifiques pour fabriquer des éprouvettes en utilisant des procédés de fabrication
additive, et
— recommande le domaine d’application et le contenu de l’essai et des accords d'approvisionnement.
Le présent document est destiné aux fabricants de machines, aux fournisseurs de matière première, aux
utilisateurs de systèmes de FA, aux fournisseurs de pièces et aux clients pour faciliter la communication sur
les principales caractéristiques de qualité. Il s’applique dès lors que des procédés de fabrication additive
sont utilisés.
NOTE Il est prévu d'inclure d'autres caractéristiques, dans les futures versions du présent document, telles que
les propriétés thermiques, les exigences électriques ainsi que les propriétés physiques et physico-chimiques selon le
type de matériau.
2 Références normatives
Les documents suivants, en tout ou partie, sont référencés de façon normative dans le présent document
et sont indispensables à son application. Pour les références datées, seule l’édition citée s’applique. Pour les
références non datées, la dernière édition du document de référence (y compris les éventuels amendements)
s’applique.
1)
ISO 17295 , Fabrication additive — Principes généraux — Positionnement, coordonnées et orientation de la pièce
ISO/ASTM 52900, Fabrication additive — Principes généraux — Fondamentaux et vocabulaire
ISO/ASTM 52909, Fabrication additive — Propriétés des pièces — Dépendance de l’orientation et de
l’emplacement des propriétés mécaniques pour la fusion sur lit de poudre métallique
ISO/ASTM 52915, Spécification pour le format de fichier pour la fabrication additive (AMF) Version 1.2
3 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et définitions donnés dans l’ISO/ASTM 52900 s’appliquent.
L’ISO et l’IEC tiennent à jour des bases de données terminologiques destinées à être utilisées en normalisation,
consultables aux adresses suivantes:
— ISO Online browsing platform: disponible à l’adresse https:// www .iso .org/ obp
1)  L'ISO 17295 annule et remplace l'ISO/ASTM 52921-13 qui est toujours disponible sur: https:// www .astm .org/
f2921 -13r19 .html.
© ISO/ASTM International 2024 – Tous droits réservés
— IEC Electropedia: disponible à l’adresse https:// www .electropedia .org/
4 Principales caractéristiques et méthodes d’essai correspondantes
4.1 Généralités
Le présent article contient les exigences et les recommandations générales pour les essais pertinents, quel
que soit le type de matériau.
Pour les exigences et les recommandations spécifiques relatives aux essais et méthodes sur des éprouvettes
faites de matériaux métalliques, voir l’Annexe A.
Pour les exigences et les recommandations spécifiques relatives aux essais et méthodes sur des éprouvettes
faites de matériaux polymères, voir l’Annexe B.
Pour les exigences et les recommandations spécifiques relatives aux essais et méthodes sur des éprouvettes
faites de matériaux céramiques, voir l’Annexe C.
Chaque phase de développement et de fabrication d’une pièce a un but spécifique. Les critères d'acceptation
pour chaque caractéristique de qualité sont déterminés selon les exigences de la pièce, celles-ci étant en
mesure d'influencer l
...


FINAL DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/ASTM
FDIS
ISO/TC 261
Additive manufacturing — General
Secretariat: DIN
principles — Main characteristics
Voting begins on:
and corresponding test methods
2024-01-02
Fabrication additive — Principes généraux — Principales
Voting terminates on:
caractéristiques et méthodes d'essai correspondantes
2024-02-27
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO­
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
Reference number
ISO/ASTM FDIS 52927:2024(en) © ISO/ASTM International 2024

FINAL DRAFT
ISO/ASTM FDIS 52927:2024(en)
International
Standard
ISO/ASTM
FDIS
ISO/TC 261
Additive manufacturing — General
Secretariat: DIN
principles — Main characteristics
Voting begins on:
and corresponding test methods
Fabrication additive — Principes généraux — Principales
Voting terminates on:
caractéristiques et méthodes d'essai correspondantes
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
© ISO/ASTM International 2024
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO­
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester. In the United States, such requests should be sent to ASTM International.
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
ISO copyright office ASTM International TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, USA
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11 Phone: +610 832 9634
Fax: +610 832 9635
Email: copyright@iso.org Email: khooper@astm.org
Website: www.iso.org Website: www.astm.org
Published in Switzerland Reference number
ISO/ASTM FDIS 52927:2023(en) © ISO/ASTM International 2023

© ISO/ASTM International 2024 – All rights reserved
ii
ISO/ASTM FDIS 52927:2023(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Main characteristics and corresponding test methods . 2
4.1 General .2
4.2 Selection criteria .2
5 Part and process testing — Specifications and quality criteria . 3
5.1 General .3
5.2 Testing the feedstocks .3
5.3 Monitoring the process .3
5.4 Testing the part .3
Annex A (normative) Test methods for metallic materials . 4
Annex B (normative) Test methods for polymer materials .10
Annex C (normative) Test methods for ceramic materials . 14
Bibliography .18

© ISO/ASTM International 2023 – All rights reserved
iii
ISO/ASTM FDIS 52927:2023(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 261, Additive manufacturing, in cooperation
with ASTM Committee F42, Additive Manufacturing Technologies, on the basis of a partnership agreement
between ISO and ASTM International with the aim to create a common set of ISO/ASTM standards on
additive manufacturing, and in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN)
Technical Committee CEN/TC 438, Additive manufacturing, in accordance with the Agreement on technical
cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
The first edition of this document cancels and replaces the first edition of ISO 17296-3:2014, which has been
technically revised and merged with document ASTM F3122-14 and therefore re-designated and renamed
to ISO/ASTM 52927.
The main changes are as follows:
— the main types of materials (metallic, polymers and ceramics) are separated in specific annexes following
the main part containing general requirements;
— This document includes the contents of ASTM F3122-14 and merges them with (formerly) ISO 17296-3.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

© ISO/ASTM International 2023 – All rights reserved
iv
ISO/ASTM FDIS 52927:2023(en)
Introduction
Additive manufacturing is a process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer
upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing and formative methodologies. It is used to manufacture
prototypes and production parts.
This document aims to offer recommendations and advice to machine manufacturers, feedstock suppliers,
AM system users, part providers, and customers, to improve communication between these stakeholders
concerning test methods.
This document has been developed within a set of consistent documents from terminology to test methods
and data exchange.
Additive manufacturing processes require the selective application of thermo-physical and/or chemical
mechanisms to generate the part. Thus, it is possible to produce parts with different characteristics,
depending on the method and the process parameters used. However, complete testing of all characteristics
for every part is neither cost-effective nor technologically feasible. Therefore, when formulating parts
specifications, the nature and scope of testing is an important issue.
This document provides an overview of test methods for the characterization of the mechanical properties
of metals, ceramics and polymers. It lists all the applicable standards based on specimens manufactured
in a traditional process and gives the complement applicable when these specimens are manufactured by
additive manufacturing.
At the time of publication of this document, the state of the art does not allow to describe all these specificities
related to additive manufacturing. This document will therefore be regularly revised in order to incorporate
the knowledge acquired in the field of additive manufacturing.

© ISO/ASTM International 2023 – All rights reserved
v
FINAL DRAFT International Standard ISO/ASTM FDIS 52927:2023(en)
Additive manufacturing — General principles — Main
characteristics and corresponding test methods
1 Scope
This document specifies the principal requirements applied to the testing of parts produced by additive
manufacturing processes.
This document
— identifies quality characteristics for feedstock and parts and the corresponding test procedures,
— provides the specific procedures to build specimens using additive manufacturing process, and
— recommends the scope and content of test and supply agreements.
This document is aimed at machine manufacturers, feedstock suppliers, AM system users, part providers,
and customers to facilitate the communication on main quality characteristics. It applies wherever additive
manufacturing processes are used.
NOTE It is the intend to include other characteristics such as thermal properties, electrical requirements and
physical and physico-chemical properties based upon material types.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 17295, Additive manufacturing — General principles — Part positioning, coordinates and orientation
ISO/ASTM 52900, Additive manufacturing — General principles — Fundamentals and vocabulary
ISO/ASTM 52909, Additive manufacturing — Finished part properties — Orientation and location dependence
of mechanical properties for metal powder bed fusion
ISO/ASTM 52915, Specification for additive manufacturing file format (AMF) Version 1.2
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/ASTM 52900 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/

© ISO/ASTM International 2023 – All rights reserved
ISO/ASTM FDIS 52927:2023(en)
4 Main characteristics and corresponding test methods
4.1 General
This clause contains the general requirements and recommendations for the relevant tests, regardless of the
material type.
For specific requirements and recommendations regarding tests and methods on specimens made of
metallic materials, see Annex A.
For specific requirements and recommendations regarding tests and methods on specimens made of
polymer materials, see Annex B.
For specific requirements and recommendations regarding tests and methods on specimens made of
ceramic materials, see Annex C.
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© ISO/ASTM 2023
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distance from edge: 0.5 cm
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this
publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
Commented [eXtyles1]: Not found: "ISO/ASTM 2023"
including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can
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be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester. In the
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United States, such requests should be sent to ASTM International.
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ISO copyright office ASTM International
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CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700
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CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, USA
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11 Phone: +610 832 9634
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47 Fax: +610 832 9635
Email: copyright@iso.org Email: khooper@astm.org
Website: www.iso.org Website: www.astm.org
Commented [eXtyles2]: The URL http://www.astm.org
has been redirected to https://www.astm.org/. Please verify
the URL.
E-mail: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
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ii © ISO/ASTM International 2023 – All rights reserved
© ISO/ASTM 2023 – All rights reserved

ii
ISO/ASTM FDIS 52927:2023 (E)
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Contents
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Foreword .vi Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
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Introduction. viii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Main characteristics and corresponding test methods . 2
4.1 General . 2
4.2 Selection criteria . 3
5 Part and process testing — Specifications and quality criteria . 3
5.1 General . 3
5.2 Testing the feedstocks . 3
5.3 Monitoring the process . 3
5.4 Testing the part . 4
Annex A (normative) Test methods for metallic materials . 5
Annex B (normative) Test methods for polymer materials . 12
Annex C (normative) Test methods for ceramic materials . 16
Bibliography . 20

Foreword v
Introduction vi
1 Scope 1
2 Normative references 1
3 Terms and definitions 1
4 Main characteristics and corresponding test methods 1
4.1 General 1
4.2 Selection criteria 2
5 Part and process testing — Specifications and quality criteria 2
5.1 General 2
5.2 Testing the feedstocks 3
5.3 Monitoring the process 3
5.4 Testing the part 3
Annex A (normative) Test methods for metallic materials 4
A.1 General 4
Formatted: Font: 11 pt
A.2 Surface requirements 4
Formatted: FooterPageRomanNumber, Line spacing:
A.3 Geometric requirements 4
single
© ISO/ASTM International 2023 – All rights reserved iii
© ISO/ASTM 2023 – All rights reserved

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ISO/ASTM FDIS 52927:2023(E)
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A.4 Mechanical requirements 5
A.5 Physical and chemical property requirements 5
A.5.1 General 5
A.5.2 Specificities for additive manufacturing 6
A.5.2.1 General 6
A.5.2.2 Processing 6
A.5.2.3 Post-processing 6
A.6 Performance criteria and quality characteristics 6
A.6.1 General 6
A.6.2 Specificities for additive manufacturing 6
A.7 Specific comment on characteristics 8
A.7.1 General 8
A.7.2 Hardness 8
A.7.3 Tensile strength 8
A.7.4 Impact strength 9
A.7.5 Compressive strength 9
A.7.6 Fatigue strength 9
A.7.7 Crack extension 10
Annex B (normative) Test methods for polymer materials 11
B.1 General 11
B.2 Surface requirements 11
B.3 Geometric requirements 11
B.4 Mechanical requirements 12
B.5 Formed material requirements 12
B.5.1 General 12
B.5.2 Specificities for additive manufacturing 12
B.5.2.1 General 12
B.5.2.2 Processing 12
B.5.2.3 Post-processing 12
B.6 Performance criteria and quality characteristics 13
B.6.1 General 13
B.6.2 Specificities for additive manufacturing 13
Annex C (normative) Test methods for ceramic materials 15
C.1 General 15
C.2 Surface requirements 15
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C.3 Geometric requirements 15
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C.4 Mechanical requirements 16
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iv © ISO/ASTM International 2023 – All rights reserved
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iv
ISO/ASTM FDIS 52927:2023 (E)
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C.5 Formed material requirements 16
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C.5.1 General 16
C.5.2 Specificities for additive manufacturing 16
C.5.2.1 General 16
C.5.2.2 Process 16
C.5.2.3 Post-processing 16
C.6 Performance criteria and quality characteristics 17
C.6.1 General 17
C.6.2 Specificities for additive manufacturing 17
Bibliography 19
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© ISO/ASTM International 2023 – All rights reserved v
© ISO/ASTM 2023 – All rights reserved

v
ISO/ASTM FDIS 52927:2023(E)
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Formatted: HeaderCentered, Line spacing: single
Foreword
Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance
with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Formatted: English (United Kingdom)
Field Code Changed
Attention is drawnISO draws attention to the possibility that some of the elementsimplementation of this
document may beinvolve the subjectuse of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence,
validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights. ISO in respect thereof. As of the date of publication
of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this
document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information,
which may be obtained from the patent database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held
responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the
development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations
received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
Formatted: English (United Kingdom)
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
Field Code Changed
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html. Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
The committee responsible for thisThis document iswas prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 261,
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Additive manufacturing, in cooperation with ASTM Committee F42, Additive Manufacturing Technologies,
on the basis of a partnership agreement between ISO and ASTM International with the aim to create a
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
common set of ISO/ASTM standards on Additive Manufacturing.additive manufacturing, and in
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
438, Additive manufacturing, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO
and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
Commented [eXtyles3]: ISO/ASTM 52927: current stage
is 50.00
ThisThe first edition of this document cancels and replaces the first edition (of ISO 17296-3:2014),, which
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has been technically revised and merged with document ASTM F3122-14 and therefore re-designated
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
and renamed to ISO/ASTM 52927.
Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows: Adjust space between Asian text and numbers, Tab
stops: Not at 0.7 cm + 1.4 cm + 2.1 cm + 2.8 cm +
— — Thethe main types of materials (metallic, polymers and ceramics) are separated in specific 3.5 cm + 4.2 cm + 4.9 cm + 5.6 cm + 6.3 cm + 7 cm
Annexesannexes following the main part containing general requirements,;
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vi © ISO/ASTM International 2023 – All rights reserved
© ISO/ASTM 2023 – All rights reserved

vi
ISO/ASTM FDIS 52927:2023 (E)
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— — This versiondocument includes the contents of ASTM F3122-14 and merges them with (formerly)
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ISO 17296-3.
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Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
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complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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© ISO/ASTM 2023 – All rights reserved

vii
ISO/ASTM FDIS 52927:2023(E)
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Introduction
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