ISO/ASTM 52943-2:2024

Norme
internationale
ISO/ASTM 52943-2
Première édition
Fabrication additive pour
2024-04
l'aérospatiale — Caractéristiques et
performances du procédé —
Partie 2:
Dépôt de matière sous énergie
concentrée utilisant du fil et un arc
Additive manufacturing for aerospace — Process characteristics
and performance —
Part 2: Directed energy deposition using wire and arc
Numéro de référence
DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT
© ISO/ASTM International 2024
Tous droits réservés. Sauf prescription différente ou nécessité dans le contexte de sa mise en œuvre, aucune partie de cette
publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique,
y compris la photocopie, ou la diffusion sur l’internet ou un intranet, sans autorisation écrite soit de l’ISO à l’adresse ci-après,
soit d’un organisme membre de l’ISO dans le pays du demandeur. Aux États-Unis, les demandes doivent être adressées à ASTM
International.
ISO copyright office ASTM International
Case postale 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700
CH-1214 Vernier, Genève West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, USA
Tél.: +41 22 749 01 11 Tél.: +610 832 9634
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Web: www.iso.org Web: www.astm.org
Publié en Suisse
© ISO/ASTM International 2024 – Tous droits réservés
ii
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .iv
1 Domaine d’application . 1
2 Références normatives . 1
3 Termes et définitions . 1
4 Exigences relatives aux matières premières . 3
5 Qualification de l'opérateur de la machine . 3
6 Qualification de la machine DED . 4
6.1 Qualification des machines.4
6.2 Requalification des machines.4
7 Exigences relatives à la plateforme/substrat de fabrication . 5
8 Exigences relatives à l'environnement . 5
8.1 Généralités .5
8.2 Environnement de l'installation .5
8.3 Environnement du procédé .6
9 Qualification du mode opératoire . 6
9.1 Généralités .6
9.2 APS .6
9.3 Requalification du mode opératoire .9
10 Documents techniques . 9
11 Documents de production . .10
12 Suivi du procédé .10
13 Essais de réception du produit . 10
14 Documentation relative à la fabrication et à la traçabilité .11
15 Documentation de livraison .11
Annexe A (informative) Certificat d'examen d’opérateur pour les machines de fabrication
additive par application de matériau avec dépôt de matière sous énergie concentrée .12
Bibliographie . 14

© ISO/ASTM International 2024 – Tous droits réservés
iii
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes nationaux
de normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est en général
confiée aux comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire
partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non
gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux. L'ISO collabore étroitement avec
la Commission électrotechnique internationale (IEC) en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les procédures utilisées pour élaborer le présent document et celles destinées à sa mise à jour sont
décrites dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 1. Il convient, en particulier, de prendre note des différents
critères d'approbation requis pour les différents types de documents ISO. Le présent document a
été rédigé conformément aux règles de rédaction données dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2 (voir
www.iso.org/directives).
L’ISO attire l’attention sur le fait que la mise en application du présent document peut entraîner l’utilisation
d’un ou de plusieurs brevets. L’ISO ne prend pas position quant à la preuve, à la validité et à l’applicabilité de
tout droit de propriété revendiqué à cet égard. À la date de publication du présent document, l’ISO n'avait pas
reçu notification qu’un ou plusieurs brevets pouvaient être nécessaires à sa mise en application. Toutefois,
il y a lieu d’avertir les responsables de la mise en application du présent document que des informations
plus récentes sont susceptibles de figurer dans la base de données de brevets, disponible à l'adresse
www.iso.org/brevets. L’ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne pas avoir identifié tout ou partie de
tels droits de propriété.
Les appellations commerciales éventuellement mentionnées dans le présent document sont données pour
information, par souci de commodité, à l’intention des utilisateurs et ne sauraient constituer un engagement.
Pour une explication de la nature volontaire des normes, la signification des termes et expressions
spécifiques de l'ISO liés à l'évaluation de la conformité, ou pour toute information au sujet de l'adhésion de
l'ISO aux principes de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) concernant les obstacles techniques au
commerce (OTC), voir www.iso.org/avant-propos.
Le présent document a été élaboré par le comité technique ISO/TC 261, Fabrication additive, en coopération
avec l’ASTM Comité F42, Technologies de fabrication additive, dans le cadre d’un accord de partenariat
entre l’ISO et ASTM International dans le but de créer un ensemble commun de normes ISO/ASTM sur la
fabrication additive, ainsi qu'en collaboration avec le comité technique CEN/TC 438, Fabrication additive, du
Comité européen de normalisation (CEN) conformément à l'Accord de coopération technique entre l'ISO et le
CEN (Accord de Vienne).
Il convient que l’utilisateur adresse tout retour d’information ou toute question concernant le présent
document à l’organisme national de normalisation de son pays. Une liste exhaustive desdits organismes se
trouve à l’adresse www.iso.org/fr/members.html.

© ISO/ASTM International 2024 – Tous droits réservés
iv
Norme internationale ISO/ASTM 52943-2:2024(fr)
Fabrication additive pour l'aérospatiale — Caractéristiques et
performances du procédé —
Partie 2:
Dépôt de matière sous énergie concentrée utilisant du fil
et un arc
1 Domaine d’application
Le présent document spécifie les exigences relatives à la fabrication additive de pièces métalliques par dépôt
de matière sous énergie concentrée (DED) dirigée dans l’industrie aérospatiale.
Dans le domaine d’application du présent document, le fil est utilisé comme matière première et les procédés
à l’arc (procédé à l’arc avec électrode fusible sous protection gazeuse MIG/MAG/GMAW), procédés à l’arc
sous protection de gaz inerte avec électrode de tungstène (TIG/GTAW), procédés par arc plasma (PAW))
sont utilisés comme principale source d’énergie.
Le présent document est à utiliser en conjonction avec les documents techniques, si exigé par le responsable
des études techniques.
Le présent document ne traite pas les questions de sécurité et de santé.
2 Références normatives
Les documents suivants sont cités dans le texte de sorte qu’ils constituent, pour tout ou partie de leur
contenu, des exigences du présent document. Pour les références datées, seule l’édition citée s’applique. Pour
les références non datées, la dernière édition du document de référence s’applique (y compris les éventuels
amendements).
ISO 14175, Produits consommables pour le soudage — Gaz et mélanges gazeux pour le soudage par fusion et les
techniques connexes
ISO/ASTM 52900, Fabrication additive — Principes généraux — Fondamentaux et vocabulaire
ISO/ASTM 52926-5, Fabrication additive des métaux — Principes de qualification — Partie 5: Qualification des
opérateurs pour DED-Arc
3 Termes et définitions
Pour l’application du présent document, les termes et définitions donnés dans l’ISO/ASTM 52900 ainsi que
les suivants s’appliquent.
L’ISO et l’IEC tiennent à jour des bases de données terminologiques destinées à être utilisées en normalisation,
consultables aux adresses suivantes:
— ISO Online browsing platform: disponible à l’adresse https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: disponible à l’adresse https:// www .electropedia .org/

© ISO/ASTM International 2024 – Tous droits réservés
3.1
spécification préliminaire du mode opératoire additif
pAPS pour preliminary additive procedure specification
document contenant les variables requises du procédé de fabrication additive qui nécessite d’être qualifié
Note 1 à l'article: Le pAPS contient des paramètres spécifiques au procédé et représentera une section du plan de
fabrication.
3.2
spécification du mode opératoire additif
APS pour additive procedure specification
document qui a été qualifié et qui fournit les variables requises du procédé de fabrication additive pour
assurer la répétabilité pendant la production
Note 1 à l'article: L’APS contient des paramètres spécifiques au procédé et représentera une section du plan de
fabrication.
Note 2 à l'article: De plus amples informations sur la qualification des procédés se trouvent dans la série ISO 15614.
3.3
variable clé du procédé
KPV
aspects du procédé de fabrication qui peuvent avoir un impact sur la capacité à satisfaire aux exigences
spécifiées qui incluent les propriétés physiques, chimiques, métallurgiques, mécaniques et dimensionnelles
[SOURCE: SAE AMS 7005:2019-01-31, 8.2.1]
3.4
responsable des études techniques
organisme qui a la responsabilité de l'intégrité structurale ou du maintien de la navigabilité du matériel et
de la conformité à tous les documents applicables
[SOURCE: ISO 24394:2023, 3.8, modifiée — «design» a été retiré du terme et les Notes à l’article ont été
supprimées.]
3.5
plateforme de fabrication
base qui offre une surface sur laquelle la fabrication de la ou des pièce(s) est lancée et supportée tout au long
du procédé de fabrication
[SOURCE: ISO/ASTM 52900:2021, 3.3.5]
3.6
substrat
métal de base utilisé pour initier le dépôt de matériau qui peut rester une portion de la préforme
[SOURCE: SAE AMS 7005:2019-01-31, 8.2.1, modifiée – «may» a été remplacé par «can» en anglais. Note 1 à
l’article ajoutée]
Note 1 à l'article: Un substrat peut faire partie intégrante de la pièce finale tandis qu’une plateforme de fabrication
sera retirée de la pièce finale.
3.7
point d’exploitation
emplacement où le procédé est réalisé, par exemple, torche ou buse à gaz, buse de protection, chambre à gaz
(si utilisé
...

FINAL DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/ASTM
FDIS
52943-2
ISO/TC 261
Additive manufacturing for
Secretariat: DIN
aerospace — Process characteristics
Voting begins on:
and performance —
2024-01-23
Part 2:
Voting terminates on:
2024-03-19
Directed energy deposition using
wire and arc
Fabrication additive pour l'aérospatiale — Caractéristiques et
performances du procédé —
Partie 2: Dépôt de matière sous énergie concentrée utilisant du fil
et un arc
Member bodies are requested to consult relevant national interests in ISO/TC
44/SC 14 before casting their ballot to the e-Balloting application.
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
Reference number
ISO/ASTM FDIS 52943-2:2024(en) © ISO/ASTM International 2024

FINAL DRAFT
ISO/ASTM FDIS 52943-2:2024(en)
International
Standard
ISO/ASTM
FDIS
52943-2
ISO/TC 261
Additive manufacturing for
Secretariat: DIN
aerospace — Process characteristics
Voting begins on:
and performance —
Part 2:
Voting terminates on:
Directed energy deposition using
wire and arc
Fabrication additive pour l'aérospatiale — Caractéristiques et
performances du procédé —
Partie 2: Dépôt de matière sous énergie concentrée utilisant du fil
et un arc
Member bodies are requested to consult relevant national interests in ISO/TC
44/SC 14 before casting their ballot to the e-Balloting application.
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
© ISO/ASTM International 2024
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester. In the United States, such requests should be sent to ASTM International.
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
ISO copyright office ASTM International TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, USA
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11 Phone: +610 832 9634
Fax: +610 832 9635
Email: copyright@iso.org Email: khooper@astm.org
Website: www.iso.org Website: www.astm.org
Published in Switzerland Reference number
ISO/ASTM FDIS 52943-2:2024(en) © ISO/ASTM International 2024

© ISO/ASTM International 2024 – All rights reserved
ii
ISO/ASTM FDIS 52943-2:2024(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Requirements for the feedstock . 2
5 Qualification of the machine operator . 3
6 Qualification of the DED machine . 3
6.1 Machine qualification .3
6.2 Machine requalification . .4
7 Build platform/substrate requirements . 5
8 Environment requirements . 5
8.1 General .5
8.2 Facility environment .5
8.3 Process environment .5
9 Procedure qualification . 6
9.1 General .6
9.2 APS .6
9.3 Procedure requalification .8
10 Engineering documents . 8
11 Production documents . 9
12 Process monitoring . 9
13 Product acceptance testing . 9
14 Build documentation and traceability .10
15 Delivery documentation .10
Annex A (informative) Operator test certificate for additive manufacturing machines by
material application with directed energy deposition .11
Bibliography .13

© ISO/ASTM International 2024 – All rights reserved
iii
ISO/ASTM FDIS 52943-2:2024(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 261, Additive manufacturing, in cooperation
with ASTM Committee F42, Additive Manufacturing Technologies, on the basis of a partnership agreement
between ISO and ASTM International with the aim to create a common set of ISO/ASTM standards on
additive manufacturing, and in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN)
Technical Committee CEN/TC 438, Additive manufacturing, in accordance with the Agreement on technical
cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

© ISO/ASTM International 2024 – All rights reserved
iv
FINAL DRAFT International Standard ISO/ASTM FDIS 52943-2:2024(en)
Additive manufacturing for aerospace — Process
characteristics and performance —
Part 2:
Directed energy deposition using wire and arc
1 Scope
This document specifies requirements for the additive manufacturing of metallic parts with directed energy
deposition (DED) in the aerospace industry.
Within the application scope of this document, wire is used as feedstock, and arc processes (gas-shielded
metal arc processes (MIG/MAG/GMAW), tungsten inert gas processes (TIG/GTAW), plasma arc processes
(PAW)) are used as the main energy source.
This document is to be used in conjunction with the engineering documents, if required by the engineering
authority.
This document does not address health and safety issues.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 14175, Welding consumables — Gases and gas mixtures for fusion welding and allied processes
ISO/ASTM 52900, Additive manufacturing — General principles — Fundamentals and vocabulary
ISO/ASTM 52926-5, Additive manufacturing of metals — Qualification principles — Part 5: Qualification of
operators for DED-Arc
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/ASTM 52900 and the following
apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
preliminary additive procedure specification
pAPS
document containing the required variables of the additive manufacturing process which has to be qualified
Note 1 to entry: The pAPS contains process specific parameters and will form a section of the manufacturing plan.

© ISO/ASTM International 2024 – All rights reserved
ISO/ASTM FDIS 52943-2:2024(en)
3.2
additive procedure specification
APS
document that has been qualified and provides the required variables of the additive manufacturing process
to ensure repeatability during production
Note 1 to entry: The APS contains process specific parameters and will form a section of the manufacturing plan.
Note 2 to entry: Further information on the qualification of processes can be found in the ISO 15614 series.
3.3
key process variable
KPV
aspects of the manufacturing process that m
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Additive manufacturing for aerospace — Process characteristics
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Directed energy deposition using wire and arc
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ISO/ASTM FDIS 52943-2:20232024(E)
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© ISO/ASTM 20232024
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including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can
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United States, such requests should be sent to ASTM International.
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
ISO copyright office ASTM International
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, USA
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11 Phone: +610 832 9634
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Formatted: French (France)
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47 Fax: +610 832 9635
Formatted: French (France)
Email: copyright@iso.org Email: khooper@astm.org
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Commented [eXtyles2]: The URL http://www.astm.org
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the URL.
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Published in Switzerland
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ii © ISO/ ASTM International 2023 – All rights
reserved
© ISO/ASTM 2024 – All rights reserved

ii
ISO/ASTM FDIS 52943-2:20232024(E)
Formatted: Font: 11 pt, Bold
Formatted: Font: 11 pt, Bold
Formatted: HeaderCentered, Left, Space After: 0 pt,
Contents
Line spacing: single
Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
Foreword . v
Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Requirements for the feedstock . 3
5 Qualification of the machine operator . 3
6 Qualification of the DED machine . 4
6.1 Machine qualification . 4
6.2 Machine requalification . 5
7 Build platform/substrate requirements . 5
8 Environment requirements . 6
8.1 General . 6
8.2 Facility environment . 6
8.3 Process environment . 6
9 Procedure qualification . 6
9.1 General . 6
9.2 APS . 7
9.3 Procedure requalification . 11
10 Engineering documents. 11
11 Production documents . 11
12 Process monitoring . 12
13 Product acceptance testing . 12
14 Build documentation and traceability . 13
15 Delivery documentation . 13
Annex A (informative) Operator test certificate for additive manufacturing machines by material
application with directed energy deposition . 14
Bibliography . 17

Foreword iv
1 Scope 1
2 Normative references 1
3 Terms and definitions 1
4 Requirements for the feedstock 2
5 Qualification of the machine operator 2
Formatted: FooterPageRomanNumber
© ISO/ ASTM International 2023 – All rights iii
reserved
© ISO/ASTM 2024 – All rights reserved

iii
ISO/ASTM FDIS 52943-2:20232024(E)
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Formatted: Font: 11 pt, Bold
Formatted: HeaderCentered, Space After: 0 pt, Line
6 Qualification of the DED machine 3
spacing: single
6.1 Machine Qualification 3
6.2 Machine Requalification 4
7 Build platform/substrate requirements 4
8 Environment requirements 4
8.1 General 4
8.2 Facility environment 4
8.3 Process environment 5
9 Procedure qualification 5
9.1 General 5
9.2 APS 5
9.3 Procedure requalification 8
10 Engineering documents 8
11 Production documents 8
12 Process monitoring 9
13 Product acceptance testing 9
14 Build documentation and traceability 9
15 Delivery documentation 10
Annex A (informative) Test certificate for operators of machines for additive manufacturing by material
application with directed energy deposition 11
Formatted: FooterPageRomanNumber
iv © ISO/ ASTM International 2023 – All rights
reserved
© ISO/ASTM 2024 – All rights reserved

iv
ISO/ASTM FDIS 52943-2:20232024(E)
Formatted: Font: 11 pt, Bold
Formatted: Font: 11 pt, Bold
Formatted: HeaderCentered, Left, Space After: 0 pt,
Foreword
Line spacing: single
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Formatted: English (United Kingdom)
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of
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© ISO/ ASTM International 2023 – All rights v
reserved
© ISO/ASTM 2024 – All rights reserved

v
FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/ASTM FDIS 52943-2:2023(E)

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Additive manufacturing for aerospace — Process characteristics
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and performance —
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Part 2:
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Directed energy deposition using wire and arc
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1 Scope
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This document specifies requirements for the additive manufacturing of metallic parts with directed
energy deposition (DED) in the aerospace industry.
Within the application scope of this document, wire is used as feedstock, and arc processes (gas-shielded
metal arc processes (MIG/MAG/GMAW), tungsten inert gas processes (TIG/GTAW), plasma arc processes
(PAW)) are used as the main energy source.
This document is to be used in conjunction with the engineering documents, if required by the
engineering authority.
This document does not address health and safety issues.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 14175, Welding consumables — Gases and gas mixtures for fusion welding and allied
processes
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ISO/ASTM 52900, Additive manufacturing — General principles — Fundamentals and
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vocabulary
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ISO 14175, Welding consumables — Gases and gas mixtures for fusion welding and allied processes Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
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ISO/ASTM 52900, Additive manufacturing — General principles — Fundamentals and vocabulary
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