ISO 9984

International
Standard
Second edition
Information and documentation —
Transliteration of Georgian
characters into Latin characters
Information et documentation — Translittération des caractères
géorgiens en caractères latins
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
Reference number
© ISO 2025
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Transliteration tables . 2
4.1 General .2
4.2 Georgian characters .2
4.3 Other characters used in the Georgian script .3
Bibliography . 5
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 46, Information and documentation.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 9984:1996), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows.
— The system is now based on the Georgian national system of 2002 (presidential decree of 2011), with
modifications incorporated to ensure reversibility, for detail see Table 4.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
iv
Introduction
This document is one of the International Standards dealing with the conversion of systems of writing
developed by ISO/TC 46. The aim of these International Standards is to provide a means for international
communication of written messages. The system is entirely reversible.
For information, Georgia has also developed a transcription system, see Reference [7]. This simpler system,
which does not differentiate between aspirated and glottal consonants with the use of apostrophes, is also
used nationally for the text of statements, notices, titles, posters, signs, geographical and personal names on
addresses and road stencils, advertisements, and other visual information intended to inform the public. It
is not used for academic or scientific purposes.
— 10 modifications to the former romanizations (shown in Table 1) have been added in Table 4;
Table 1 — General comparison of former and new romanizations
Row Georgian Former New
number character romanization romanization
16 ჟ ž zh
23 ღ ḡ gh
25 შ š sh
26 ჩ č' ch
27 ც c' ts
28 ძ j dz
32 ჯ ǰ j
29 წ c ts'
30 ჭ č ch'
31 ხ x kh
— glottalized consonants have been marked with neutral (vertical line) apostrophe (Unicode 0027)
(e.g. 4.2, row 19: ტ was /t/ now / t'/). This is relevant to the items shown in Table 2;
Table 2 — Marking of glottalized consonants
Row Georgian Former New
number character romanization romanization
10 კ k k'
15 პ p p'
19 ტ t t'
24 ყ q q'
29 წ c ts'
30 ჭ č ch'
— Previously, aspirated counterparts were represented with this mark (e.g. 4.2, row 8: თ was /t'/, now /t/).
This is relevant to the items shown in Table 3;
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
v
Table 3 — Marking of aspirated consonants
Row Georgian Former New
number character romanization romanization
8 თ t' t
21 ფ p' p
22 ქ k' k
26 ჩ č' ch
27 ც c' ts
— The main system (see 4.2) is now limited to the 33 characters of the current Georgian alphabet (removing
long obsolete addition
...

ISO/DISPRF 9984:2025(en)
ISO/TC 46
Secretariat: AFNOR
Date: 2025-11-05-16
Information and documentation — Transliteration of Georgian
characters into Latin characters
Information et documentation — Translittération des caractères géorgiens en caractères latins
PROOF
ISO/PRF 9984:2025(en)
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication
may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO
at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
EmailE-mail: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.orgwww.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO/PRF 9984:2025(en)
Contents
Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Transliteration tables . 2
Bibliography . 5

Foreword . iv
Introduction . vii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Transliteration tables . 3
4.1 General . 3
4.2 Georgian characters . 3
4.3 Other characters used in the Georgian script . 5
Bibliography . 6
iii
ISO/PRF 9984:2025(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
ISO documentsdocument should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules
of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directiveswww.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn
ISO draws attention to the possibility that some of the elementsimplementation of this document may
beinvolve the subjectuse of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or
applicability of any claimed patent rights. in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document,
ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However,
implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from
the patent database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or
all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be
in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.htmlwww.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 46, Information and documentation.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 9984:1996), which has been technically revised.
The main changes are as follows:.
— — The system is now based on the Georgian national system of 2002 (presidential decree of 2011), with
modifications incorporated to ensure reversibility, for detail see Table 4. 0.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
ISO/PRF 9984:2025(en)
Introduction
This document is one of the International Standards dealing with the conversion of systems of writing
developed by ISO/TC 46. The aim of these International Standards is to provide a means for international
communication of written messages. The system is entirely reversible.
For information, Georgia has also developed a transcription system, see Reference [6].[Error! Reference
source not found.]. This simpler system, which does not differentiate between aspirated and glottal
consonants with the use of apostrophes, is also used nationally for the text of statements, notices, titles,
posters, signs, geographical and personal names on addresses and road stencils, advertisements, and other
visual information intended to inform the public. It is not used for academic or scientific purposes.
— — 10 modifications to the former romanizations (shown in Table 1)0) have been added in Table 4;0;
Table 1 – — General comparison of former and new romanizations
Row Georgian Former New
number character romanization romanization
16 ჟ ž zh
23 ღ ḡ gh
25 შ š sh
26 ჩ č' ch
27 ც c' ts
28 ძ j dz
32 ჯ ǰ j
29 წ c ts'
30 ჭ č ch'
31 ხ x kh
— — glottalized consonants have been marked with neutral (vertical line) apostrophe (Unicode 0027) (e.g.
4.2,4.2, row 19: ტ was /t/ now / t'/). This is relevant to the items shown in Table 2:0;
Table 2 – — Marking of glottalized consonants
Row Georgian Former New
number character romanization romanization
10 კ k k'
15 პ p p'
19 ტ t t'
24 ყ q q'
29 წ c ts'
30 ჭ č ch'
— — Previously, aspirated counterparts were represented with this mark (e.g. 4.2,4.2, row 8: თ was /t'/,
now /t/). This is relevant to the items shown in Table 3:0;
v
ISO/PRF 9984:2025(en)
Table 3 – — Marking of aspirated consonants
Row Georgian Former New
number character romanization romanization
8 თ t' t
21 ფ p' p
22 ქ k' k
26 ჩ č' ch
27 ც
...