ISO 19156:2023
(Main)Geographic information — Observations, measurements and samples
Geographic information — Observations, measurements and samples
This document defines a conceptual schema for observations, for features involved in the observation process, and for features involved in sampling when making observations. These provide models for the exchange of information describing observation acts and their results, both within and between different scientific and technical communities. Observations commonly involve sampling of an ultimate feature-of-interest. This document defines a common set of sample types according to their spatial, material (for ex situ observations) or statistical nature. The schema includes relationships between sample features (sub-sampling, derived samples). This document concerns only externally visible interfaces and places no restriction on the underlying implementations other than what is needed to satisfy the interface specifications in the actual situation.
Information géographique — Observations, mesures et échantillons
Le présent document définit un schéma conceptuel pour les observations, pour les entités impliquées dans le processus d'observation et pour les entités impliquées dans l'échantillonnage des données dans le cadre des observations. Celles-ci fournissent des modèles destinés à l'échange d'informations décrivant les faits observés et leurs résultats, aussi bien entre les différentes communautés scientifiques et techniques qu'en leur sein. En général, les observations impliquent l'échantillonnage d'une entité concernée finale. Le présent document définit un ensemble commun de types d'échantillons en fonction de leur nature spatiale matérielle (pour les observations ex-situ) ou statistique. Ce schéma comprend les relations entre les entités d'échantillonnage (sous-échantillonnage, échantillons dérivés). Le présent document ne concerne que les interfaces visibles de l'extérieur et ne place aucune restriction quant aux implémentations sous-jacentes, autres que celles nécessaires pour satisfaire aux spécifications relatives aux interfaces dans le contexte actuel.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 26-Apr-2023
- Technical Committee
- ISO/TC 211 - Geographic information/Geomatics
- Drafting Committee
- ISO/TC 211/WG 9 - Information management
- Current Stage
- 6060 - International Standard published
- Start Date
- 27-Apr-2023
- Due Date
- 26-Jan-2023
- Completion Date
- 27-Apr-2023
Relations
- Consolidates
EN ISO 19156:2023 - Geographic information - Observations, measurements and samples (ISO 19156:2023) - Effective Date
- 12-Feb-2026
- Effective Date
- 04-Dec-2021
Overview
ISO 19156:2023 - Geographic information - Observations, measurements and samples defines a conceptual schema for describing observation acts, their results, and the sampling processes used to produce them. The standard provides interoperable models for exchanging observation and sampling information across scientific and technical communities. It addresses externally visible interfaces and imposes no restrictions on internal implementations beyond what is needed to satisfy those interfaces.
Keywords: ISO 19156:2023, observations measurements samples, geographic information, observation schema, sampling, feature-of-interest, observable property, data exchange, interoperability.
Key topics and technical requirements
- Conceptual observation schema: Models the structure of an Observation, including attributes such as phenomenonTime, resultTime, validTime, and associations like featureOfInterest, observedProperty, procedure, observer, and result.
- Result types and units: Defines acceptable result types for observations and constraints (e.g., unit of measure considerations) to support consistent interpretation.
- Sample model: Specifies sample features and a common set of sample types by spatial, material (ex situ), or statistical nature; includes relationships such as sub-sampling and derived samples.
- Alignment and model consistency: Guidance on aligning Observation, Sample and domain models to ensure consistent semantics between features-of-interest and samples.
- Packaging and conformance: Defines UML package structure, conformance classes, and requirements classes to support implementers and conformance testing.
- Interfaces and constraints: Focus on externally visible interfaces, association semantics (e.g., relatedObservation), and constraints for observable properties and suitable result types.
Practical applications and who uses it
ISO 19156:2023 is used by organizations that need interoperable, semantically clear descriptions of observations and samples:
- GIS and remote sensing system designers implementing observation data models
- Environmental and earth scientists documenting measurements and sampling procedures
- Sensor manufacturers and IoT platform developers standardizing observation outputs
- Data architects, catalog managers and metadata specialists enabling data exchange and discovery
- Smart city, meteorological, hydrological and biodiversity information systems requiring consistent observation semantics
Use cases include sensor data interoperability, laboratory sample tracking (ex situ), environmental monitoring networks, and cross-domain scientific data sharing.
Related standards (if applicable)
- Other ISO geographic information standards in the ISO 191xx family address metadata, referencing and encoding practices that complement ISO 19156 for full interoperability and data governance.
ISO 19156:2023 is essential for anyone building interoperable observation and sampling workflows, enabling consistent measurement description, reliable data exchange, and improved cross-domain data reuse.
ISO 19156:2023 - Geographic information — Observations, measurements and samples Released:27. 04. 2023
ISO 19156:2023 - Information géographique — Observations, mesures et échantillons Released:6/22/2023
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Frequently Asked Questions
ISO 19156:2023 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Its full title is "Geographic information — Observations, measurements and samples". This standard covers: This document defines a conceptual schema for observations, for features involved in the observation process, and for features involved in sampling when making observations. These provide models for the exchange of information describing observation acts and their results, both within and between different scientific and technical communities. Observations commonly involve sampling of an ultimate feature-of-interest. This document defines a common set of sample types according to their spatial, material (for ex situ observations) or statistical nature. The schema includes relationships between sample features (sub-sampling, derived samples). This document concerns only externally visible interfaces and places no restriction on the underlying implementations other than what is needed to satisfy the interface specifications in the actual situation.
This document defines a conceptual schema for observations, for features involved in the observation process, and for features involved in sampling when making observations. These provide models for the exchange of information describing observation acts and their results, both within and between different scientific and technical communities. Observations commonly involve sampling of an ultimate feature-of-interest. This document defines a common set of sample types according to their spatial, material (for ex situ observations) or statistical nature. The schema includes relationships between sample features (sub-sampling, derived samples). This document concerns only externally visible interfaces and places no restriction on the underlying implementations other than what is needed to satisfy the interface specifications in the actual situation.
ISO 19156:2023 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 35.240.70 - IT applications in science. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ISO 19156:2023 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to EN ISO 19156:2023, ISO 19156:2011. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ISO 19156:2023 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 19156
Second edition
2023-04
Geographic information —
Observations, measurements and
samples
Information géographique — Observations, mesures et échantillons
Reference number
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .ix
Introduction .x
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Document conventions .5
4.1 Abbreviated terms and acronyms . 5
4.2 Schema language . 5
4.3 Model element names . 6
4.4 Requirements and recommendations . 6
4.5 Requirements classes . 7
4.6 Conformance classes . 7
4.7 Identifiers . 8
4.8 Associations in UML context diagrams . 8
5 Conformance . 8
5.1 Overview . 8
5.2 Conformance classes . 9
6 Packaging, requirements and dependencies.11
6.1 Requirements . 11
6.2 UML .12
6.2.1 UML package structure .12
6.2.2 UML package dependencies .12
6.3 Note on the use of "Any" . 14
7 Fundamental characteristics of observations and samples (informative) .14
7.1 Observation schema . . . 14
7.1.1 Property evaluation . 14
7.1.2 Observation .15
7.1.3 Properties of an Observation . 15
7.1.4 Observation location . 16
7.1.5 Result types . 16
7.1.6 Use of the observation model . 16
7.2 Sample schema . 17
7.2.1 Role of sample features . 17
7.2.2 Proximate vs. ultimate feature-of-interest . 17
7.2.3 Role of samples. 18
7.2.4 Sampling process . 18
7.2.5 Classification of samples . 19
7.3 Alignment between Observation, Sample and domain models. 19
7.3.1 Model consistency . 19
7.3.2 Relationship between Sample and domain features .22
8 Conceptual Observation schema.25
8.1 General . 25
8.1.1 Conceptual Observation model . 25
8.1.2 Conceptual Observation schema package Requirements Class .26
8.1.3 Association relatedObservation . 26
8.2 Observation . 27
8.2.1 Observation Requirements Class . 27
8.2.2 Interface Observation . 27
8.2.3 Attribute phenomenonTime .28
8.2.4 Attribute resultTime.28
8.2.5 Attribute validTime .28
iii
8.2.6 Association featureOfInterest .29
8.2.7 Association observedProperty .29
8.2.8 Association result .29
8.2.9 Association observingProcedure .30
8.2.10 Association observer .30
8.2.11 Association host .30
8.2.12 Constraint Observer or Host .30
8.2.13 Constraint ObservableProperty characteristic associated with
featureOfInterest .30
8.2.14 Constraint suitable ObservableProperty .30
8.2.15 Constraint suitable result type.30
8.2.16 Constraint unit of measure . 31
8.3 ObservableProperty . 31
8.3.1 ObservableProperty Requirements Class . 31
8.3.2 Interface ObservableProperty . 31
8.3.3 Association observer . 32
8.4 Procedure . 32
8.4.1 Procedure Requirements Class . 32
8.4.2 Interface Procedure . 32
8.5 ObservingProcedure . 32
8.5.1 ObservingProcedure Requirements Class . 32
8.5.2 Interface ObservingProcedure . 32
8.5.3 Association observer .33
8.6 Observer . 33
8.6.1 Observer Requirements Class . 33
8.6.2 Interface Observer .33
8.6.3 Association observableProperty.34
8.6.4 Association observingProcedure .34
8.6.5 Association deployment .34
8.7 Host .34
8.7.1 Host Requirements Class .34
8.7.2 Interface Host .34
8.7.3 Association deployment . 35
8.7.4 Association relatedHost . 35
8.8 Deployment . 35
8.8.1 Deployment Requirements Class . 35
8.8.2 Interface Deployment . 35
8.8.3 Association observer .35
8.8.4 Association host . 35
9 Abstract Observation Core .36
9.1 General .36
9.1.1 Abstract Observation Core Package Requirements Class .36
9.1.2 Association metadata . 36
9.2 AbstractObservationCharacteristics . 36
9.2.1 AbstractObservationCharacteristics Requirements Class .36
9.2.2 Feature type AbstractObservationCharacteristics .38
9.2.3 Attribute observationType . 39
9.2.4 Attribute parameter .39
9.2.5 Attribute resultQuality . 39
9.2.6 Association proximateFeatureOfInterest .40
9.2.7 Association ultimateFeatureOfInterest .40
9.2.8 Association collection . 41
9.3 AbstractObservation . 41
9.3.1 AbstractObservation Requirements Class . 41
9.3.2 Constraint observationType . 42
9.3.3 Constraint resultTime instant . 42
9.3.4 Constraint parameter unique name . 42
9.3.5 Constraint proximate or ultimate featureOfInterest. . 42
iv
9.3.6 Constraint Observer or Host . 42
9.3.7 Constraint ObservableProperty characteristic associated with
featureOfInterest . 42
9.3.8 Constraint suitable ObservableProperty . 42
9.3.9 Constraint suitable result type. 42
9.4 AbstractObservableProperty . 42
9.4.1 AbstractObservableProperty Requirements Class . 42
9.5 AbstractObservingProcedure . 43
9.5.1 AbstractObservingProcedure Requirements Class . 43
9.6 AbstractObserver . 45
9.6.1 AbstractObserver Requirements Class . 45
9.7 AbstractHost .46
9.7.1 AbstractHost Requirements Class .46
9.8 AbstractDeployment . 47
9.8.1 AbstractDeployment Requirements Class . 47
9.8.2 Attribute deploymentReason .48
9.8.3 Attribute deploymentTime .49
9.9 AbstractObservationCollection .49
9.9.1 AbstractObservationCollection Requirements Class .49
9.9.2 Feature type AbstractObservationCollection .50
9.9.3 Attribute collectionType .50
9.9.4 Association member . 51
9.9.5 Association memberCharacteristics . 51
9.9.6 Association relatedCollection . 51
9.10 NamedValue . 51
9.10.1 NamedValue Requirements Class . 51
9.10.2 Data type NamedValue . 51
9.10.3 Attribute name . 51
9.10.4 Attribute value . 52
9.11 Codelists . 52
9.11.1 AbstractObservationType . 52
9.11.2 AbstractObservationCollectionType . 52
10 Basic Observations .52
10.1 General . 52
10.1.1 Basic Observations Package Requirements Class . 52
10.1.2 Attribute link .53
10.1.3 Attribute location . 53
10.2 Observation .53
10.2.1 Observation Requirements Class . 53
10.3 ObservationCharacteristics . 55
10.3.1 ObservationCharacteristics Requirements Class . 55
10.4 ObservationCollection .55
10.4.1 ObservationCollection Requirements Class . 55
10.5 ObservingCapability . 55
10.5.1 ObservingCapability Requirements Class . 55
10.5.2 Feature type ObservingCapability . 57
10.6 ObservableProperty .58
10.6.1 ObservableProperty Requirements Class .58
10.7 ObservingProcedure . 59
10.7.1 ObservingProcedure Requirements Class . 59
10.8 Observer . 61
10.8.1 Observer Requirements Class . 61
10.9 Host . 62
10.9.1 Host Requirements Class . 62
10.10 Deployment .65
10.10.1 Deployment Requirements Class .65
10.11 GenericDomainFeature .66
10.11.1 GenericDomainFeature Requirements Class .66
v
10.11.2 Feature type GenericDomainFeature . 69
10.12 Codelists .69
10.12.1 ObservationCollectionType . 69
10.12.2 ObservationTypeByResultType . 71
11 Conceptual Sample schema .72
11.1 General .72
11.1.1 Conceptual Sample schema model .72
11.1.2 Conceptual Sample Schema package Requirements Class .73
11.2 Sample .74
11.2.1 Sample Requirements Class .74
11.2.2 Interface Sample .74
11.2.3 Association sampling.74
11.2.4 Association preparationStep . 75
11.2.5 Association sampledFeature . 75
11.2.6 Association relatedSample . 75
11.3 Sampling . 75
11.3.1 Sampling Requirements Class . 75
11.3.2 Interface Sampling . 76
11.3.3 Association sample . 76
11.3.4 Association featureOfInterest . 76
11.3.5 Association sampler . 76
11.3.6 Association samplingProcedure.77
11.3.7 Association relatedSampling .77
11.4 Sampler.77
11.4.1 Sampler Requirements Class .77
11.4.2 Interface Sampler.77
11.4.3 Association sampling.77
11.4.4 Association implementedProcedure . 78
11.5 PreparationStep . 78
11.5.1 PreparationStep Requirements Class . 78
11.5.2 Interface PreparationStep . 78
11.5.3 Association processingDetails . 78
11.5.4 Association preparedSample . 78
11.6 PreparationProcedure . 78
11.6.1 PreparationProcedure Requirements Class . 78
11.6.2 Interface PreparationProcedure . 79
11.6.3 Association samplePreparationStep. 79
11.7 SamplingProcedure . 79
11.7.1 SamplingProcedure Requirements Class . 79
11.7.2 Interface SamplingProcedure . 79
11.7.3 Association sampling.79
11.7.4 Association sampler .80
12 Abstract Sample Core .80
12.1 General .80
12.1.1 Abstract Sample Core Package Requirements .80
12.2 AbstractSample .80
12.2.1 AbstractSample Requirements Class .80
12.2.2 Attribute sampleType . .82
12.2.3 Attribute parameter .82
12.3 AbstractSampling .82
12.3.1 AbstractSampling Requirements Class .82
12.3.2 Attribute samplingLocation .83
12.3.3 Attribute time .83
12.3.4 Attribute parameter .83
12.4 AbstractSampler .84
12.4.1 AbstractSampler Requirements Class .84
12.4.2 Attribute samplerType .85
vi
12.5 AbstractSamplingProcedure .86
12.5.1 AbstractSamplingProcedure Requirements Class .86
12.6 AbstractPreparationProcedure .87
12.6.1 AbstractPreparationProcedure Requirements Class .87
12.7 AbstractPreparationStep .88
12.7.1 AbstractPreparationStep Requirements Class .88
12.7.2 Attribute description .89
12.7.3 Attribute time .89
12.8 Codelists .89
12.8.1 AbstractSampleType .89
12.8.2 AbstractSamplerType . . .89
13 Basic Samples .90
13.1 General .90
13.1.1 Basic Samples Package Requirements Class .90
13.2 Sample .90
13.2.1 Sample Requirements Class .90
13.3 SpatialSample . 92
13.3.1 SpatialSample Requirements Class. 92
13.3.2 Feature type SpatialSample . 92
13.3.3 Attribute shape . 92
13.3.4 Attribute horizontalPositionalAccuracy . 93
13.3.5 Attribute verticalPositionalAccuracy . 93
13.4 MaterialSample . 93
13.4.1 MaterialSample Requirements Class. 93
13.4.2 Feature type MaterialSample . 93
13.4.3 Attribute size .
...
NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 19156
Deuxième édition
2023-04
Information géographique —
Observations, mesures et échantillons
Geographic information — Observations, measurements and samples
Numéro de référence
DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT
© ISO 2023
Tous droits réservés. Sauf prescription différente ou nécessité dans le contexte de sa mise en œuvre, aucune partie de cette
publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique,
y compris la photocopie, ou la diffusion sur l’internet ou sur un intranet, sans autorisation écrite préalable. Une autorisation peut
être demandée à l’ISO à l’adresse ci-après ou au comité membre de l’ISO dans le pays du demandeur.
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CH-1214 Vernier, Genève
Tél.: +41 22 749 01 11
E-mail: copyright@iso.org
Web: www.iso.org
Publié en Suisse
ii
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .ix
Introduction .x
1 Domaine d'application .1
2 Références normatives .1
3 Termes et définitions . 1
4 Conventions relatives aux documents . 5
4.1 Abréviations et acronymes . 5
4.2 Langage de schéma . 6
4.3 Noms des éléments du modèle . 6
4.4 Exigences et recommandations . 6
4.5 Classes d'exigences . 7
4.6 Classes de conformité . 8
4.7 Identifiants . 8
4.8 Associations dans des diagrammes de contexte UML. 9
5 Conformité . 9
5.1 Vue d'ensemble . 9
5.2 Classes de conformité . . 9
6 Paquets, exigences et dépendances .12
6.1 Exigences .12
6.2 UML .13
6.2.1 Structure du paquet UML . 13
6.2.2 Dépendances du paquet UML . 14
6.3 Note sur l'utilisation de «Any» . 15
7 Caractéristiques fondamentales des observations et des échantillons (informatif) .16
7.1 Schéma d'Observation . 16
7.1.1 Évaluation des propriétés . 16
7.1.2 Observation . 16
7.1.3 Propriétés d'une Observation . 17
7.1.4 Localisation d'une Observation . 17
7.1.5 Types de résultat . 18
7.1.6 Utilisation du modèle d'observation . 18
7.2 Schéma Sample . 18
7.2.1 Rôle des entités d'échantillon . 18
7.2.2 Entité concernée intermédiaire et entité concernée finale. 19
7.2.3 Rôle des échantillons . 20
7.2.4 Processus d'échantillonnage . 20
7.2.5 Classification des échantillons . 21
7.3 Alignement entre modèles d'Observation, de Sample et de domaine . 21
7.3.1 Cohérence avec le modèle . 21
7.3.2 Relation entre entités Sample et entités de domaine . 24
8 Schéma Conceptual Observation .27
8.1 Généralités . 27
8.1.1 Modèle Conceptual Observation . 27
8.1.2 Classe d'Exigences du paquet schéma Conceptual Observation .28
8.1.3 Association relatedObservation .28
8.2 Observation .29
8.2.1 Classes d'Exigences Observation .29
8.2.2 Interface Observation .29
8.2.3 Attribut phenomenonTime .30
8.2.4 Attribut resultTime. 30
8.2.5 Attribut validTime .30
iii
8.2.6 Association featureOfInterest . 31
8.2.7 Association observedProperty . 31
8.2.8 Association result . 31
8.2.9 Association observingProcedure . 32
8.2.10 Association observer . 32
8.2.11 Association host . 32
8.2.12 Contrainte Observer ou Host . 32
8.2.13 Contrainte caractéristique ObservableProperty associée à featureOfInterest . 32
8.2.14 Contrainte ObservableProperty adaptée . 32
8.2.15 Contrainte type de résultat adapté . 33
8.2.16 Contrainte unité de mesure . 33
8.3 ObservableProperty .33
8.3.1 Classe d'Exigences ObservableProperty . 33
8.3.2 Interface ObservableProperty . 33
8.3.3 Association observer .34
8.4 Procedure .34
8.4.1 Classe d'Exigences Procedure .34
8.4.2 Interface Procedure .34
8.5 ObservingProcedure .34
8.5.1 Classe d'Exigences ObservingProcedure .34
8.5.2 Interface ObservingProcedure . 35
8.5.3 Association observer . 35
8.6 Observer . 35
8.6.1 Classes d'Exigences Observer . 35
8.6.2 Interface Observer .36
8.6.3 Association observableProperty.36
8.6.4 Association observingProcedure .36
8.6.5 Association deployment .36
8.7 Host . 37
8.7.1 Classe d'Exigences Host . 37
8.7.2 Interface Host . 37
8.7.3 Association deployment . 37
8.7.4 Association relatedHost . 37
8.8 Deployment . 37
8.8.1 Classe d'Exigences Deployment . 37
8.8.2 Interface Deployment .38
8.8.3 Association observer .38
8.8.4 Association host .38
9 Abstract Observation Core .38
9.1 Généralités .38
9.1.1 Classe d'Exigences du Paquet Abstract Observation Core .38
9.1.2 Association metadata . 39
9.2 AbstractObservationCharacteristics . 39
9.2.1 Classe d'Exigences AbstractObservationCharacteristics .39
9.2.2 Type d'entité AbstractObservationCharacteristics . .40
9.2.3 Attribut observationType . 41
9.2.4 Attribut parameter . 41
9.2.5 Attribut resultQuality . 42
9.2.6 Association proximateFeatureOfInterest . 42
9.2.7 Association ultimateFeatureOfInterest . 42
9.2.8 Association collection . 43
9.3 AbstractObservation . 43
9.3.1 Classe d'Exigences AbstractObservation . 43
9.3.2 Contrainte observationType .44
9.3.3 Contrainte resultTime instant .44
9.3.4 Contrainte parameter unique name .44
9.3.5 Contrainte proximate ou ultimate featureOfInterest .44
9.3.6 Contrainte Observer ou Host .44
iv
9.3.7 Contrainte caractéristique ObservableProperty associée à featureOfInterest .44
9.3.8 Contrainte ObservableProperty adaptée .44
9.3.9 Contrainte type de result adapté . 45
9.4 AbstractObservableProperty . 45
9.4.1 Classe d'Exigences AbstractObservableProperty . 45
9.5 AbstractObservingProcedure .46
9.5.1 Classe d'Exigences AbstractObservingProcedure .46
9.6 AbstractObserver . 47
9.6.1 Classe d'Exigences AbstractObserver . 47
9.7 AbstractHost .49
9.7.1 Classe d'Exigences AbstractHost .49
9.8 AbstractDeployment . 50
9.8.1 Classe d'Exigences AbstractDeployment .50
9.8.2 Attribut deploymentReason . 51
9.8.3 Attribut deploymentTime . 52
9.9 AbstractObservationCollection . 52
9.9.1 Classe d'Exigences AbstractObservationCollection . 52
9.9.2 Type d'entité AbstractObservationCollection .53
9.9.3 Attribut collectionType . .53
9.9.4 Association member .54
9.9.5 Association memberCharacteristics .54
9.9.6 Association relatedCollection .54
9.10 NamedValue .54
9.10.1 Classe d'Exigences NamedValue .54
9.10.2 Type de données NamedValue .54
9.10.3 Nom de l'attribut . . .55
9.10.4 Attribut value .55
9.11 Listes de codes . 55
9.11.1 AbstractObservationType . 55
9.11.2 AbstractObservationCollectionType . 55
10 Basic Observations .56
10.1 Généralités .56
10.1.1 Classe d'Exigences du Paquet Basic Observations .56
10.1.2 Attribut link .56
10.1.3 Attribut location .56
10.2 Observation . 57
10.2.1 Classes d'Exigences Observation . 57
10.3 ObservationCharacteristics . 59
10.3.1 Classe d'Exigences ObservationCharacteristics . . 59
10.4 ObservationCollection . 59
10.4.1 Classe d'Exigences ObservationCollection . 59
10.5 ObservingCapability . 59
10.5.1 Classe d'Exigences ObservingCapability . 59
10.5.2 Type d'entité ObservingCapability . 61
10.6 ObservableProperty . 62
10.6.1 Classes d'Exigences ObservableProperty . 62
10.7 ObservingProcedure .64
10.7.1 Classe d'Exigences ObservingProcedure .64
10.8 Observer .65
10.8.1 Classes d'Exigences Observer .65
10.9 Host .68
10.9.1 Classe d'Exigences Host .68
10.10 Deployment . 70
10.10.1 Classe d'Exigences Deployment . 70
10.11 GenericDomainFeature .72
10.11.1 Classe d'Exigences GenericDomainFeature .72
10.11.2 Type d'entité GenericDomainFeature .74
10.12 Listes de codes .74
v
10.12.1 ObservationCollectionType .74
10.12.2 ObservationTypeByResultType . 76
11 Schéma Conceptual Sample .78
11.1 Généralités . 78
11.1.1 Modèle du schéma Conceptual Sample . 78
11.1.2 Classe d'Exigences du paquet schéma Conceptual Sample .79
11.2 Sample . 79
11.2.1 Classe d'Exigences Sample . . 79
11.2.2 Interface Sample .79
11.2.3 Association sampling.80
11.2.4 Association preparationStep .80
11.2.5 Association sampledFeature .80
11.2.6 Association relatedSample .80
11.3 Sampling . 81
11.3.1 Classe d'Exigences Sampling .81
11.3.2 Interface Sampling . 81
11.3.3 Association sample . 81
11.3.4 Association featureOfInterest .82
11.3.5 Association sampler .82
11.3.6 Association samplingProcedure.82
11.3.7 Association relatedSampling .82
11.4 Sampler.82
11.4.1 Classe d'Exigences Sampler .82
11.4.2 Interface Sampler.83
11.4.3 Association sampling.83
11.4.4 Association implementedProcedure .83
11.5 PreparationStep .83
11.5.1 Classe d'Exigences PreparationStep .83
11.5.2 Interface PreparationStep .83
11.5.3 Association processingDetails .84
11.5.4 Association preparedSample .84
11.6 PreparationProcedure .84
11.6.1 Classe d'Exigences PreparationProcedure .84
11.6.2 Interface PreparationProcedure .84
11.6.3 Association samplePreparationStep.84
11.7 SamplingProcedure .85
11.7.1 Classe d'Exigences SamplingProcedure .85
11.7.2 Interface SamplingProcedure .85
11.7.3 Association sampling.85
11.7.4 Association sampler .85
12 Abstract Sample Core .85
12.1 Généralités .85
12.1.1 Exigences du Paquet Abstract Sample Core .85
12.2 AbstractSample .86
12.2.1 Classe d'Exigences AbstractSample .86
12.2.2 Attribut sampleType . .88
12.2.3 Attribut parameter .88
12.3 AbstractSampling .88
12.3.1 Classe d'Exigences AbstractSampling .88
12.3.2 Attribut samplingLocation .89
12.3.3 Attribut time .89
12.3.4 Attribut parameter .89
12.4 AbstractSampler .90
12.4.1 Classe d'Exigences AbstractSampler .90
12.4.2 Attribut samplerType . 91
12.5 AbstractSamplingProcedure .92
12.5.1 Classe d'Exigences AbstractSamplingProcedure . 92
vi
12.6 AbstractPreparationProcedure .93
12.6.1 Classe d'Exigences AbstractPreparationProcedure .93
12.7 AbstractPreparationStep .95
12.7.1 Classe d'Exigences AbstractPreparationStep . 95
12.7.2 Attribut description .95
12.7.3 Attribut time . 95
12.8 Listes de codes . 95
12.8.1 AbstractSampleType . 95
12.8.2 AbstractSamplerType . . .95
13 Basic Samples .96
13.1 Généralités .96
13.1.1 Classe d'Exigences du Paquet Basic Samples .96
13.2 Sample . 96
13.2.1 Classe d'Exigences Sample . .96
13.3 SpatialSample .98
13.3.1 Classe d'Exigences SpatialSample .98
13.3.2 Type d'entité SpatialSample .98
13.3.3 Attribut shape .98
13.3.4 Attribut horizontalPositionalAccuracy .99
13.3.5 Attribut verticalPositionalAccuracy .99
13.4 MaterialSample .99
13.4.1 Classe d'Exigences MaterialSample .99
13.4.2 Type d'entité MaterialSample .99
13.4.3 Attribut size .100
13.4.4 Attribut storageLocation .100
13.4.5 Attribut sourceLocation .
...
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