ISO/TR 32121:2026
(Main)Transaction assurance in E-commerce — Practices for developing terms of use for business-to-consumer (B2C) E-commerce platforms
Transaction assurance in E-commerce — Practices for developing terms of use for business-to-consumer (B2C) E-commerce platforms
This document provides practices for developing terms of use for business-to-consumer (B2C) E-commerce platforms, including specific principles, key elements and developing processes. This document is applicable to all parties involved in B2C E-commerce transactions and the development process of terms of use.
Assurance des transactions de commerce électronique — Pratiques pour l'élaboration des conditions générales d'utilisation des plateformes de commerce électronique entre entreprises et consommateurs (B2C)
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 02-Feb-2026
- Technical Committee
- ISO/TC 321 - Transaction assurance in E-commerce
- Drafting Committee
- ISO/TC 321 - Transaction assurance in E-commerce
- Current Stage
- 6060 - International Standard published
- Start Date
- 03-Feb-2026
- Completion Date
- 02-Feb-2026
Overview - ISO/TR 32121: Transaction assurance in E‑commerce (TOU for B2C platforms)
ISO/TR 32121 (ISO/DTR 32121:2025) is a Technical Report from ISO/TC 321 that gives practical guidance for developing Terms of Use (TOU) for business‑to‑consumer (B2C) e‑commerce platforms. Published in 2025 with secretariat SAC, the document complements ISO 32111 and ISO 32110 by aligning TOU development with the broader transaction assurance framework. Its scope covers principles, key TOU elements, development processes and case studies drawn from 13 representative B2C marketplaces.
Key topics and technical requirements
- Principles for TOU: Emphasis on transparency, intellectual property protection, multi‑party participation, and continual improvement to strengthen trust and reduce disputes in B2C e‑commerce.
- Classification and benchmarking: Categorization of TOU types and comparative case studies (Platforms A–M) to illustrate real‑world practices.
- Key TOU elements: Guidance on general rules, entry/registration rules, service guarantees, rights protection (including IP), dispute resolution and special conditions.
- Development process: Methodology based on analysis of high‑traffic marketplaces - selection criteria include monthly traffic, product categories (fashion, electronics, houseware, arts & crafts, etc.), and global market reach.
- Usability requirements: Recommendations for clear language, structured Table of Contents, upfront definitions, and emphasis of critical clauses to improve consumer comprehension and compliance.
Applications - who uses ISO/TR 32121 and why
- E‑commerce platform operators: To design or update TOU that support secure, transparent B2C transactions and reduce legal exposure.
- Legal and compliance teams: For consistent contract drafting, dispute resolution clauses, IP protections and regulatory alignment.
- Product managers & UX teams: To present TOU in consumer‑friendly formats that improve transparency and consent practices.
- Regulators and consumer protection bodies: To assess marketplace TOU against transaction assurance principles.
- Third‑party sellers and service providers: To understand platform rules, entry requirements and rights protection within marketplaces.
Related standards
- ISO 32110:2023 - Transaction assurance in E‑commerce - Vocabulary
- ISO 32111:2023 - Transaction assurance in E‑commerce - Principles and framework
ISO/TR 32121 is a practical, case‑driven resource for drafting enforceable, transparent Terms of Use that strengthen transaction assurance, consumer confidence and fair marketplace operations in global B2C e‑commerce.
Get Certified
Connect with accredited certification bodies for this standard

BSI Group
BSI (British Standards Institution) is the business standards company that helps organizations make excellence a habit.

NYCE
Mexican standards and certification body.
Sponsored listings
Frequently Asked Questions
ISO/TR 32121:2026 is a technical report published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Its full title is "Transaction assurance in E-commerce — Practices for developing terms of use for business-to-consumer (B2C) E-commerce platforms". This standard covers: This document provides practices for developing terms of use for business-to-consumer (B2C) E-commerce platforms, including specific principles, key elements and developing processes. This document is applicable to all parties involved in B2C E-commerce transactions and the development process of terms of use.
This document provides practices for developing terms of use for business-to-consumer (B2C) E-commerce platforms, including specific principles, key elements and developing processes. This document is applicable to all parties involved in B2C E-commerce transactions and the development process of terms of use.
ISO/TR 32121:2026 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 35.240.63 - IT applications in trade. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ISO/TR 32121:2026 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
Technical
Report
ISO/TR 32121
First edition
Transaction assurance in
2026-02
E-commerce — Practices for
developing terms of use for
business-to-consumer (B2C)
E-commerce platforms
Assurance des transactions de commerce électronique —
Pratiques pour l'élaboration des conditions générales
d'utilisation des plateformes de commerce électronique entre
entreprises et consommateurs (B2C)
Reference number
© ISO 2026
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Methodology and overview of practices . 1
4.1 Methodology .1
4.2 Criteria for platform selection .1
4.3 Overview of selected practices .2
5 Specific principles . 3
5.1 Transparency .3
5.1.1 General .3
5.1.2 Case studies .3
5.2 Intellectual property protection .6
5.2.1 General .6
5.2.2 Case studies .6
5.3 Multi-party participation .7
5.3.1 General .7
5.3.2 Case studies .7
5.4 Continual improvement .8
5.4.1 General .8
5.4.2 Case studies .8
6 Classification of TOU . 8
6.1 General .8
6.2 Case studies .9
7 Key elements .13
7.1 General rules . 13
7.1.1 General . 13
7.1.2 Case studies . 13
7.2 Entry rules .14
7.2.1 General .14
7.2.2 Case studies .14
7.3 Service guarantee rules . 15
7.3.1 General . 15
7.3.2 Case studies . 15
7.4 Rights protection rules .17
7.4.1 General .17
7.4.2 Case studies .17
7.5 Other special rules .18
7.5.1 Transaction logistics rules .18
7.5.2 Marketing-related rules .18
7.5.3 Case studies .18
8 Key aspects of developing the TOU .21
8.1 General .21
8.2 Case studies .21
Bibliography .23
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 321, Transaction assurance in E-commerce.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
Introduction
In the current E-commerce landscape, business-to-consumer (B2C) platforms are encouraged to establish
trust and security throughout the transaction process to foster consumer confidence and loyalty. One key
element of this is the effective development and implementation of terms of use (TOU), which directly affect
the entire transaction life-cycle. However, many B2C E-commerce platforms currently face challenges such
as lack of transparency, consistency and comprehensive protection of both consumers and sellers.
ISO/TC 321's cornerstone International Standard, ISO 32111, identifies TOU as one of the critical assurance
elements for ensuring secure and transparent E-commerce transactions. This document serves as an
important complement to ISO 32111, forming part of the broader system for transaction assurance in
E-commerce.
The purpose of this document is to support all stakeholders to develop and implement TOU through case
studies of highly acclaimed B2C E-commerce platforms. This document supports stakeholders in aligning
TOU development with ISO/TC 321’s transaction assurance framework. By doing so, it aims to address
existing gaps in current practices and to provide a more comprehensive structure for TOU, ultimately
fostering greater fairness, trust and consistency in global B2C E-commerce platforms.
v
Technical Report ISO/TR 32121:2026(en)
Transaction assurance in E-commerce — Practices for
developing terms of use for business-to-consumer (B2C)
E-commerce platforms
1 Scope
This document provides practices for developing terms of use for business-to-consumer (B2C) E-commerce
platforms, including specific principles, key elements and developing processes.
This document is applicable to all parties involved in B2C E-commerce transactions and the development
process of terms of use.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 32110, Transaction assurance in E-commerce — Vocabulary
ISO 32111, Transaction assurance in E-commerce — Principles and framework
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 32110 and ISO 32111 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
4 Methodology and overview of practices
4.1 Methodology
This document outlines practices for the development and implementation of TOU based on 13 B2C
E-commerce platforms. The selection criteria for the practices are based on monthly traffic estimates, which
[1]
reflect the popularity and reach of B2C E-commerce platforms, as outlined in , which provides reliable and
up-to-date information that has been thoroughly fact-checked.
4.2 Criteria for platform selection
To ensure the practices reflect representativeness and applicability, the selection process involved multiple
dimensions identified as critical factors:
— Traffic volume: Initial screening based on marketplaces with monthly visits exceeding one million;
— Product categories: Focus on platforms that offer a broad range of general consumer goods, notably
Fashion, Houseware, Books, Electronics, Arts, Crafts and Gifts;
— Global market: Prioritization of platforms well-established in diverse regions and countries to reflect
global market distribution with solving jurisdictional issues under various legal systems.
4.3 Overview of selected practices
Overview of selected B2C E-commerce platforms and their TOU details are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 — Overview of B2C E-commerce platforms and TOU details
Platform Product category Overview Platform role
The Platform A is one of the world's largest E-commerce
platforms, offering a vast selection of products, from
books and electronics to clothing and household items. Direct seller and
A General
Users agree to a comprehensive Conditions of Use that Intermediary
outlines terms for usage, privacy, and intellectual prop-
erty.
The Platform B is a multinational E-commerce corpora-
tion that facilitates consumer-to-consumer (C2C) and
B General Intermediary
business-to-consumer (B2C) sales. Its user Agreement
details the policies for both buying and selling.
The Platform C is a prominent player in the retail sector,
particularly in the United States. The Platform C's Terms
Direct seller & Inter-
C General and Conditions outline the general conditions governing
mediary
the use of its Platform, covering aspects like account cre-
ation, user transactions, and specific services.
The Platform D is a dominant B2C E-commerce platform
in Southeast Asia, known for its wide product selection.
D General Its Terms of Service outline user obligations, prohibited Intermediary
conduct, and the Platform's rights regarding transac-
tions.
The Platform E is a global retail service marketplace,
focusing on connecting buyers with Chinese sellers. It has
E General Intermediary
a detailed TOU regarding transactions and intellectual
property.
The Platform F is a marketplace for handmade, vintage,
and craft items. Its TOU include specific guidelines for
F Arts, Crafts & Gifts account creation, user responsibilities, transaction, Intermediary
intellectual property rights, and dispute resolution pro-
cedures.
The Platform G operates a significant online retail
platform in addition to its brick-and-mortar stores. Its Direct seller and
G General
TOU cover online shopping, including policies on pricing, Intermediary
order, and returns.
The Platform H is a Chinese online shopping website
known for its wide range of products. It operates under a
Direct seller and
H General Service Agreement that mainly includes rules for account
Intermediary
registration, user conduct, privacy policy, and dispute
resolution.
The Platform I is a Chinese E-commerce platform
known for its group-buying feature, Fully-Managed and Direct seller and
I General
Semi-Managed model. Its TOU mainly outline the condi- Intermediary
tions for user requirements and registration, privacy.
The Platform J is a Southeast Asian E-commerce platform
offering a wide variety of products. It has Terms and Con-
J General Intermediary
ditions that mainly details the provisions for general use
of services, digital payment and privacy.
TTabablele 1 1 ((ccoonnttiinnueuedd))
Platform Product category Overview Platform role
The Platform K is a leading online marketplace in Poland,
offering various products and services. Users agree to
K General Terms and Conditions that cover general provisions, par- Intermediary
ticipation conditions, transaction processes, user obliga-
tions, fees, privacy, amendments, and dispute resolution.
The Platform L is one of India's largest E-commerce
platforms, known for its wide range of products. Its TOU Direct seller and
L General
mainly include guidelines for online transactions, cus- Intermediary
tomer and seller protection.
The Platform M is a major German E-commerce market-
place specializing in fashion, home goods, and electron-
ics. Its Terms and Conditions feature consumer-friendly
M General Intermediary
provisions, including a 14-day right of withdrawal, clear
return policies, and prompt refunds, ensuring a secure
and transparent shopping experience.
5 Specific principles
5.1 Transparency
5.1.1 General
Transparency refers to the clarity and simplicity of the TOU for B2C E-commerce platforms. To this end,
the TOU can be written in clear and comprehensible language, and structured in a way that allows users
to quickly grasp the information. Transparency ensures that users clearly understand the terms of use of
an E-commerce platform, which builds trust and reduces the likelihood of disputes. This enables users to
navigate the Platform confidently, improving transaction reliability and safety. Key features include:
— key terms and their meanings clearly defined at the beginning or presented in schedule;
— the TOU structure presented with a clear Table of Contents for categorized indexing;
— important content emphasized using either uppercase letters or bolded font, or both, when necessary.
5.1.2 Case studies
Platform B, J, and K give the practice on transparency (see Table 2).
Table 2 — Practices of B2C E-commerce platforms regarding the principle of transparency
Platform Detailed features Example
PLEASE READ THIS SECTION CAREFULLY. IT AFFECTS YOUR RIGHTS AND
WILL HAVE A SUBSTANTIAL IMPACT ON HOW CLAIMS YOU AND Platform
B HAVE AGAINST EACH OTHER ARE RESOLVED.
In this Legal Disputes section, the term "related third parties" includes
your and the Platform B's respective affiliates, subsidiaries, parent compa-
nies, predecessors, successors, assigns, as well as your, Platform B's, and
Content emphasized in
these entities' respective employees and agents.
B uppercase letters or bold-
ed font, or both
You and the Platform B each agree that any and all claims or disputes at
law or equity that has arisen, or may arise, between you and the Platform
B (or any related third parties) that relate in any way to or arise out of this
or previous versions of this User Agreement, your use of or access to the
Services, the actions of the Platform B or its agents, or any products or
services sold, offered, or purchased through the Services, will be resolved
in accordance with the provisions set forth in this Legal Disputes section.
Definitions & Interpretation
Unless otherwise defined, the definitions and provisions in respect of in-
terpretation set out in Schedule 1 will apply to these Terms of Use.
Schedule 1
1. Definitions. Unless the context otherwise requires, the following expres-
sions shall have the following meanings in these Terms of Use:
1.1 “Business Day” means a day (excluding Saturdays and Sundays) on
which banks generally are open for business in Philippines.
1.2 “Customer” means an authorized user of the Platform and/or the Ser-
vices.
1.3 “Customer Contract” shall be as defined in Clause 2.6.
1.4 “Intellectual Property” means all copyright, patents, utility innova-
tions, trademarks and service marks, geographical indications, domain
names, layout design rights, registered designs, design rights, database
Key terms outlined
rights, trade or business names, rights protecting trade secrets and con-
J upfront of TOU or in
fidential information, rights protecting goodwill and reputation, and all
schedule
other similar or corresponding proprietary rights and all applications for
the same, whether presently existing or created in the future, anywhere
in the world, whether registered or not, and all benefits, privileges, rights
to sue, recover damages and obtain relief or other remedies for any past,
current or future infringement, misappropriation or violation of any of the
foregoing rights.
1.5 “the Platform J Indemnities” means the Platform J, its affiliates and all
of its respective officers, employees, directors, agents, contractors and
assigns.
1.6 “the Platform J” refers to Platform J E-Services Philippines, Inc., a com-
pany incorporated pursuant to the laws of Philippines under registration
number CS2012*****and having its registered address at ******, Philip-
pines.
1.7 “Listing Price” means the price of Products listed for sale to Customers,
as stated on the Platform.
TTabablele 2 2 ((ccoonnttiinnueuedd))
Platform Detailed features Example
Please note that Section 11 of the Terms below contains a binding arbitra-
tion agreement and class action waiver for users in North and South Amer-
ica. By agreeing to the Terms, you and the Platform F agree to submit any
disputes between us exclusively to individual arbitration and not to sue in
court, except in the limited circumstances described below.
a) Accepting These Terms
b) Those Other Documents We Mentioned
c) Your Privacy
d) Your Account with the Platform F
e) Your Content
f) Your Use of Our Services
Structure of TOU with
g) Termination
F
clear contents index
h) Warranties and Limitation of Liability (or the Things You Can’t Sue Us
For)
i) Indemnification (and What Happens If You Get Us Sued)
j) Disputes with Other Users
k) Arbitration and Dispute Resolution Agreement (North and South
America)
l) Dispute Resolution (Rest of World)
m) Changes to the Terms
n) Some Finer Legal Points
o) Contact Information
TTabablele 2 2 ((ccoonnttiinnueuedd))
Platform Detailed features Example
Table of Contents
I. GENERAL PROVISIONS
Section 1. DEFINITIONS
Section 2. TERMS & CONDITIONS OF PARTICIPATION IN the Platform K
Section 2a. the Platform K BUSINESS
Section 2b. THE FAMILY GROUP FUNCTIONALITY
II. DETAILED PROVISIONS
Section 3. OFFERS
Section 4. FORBIDDEN GOODS
Section 5. COMMENCING A TRANSACTION
Section 6. COURSE OF TRANSACTION
Section 7. AGREEMENT CONCLUDED AS PART OF THE OFFER
Section 8. ROLE OF the Platform K
Section 9. FEES AND SALES COMMISSIONS, SECURITY OF THE COMPANY'S
CLAIMS
Structure of TOU with
K Section 10. OTHER OBLIGATIONS OF USERS
clear contents index
Section 11. RATING SYSTEM
III. FINAL PROVISIONS
Section 12. OTHER SERVICES
Section 13. PRIVACY AND CONFIDENTIALITY
Section 14. AMENDMENTS TO THE Platform K TERMS & CONDITIONS
Section 15. TERMINATION OF THE AGREEMENT WITH THE COMPANY
Section 16. CONTACT DETAILS AND COMPLAINTS PROCEDURE
Section 17. GOVERNING LAW AND DISPUTES
Section 18. APPENDIXES
Section 19. VALIDITY
Section 20. LANGUAGE VERSIONS OF THE Platform K TERMS & CONDI-
TIONS
Section 21. INTERNAL COMPLAINT-HANDLING SYSTEM
Section 22. EXPLOSIVES PRECURSORS
Section 23. RECOMMENDATION SYSTEM
5.2 Intellectual property protection
5.2.1 General
Intellectual property protection refers to safeguarding and respecting intellectual property rights. The
terms related to intellectual property protection reflect the B2C E-commerce platform's role in safeguarding
and managing intellectual property. It also ensures that the platform operators and service providers within
the platform properly handle and utilize intellectual property, while promoting respect and understanding
of intellectual property among users and the general public.
5.2.2 Case studies
The Platform A, E, and G give the practice on intellectual property protection (see Table 3).
Table 3 — Practices of B2C E-commerce platforms regarding the principle of intellectual property
protection
Platform Example
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY COMPLAINTS The Platform A respects the intellectual property of others.
If you believe that your intellectual property rights are being infringed, please follow our Notice and
Procedure for Making Claims of Copyright Infringement.
A
NOTICE AND PROCEDURE FOR MAKING CLAIMS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INFRINGEMENT If
you believe that your intellectual property rights have been infringed, please submit your complaint
using our online form. This form may be used to report all types of intellectual property claims includ-
ing, but not limited to, copyright, trademark, and patent claims.
Intellectual Property Rights
The Platform E.com is the sole owner or lawful licensee of all the rights and interests in the Sites and
the Site Content. The Sites and Site Content embody trade secrets and other intellectual property
E
rights protected under worldwide copyright and other laws. All title, ownership and intellectual prop-
erty rights in the Sites and Site Content shall remain with Platform E.com, our affiliates or licensors,
as the case may be. All rights not otherwise claimed under the Terms or by the Platform E.com are
hereby reserved.
Intellectual Property
The Platform G Sites and all Materials, and all copyrights, trademarks, trade dress, and other intel-
lectual property rights therein (collectively, the “IP”) are owned or controlled by or licensed to the
G
Platform G, and are protected by U.S. and international trademark, copyright, and other intellectual
property laws. Materials are licensed (not sold) to end users. Subject to your compliance with these
Terms of Use, and solely for so long as you are permitted by the Platform G to use the Platform G Sites.
5.3 Multi-party participation
5.3.1 General
Multi-party participation refers to the involvement of multiple stakeholders, such as business, user, third-
party payment service provider, collection agent for goods and logistic service provider in B2C E-commerce
transaction. By engaging these diverse parties, the Platforms can address issues more comprehensively,
leading to better overall user experiences and more efficient problem-solving.
NOTE For further types and descriptions on participants of E-commerce transaction, see ISO 32110.
5.3.2 Case studies
The Platform C and L give the practice on multi-party participation (see Table 4).
Table 4 — Practices of B2C E-commerce platforms regarding the principle of multi-party
participation
Platform Example
All content included on the Site such as text, graphics, logos, images, audio clips, video, data, music,
software, application updates, and other material (collectively "Content") is owned or licensed
property of the Platform C or its suppliers or licensors, including Platform C Plus Partners (as defined
C herein), and is protected by copyright, trademark, patent or other proprietary rights. The collection,
arrangement and assembly of all Content on the Site is the exclusive property of Platform C Brands,
Inc. and protected by U.S. and international copyright laws. Platform C and its suppliers and licensors,
including the Platform C Plus Partners, expressly reserve all intellectual property rights in all Content.
Payment Facility for Buyers
You, as a Buyer, understand that the Payment Facility may not be available in full or in part for certain
category of products and/or services and/or Transactions as mentioned in the Policies and hence You
may not be entitled to a refund in respect of the Transactions for those products and /or services.
L
... ...
For electronics payments, refund shall be made through payment facility using N*** / R*** or any
other online banking / electronic funds transfer system approved by R****** **** ***** (R**).
5.4 Continual improvement
5.4.1 General
Continual improvement refers to regular updates on the platform and the TOU, with reasonable efforts made
to notify users of any changes. Regular updates and continuous improvements keep users informed of the
latest terms and practices, which strengthens the platform’s security and adaptability. This helps maintain
a safe and trustworthy environment for transactions. Mechanisms such as in-platform feedback forms,
customer service interaction analysis, user surveys, and comment or review mining can be integrated to
collect user input and support the continual improvement of the TOU.
5.4.2 Case studies
The Platform A-L give the practice on continual improvement (see Table 5).
Table 5 — Practices of B2C E-commerce platforms regarding the principle of continual improvement
Platform Example
Regular updates of TOU version
Last updated: September 14, 2022
This User Agreement is effective upon acceptance for new users, and from July 26, 2024 for existing
users.
Updated: August 14, 2024
Last Updated: 1 August 2024
New version - updated on June 27, 2024 and effective as of July 12, 2024
A-K
Last updated on Sep 19, 2024
Last Updated May 15, 2024
Updated: December 31, 2022
Last updated: June 6, 2024
Last Updated: July 30, 2024
Valid from September 19, 2024
Customer service support line
At the Platform L we are committed towards ensuring that disputes between sellers and buyers are
settled amicably by way of the above dispute resolution mechanisms and procedures. However, in the
L
event that a buyer wishes to contact the seller, he/ she may proceed to do so by accessing the seller
related information made available by the sellers on their product listing pages. Alternatively, the
buyers may also reach out to customer support at 044-******** or access help center at https:// www
.the Platform L .com/ helpcentre.
6 Classification of TOU
6.1 General
To identify the essential components of TOU with full coverage of the E-commerce transaction life cycle,
the Pre-, In-, and Post-transaction phases, as defined in the activities during the transaction process of
ISO 32111, are taken into account (see Table 6).
NOTE The relevance of each TOU classification can differ depending on the platform role. Direct seller platforms
tend to focus on transaction terms, consumer rights protection, and dispute resolution, while intermediary platforms
emphasize account management, platform governance, and operator compliance.
Table 6 — Classification of TOU in alignment with the Pre-, In-, and Post-transaction phases
Classification Pre-transaction In-transaction Post-transaction Note
Account management and Related to user registra-
platform governance meas- √ tion, account control and
ures rule-setting.
Compliance commitments Commitments span all
from operators and integri- √ √ √ phases: access, operation
ty commitments from users and post-transaction.
Covers core activities such
Transaction terms √ as ordering, payment,
delivery.
Address pricing, exclusive
Anti-unfair competition and
√ √ agreements and fair compe-
anti-monopoly terms
tition.
Involves warranty, returns,
Consumer rights protection √ √
after-sales support.
Includes complaints, medi-
Dispute resolution mecha-
√ ation, arbitration and legal
nisms
processes.
6.2 Case studies
The Platform B, E, F, H, I, J, K and L show the classification of terms (see Table 7).
Table 7 — Practices of B2C E-commerce platforms regarding the classification of TOU
Platform Category Example
User Requirements and Registration
To use the Services, you represent that you are at least eighteen (18) years
old and of legal age to form a binding contract. Minors under 18 and at least
13 years of age are only permitted to use our Services through an Account
owned by a parent or legal guardian with their appropriate permission and
under their direct supervision. Children under 13 years are not permitted
to use the Platform I or the Services. Products for children’s use may be
sold on the Platform I. However, these products are intended for sale to
adults. Certain products may be intended for individuals of certain ages or
“mature audiences” only. By ordering such products, you certify that you
are old enough to view, use, own, or receive them. We are not responsible
for third-party content that you may find offensive, indecent, or objection-
able.
You may not use the Services if: (a) you cannot enter into a binding con-
tract with us; (b) you are located in a country embargoed by your country
of residence or other relevant country; (c) you are on any agency list of
prohibited persons or entities, such as the U.S. Treasury Department's list
Account and Platform
I
of Specially Designated Nationals; or (d) you are banned from using the
Governance
Services by us, in our sole discretion.
To access or use some of our Services, you may be required to create an
account with us. When creating your account on the Platform I (“Account”),
you agree to provide true, accurate, complete, and updated information
about yourself, including contact details. You are responsible for keeping
your registration information with us up to date. You are responsible for all
activities that occur under your Account. You agree that you shall monitor
your Account to restrict use by minors, and you will accept full responsibil-
ity for any unauthorized use of the Services by minors. You may not select
as your user name a name that you don't have the right to use, or another
person's name with the intent to impersonate that person. You may not
transfer your Account to anyone else without our prior written permission.
You agree not to create an Account or use the Services if you have been per-
manently banned from any of the Services. You may not share your Account
or password with anyone, and you agree to notify us immediately of any
unauthorized use of your password or any other breach of security and to
exit from your Account at the end of each session.
Account Registration and Use
User Eligibility
You confirm that before you begin the registration process to use the
Platform H services, you should have the capacity for civil conduct corre-
sponding to your conduct as prescribed by the laws of the People's Republic
of China. If you do not have the aforesaid capacity for civil conduct that is
compatible with your behavior, you and your guardian shall bear all the
Account and Platform
H
consequences arising therefrom in accordance with the law.
Governance
In addition, you also need to ensure that you are not the subject of trade
restrictions, economic sanctions or other laws and regulations imposed by
any country, region or international organization, nor have you directly or
indirectly provided funds, goods or services to the aforesaid objects, other-
wise you should stop using the Platform H Services, and at the same time,
you understand that violating the above requirements may cause you to be
unable to register and use the Platform H Services normally.
TTabablele 7 7 ((ccoonnttiinnueuedd))
Platform Category Example
Protection against Unauthorized Transactions
The Platform J will provide you with compensation for Unauthorized
Transactions (defined below), provided that you comply with the proce-
dures set out within the Policy.
An "Unauthorized Transaction" occurs when, because of a fraudulent take-
over of the Platform J Account:
— a transaction is made from the value stored within your Platform J
Wallet that you did not authorize and that did not benefit you;
— a transaction or Top Up to the Platform J wallet is made from a credit or
J Transaction
debit card saved in your Platform J Account that you did not authorise
and that did not benefit you; or
— a transaction or Top Up to the Platform J wallet is made from the Direct
Link account, that you did not authorise and that did not benefit you.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, you have an obligation to ensure the safety
and security of your Platform J Account. If you authorize someone to access
your Wallet by providing them with your login information or otherwise,
and they conduct transactions without your knowledge or permission, you
shall be responsible for all consequences arising from such use.
Each Member further represents, warrants and agrees that the User
Content that you submit, post or display shall:
Not violate any applicable laws and regulations (including, without limita-
E
tion, those governing export control, consumer protection, unfair compe-
tition, price gouging or false advertising) or promote any activities which
may violate any applicable laws and regulations.
Consumer rights
If you are an individual consumer, you may be entitled to invoke the
mandatory consumer protection laws of your country of residence, and/
or to bring legal proceedings in the courts of that country. If the Platform
F F needs to enforce its rights against you as an individual consumer, we
will do so only in your country of residence. The application of the United
Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG)
is excluded.
Each Member represents, warrants and agrees that:
You and your affiliates shall comply with applicable laws and regulations
in conducting your respective business (including without limitation
applicable laws and regulations with respect to product safety, intellectual
E
property rights, data privacy, consumer protection, product or regulatory
Anti-unfair competition
certification, import and export control, unfair competition, price gouging,
and monopoly
false advertising, labor, environment, health and safety, anti-bribery and
anti-money laundering).
A review of the Goods may not violate applicable provisions of law, in-
K cluding third-party rights; in particular, it may not be defamatory, violate
personal rights, or constitute an act of unfair competition.
TTabablele 7 7 ((ccoonnttiinnueuedd))
Platform Category Example
Compliance with Laws
As required by applicable law, if the Customer makes a purchase of an
amount equal to or above INR 2, 00, 000.00/- the Customer will be required
to upload a scanned copy of his/her PAN card on the Platform, within 4
days of making the purchase, failing which, the purchase made by the
Customer will be cancelled. The requirement to submit the PAN card arises
only once and if it has been submitted already by the Customer, it need
not be submitted again. The order of the Customer shall stand cancelled if
there is a discrepancy between the name of the Customer and the name on
the PAN Card.
L
Buyer and Seller shall comply with all the applicable laws (including with-
out limitation Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 and the rules made
Compliance and integrity
and notifications issued there under and the Exchange Control Manual as
commitments
may be issued by Reserve Bank of India from time to time, Customs Act,
Information and Technology Act, 2000 as amended by the Information
Technology (Amendment) Act 2008, Prevention of Money Laundering Act,
2002 and the rules made there under, Foreign Contribution Regulation Act,
1976 and the rules made there under, Income Tax Act, 1961 and the rules
made there under, Export Import Policy of government of India) applicable
to them respectively for using Payment Facility and the Platform L.
We do not endorse User Submissions, and they do not represent our views.
We expressly disclaim any liability for Use
...




Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.
Loading comments...