ISO 17842-1:2023

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 17842-1
Second edition
2023-09
Safety of amusement rides and
amusement devices —
Part 1:
Design and manufacture
Sécurité des manèges et des dispositifs de divertissement —
Partie 1: Conception et fabrication
Reference number
© ISO 2023
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ii
Contents Page
Foreword . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 4
4 Requirements for design analysis and examination . 9
4.1 Design documents . 9
4.1.1 General . 9
4.1.2 Design risk assessment. 9
4.1.3 Description of design and operation of an amusement device. 9
4.1.4 Design and manufacturing drawings . 9
4.1.5 Principles of analysis . 10
4.2 Selection of materials . 11
4.2.1 General . 11
4.2.2 Recommended steels . 11
4.2.3 Aluminium alloys . 11
4.2.4 Timber . 11
4.2.5 Plastic composites .12
4.2.6 Concrete .12
4.2.7 Fasteners for structural components .12
4.2.8 Standards relating to ropes, chains, safety devices, connectors and adapters .12
4.3 Design loads . 13
4.3.1 General .13
4.3.2 Permanent actions .13
4.3.3 Variable actions . 14
4.3.4 Seismic forces . 18
4.3.5 Applicable coefficients . 18
4.3.6 Load combinations . 19
4.3.7 Fatigue combinations . 20
4.4 Structural analysis — Principles . 20
4.4.1 General .20
4.4.2 Analysis principles for various types of devices . . 21
4.4.3 Other railways with track-bound vehicles . 26
4.4.4 Conventional railways .26
4.4.5 Suspended railways (or coasters) . 26
4.5 Verification of stability . . 27
4.5.1 General . 27
4.5.2 Overturning . 27
4.5.3 Sliding. 27
4.5.4 Lifting .28
4.6 Ground anchorages .29
4.6.1 General .29
4.6.2 Design load bearing capacity of weight anchors .29
4.6.3 Design load bearing capacity of rod anchors .29
4.6.4 Testing of anchors (numbering) . 31
4.6.5 Calculation of loads on anchors . . 31
4.6.6 Further requirements . 32
4.6.7 Ground support for packing . 32
4.7 Verification of strength .33
4.7.1 General . 33
4.7.2 Predominantly static stress .34
4.7.3 Fluctuating stress .34
4.7.4 Bolts .36
4.7.5 Ropes, chains, safety devices, connectors and adapters .38
iii
4.8 Structural design and construction.40
4.8.1 Arrangement, accessibility .40
4.8.2 Locking and safety devices for fasteners .40
4.8.3 Joints intended for regular dismantling . 41
4.8.4 Designing of components subject to fluctuating loads . 41
4.8.5 Supports . 41
4.8.6 Central masts . 41
4.8.7 Prevention of corrosion and rot . 41
5 Requirements for design and manufacture of rides and structures .42
5.1 Risk reduction by prevailing design and safety measures . 42
5.1.1 General . 42
5.1.2 Risk assessment . 42
5.1.3 Risk reduction for platforms, ramps, floors, stairs and walkways . 43
5.1.4 Risk reduction using barriers, fencing and guarding . 47
5.1.5 Guarding of machinery parts . 51
5.1.6 Risk reduction in the case of access and egress . 51
5.1.7 Risk reduction for passenger units . 53
5.1.8 Requirements for special provisions .64
5.2 Supplementary safety requirements for various types of amusement devices .65
5.2.1 Amusement rides with horizontal and/or vertical axis .65
5.2.2 Amusement rides with horizontal axis . 67
5.2.3 Rail-guided channel or track-bound devices .68
5.2.4 Dodgem/bumper cars . . 71
5.2.5 Speedways/go-karts .74
5.2.6 Mini-motorbikes for children . 75
5.2.7 Boat rides . 76
5.2.8 Flume rides .77
5.2.9 Helter skelters, slides . 78
5.2.10 Side shows, booths, win-a-prize and sales stands, mazes, halls of mirrors,
funhouses, labyrinths, hammers, ring the bell and similar .79
5.2.11 Shooting stands and trailers, shooting devices .81
5.3 Mechanical systems .83
5.3.1 Hydraulic and pneumatic devices .83
5.3.2 Lifting and elevating units being integral part of an amusement ride .84
5.4 Manufacture and supply .87
5.4.1 Manufacturer .87
5.4.2 Quality assurance — Quality plan .88
5.4.3 Manufacturing process .89
5.5 Documentation supplied with amusement device . 91
5.5.1 Manuals. 91
5.5.2 Special information . 93
5.5.3 Drawings and diagrams .93
5.6 Design documentation . 93
5.6.1 General . 93
5.6.2 Description of installation and technical specification/information .94
5.7 Amusement Device log .95
5.7.1 General .95
5.7.2 Content .95
5.8 Official technical dossier .96
5.8.1 General .96
5.8.2 Content .96
5.8.3 Identification marking .97
Annex A (normative) Electrical equipment and control systems .98
Annex B (informative) Control systems — Best practices . 109
Annex C (informative) Guidance on design of passenger containment . 111
Annex D (informative) Amusement device log for an amusement device .116
iv
Annex E (informative) List of hazards, hazardous situations and events for spectators and
passengers during the operation and use of amusement rides . 139
Annex F (informative) Guest behaviour . 143
Annex G (informative) Limited accessibility to amusement devices .147
Annex H (informative) Safety envelope for passengers . 149
Annex I (informative) Acceleration effects on passengers . 152
Bibliography . 164
v
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
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ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use
of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed
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expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 254, Safety of amusement rides and
amusement devices.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 17842-1:2015), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— the normative references have been updated;
— the terms and definitions have been revised;
— alignment with EN 13814 series from 2019;
— the general risk assessment has been supplemented by the operator-side risk assessment;
— the safety distances of passenger units have been fundamentally revised;
— the requirements for personal restraint systems have been supplemented by additional monitoring;
— new Annex I contains the acceleration effects on passengers to align with ASTM F2291-21.
A list of all parts in the ISO 17842 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
vi
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17842-1:2023(E)
Safety of amusement rides and amusement devices —
Part 1:
Design and manufacture
1 Scope
This document specifies the minimum requirements necessary to ensure the safe design, calculation,
manufacture and installation of mobile, temporary or permanently installed amusement ride
machinery and structures, which are intended for use by persons as a leisure activity. The amusement
rides and amusement devices include for example, roundabouts, swings, boats, Ferris wheels, roller
coasters, chutes, booths, side shows and structures for artistic aerial displays. They are intended to be
installed both repeatedly without degradation or loss of integrity, and temporarily or permanently in
fairgrounds and amusement parks or any other locations.
This document is not applicable to grandstands, construction site installations, scaffolding, removable
agricultural structures, simple coin operated children’s amusement devices, carrying up to three
children, and recreational devices like waterslides or summer toboggan runs, playground equipment,
rope courses, climbing wall, inflatable, trampolines, swimming pool equipment, etc.
NOTE For all the equipment not covered by the requirements of ISO 17842-1, the relevant standards apply.
Nevertheless, this document can be used in the design of any similar structural or passenger carrying
amusement device not explicitly mentioned herein.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 898-1, Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel — Part 1: Bolts, screws
and studs with specified property classes — Coarse thread and fine pitch thread
ISO 1141, Fibre ropes — Polyester — 3-, 4-, 8- and 12-strand ropes
ISO 1181, Fibre ropes — Manila and sisal — 3-, 4- and 8-strand ropes
ISO 1346, Fibre ropes — Polypropylene split film, monofilament and multifilament (PP2) and polypropylene
high-tenacity multifilament (PP3) — 3-, 4-, 8- and 12-strand ropes
ISO 2307, Fibre ropes — Determination of certain physical and mechanical properties
ISO 3834-2, Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials — Part 2: Comprehensive quality
requirements
ISO 3834-3, Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials — Part 3: Standard quality
requirements
ISO 3834-4, Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials — Part 4: Elementary quality
requirements
ISO 4014, Fasteners — Hexagon head bolts — Product grades A and B
ISO 4016, Fasteners — Hexagon head bolts — Product grade C
ISO 4017, Fasteners — Hexagon head screws — Product grades A and B
ISO 4018, Fasteners — Hexagon head screws — Product grade C
ISO 4032, Fasteners — Hexagon regular nuts (style 1)
ISO 4413, Hydraulic fluid power — General rules and safety requirements for systems and their components
ISO 4414, Pneumatic fluid power — General rules and safety requirements for systems and their components
ISO 5817, Welding — Fusion-welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys (beam welding excluded)
— Quality levels for imperfections
ISO 9554, Fibre ropes — General specifications
ISO 9606-1, Qualification testing of welders — Fusion welding — Part 1: Steels
ISO 9606-2, Qualification test of welders — Fusion welding — Part 2: Aluminium and aluminium alloys
ISO 9692-1, Welding and allied processes — Types of joint preparation — Part 1: Manual metal arc welding,
gas-shielded metal arc welding, gas welding, TIG welding and beam welding of steels
ISO 9692-2, Welding and allied processes — Joint preparation — Part 2: Submerged arc welding of steels
ISO 9692-3, Welding and allied processes — Types of joint preparation — Part 3: Metal inert gas welding
and tungsten inert gas welding of aluminium and its alloys
ISO 10042, Welding — Arc-welded joints in aluminium and its alloys — Quality levels for imperfections
ISO 10325, Fibre ropes — High modulus polyethylene — 8-strand braided ropes, 12-strand braided ropes
and covered ropes
ISO 10474:2013, Steel and steel products — Inspection documents
ISO 10547, Polyester fibre ropes — Double braid construction
ISO 10554, Polyamide fibre ropes — Double braid construction
ISO 10556, Fibre ropes of polyester/polyolefin dual fibres
ISO 10572, Mixed polyolefin fibre ropes
ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk reduction
ISO 13854:2017, Safety of machinery — Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body
ISO 13849-1, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General principles
for design
ISO 13849-2, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 2: Validation
ISO 13857, Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper and
lower limbs
ISO 14118, Safety of machinery — Prevention of unexpected start-up
ISO 14119, Safety of machinery — Interlocking devices associated with guards — Principles for design and
selection
ISO 14120, Safety of machinery — Guards — General requirements for the design and construction of fixed
and movable guards
ISO 14731, Welding coordination — Tasks and responsibilities
ISO 14732, Welding personnel — Qualification testing of welding operators and weld setters for mechanized
and automatic welding of metallic materials
ISO 17635:2016, Non-destructive testing of welds — General rules for metallic materials
ISO 17842-2:2022, Safety of amusement rides and amusement devices — Part 2: Operation and use
ISO 17842-3, Safety of amusement rides and amusement devices — Part 3: Requirements for inspection
during design, manufacture, operation and use
IEC 60204-1:2005, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 1: General requirements
IEC 60204-32, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 32: Requirements for
hoisting machines
IEC 60364-4-41, Low-voltage electrical installations — Part 4-41: Protection for safety — Protection
against electric shock
IEC 60364-5-54, Electrical Installation of buildings — Part 5-54: Selection and erection of electrical
equipment — Earthing arrangements, protective conductors and protective bonding conductors
IEC 60364-7-740, Electrical Installation of buildings — Part 7-740: Requirements for special installations
or locations — Temporary electrical installations for structures, amusement devices and booths at
fairgrounds, amusement parks and circuses
IEC 61558-1, Safety of power transformers, power supplies, reactors and similar products — Part 1: General
requirements and tests
IEC 61800-5-2, Adjustable speed electrical power drive systems — Part 5-2: Safety requirements —
Functional
IEC 62061, Safety of machinery — Functional safety of safety-related electrical, electronic and
programmable electronic control systems
IEC 62305 (all parts), Protection against lightning
EN 818 (all parts), Short link chain for lifting purposes — Safety
EN 1069-1+A1, Water slides — Part 1: Safety requirements and test methods
EN 1090-2, Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures — Part 2: Technical requirements for
steel structures
EN 1090-3, Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures — Part 3: Technical requirements for
aluminium structures
EN 1090-3:2008, Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures — Part 3: Technical requirements
for aluminium structures
EN 1261, Fibre ropes for general service — Hemp
EN 1677 (all parts), Components for slings — Safety
EN 1993-1-1, Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures — Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings
EN 1993-1-8, Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures — Part 1-8: Design of joints
EN 1993-1-9:2005, Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures — Part 1-9: Fatigue
EN 1999-1-1, Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures — Part 1-1: General structural rules
EN 12195-2, Load restraint assemblies on road vehicles — Safety — Part 2: Web lashing made from man-
made fibres
EN 12385 (all parts), Steel wire ropes — Safety
EN 13411 (all parts), Terminations for steel wire ropes — Safety
EN 13889+A1, Forged steel shackles for general lifting purposes — Dee shackles and bow shackles — Grade
6 — Safety
EN 14399 (all parts), High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading
EN 50172, Emergency escape lighting systems
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
amusement device
arrangement of equipment that produces the desired effect of amusement or entertainment when the
patron (3.26) moves through it or on it primarily by his or her own action, or any other system that is
not covered by the term amusement ride (3.2)
Note 1 to entry: In this document, the term “amusement device” is used to refer to an amusement device or
amusement ride (3.2).
3.2
amusement ride
device that is designed to entertain the passengers (3.26) during motion including the consequence of
biomechanical effect
Note 1 to entry: In this document, the term “amusement device” is used to refer to an amusement device (3.1) or
amusement ride.
Note 2 to entry: See ISO/TS 17929 for the definition of biomechanical effect.
3.3
attendant
competent person (3.6) appointed to work under the supervision of an operator (3.25), to assist in the
operation of a device available for use by the public
3.4
barrier
device intended to prevent the user from falling and from passing beneath a barrier
Note 1 to entry: A barrier can also be used as a fence.
3.5
closed restraint
restraint in a position in which the restraint (3.35) is intended to remain during the operation of the
amusement device in order to restrain the passenger (3.26)
3.6
competent person
person who can demonstrate the knowledge and skills acquired through training, qualifications or
experience, or a combination of all, enabling that person to perform a specified task
3.7
controller
person or organisation having overall control of an amusement device (3.1)
Note 1 to entry: This may be either an individual or corporate body owning an amusement device (3.1) or the
concessionaire or lessee who has been granted control of the amusement device, by the owner, for a specified
period.
3.8
design review
document detailing the review of all the applicable design documents to determine the suitability for
use of an amusement device (3.1)
3.9
design risk assessment
DRA
document produced by the designer (3.10) as a tool to ensure a safe design within the agreed scope of
supply
3.10
designer
engineer
person or body responsible for the design of an amusement device (3.1) (or modifications thereof),
including, but not limited to, establishing and describing the configuration of the amusement ride
(3.2) or amusement device (3.1), conducting appropriate risk assessment(s), establishing strength
(including fatigue strength), designing and specifying electrical/electronic control systems, defining
the acceptable quality level for production, defining inspection criteria and including the provision of
the necessary documentation
3.11
amusement device log
book and/or electronic data file containing all the necessary information about the use and history of
any amusement device (3.1)
3.12
fail safe
characteristic of a system, component or device the failure of which maintains a safe state
3.13
fence
structure designed to restrict or prevent movement across a boundary without change of elevation
3.14
gate
section of fence (3.13) or barrier (3.4) that can be opened to provide access or egress
3.15
guardrail
rail intended to prevent a user from falling
3.16
guest
person who interacts with an amusement device (3.1)
3.17
handrail
rail intended to assist the user to balance
3.18
initial approval
design and calculation review process, including verification, examinations and tests executed by the
inspecting body before an amusement ride (3.2) is first made available for public use
3.19
latching restraint
restraint (3.35) which is held secure against opening except by intentional action of the passenger (3.26)
or the operator (3.25)
Note 1 to entry: This can include restraints (3.35) (e.g. drop bars) held in place by gravity, detents or other means.
3.20
locking restraint
restraint (3.35) which is held secure against opening except by intentional action of the operator (3.25)
or other means not accessible by the passenger (3.26)
3.21
machinery component
component which forms part of an assembly in which at least one component moves (excluding vibration
and deformation)
3.22
major modification
safety-related alteration to the hardware or software of an amusement device (3.1), including the
introduction of a new safety-related component (3.39) or the substitution of a safety-related component
(3.39), which results in a deviation from the current design specification
3.23
manufacturer
individual or commercial entity responsible for a product with the view to placing it on the market
under his/her own name
Note 1 to entry: Any commercial operator that either places a product on the market under his/her own name or
trademark or modifies a product in such a way that conformity with applicable requirements is affected, should
be considered as the manufacturer and should assume the obligations of the manufacturer.
3.24
operation and use risk assessment
OURA
document produced by the controller (3.7) that details all of the considered risks inherent during all
modes of amusement device (3.1) operation and the means taken to mitigate against them
Note 1 to entry: This term is explained in detail in 5.1.2.2.
3.25
operator
competent person appointed by the controller (3.7) to be in charge of the operation of an amusement
device (3.1) when it is available to the public
3.26
passenger
patron
person using an amusement device (3.1)
3.27
passenger containment
components (e.g. seating, foot wells, handrails, passenger restraints) designed to prevent passengers
(3.26) from moving outside a predetermined area on a ride either as a result of biomechanical effects,
the ride forces or the reasonably foreseeable behaviour of the passenger (3.26)
3.28
passenger reach envelope
reach envelope
physical space around a passenger (3.26) during a ride cycle while properly positioned, as defined by
the ride analysis, in the amusement ride (3.2) or amusement device (3.1) and limited only by the vehicle,
seat geometry and restraint system
3.29
passenger unit
PU
part or parts of an amusement ride (3.2) in or on which the passengers (3.26) are intended to ride
3.30
permit
authorization to operate an amusement device (3.1) in a particular state granted by the legally
authorized body after successful approval and/or examination
3.31
platform
horizontal or slightly inclined surface raised above the level of an adjacent area
3.32
reasonably foreseeable misuse
use of an amusement device (3.1) in a way not intended by the designer (3.10), but which can result from
readily predictable human behaviour
Note 1 to entry: Annex F gives a non-exhaustive list of guest behaviour.
[SOURCE: ISO 12100:2010, 3.24, modified — "machine" has been replaced with "amusement device",
Note 1 to entry has been added.]
3.33
redundancy
application of more than one device or system, or part of a device or system, with the objective of
ensuring that in the event of one failing to perform its function, another will perform that function
3.34
repair
restoration of components or assemblies to a technically acceptable condition
Note 1 to entry: See also ISO 17842-2:2022, 4.3.8.3.
3.35
restraint
system, device, or characteristic that is intended to inhibit or restrict the body movement and/
or maintain the body position to allow the passenger (3.26) to tolerate accelerations while on the
amusement ride (3.2) or amusement device (3.1)
3.36
safe stop
stop of an amusement ride (3.2) in a safe way and in a final safe stable position
3.37
safety envelope
clearance envelope
area in which passengers (3.26) are prevented from being injured while moving in an amusement ride
(3.2) or amusement device (3.1)
Note 1 to entry: This is the passenger reach envelope (3.28) plus a suitable margin as defined in Annex H.
3.38
safety-related control system
SRCS
assembly of components that can be electronic, electric, electro-mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic or
mechanical combined to monitor and control a device so as to reduce risks to guests (3.15)
3.39
safety-related component
component of an amusement device (3.1) on which the safety of the passengers (3.26) is dependent as
identified in the design risk assessment (3.9) and/or the operation and use risk assessment (3.24)
3.40
service
replacement or replenishment and check of conditions of components, including fluids which are
designated to be replaced or replenished and/or checked at specified intervals
3.41
sideshow
booth or similar enclosed structure containing shows, activities or games for the entertainment of the
public, where the guest (3.15) is not transported in any way by the structure
3.42
spectator
person in the vicinity of an amusement device (3.1), either watching the operation of the amusement
device (3.1) or waiting to access to the use the amusement device (3.1)
3.43
structural component
calculated load bearing part which has not been classified as machinery components (3.21) by the
designer (3.10)
3.44
sustained acceleration
acceleration with duration greater than or equal to 200 ms
Note 1 to entry: See Annex I.
3.45
temporarily installed amusement device
amusement device (3.1) designed to be installed and uninstalled and whose installation period does not
exceed more than three months
3.46
thorough examination
procedures and investigations necessary for the inspection body to decide whether the amusement
device (3.1) can continue to be operated safely or whether it requires defects to be remedied immediately
or within a specified time
3.47
trial run
proving run of an amusement device (3.1) during which no passengers (3.26) are carried
4 Requirements for design analysis and examination
4.1 Design documents
4.1.1 General
The construction documents include all the documents required for the assessment of the stability and
operational safety of the device, including the Design Risk assessment (DRA). They shall be available
for any subsequent approval by the inspection bodies. These documents shall encompass all the design
conditions pertaining to the operation of the amusement devices or structures. A description of the
construction, operation and operational safety, design drawings and a comprehensive stress, fatigue
and stability analysis as specified in 5.1.4 are required for this purpose.
4.1.2 Design risk assessment
See 5.1.2.1.
4.1.3 Description of design and operation of an amusement device
The amusement device, in particular its design, modes of operation and its structure shall be explained
in this description. Adequate details of mechanical (hydraulic, pneumatic), electrical and electronic
equipment, including the control system shall be listed. The description shall include details of the
particular features of the device and of any alternative modes of installatio
...