ISO 516:2019
(Main)Camera shutters - Timing - General definition and mechanical shutter measurements
Camera shutters - Timing - General definition and mechanical shutter measurements
This document provides a uniform basis for determining the exposure times for all types of shutters used in still cameras and contains suitable definitions of the terms used. It specifies the exposure-time markings for all types of shutters and their tolerances. The characteristics of all types of mechanical shutters, which are mounted in still cameras and affect the control of exposure, motion-stopping ability and synchronization with a photoflash light source are also defined. The tolerances specified are the target values for the shutter performance that can be expected to give good results. They are not intended for application as a general inspection standard in controlling the performance of mechanical shutters, since tolerances may vary with the feature and price class of camera tested. Test methods are described for routine manufacturing testing and quality control. These test methods require access to the focal plane of the camera and can therefore not be applied to assembled digital still cameras.
Obturateurs d'appareils photographiques — Durée d'exposition — Définition générale et mesurages d'obturateur mécanique
Zaklopi na kamerah - Zaklopni časi - Splošna opredelitev in meritve mehanskih zaklopov
Ta dokument ponuja enotno osnovo za določanje časa osvetlitve za vse vrste zaklopov, ki se uporabljajo v fotoaparatih, in vsebuje ustrezne opredelitve uporabljenih izrazov.
Določa oznake za čas osvetlitve za vse vrste zaklopov in njihove tolerance.
Opredeljuje tudi značilnosti vseh vrst mehanskih zaklopov, ki so nameščeni v fotoaparatih in vplivajo na nadzor osvetlitve, sposobnost zaustavljanja gibanja ter sinhronizacijo z bliskavico.
Dovoljena odstopanja so ciljne vrednosti za delovanje zaklopa, od katerega se pričakuje, da bo dal dobre rezultate. Namen ni uporaba kot splošni standard za nadzor delovanja mehanskih zaklopov, saj se odstopanja lahko razlikujejo glede na lastnosti in cenovni razred preskušenih fotoaparatov.
Opisane so preskusne metode za rutinsko preskušanje v proizvodnji in nadzor kakovosti. Te preskusne metode zahtevajo dostop do goriščne ravnine fotoaparata, zato jih ni mogoče uporabiti za sestavljene digitalne fotoaparate.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 31-Mar-2019
- Technical Committee
- ISO/TC 42 - Photography
- Drafting Committee
- ISO/TC 42/WG 18 - Electronic still picture imaging
- Current Stage
- 9093 - International Standard confirmed
- Start Date
- 17-Jun-2024
- Completion Date
- 13-Dec-2025
Relations
- Effective Date
- 12-Mar-2016
Overview
ISO 516:2019, "Camera shutters - Timing - General definition and mechanical shutter measurements," defines a uniform basis for determining exposure times and measuring mechanical shutter performance in still cameras. The standard provides precise definitions, required exposure-time markings and tolerances, and measurement procedures for mechanical shutters (both front shutters and focal‑plane shutters). It also covers characteristics that affect exposure control, motion‑stopping ability and synchronization with photoflash sources. Note: the prescribed test methods require access to the camera focal plane and therefore cannot be applied to fully assembled digital still cameras.
Key Topics and Requirements
- Terms and definitions: clear definitions for effective time, exposure time (measured at center), total time, shutter efficiency, fluctuation of exposure time, non‑uniformity of exposure, delay time, and synchronization contacts (X, M, FP).
- Exposure‑time series and markings: exposure times follow a binary series where each step changes time by a factor of two (one exposure step, E). Markings are specified as rounded reciprocal values (e.g., ...8, 4, 2, 1, 1/2, 1/4...) and common marked speeds (e.g., 15, 30, 60, 125, 250, 500, 1 000).
- Tolerances and target values: the standard specifies target tolerances for exposure time errors, fluctuations, adjacent‑step ratios and non‑uniformity. These tolerances are intended as target performance levels rather than a strict inspection regime-manufacturers may vary tolerances by camera class and feature set.
- Shutter types: distinguishes front shutters (expose picture area almost simultaneously) from focal‑plane shutters (expose incrementally via a moving slit) and gives formulas relating slit width, curtain velocity and exposure metrics.
- Photoflash synchronization: defines delay time and synchronization contacts (X, M, FP) and references ISO 10330 for ignition circuit details.
- Test methods and apparatus: prescribes apparatus (detectors, time‑interval meters) and procedures for front‑shutter and focal‑plane shutter tests. Annex A includes graphic test methods for routine manufacturing testing and quality control.
Practical Applications and Who Uses It
- Camera manufacturers use ISO 516:2019 to design, specify and validate shutter timing and synchronization for mechanical shutters.
- Quality control and test laboratories apply the test methods during production testing and routine verification (when focal‑plane access is available).
- Repair technicians and optical engineers rely on the standard’s definitions and tolerances when servicing or specifying replacement shutters.
- Standards bodies and certification labs reference ISO 516 when assessing compliance of photographic equipment.
- Advanced photographers and educators can use the standard to better understand shutter timing behavior and photoflash synchronization characteristics.
Related Standards
- ISO 10330 (photoflash ignition circuits) is referenced for synchronization circuit details.
- Produced by ISO/TC 42 (Photography); consult your national standards body for implementation and national adoptions.
Keywords: ISO 516:2019, camera shutters, shutter timing, mechanical shutter measurements, exposure time, focal‑plane shutter, front shutter, photoflash synchronization, shutter test methods.
Frequently Asked Questions
ISO 516:2019 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Its full title is "Camera shutters - Timing - General definition and mechanical shutter measurements". This standard covers: This document provides a uniform basis for determining the exposure times for all types of shutters used in still cameras and contains suitable definitions of the terms used. It specifies the exposure-time markings for all types of shutters and their tolerances. The characteristics of all types of mechanical shutters, which are mounted in still cameras and affect the control of exposure, motion-stopping ability and synchronization with a photoflash light source are also defined. The tolerances specified are the target values for the shutter performance that can be expected to give good results. They are not intended for application as a general inspection standard in controlling the performance of mechanical shutters, since tolerances may vary with the feature and price class of camera tested. Test methods are described for routine manufacturing testing and quality control. These test methods require access to the focal plane of the camera and can therefore not be applied to assembled digital still cameras.
This document provides a uniform basis for determining the exposure times for all types of shutters used in still cameras and contains suitable definitions of the terms used. It specifies the exposure-time markings for all types of shutters and their tolerances. The characteristics of all types of mechanical shutters, which are mounted in still cameras and affect the control of exposure, motion-stopping ability and synchronization with a photoflash light source are also defined. The tolerances specified are the target values for the shutter performance that can be expected to give good results. They are not intended for application as a general inspection standard in controlling the performance of mechanical shutters, since tolerances may vary with the feature and price class of camera tested. Test methods are described for routine manufacturing testing and quality control. These test methods require access to the focal plane of the camera and can therefore not be applied to assembled digital still cameras.
ISO 516:2019 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 37.040.10 - Photographic equipment. Projectors. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ISO 516:2019 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ISO 516:1999. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
You can purchase ISO 516:2019 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of ISO standards.
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2022
Nadomešča:
SIST ISO 516:2011
Zaklopi na kamerah - Zaklopni časi - Splošna opredelitev in meritve mehanskih
zaklopov
Camera shutters — Timing — General definition and mechanical shutter measurements
Obturateurs d'appareils photographiques — Durée d'exposition — Définition générale
et mesurages d'obturateur mécanique
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 516:2019
ICS:
37.040.10 Fotografska oprema. Photographic equipment.
Projektorji Projectors
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 516
Fourth edition
2019-04
Camera shutters — Timing — General
definition and mechanical shutter
measurements
Obturateurs d'appareils photographiques — Durée d'exposition —
Définition générale et mesurages d'obturateur mécanique
Reference number
©
ISO 2019
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols . 4
5 Required characteristics and their tolerances . 5
5.1 Exposure time . 5
5.1.1 Exposure time marking . 6
5.1.2 Tolerances . 6
5.2 Delay time . 6
5.2.1 Front shutters . 6
5.2.2 Focal-plane shutters . 8
6 Test methods . 9
6.1 General . 9
6.2 Apparatus . 9
6.2.1 Apparatus . 9
6.2.2 Detector . 9
6.2.3 Time-interval meter .10
6.3 Front-shutter test .10
6.3.1 Test assembly .10
6.3.2 Procedure .10
6.4 Focal-plane-shutter test .11
6.4.1 Test assembly .11
6.4.2 Procedure .12
7 Explanatory notes .13
7.1 Tolerance .13
7.2 Test method .14
Annex A (normative) Graphic test methods .15
Bibliography .22
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 42, Photography.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 516:1999) which has been technically
revised. The following changes have been made:
— The title and scope have been updated to reflect that the document is applicable to mechanical
shutters.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Introduction
A superseded edition of this document was developed in the mechanical-shutters-only era. The scope
of this edition has been changed as many digital still cameras with non-mechanical shutters are now
introduced to the market.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 516:2019(E)
Camera shutters — Timing — General definition and
mechanical shutter measurements
1 Scope
This document provides a uniform basis for determining the exposure times for all types of shutters
used in still cameras and contains suitable definitions of the terms used.
It specifies the exposure-time markings for all types of shutters and their tolerances.
The characteristics of all types of mechanical shutters, which are mounted in still cameras and affect
the control of exposure, motion-stopping ability and synchronization with a photoflash light source are
also defined.
The tolerances specified are the target values for the shutter performance that can be expected to
give good results. They are not intended for application as a general inspection standard in controlling
the performance of mechanical shutters, since tolerances may vary with the feature and price class of
camera tested.
Test methods are described for routine manufacturing testing and quality control. These test methods
require access to the focal plane of the camera and can therefore not be applied to assembled digital
still cameras.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1
front shutter
any shutter in the vicinity of the lens
Note 1 to entry: The front shutter can be in front of, behind or between the lens elements and can consist of
rotating discs, rotating slats, sliding blades, oscillating blades, etc. Programmed shutters are also included.
Note 2 to entry: The common characteristic for the front shutter is that the entire picture area is exposed almost
simultaneously.
Note 3 to entry: When the shutter and diaphragm are located too far apart, both exposure and shutter speed may
vary at different points in the picture area.
3.2
focal-plane shutter
any shutter in the vicinity of the focal plane
Note 1 to entry: The focal-plane shutter can consist of fixed or variable slit curtains, rotating discs, sliding
blades, etc.
Note 2 to entry: The essential feature of the focal-plane shutter is that the picture area is exposed incrementally,
in such a way that the time required to expose the entire picture area is greater than the exposure time of any
one point.
3.3
effective time
t
e
best measure of the amount of light falling on the picture area
Note 1 to entry: Effective time is defined by the following formula:
H
t =
e
E
Note 2 to entry: At any point on the picture area, t is generally the same for the entire picture area for front
e
shutters when vignetting is not severe. For focal-plane shutters, t will vary with w and v . The formula in Note 1
e c
to entry can be approximated with the below formula for convenience in measurement:
w
t = (focal plane shutter)
e
v
c
The formula in Note 2 to entry can only be applied under the condition of w ≥ d /A.
s
3.4
exposure time
t
eo
effective time measured at the centre of the picture area
3.5
total time
t
o
the time for which any given point in the picture area is exposed to light
Note 1 to entry: At any point on the picture area, to is generally the same, or almost, on the entire picture area for
front shutters.
Note 2 to entry: For a focal-plane shutter, however, to is dependent on w, A, d and V . The curtain displacement to
s c
completely expose one point becomes w + d /A, which can be converted to t , if the velocity is known, using the
s o
following formula:
d
s
w+
A
t =
o
V
c
Note 3 to entry: This formula can be inexact in the presence of vignetting.
See Figure 1.
2 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
a
Taking lens.
b
Curtain.
c
Focal lens.
Figure 1 — Total time for a focal-plane shutter
3.6
shutter efficiency
η
ratio of effective time to total time
Note 1 to entry: The shutter efficiency is given by:
t
e
η=
t
o
3.7
fluctuation of exposure time
p
the value of p is determined by the following formula
x +σ
p
2 =
x −σ
where x and σ are the mean and standard deviation of the values of five successive measurements
3.8
ratio of two adjacent exposure times
q
ratio of the mean values of two adjacent shutter speed settings obtained from values of five successive
measurements
Note 1 to entry: The ratio is expressed by the following formula:
tn
()
eo
p
2 =
tn+1
()
eo
Note 2 to entry: t (n) and t (n + 1) are the exposure times of two adjacent shutter speed settings represented
eo eo
by (n) and (n + 1).
3.9
non-uniformity of exposure
r
characteristic which may be found during any single exposure due to lack of coincidence with the
principal plane (front shutter) or to variations in curtain velocity or slit width (focal-plane shutters)
Note 1 to entry: Such non-uniformity is expressed as the ratio of the maximum and minimum effective time
found by exploring the picture area, and is derived from the following formula:
t max
r e
2 =
t min
e
3.10
overall time
T
elapsed time for exposure of all points in the entire picture area
Note 1 to entry: For front shutters, T = t .
o
3.11
photoflash synchronization delay time
t
d
time interval from the initial closing of the shutter synchronization contacts to the moment at which
the shutter element moves to the specified position (see 5.2)
Note 1 to entry: For details of ignition circuits of synchronizers, see ISO 10330.
3.12
X contact
synchronization contact for an electronic flash unit
Note 1 to entry: The contact closes while the shutter is fully opened to enable reception of the reflected light from
the object through the aperture of the lens or for total illumination of the camera aperture. The X contact can
sometimes be used for the M or MF class of photoflash lamp at the slower shutter speeds.
3.13
M contact
synchronization contact for M class of photoflash lamp
3.14
FP contact
synchronization contact for FP class of photoflash lamp
Note 1 to entry: This contact is provided only in the focal plane shutter and can be used for M or MF class of
photoflash lamp at the slower shutter speeds.
4 Symbols
A f-number of the lens
b exposure time error
c tolerance for exposure time
4 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
d tolerance for stop
d distance between focal plane and curtain
s
E maximum illuminance (full open shutter)
o
E exposure value in units
v
e tolerance for exposure meter
f tolerance for film sensitivity
H exposure (time-integral of illuminance)
L film latitude
m magnification factor
n positive or negative integer, or zero
p fluctuation of exposure time, expressed in E
v
q ratio of two adjacent exposure times, expressed in E
v
r non-uniformity of exposure, expressed in E
v
s width of the mask slit in drum tester
T overall time, in seconds (see Figure 3)
t minimum contact duration, in seconds
c
t delay time, in seconds (see Figures 2 and 3)
d
t theoretical exposure time, in seconds [see Formula (1)]
E
t effective time, in seconds (see Figure A.2)
e
t exposure time, in seconds (effective time measured at the centre of the picture area)
eo
t total time, in seconds (see Figure A.2)
o
v average linear velocity of curtain
c
v linear velocity of rotating drum periphery
d
w width of the focal-plane curtain slit
η shutter efficiency
5 Required characteristics and their tolerances
5.1 Exposure time
Theoretical exposure times that form a series are given, in seconds, by the following formula:
t = (1)
E
n
Shutters shall be designed to provide exposure times selected from the series below, subject to the
tolerances specified in 5.1.2.
....8,4,2,1,1/2,1/4,1/8,1/16,1/32,1/64,1/128,1/256,1/512,1/1 024,1/2 048...
NOTE 1 Timing of the shutters need be measured at the appropriate aperture of the lens used (see Figures 4
and 5). In the case of cameras that have interchangeable lenses, the standard lens is used for exposure-time
measuring.
NOTE 2 In evaluating shutters without lenses, exposure times are measured under the conditions fixed so as
to be equivalent to the requirements of this document.
NOTE 3 A change in n by one unit needs a change in time by a factor of 2. This unit is called E or a step.
v
5.1.1 Exposure time marking
The exposure-time marking shall be marked as the following rounded-off values of reciprocal numbers
of the series specified in 5.1. Exposure times longer than 1 s shall not, however, be marked as reciprocal
numbers, but should be made evident by colour or some other means of identification.
...8,4,2, 1,2,4,8, 15,30, 60, 125, 250, 500,1 000, 2 000...
The highest marking, however, need not necessarily be selected from this series, but the series
beginning with the next lower number should be selected from this series, whenever practicable, and
progressing as far as is required in the particular application.
5.1.2 Tolerances
The tolerances of exposure time error, fluctuation of exposure times, ratio of two adjacent exposure
times and nonuniformity of exposure should be as shown in Table 1 (see also 7.1). The following
Formula (2), i
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 516
Fourth edition
2019-04
Camera shutters — Timing — General
definition and mechanical shutter
measurements
Obturateurs d'appareils photographiques — Durée d'exposition —
Définition générale et mesurages d'obturateur mécanique
Reference number
©
ISO 2019
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols . 4
5 Required characteristics and their tolerances . 5
5.1 Exposure time . 5
5.1.1 Exposure time marking . 6
5.1.2 Tolerances . 6
5.2 Delay time . 6
5.2.1 Front shutters . 6
5.2.2 Focal-plane shutters . 8
6 Test methods . 9
6.1 General . 9
6.2 Apparatus . 9
6.2.1 Apparatus . 9
6.2.2 Detector . 9
6.2.3 Time-interval meter .10
6.3 Front-shutter test .10
6.3.1 Test assembly .10
6.3.2 Procedure .10
6.4 Focal-plane-shutter test .11
6.4.1 Test assembly .11
6.4.2 Procedure .12
7 Explanatory notes .13
7.1 Tolerance .13
7.2 Test method .14
Annex A (normative) Graphic test methods .15
Bibliography .22
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 42, Photography.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 516:1999) which has been technically
revised. The following changes have been made:
— The title and scope have been updated to reflect that the document is applicable to mechanical
shutters.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Introduction
A superseded edition of this document was developed in the mechanical-shutters-only era. The scope
of this edition has been changed as many digital still cameras with non-mechanical shutters are now
introduced to the market.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 516:2019(E)
Camera shutters — Timing — General definition and
mechanical shutter measurements
1 Scope
This document provides a uniform basis for determining the exposure times for all types of shutters
used in still cameras and contains suitable definitions of the terms used.
It specifies the exposure-time markings for all types of shutters and their tolerances.
The characteristics of all types of mechanical shutters, which are mounted in still cameras and affect
the control of exposure, motion-stopping ability and synchronization with a photoflash light source are
also defined.
The tolerances specified are the target values for the shutter performance that can be expected to
give good results. They are not intended for application as a general inspection standard in controlling
the performance of mechanical shutters, since tolerances may vary with the feature and price class of
camera tested.
Test methods are described for routine manufacturing testing and quality control. These test methods
require access to the focal plane of the camera and can therefore not be applied to assembled digital
still cameras.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1
front shutter
any shutter in the vicinity of the lens
Note 1 to entry: The front shutter can be in front of, behind or between the lens elements and can consist of
rotating discs, rotating slats, sliding blades, oscillating blades, etc. Programmed shutters are also included.
Note 2 to entry: The common characteristic for the front shutter is that the entire picture area is exposed almost
simultaneously.
Note 3 to entry: When the shutter and diaphragm are located too far apart, both exposure and shutter speed may
vary at different points in the picture area.
3.2
focal-plane shutter
any shutter in the vicinity of the focal plane
Note 1 to entry: The focal-plane shutter can consist of fixed or variable slit curtains, rotating discs, sliding
blades, etc.
Note 2 to entry: The essential feature of the focal-plane shutter is that the picture area is exposed incrementally,
in such a way that the time required to expose the entire picture area is greater than the exposure time of any
one point.
3.3
effective time
t
e
best measure of the amount of light falling on the picture area
Note 1 to entry: Effective time is defined by the following formula:
H
t =
e
E
Note 2 to entry: At any point on the picture area, t is generally the same for the entire picture area for front
e
shutters when vignetting is not severe. For focal-plane shutters, t will vary with w and v . The formula in Note 1
e c
to entry can be approximated with the below formula for convenience in measurement:
w
t = (focal plane shutter)
e
v
c
The formula in Note 2 to entry can only be applied under the condition of w ≥ d /A.
s
3.4
exposure time
t
eo
effective time measured at the centre of the picture area
3.5
total time
t
o
the time for which any given point in the picture area is exposed to light
Note 1 to entry: At any point on the picture area, to is generally the same, or almost, on the entire picture area for
front shutters.
Note 2 to entry: For a focal-plane shutter, however, to is dependent on w, A, d and V . The curtain displacement to
s c
completely expose one point becomes w + d /A, which can be converted to t , if the velocity is known, using the
s o
following formula:
d
s
w+
A
t =
o
V
c
Note 3 to entry: This formula can be inexact in the presence of vignetting.
See Figure 1.
2 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
a
Taking lens.
b
Curtain.
c
Focal lens.
Figure 1 — Total time for a focal-plane shutter
3.6
shutter efficiency
η
ratio of effective time to total time
Note 1 to entry: The shutter efficiency is given by:
t
e
η=
t
o
3.7
fluctuation of exposure time
p
the value of p is determined by the following formula
x +σ
p
2 =
x −σ
where x and σ are the mean and standard deviation of the values of five successive measurements
3.8
ratio of two adjacent exposure times
q
ratio of the mean values of two adjacent shutter speed settings obtained from values of five successive
measurements
Note 1 to entry: The ratio is expressed by the following formula:
tn
()
eo
p
2 =
tn+1
()
eo
Note 2 to entry: t (n) and t (n + 1) are the exposure times of two adjacent shutter speed settings represented
eo eo
by (n) and (n + 1).
3.9
non-uniformity of exposure
r
characteristic which may be found during any single exposure due to lack of coincidence with the
principal plane (front shutter) or to variations in curtain velocity or slit width (focal-plane shutters)
Note 1 to entry: Such non-uniformity is expressed as the ratio of the maximum and minimum effective time
found by exploring the picture area, and is derived from the following formula:
t max
r e
2 =
t min
e
3.10
overall time
T
elapsed time for exposure of all points in the entire picture area
Note 1 to entry: For front shutters, T = t .
o
3.11
photoflash synchronization delay time
t
d
time interval from the initial closing of the shutter synchronization contacts to the moment at which
the shutter element moves to the specified position (see 5.2)
Note 1 to entry: For details of ignition circuits of synchronizers, see ISO 10330.
3.12
X contact
synchronization contact for an electronic flash unit
Note 1 to entry: The contact closes while the shutter is fully opened to enable reception of the reflected light from
the object through the aperture of the lens or for total illumination of the camera aperture. The X contact can
sometimes be used for the M or MF class of photoflash lamp at the slower shutter speeds.
3.13
M contact
synchronization contact for M class of photoflash lamp
3.14
FP contact
synchronization contact for FP class of photoflash lamp
Note 1 to entry: This contact is provided only in the focal plane shutter and can be used for M or MF class of
photoflash lamp at the slower shutter speeds.
4 Symbols
A f-number of the lens
b exposure time error
c tolerance for exposure time
4 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
d tolerance for stop
d distance between focal plane and curtain
s
E maximum illuminance (full open shutter)
o
E exposure value in units
v
e tolerance for exposure meter
f tolerance for film sensitivity
H exposure (time-integral of illuminance)
L film latitude
m magnification factor
n positive or negative integer, or zero
p fluctuation of exposure time, expressed in E
v
q ratio of two adjacent exposure times, expressed in E
v
r non-uniformity of exposure, expressed in E
v
s width of the mask slit in drum tester
T overall time, in seconds (see Figure 3)
t minimum contact duration, in seconds
c
t delay time, in seconds (see Figures 2 and 3)
d
t theoretical exposure time, in seconds [see Formula (1)]
E
t effective time, in seconds (see Figure A.2)
e
t exposure time, in seconds (effective time measured at the centre of the picture area)
eo
t total time, in seconds (see Figure A.2)
o
v average linear velocity of curtain
c
v linear velocity of rotating drum periphery
d
w width of the focal-plane curtain slit
η shutter efficiency
5 Required characteristics and their tolerances
5.1 Exposure time
Theoretical exposure times that form a series are given, in seconds, by the following formula:
t = (1)
E
n
Shutters shall be designed to provide exposure times selected from the series below, subject to the
tolerances specified in 5.1.2.
....8,4,2,1,1/2,1/4,1/8,1/16,1/32,1/64,1/128,1/256,1/512,1/1 024,1/2 048...
NOTE 1 Timing of the shutters need be measured at the appropriate aperture of the lens used (see Figures 4
and 5). In the case of cameras that have interchangeable lenses, the standard lens is used for exposure-time
measuring.
NOTE 2 In evaluating shutters without lenses, exposure times are measured under the conditions fixed so as
to be equivalent to the requirements of this document.
NOTE 3 A change in n by one unit needs a change in time by a factor of 2. This unit is called E or a step.
v
5.1.1 Exposure time marking
The exposure-time marking shall be marked as the following rounded-off values of reciprocal numbers
of the series specified in 5.1. Exposure times longer than 1 s shall not, however, be marked as reciprocal
numbers, but should be made evident by colour or some other means of identification.
...8,4,2, 1,2,4,8, 15,30, 60, 125, 250, 500,1 000, 2 000...
The highest marking, however, need not necessarily be selected from this series, but the series
beginning with the next lower number should be selected from this series, whenever practicable, and
progressing as far as is required in the particular application.
5.1.2 Tolerances
The tolerances of exposure time error, fluctuation of exposure times, ratio of two adjacent exposure
times and nonuniformity of exposure should be as shown in Table 1 (see also 7.1). The following
Formula (2), in seconds, is applicable to the tolerance of the exposure time:
t = (2)
eo
()nb+
Table 1 — Tolerances for b, p, q and r
Unit: E
v
Quantity
Exposure time
a
b p q r
1/125 and longer ±0,3 ≤0,3 1 ± 0,45 ≤0,2
shorter than 1/125 ±0,45 ≤0,45 1 ± 0,65 ≤0,6
a
The admissible values for individual exposure times are calculated and tabulated in Annex A.
Over the range of −10 °C to 40 °C, the tolerances specified in Table 1 should not be exceeded, with the
e
...
ISO 516:2019 문서에서는 정지 카메라에 사용되는 모든 종류의 셔터의 노출 시간을 결정하기 위한 통일된 기준을 제공합니다. 이 표준의 주요 강점은 다양한 셔터 유형에 대한 노출 시간 표시와 그 허용 오차를 명확하게 정의하고 있어, 사용자와 제조업체 모두에게 명확한 기준을 제시한다는 점입니다. 이러한 명확성은 카메라의 성능을 향상시키고, 고객의 기대에 부응할 수 있도록 돕습니다. 또한, ISO 516:2019는 정지 카메라에 장착된 모든 유형의 기계식 셔터의 특성을 정의하며, 이는 노출 조정, 모션 정지 능력 및 포토플래시 광원과의 동기화에 중요한 역할을 합니다. 이러한 특성의 정의는 카메라 제품의 품질 제어와 성능 검증에서 핵심적인 요소로 작용합니다. 특히, 이 표준에서 규정한 허용 오차는 셔터 성능의 target values를 제공하여, 소비자에게 만족스러운 결과를 기대하게 만듭니다. 하지만, 이 표준이 기계식 셔터의 성능을 일반적으로 검사하는 기준으로 사용되기 위해서는 주의가 필요합니다. 카메라의 기능 및 가격대에 따라 허용 오차가 다를 수 있기 때문에, 각 제품에 적합한 적용이 중요합니다. 또한, ISO 516:2019에서는 제조 테스트 및 품질 관리를 위한 시험 방법도 규정하고 있는데, 이는 카메라의 초점면에 접근해야 하므로 조립된 디지털 정지 카메라에는 적용할 수 없습니다. 결론적으로, ISO 516:2019는 카메라 셔터의 성능을 효과적으로 측정하고 보증할 수 있는 기준을 제공하는 중요한 문서로, 산업 내에서 그 중요성 및 관련성이 매우 높습니다.
La norme ISO 516:2019, intitulée "Obturateurs de caméra - Temps de pose - Définition générale et mesures des obturateurs mécaniques", offre une base uniformisée pour la détermination des temps d'exposition pour tous les types d'obturateurs utilisés dans les appareils photo numériques. Sa portée inclut des définitions claires et adéquates des termes employés, garantissant ainsi une compréhension harmonisée au sein de l'industrie. L'un des principaux atouts de cette norme réside dans sa capacité à spécifier les marquages de temps d'exposition pour tous les types d'obturateurs, ainsi que leurs tolérances. Cette précision est cruciale pour les fabricants, car elle permet d'aligner les performances des obturateurs sur des critères de qualité définis et acceptables, assurant ainsi des résultats optimaux lors de l'utilisation de divers obturateurs mécaniques en situation réelle. De plus, la norme définit les caractéristiques des obturateurs mécaniques, qui sont montés dans les appareils photo et influencent non seulement le contrôle de l'exposition, mais aussi la capacité d'arrêt de mouvement et la synchronisation avec une source de lumière de flash. Cela renforce la pertinence de cette norme dans le processus de conception et de fabrication des appareils photo, en fournissant des critères essentiels pour garantir des performances optimales. Bien que les tolérances précisées dans la norme soient présentées comme des valeurs cibles pour la performance des obturateurs, il est important de noter qu’elles ne doivent pas être utilisées comme une norme d'inspection générale pour le contrôle de la performance des obturateurs mécaniques. Cette nuance est essentielle, car les tolérances peuvent varier en fonction des caractéristiques spécifiques et de la classe de prix de l'appareil photo testé. Les méthodes d'essai décrites pour le contrôle qualité et les tests de fabrication en routine renforcent encore la valeur de cette norme. Toutefois, il est à noter que ces méthodes nécessitent un accès au plan focal de l'appareil photo, ce qui limite leur application aux caméras assemblées, en particulier les appareils photo numériques compacts. En somme, la norme ISO 516:2019 constitue un document essentiel pour les fabricants d'appareils photo, offrant un cadre solide pour garantir la qualité et la performance des obturateurs mécaniques. Sa pertinence dans un marché en constante évolution fait d'elle une référence incontournable pour l'industrie de la photographie.
ISO 516:2019 표준 문서는 정지 카메라에서 사용되는 모든 종류의 셔터의 노출 시간을 결정하기 위한 통일된 기초를 제공합니다. 이 문서는 사용되는 용어에 대한 적절한 정의를 포함하고 있으며, 모든 종류의 셔터에 대해 노출 시간 표기 및 그 허용 오차를 명시하고 있습니다. 이러한 정의와 표기는 카메라 사용자가 노출 시간이 어떤 방식으로 측정되는지를 이해하는 데 도움을 줍니다. 표준의 강점 중 하나는 모든 유형의 기계식 셔터의 특성을 정의하고 있다는 점입니다. 기계식 셔터는 정지 카메라에 장착되어 노출 제어, 모션 정지 능력, 그리고 포토플래시 광원과의 동기화에 영향을 미칩니다. ISO 516:2019는 이러한 셔터의 성능을 측정하고 확인하는 데 필요한 기초자료를 제공하므로 제조사와 사용자 모두에게 중요한 참고자료가 됩니다. 표준에서 지정된 허용 오차는 셔터 성능에 대한 목표 값을 제시하며, 이는 좋은 결과를 기대할 수 있는 수준으로 설정되어 있습니다. 그러나 이 허용 오차는 시험된 카메라의 특징과 가격대에 따라 달라질 수 있기 때문에, 이러한 점을 명확하게 이해하고 적용해야 합니다. 또한, 제조 과정을 위한 테스트 방법이 설명되어 있으며, 이는 품질 관리 및 루틴 제조 테스트에 필수적입니다. ISO 516:2019는 조립된 디지털 정지 카메라에는 적용할 수 없는 점에서 특정한 적용 범위를 가지고 있습니다. 이는 초점 면에 대한 접근이 필요하기 때문에 해당 테스트를 실행할 수 없음을 의미합니다. 따라서 카메라 제조업체들은 이 표준을 바탕으로 자신의 제품에서 요구되는 성능 기준을 설정할 수 있도록 해야 합니다. 결론적으로, ISO 516:2019 표준은 카메라 셔터의 타이밍과 기계적 measurements에 대한 중요한 가이드라인을 제공하며, 이는 카메라 산업 전반에 걸쳐 높은 품질의 표준을 유지하는 데 기여합니다.
ISO 516:2019 serves as a pivotal standard for the camera industry, specifically focusing on the timing and mechanical shutter measurements critical to still photography. The scope of this document is comprehensive, providing a standardized foundation for determining exposure times across various types of shutters utilized in still cameras. This uniformity ensures consistency and reliability in shutter performance, addressing essential aspects of photographic quality. One of the notable strengths of ISO 516:2019 is its thorough definition of relevant terms, which promotes clarity and understanding among manufacturers and users alike. By specifying exposure-time markings and tolerances across all shutter types, the standard facilitates a level of quality expectation that is vital for both amateur and professional photographers. This clarity is essential in ensuring that photographers can rely on their equipment for precision and accuracy, particularly when timing is crucial for capturing the desired moment. Moreover, the standard excels in detailing the characteristics of mechanical shutters and their impact on exposure control, motion-stopping ability, and synchronization with photoflash sources. By addressing these characteristics, ISO 516:2019 links technical performance directly to practical photographic outcomes, reinforcing its relevance in today's evolving camera market. The inclusion of test methods for routine manufacturing testing and quality control further solidifies the standard's utility. These methods are designed for assessing the performance of mechanical shutters, thus ensuring that products meet the specified tolerances and performance levels expected by users. However, it is important to note that these methods require access to the focal plane, which limits their application to assembled digital still cameras. Overall, ISO 516:2019 is a vital document for the photography industry, offering a robust framework that ensures mechanical shutter performance and exposure timing are consistent and reliable. Its detailed definitions, clear tolerances, and practical testing methods contribute to a higher quality of photography equipment, making it an essential reference for manufacturers aiming to deliver top-notch products to the market.
Die Norm ISO 516:2019 bietet eine einheitliche Grundlage zur Bestimmung der Belichtungszeiten für verschiedene Arten von Verschlüssen, die in digitalen und analogen Fotokameras verwendet werden. Sie umfasst wesentliche Definitionen der Begriffe rund um Kameraverschlüsse und legt die Markierungen für die Belichtungszeiten sowie deren Toleranzen fest. Dies ist besonders wichtig, um eine konsistente Qualität und Zuverlässigkeit bei der Verwendung von Kameraverschlüssen zu gewährleisten. Ein herausragendes Merkmal dieser Norm ist die detaillierte Beschreibung der Eigenschaften aller Arten mechanischer Verschlüsse. Diese Merkmale betreffen entscheidend die Steuerung der Belichtung, die Fähigkeit, Bewegungen einzufrieren, und die Synchronisation mit einem Blitzlicht. Die präzisen Toleranzen in der Norm definieren die Zielwerte für die Leistung der Verschlüsse, die zu guten Ergebnisse führen sollten. Dabei wird jedoch klargestellt, dass diese Toleranzen nicht als allgemeine Inspektionsnorm für die Leistungsprüfung mechanischer Verschlüsse gedacht sind, da sie je nach Kameraausführung und Preisklasse variieren können. Die in der ISO 516:2019 beschriebenen Prüfmethoden für die routinemäßige Fertigungsprüfung und Qualitätskontrolle sind ebenfalls von großer Bedeutung. Diese Methoden erfordern den Zugang zur Brennebene der Kamera, was bedeutet, dass sie nicht auf vollständig montierte digitale Fotokameras angewendet werden können. Dies schafft Raum für zukünftige Entwicklungen in der Qualitätskontrolle von Digitalkameras, indem es den Herstellern ermöglicht, konsistente Standards in der Produktlinie zu implementieren. Die Relevanz dieser Norm für Hersteller und Fotografen kann nicht überschätzt werden; sie sorgt dafür, dass die Leistung von Kameraverschlüssen standardisiert und nachvollziehbar ist. Daher ist die ISO 516:2019 nicht nur ein technisches Dokument, sondern auch ein unverzichtbares Werkzeug für die Sicherstellung der Bildqualität in der Fotografie.
Die ISO 516:2019 ist ein äußerst relevantes Dokument, das einen einheitlichen Rahmen zur Bestimmung der Belichtungszeiten für alle Arten von Verschlüssen in Fotokameras bietet. Die Norm definiert präzise die verwendeten Begriffe und legt die Belichtungszeitmarkierungen für verschiedene Verschlusstypen sowie deren Toleranzen fest. Dies ist besonders wertvoll für Hersteller und Entwickler von Kameras, da es klare Richtlinien zur Verfügung stellt, die die Qualität und Konsistenz von Verschlüssen garantieren. Ein wesentlicher Stärke der ISO 516:2019 liegt in der Definition der Eigenschaften aller Arten von mechanischen Verschlüssen, die in Fotokameras montiert sind und somit die Steuerung von Belichtung, Bewegungsstoppfähigkeit und Synchronisation mit einem Blitzlicht beeinflussen. Diese klaren Definitionen helfen dabei, die Leistung von Verschlüssen zuverlässig zu beurteilen und sicherzustellen, dass sie die erwarteten Ergebnisse liefern. Zudem definiert die Norm tolerierbare Werte, die als Zielwerte für die Leistung von Verschlüssen angesehen werden, was für die Qualitätskontrolle von entscheidender Bedeutung ist. Es ist wichtig zu beachten, dass diese Toleranzen nicht als allgemeiner Prüfstandard zur Kontrolle der Leistung von mechanischen Verschlüssen gedacht sind, da sie je nach Ausstattungsmerkmal und Preisklasse der getesteten Kamera variieren können. Die in der Norm beschriebenen Testmethoden für die routinemäßige Fertigungsprüfung und die Qualitätskontrolle sind zudem ein erheblicher Vorteil. Sie ermöglichen eine standardisierte Überprüfung der Verschlussmechanismen, auch wenn die Testmethoden den Zugang zur Fokalebene der Kamera erfordern, was bedeutet, dass sie nicht auf montierte digitale Fotokameras angewendet werden können. Insgesamt bietet die ISO 516:2019 eine klare und umfassende Grundlage für die Entwicklung und Fertigung mechanischer Verschlüsse in Fotokameras und stellt sicher, dass diese den erforderlichen Standards entsprechen, der Präzision und Konsistenz. Damit bleibt die Norm von zentraler Bedeutung für die gesamte Branche der Kameratechnologie.
ISO 516:2019は、静止画カメラに使用されるあらゆるタイプのシャッターの露出時間を決定するための統一基準を提供する重要な文書です。この規格は、シャッターに関連する用語の明確な定義を示し、露出時間のマーキングとその公差を具体的に定めています。これにより、カメラ製造者やユーザーは、シャッター性能を正確に理解し、評価するための共通の基盤を持つことができます。 この規格の強みは、機械式シャッターの特性が詳細に定義されている点です。これには、露出制御、モーションストッピング能力、フォトフラッシュ光源との同期といった重要な要素が含まれ、静止画カメラのパフォーマンスに大きな影響を与えます。さらに、指定された公差は、良好な結果が期待できるシャッター性能の目標値を示しており、写真撮影における精度と信頼性を確保します。 また、接続部やテスト方法も規定されており、定期的な製造テストや品質管理に利用できるようになっています。ただし、デジタル静止カメラの組み立て済み機器には適用できない点には注意が必要です。このように、ISO 516:2019はシャッターの測定と性能評価に関する基準Documentationとして、その重要性と関連性を兼ね備えています。
La norme ISO 516:2019 constitue un cadre de référence essentiel pour la détermination des temps d'exposition des obturateurs utilisés dans les appareils photo reflex. Son champ d'application est clairement défini et englobe toutes les catégories d'obturateurs, offrant ainsi une définition uniforme des termes pertinents qui facilite la communication et l'harmonisation au sein de l'industrie. L'un des points forts de cette norme réside dans le fait qu'elle spécifie de manière précise les marquages de temps d'exposition pour tous les types d'obturateurs, ce qui assure une compréhension claire et une utilisation cohérente dans le processus de prise de vue. De plus, les tolérances indiquées pour les performances des obturateurs offrent des valeurs cibles qui permettent de garantir des résultats satisfaisants, renforçant la fiabilité des dispositifs photographiques. La norme aborde également les caractéristiques des obturateurs mécaniques, déterminant leur influence sur le contrôle de l'exposition, leur capacité à stopper le mouvement et leur synchronisation avec des sources de lumière de flash. Cette approche holistique est primordiale pour les fabricants et les utilisateurs d'appareils photo, car elle permet d'assurer une qualité de capture d'image optimale. Il est important de noter que les méthodes d'essai décrites pour le contrôle de qualité et les tests de fabrication routine exigent un accès au plan focal de l'appareil photo, ce qui limite leur application aux appareils photo assemblés non numériques. Cela souligne la nécessité d'adapter les pratiques de test en fonction des spécificités des produits, une caractéristique précieuse qui favorise une production de haute qualité. Ainsi, la norme ISO 516:2019 représente un outil pertinent et pertinent pour l'industrie de la photographie, en garantissant que les obturateurs utilisés dans les appareils photo respectent des critères de performance clairs et cohérents, contribuant ainsi à l'amélioration continue des produits photographiques.
The ISO 516:2019 standard, titled "Camera shutters - Timing - General definition and mechanical shutter measurements," presents a comprehensive framework focused on the exposure times of various shutter types used in still photography. This document serves as a crucial resource for manufacturers and quality control personnel tasked with shutter performance evaluation. One of the strengths of ISO 516:2019 lies in its provision of standardized terminology and definitions applicable to different kinds of camera shutters, thereby promoting consistency in the industry. This uniformity ensures that all stakeholders have a clear understanding of the exposure-time markings and tolerances, which are pivotal for achieving desired photographic results. Moreover, the standard details the characteristics of mechanical shutters that impact critical functions such as exposure control and motion-stopping ability, as well as synchronization with photoflash systems. By specifying target values for these performance indicators, the standard affords manufacturers a guideline for delivering high-quality results in their products. The emphasis on tolerances tailored to different feature and price classes of cameras reflects a nuanced understanding of market diversity, allowing for flexibility in application without compromising quality standards. The standard's relevance is further reinforced by its inclusion of test methods aimed at routine manufacturing testing and quality assurance. Although the requirement for access to the focal plane limits the application of these tests in the context of fully assembled digital cameras, it nonetheless offers a practical approach for evaluating mechanical shutter performance in various manufacturing settings. In summary, ISO 516:2019 not only sets a benchmark for mechanical shutter measurements but also aligns with the needs of the evolving camera industry. Its focus on standardized definitions, performance tolerances, and testing protocols renders it indispensable for ensuring high-quality outcomes in the production and assessment of camera shutters.
ISO 516:2019は、静止カメラに使用されるすべてのタイプのシャッターの露出時間を決定するための統一基準を提供する文書です。この標準は、シャッターに関連する術語の適切な定義を含んでおり、露出時間の表示やそれに伴う公差を明確に規定しています。また、静止カメラに取り付けられ、露出の制御、モーションストッピング能力、フォトフラッシュ光源との同期に影響を与えるすべてのタイプの機械式シャッターの特性についても詳細に定義されています。 ISO 516:2019の強みは、シャッターの性能に対する期待される目標値として指定された公差にあります。この公差は、一般的な検査基準として機械式シャッターの性能を管理するためには意図されていませんが、特定のカメラの特性や価格クラスに応じて可変であることが考慮されています。製造時のルーチンテストや品質管理のための試験方法も示されており、これにより製造プロセスにおけるシャッターの信頼性が向上します。 なお、これらの試験方法はカメラの焦点面にアクセスする必要があるため、組み立て済みのデジタル静止カメラには適用できませんが、アナログまたは別の形式のシャッターに対する重要な参考基準を提供しています。この文書は、静止カメラにおけるシャッターの性能標準化において、業界の標準を確立する上で極めて重要な役割を果たしています。ISO 516:2019は、カメラメーカーやデザイナーにとって、シャッター技術の品質向上を図るための基盤を提供しています。
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