ISO/TS 14907-1:2015

TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 14907-1
Third edition
2015-09-01
Electronic fee collection — Test
procedures for user and fixed
equipment —
Part 1:
Description of test procedures
Perception du télépéage — Modes opératoires relatifs aux
équipements embarqués et aux équipements fixes —
Partie 1: Description des modes opératoires
Reference number
©
ISO 2015
© ISO 2015, Published in Switzerland
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ii © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 3
3 Terms and definitions . 3
4 Abbreviated terms . 6
5 Test parameters and test procedures for EFC . 7
5.1 Tests overview . 7
5.1.1 General. 7
5.1.2 Functionality tests . 7
5.1.3 Quality tests . 8
5.1.4 Referenced pre-tests . 8
5.2 Parameter overview . 8
5.3 Test plan .15
5.4 Required documentation .15
6 Inspection and tests .16
6.1 Functionality tests .16
6.1.1 Communication .16
6.1.2 EFC application .16
6.1.3 Traffic conditions . .21
6.1.4 Vehicle characteristics.22
6.1.5 Environmental influences .24
6.2 Quality tests .25
6.2.1 Quality management .25
6.2.2 Reliability and availability .26
6.3 Referenced pre-tests .26
6.3.1 DSRC .26
6.3.2 Environment .27
6.3.3 EMC.27
7 Evaluation and certification .27
7.1 Evaluation .27
7.2 Certification .27
Annex A (informative) How to use this Technical Specification .29
Annex B (informative) Traffic, vehicle, and other performance tests .31
Annex C (informative) Reliability/availability tests .52
Annex D (informative) Classes of equipment .58
Annex E (informative) Examples for statistical calculations .60
Annex F (informative) Examples of referenced pre-tests based on European test procedures .64
Annex G (informative) Test methods and tools .69
Annex H (informative) Examples of EFC scenarios .77
Annex I (informative) Examples of referenced pre-tests based on Japanese test procedures .85
Bibliography .88
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 204, Intelligent transport systems.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO/TS 14907-1:2010). It also incorporates
the Technical Corrigenda ISO/TS 14907-1:2010/Cor.1:2010. The main changes are related to the revision
of the references.
ISO/TS 14907 consists of the following parts, under the general title Electronic fee collection — Test
procedures for user and fixed equipment:
— Part 1: Description of test procedures
— Part 2: Conformance test for the onboard unit application interface
iv © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

Introduction
For an electronic fee collection (EFC) system, approvals and tests are required to determine whether the
system (or individual components of the system) conforms to standards and application requirements
and to enable parameters such as quality, availability, and maintainability to be measured.
There are complete EFC systems available, including documentation and approvals, and these could
already be in operation in some European countries. This part of ISO/TS 14907 provides a toolbox
of tests and procedures for the assessment and proof of such EFC systems that they are suitable for
specified EFC applications under specific operational conditions. Dependent on a system to be tested
and based on the available documentation and the status of previously performed approvals, this part
of ISO/TS 14907 enables parties involved, e.g. system provider, operators, and test houses, to take into
consideration already proven references and to identify such parameters which still have to be tested
according to the specified applications.
At the time of publication of this part of ISO/TS 14907, the determination of common system requirements
for Europe (or any other region) has not been agreed. For this reason, this part of ISO/TS 14907 does
not specify any particular performance requirements, unless these are already determined elsewhere
(such as safety or radio regulations), but rather identifies the key parameters which will comprise such
requirements. Where reference to an existing test is available, this part of ISO/TS 14907 provides that
reference. This part of ISO/TS 14907 defines only the test and test procedures, not the benchmark
figures that these are to be measured against. Benchmark figures which the systems or components
under test can be compared with and validated against might form the subject of a future part of this
Technical Specification. Within the framework of the European Electronic Toll System (EETS), this part
of ISO/TS 14907 could provide inputs for the work of the notified bodies in view to certify the different
systems’ part of the EETS in particular to check the suitability for use.
This part of ISO/TS 14907 is furthermore limited to automated (electronic) payment using a
standardized dedicated short-range communication (DSRC). The scope of this part of ISO/TS 14907
does not include manual payment, conventional money transaction, nor payment by means of sticker,
vignettes, tickets, or magnetic-stripe cards, etc. The applications to which EFC is related are toll
collection, road pricing, parking, and individual traffic information.
This part of ISO/TS 14907 enables groups of operators to determine common specific performance levels
and operating conditions and to enable regional variation where appropriate. It provides operating and
environmental parameters (or classes of operating and environmental parameters) within which such
systems shall successfully function without impairing interoperability to ensure that the person who
specified the system can state their requirements clearly to implementation designers and integrators
and to enable the measurement of the performance of such systems.
The following guidelines have been followed when selecting the test procedures for test parameters:
— reference as far as possible to existing standardized test procedures;
— focusing on those tests that are essential to ensure that EFC equipment is able to exchange
information and mutually use the exchanged information.
A brief guide describing how to use this part of ISO/TS 14907 is provided by Annex A.
While this part of ISO/TS 14907 relates to general test procedures, certain provisions relate specifically
to test procedures for certification purposes. Many features of this part of ISO/TS 14907 are relevant
internationally; it is recognized that due to different regulatory requirements outside Europe,
extension may be required to make its applicability as comprehensive in non-EU countries, before this
International Standard can be reviewed for acceptance as in EU countries.
The ISO/TS 17444 series provides an examination framework for EFC charging performance.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 14907-1:2015(E)
Electronic fee collection — Test procedures for user and
fixed equipment —
Part 1:
Description of test procedures
1 Scope
This part of ISO/TS 14907 specifies the test procedures of EFC roadside equipment (RSE) and on-board
equipment (OBE) with regard to the conformance to standards and requirements for type approval and
acceptance testing which is within the realm of EFC application specifically.
The scope of this part of ISO/TS 14907 is restricted to systems operating within the radio emission,
electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) regulations, traffic, and other regulations of the countries in
which they are operated.
This part of ISO/TS 14907 identifies a set of suitable parameters and provides test procedures to enable
the proof of a complete EFC system, as well as components of an EFC system, e.g. OBE, related to the
defined requirements of an application. The defined parameter and tests are assigned to the following
groups of parameters:
— functionality;
— quality;
— referenced pre-tests.
An overview of the tests and parameters provided by this part of ISO/TS 14907 is given in 5.1 and 5.2.
This part of ISO/TS 14907 describes procedures, methods and tools, and a test plan which shows
the relation between all tests and the sequence of these tests. It lists all tests that are required to
measure the performance of EFC equipment. It describes which EFC equipment is covered by the test
procedures; the values of the parameters to be tested are not included. It also describes how the tests
are to be performed and which tools and prerequisites are necessary before this series of tests can be
undertaken. It is assumed that the security of the system is inherent in the communications and EFC
functionality tests, therefore they are not addressed here. All tests in this part of ISO/TS 14907 provide
instructions to evaluate the test results.
The test procedures can be used for prototype testing, type approvals, test of installations, and
periodic inspections. Thus this part of ISO/TS 14907 defines only the test and test procedures, not the
benchmark figures that these are to be measured against.
Related to a conceptual model of an EFC system, this part of ISO/TS 14907 relates only to the equipment
of the user and the service provider as illustrated in Figure 1. Any other entities are outside the scope of
this part of ISO/TS 14907.
Figure 1 — Conceptual model of EFC
EFC systems for DSRC consist, in principle, of a group of technical components, which in combination
fulfil the functions required for the collection of fees by electronic automatic means. These components
comprise of all, or most, of the following:
— OBE within a vehicle;
— OBE containing the communications and computing sub-functions;
— optional integrated circuit card which may carry electronic money, service rights, and other
secured information;
— communication between OBE and RSE based on DSRC;
— equipment for the fee collection at the RSE containing the communications and computing sub-
functions;
— equipment for the enforcement at the roadside;
— central equipment for the administration and operation of the system.
The scope of this part of ISO/TS 14907 relates solely to OBE and RSE and the DSRC interface between
OBE and RSE including its functions to perform the fee collection as illustrated by Figure 2. All the
equipment used for enforcement (e.g. detection, classification, localization, and registration) and
central equipment are outside the scope of this part of ISO/TS 14907.
2 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

Figure 2 — OBE/RSE interface and associated environments
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories
ISO/IEC 17065:2012, Conformity assessment — Requirements for bodies certifying products, processes
and services
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
acceptance testing
examination that a product, process, or service is in conformity with the system specification
3.2
availability
property of being accessible and useable upon demand by an authorized entity
[SOURCE: ISO 7498-2:1989, 3.3.11]
3.3
certification
procedure by which a party gives written assurance that a product, process, or service conforms to
specified requirements
3.4
compatibility
suitability of products, processes, or services for use together under specific conditions to fulfil relevant
requirements without causing unacceptable interactions
3.5
EFC equipment
equipment comprising roadside equipment (RSE) and on-board equipment (OBE)
3.6
EFC system
system that enables electronic debiting for the use of transport services
3.7
evaluation
systematic process of determining how individuals, procedures, systems, or programs have met
formally agreed objectives and requirements
[SOURCE: ISO 10798:2011, 1.90]
3.8
evaluation assurance level
set of assurance requirements, usually involving documentation, analysis and testing, representing a
point on a predefined assurance scale, that form an assurance package
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 15408-1:2009, 3.1.27, modified]
3.9
field test
test that is performed under real-life conditions
3.10
functionality test
assessing the performance of an EFC system, based on specific parameters
Note 1 to entry: Functionality parameters can include communication, application, and vehicle and traffic
characteristics.
3.11
inspection
conformity evaluation by observation and judgement accompanied, as appropriate, by measurement,
testing, or gauging
3.12
interoperability
ability of systems to exchange information and to make mutual use of the information that has
been exchanged
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC/TR 10000-1:1998, 3.2.1, modified]
3.13
laboratory test
test which is performed in a laboratory under specified conditions
3.14
maintainability
ability of a system or subsystem to be maintained or restored to specified conditions within a given
period of time
4 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

3.15
on-board equipment
OBE
equipment located on-board a vehicle including nomadic devices with the function of exchanging
information with external systems
Note 1 to entry: OBE is composed of the on-board unit (OBU) and other sub-units whose presence is considered
optional for the execution of the DSRC interface.
[SOURCE: ISO 14906:2011, 3.14]
3.16
quality
degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfils requirements
Note 1 to entry: User requirements can include ease of use, safety, availability, reliability, sturdiness, economy,
and environmental safety. Such requirements can be explicit or implicit.
[SOURCE: ISO 9000:2005, 3.1.1]
3.176
reliability
ability of a device or a system to perform its intended function under given conditions of use for a
specified period of time or number of cycles
3.18
roadside equipment
RSE
equipment located along the road, either fixed or mobile
3.19
simulation
representation of selected behavioural characteristics of one physical or abstract system by
another system
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993, definition 01.06.01]
3.20
test
procedure designed to measure characteristics of a component or system in specified conditions
3.21
test parameter
parameter that specifies one or more characteristics of a system to be tested
3.22
test procedure
instructions for the setup, execution, and evaluation of results for a given test case
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 25051:2014, 4.1.22, modified]
3.23
test status
nature of a test, either basic or conditional
Note 1 to entry: A test labelled “conditional” is performed if, and only if, it is applicable to a feature identified in
the specification of the system or component, whereas a test labelled “basic” indicates a highly recommended
test as part of a foundation for meaningful evaluation. See 5.2.
3.24
test type
kind of test, such as inspection, simulation, lab test, and field test
3.25
test house
third party that carries out the test
3.26
type approval
approval based on conformity testing on the basis of one or more specimens of a product representative
of the production
3.27
validation
confirmation by examination and provision of objective evidence that the particular requirements for a
specific intended use are fulfilled
3.28
verification
confirmation by examination and provision of objective evidence that specified requirements have
been fulfilled
4 Abbreviated terms
ARIB Association of Radio Industries and Businesses
NOTE A Japanese standards development organisation.
DSRC dedicated short-range communication (ISO 14906)
EAL Evaluation Assurance Level
EFC electronic fee collection (ISO 17573)
EIRP equivalent isotropically radiated power
EMC electromagnetic compatibility
ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute
ICC integrated circuit card
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IUT implementation under test
MMI man-machine interface
MTBF mean time between failure
MTTF mean time to failure
MTTR mean time to repair
OBE onboard equipment (ISO 14906)
OBU onboard unit
RSE roadside equipment (ISO 14906)
SUT system under test
tbd to be determined
6 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

5 Test parameters and test procedures for EFC
5.1 Tests overview
5.1.1 General
The test parameters for EFC systems or components are categorized in three groups as follows:
a) functionality tests;
b) quality tests;
c) referenced pre-tests.
Figure 3 shows the general structure of all test parameter groups relevant for EFC systems and those
which are relevant to this part of ISO/TS 14907. The test parameters for pre-tests are referenced from
sources other than this part of ISO/TS 14907. The specific test parameters that are ultimately deemed
relevant for a specific EFC system shall be identified and listed in the test plan according to 5.3. The
individual test plan for type approval or acceptance testing shall take into account those pre-tests that
have already been passed, i.e. for EMC, DSRC, and environment.
Figure 3 — Test plan — Interdependencies
5.1.2 Functionality tests
The first category of tests is related to test procedures which aim to verify the functionality of the
EFC equipment.
The functionality tests are related to the essential test parameters that need to be applied to verify the
performance and capability of EFC equipment of different vendors and system operators.
The following parameters shall be tested:
— communication;
— EFC application;
— influence of vehicle characteristics;
— influence of traffic characteristics;
— environmental influences.
Communication and EFC application tests are described in 6.1. Tests related to vehicle and traffic
characteristics and environmental influences are listed in Annex B.
5.1.3 Quality tests
The second category of tests is related to procedures that aim to determine the quality of the EFC
equipment. These are relevant for both operators and users.
The following test parameters shall be tested:
— quality management;
— reliability;
— availability.
For some of these test parameters, there are some existing test procedures available, which are referenced.
These tests are described in 6.2 and Annex C.
5.1.4 Referenced pre-tests
The third category of tests is related to test parameters which are fundamental for the performance
of EFC equipment. The specific parameters and requirements are not within the scope of this part of
ISO/TS 14907. The parameters that are relevant can be assigned to the following groups:
— DSRC;
— EMC;
— environment.
5.2 Parameter overview
Tables 1 to 3 provide a comprehensive list of the parameters that are relevant for type approval or
acceptance testing of a complete EFC system, as well as components of an EFC system. The tables are
divided according to the subjects of 5.1.2, 5.1.3, and 5.1.4, namely functionality, quality, and referenced
pre-tests. The subclause in which the tests are described or referenced is shown. An indication as to the
nature of these tests (basic or conditional) is provided as not all tests are relevant to all operators and
their specific operating situations and environment.
As used in Tables 1 to 3,
— “basic” means that the identified tests are highly recommended as part of a foundation for meaningful
evaluation, and
— “conditional” means that the test shall be performed if, and only if, it is applicable to a feature
identified in the specification of the system or component under evaluation, for example, performing
the lane changing test (T6) if the RSE is characterized as multilane.
8 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

Table 1 provides an overview of the parameters for which tests are defined in this part of
ISO/TS 14907 to measure the performance and assess the level of conformance of an EFC system or
components under test.
Table 2 provides a list of the quality tests.
Table 3 provides a list of parameters that are necessary for pre-tests and whose performance and
conformance are tested by reference to existing standards or Technical Specifications.
NOTE The tests have been categorized into inspection tests, laboratory tests, simulation tests, and field
tests. The appropriate test or types of tests are indicated, in the following tables, for each parameter. It is not
expected that all the named types of tests for a parameter will be performed on that parameter. Where a set
of appropriate tools is available to a test house, it is up to the test house to decide which type of test is most
appropriate to meet its specific remit.
Where a particular category of test shall be performed to conform to this part of ISO/TS 14907, the test
is indicated in the following tables with a “p”. Where a particular category of test is optional, this is
indicated with an “o”.
10 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
Table 1 — Functionality
Applicable test type
Tests Location Test status
(p = shall be performed, o = optional)
Reference Basic/
Parameter Item Name Inspection Laboratory Simulation Field test
a
to subclause conditional
Category 1
Communication C1 Conformance assessment 6.1.1 B — p o o
F1 Validation of the specification 6.1.2 B p — — —
EFC
application F2 Implementation test 6.1.2 B p o o o
tests
F3 Functionality tests 6.1.2 B p o o p
T1 Longitudinal distance between vehicles 6.1.3, B.2 B — — o p
T2 Lateral distance between vehicles 6.1.3, B.2 C — — o o
T3 Lateral distance between OBEs 6.1.3, B.2 C — — o o
T4 Speed of vehicles 6.1.3, B.2 C — — o o
T5 Driving angle 6.1.3, B.2 C — — o o
Traffic
conditions
T6 Lane changing 6.1.3, B.2 C — — o o
T7 Shadowing 6.1.3, B.2 B — — o p
T8 Traffic scenarios — free flow 6.1.3, B.2 C — — o o
T9 Traffic scenarios — restricted flow 6.1.3, B.2 C — — o o
T10 Traffic volume 6.1.3, B.2 C — — o o
a
Test only to be applied if function or item is specified.

Table 1 — (continued)
Applicable test type
Tests Location Test status
(p = shall be performed, o = optional)
Reference Basic/
Parameter Item Name Inspection Laboratory Simulation Field test
a
to subclause conditional
Category 2
V1 Length of vehicle 6.1.4, B.3 C — — o o
V2 Height of vehicle 6.1.4, B.3 C — — o o
V3 Width of vehicle 6.1.4, B.3 C — — o o
V4 Length of bonnet 6.1.4, B.3 C — — o o
V5 Other vehicle features, weight, number of axles, 6.1.4, B.2 C — — o o
volume, shape, paintwork, colour, air
conditioner, mobile communication equipment
V6 Constructive elements, superstructures in 6.1.4, B.3 C — — o o
the windscreen area, lorries with external
sun visors, car transporters with projecting
Vehicle loading surface sun roof (open/closed)/roof
characteristics mountings
V7 Attenuation of windscreen, caused by e.g. 6.1.4, B.3 C — o o o
metallized, coated, heated, or dirty windscreen
V8 Angle of windscreens, horizontal plane cars, 6.1.4, B.3 C — o o o
small trucks and vans, trucks, buses, and
touring coaches
V9 Angle of windscreens, vertical plane location in 6.1.4, B.3 C — o o o
the outer curve area
V10 Mounting height of OBE antenna 6.1.4, B.3 C — o o o
V11 Lateral mounting of OBE antenna from middle 6.1.4, B.3 C — o o o
of windscreen
V12 OBE behaviour, variation of supply voltage, 6.1.4, B.3 C — o o o
operational state of OBE, fixing of OBE, ICC
behaviour
a
Test only to be applied if function or item is specified.

12 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
Table 1 — (continued)
Applicable test type
Tests Location Test status
(p = shall be performed, o = optional)
Reference Basic/
Parameter Item Name Inspection Laboratory Simulation Field test
to subclause conditionala
Category 3
I1 Width of pavement 6.1.5, B.4 C o — o o
I2 Number of lanes 6.1.5, B.4 C o — o o
I3 Other topographical influences 6.1.5, B.4 C o o o o
Environmental
influences
I4 Water and dust 6.1.5, B.4 C — o o o
I5 Temperature, humidity, and daylight 6.1.5, B.4 C — o o o
I6 Other weather conditions 6.1.5, B.4 C — o o o
a
Test only to be applied if function or item is specified.

Table 2 — Quality
Applicable test type
Tests Location Test status
(p = shall be performed, o = optional)
Reference Basic/
Parameter Item Name Inspection Laboratory Simulation Field test
a
to subclause conditional
Quality Q1 Design, development, production, installation, 6.2.1 B p — — —
management and servicing
R1 Components, equipment, system 6.2.2, C.1 B p o o o
R2 Transaction-level reliability 6.2.2, C.2 B p o o o
Reliability/
R3 OBE life duration 6.2.2, C.2 B p o o o
availability
R4 OBE battery duration 6.2.2, C.2 B p o o o
R5 OBE smart card life duration 6.2.2, C.2 B p o o o
a
Test only to be applied if function or item is specified.

14 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
Table 3 — Referenced pre-tests
Tests Location Test status Test type
Reference to Basic/ (R = refer to standards/regulations
Parameter Item Name
a
subclause conditional which specify these pre-tests)
D1 Layer 1 6.3.1, F.1 B R
DSRC D2 Layer 2 6.3.1, F.1 B R
D3 Layer 7 6.3.1, F.1 B R
ET1 Basic parameter 6.3.2, F.2 B R
ET2 Mechanical 6.3.2, F.2 B R
Environment ET3 Electrical 6.3.2, F.2 B R
ET4 Chemical/biological 6.3.2, F.2 B R
ET5 Safety 6.3.2, F.2 B R
E1.1 Emission 6.3.3, F.3 B R
EMC
E1.2 Immunity 6.3.3, F.3 B R
a
Test only to be applied if function or item is specified.

5.3 Test plan
The manufacturer or the test house carrying out the type approval or acceptance testing shall devise an
individual test plan for each tested EFC system or EFC component, in accordance with Figure 3, taking
into account the system-specific characteristics of the EFC application. With respect to type approval,
the requirements of applicable standards or other normative and referenced documents shall be tested
by the manufacturer or by a test house.
With respect to acceptance tests, only the features that are specified or implicit in the system
specification shall be tested. Where additional features are provided for contingent use at some future
date, these shall be tested only if such contingency is included in the system specification. Where
additional features are present in products supplied, but are neither used nor included in the system
specification or implementation, there is no requirement that they shall be tested unless they have an
effect on the operation of the system.
Results of pre-tests that have already been passed shall be compared with the application-specific
requirements. If deviations are detected, additional tests will need to be carried out. The test plan shall
make references to each listed test parameter with respect to the following details:
— identification of test parameter and item;
— reference of the related requirements/severity of the test;
— required equipment and documentation;
— selected test type;
— required test equipment, measurement equipment, interfaces, and tools;
— required test environment;
— department carrying out the test;
— required documentation of the tests and the results (see G.5).
Interdependencies between the results of the different tests are anticipated and shall be taken into
account by the manufacturer or the test house. An example test protocol form is given in G.5.
5.4 Required documentation
The following listed documentation shall be supplied by the manufacturer to carry out the tests defined
by a test plan:
— system description (overview, block diagrams);
— system specification including functions, timing, operational data on a detailed level;
— safety and security concept (threat analysis, implemented measures to detect and control failures,
threats, and manipulations);
— user documentation (service provider and user);
— specification of ambient conditions;
— operational directives;
— quality assurance directives, development rules;
— maintenance and installation directives;
— list of all available documents from the manufacturer relating to the EFC system under test created
during the design and manufacture of the equipment.
6 Inspection and tests
6.1 Functionality tests
6.1.1 Communication
The test specifications with regard to communication are defined in ISO/TS 14907-2. It specifies the
tests that verify OBU conformance of implemented communication (transaction) protocols to conform
with the specifications given in ISO 14906 to be used for EFC applications.
NOTE ISO/TS 14907-2 can also be used as a source of inspiration for roadside equipment testing in
accordance with ISO 14906.
ISO/TS 14907-2 describes general requirements for conformance testing and specific test procedures
for the following:
— basic DSRC L7 functionality;
— EFC application functions;
— EFC attributes;
— addressing procedures of EFC attributes and (hardware) components (e.g. ICC and MMI);
— EFC transaction model;
— behaviour of the interface.
6.1.2 EFC application
6.1.2.1 General
The tests are related to components or to a complete EFC system consisting of an OBE, RSE, or both
and RSE/OBE in combination. The objective of the tests is to validate that the equipment to be tested
fulfils the functional and technical requirements of the specification. The proof consists of inspections,
simulations, and tests which are to ensure that the system specifications and the equipment of EFC are
in conformance with the EFC requirements based on standards and regulations, national requirements,
and other requirements.
6.1.2.2 and 6.1.2.3 describe a set of tests (see also Annex B); which of those tests are relevant and sufficient
to prove the performance of an EFC system or its components shall be defined by a test plan (see 5.3).
The EFC application test is divided into two sections:
a) validation of the EFC specification;
b) inspection and test of the EFC system or component under test (SUT).
The relationship between the test sections is shown in Figure 4.
16 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

Figure 4 — Structure of application tests
6.1.2.2 addresses the validation of the EFC system specification with respect to the design specification.
The objective is a validation of the system specification to verify that it is in conformance with the EFC
requirements based on standards and regulations, national requirements, and other requirements. The
activity consists of inspection and analysis of the referenced documentation. The output of this phase is
an authorized and valid system specification of the SUT which meets the requirements of the selected
standards and regulations. Additionally, a test plan will be specified which identifies the required test
steps to prove the performance of the SUT.
6.1.2.3 addresses EFC equipment that is designed according to a validated system specification. The
activities of this section are inspections, simulations, and tests. Before the functionality test can start,
an implementation test (pre-test after installation) is carried out to ensure the principal performance of
the system. The implementation includes the activities of installation and commissioning. The objective
of the tests is to validate the conformity of the equipment with the specification and compliance with
the EFC requirements of standards and regulations, national requirements, and other requirements.
The inspection and test shall take into consideration results of tests that have been previously
performed, for example, quality tests and reference tests, and shall be detailed by a test plan (see 5.3).
Annex B contains a list of tests that are related to traffic conditions, vehicle characteristics, and other
environment influences. Annex H provides examples of EFC scenarios as part of a functionality test.
6.1.2.2 Validation of the SUT specification
EFC application test
Name: Validation of the specification (F1)
Group: EFC application
Purpose: To ensure that the specification of the SUT or component is in conformance with the EFC
requirements of standards and regulations, national requirements, and user requirements.
Requirement —  National requirements for EFC.
reference:
—  EFC requirements for a DSRC communication.
—  User requirements of the specified EFC application.
Default: All specifications to be inspected shall be in conformance regarding the DSRC regulations
and DSRC standards applicable in the countries and regions in which the system or
component will be operated.
Test A set of documentation as listed in 5.4 is required.
configuration:
Behaviour The task consists of inspection and analysis (Annex G) of the provided documentation. The
description: details of the system specification of the SUT are compared with the requirements of the
EFC standards and regulations, national requirements, and user requirements.
The documentation is inspected concerning completeness, validity, unambiguity,
consistency, and understandability.
The analysis is carried out to evaluate the system structure, reliability figures, measures to
detect and control failures, timing behaviour, security and safety, maintenance, and other
technical and non-technical measures concerning system performance.
Constraints None
reference:
Verdict: Test result Verdict
Authorized and valid system specification of Pass
the SUT. Test plan for the performance proof. Fail
The system specification does not conform to
the requirements. List of discovered
deviations.
Comments:
18 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

6.1.2.3 Inspection and test of SUT
EFC application test
Name: Implementation test (F2)
Group: EFC application
Purpose: The objective of this test is to verify that the specified EFC system (SUT) or component is in
conformance with the fundamental requirements of the EFC application.
Requirement Validated system specification of the SUT.
reference:
Default: Certified DSRC equipment according to the requirements of DSRC regulations and DSRC
standards applicable in the countries and regions in which the system or component will
be operated.
Test —  Documentation and equipment according
...