ISO 9098-2:2023

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 9098-2
Second edition
2023-05
Bunk beds and high beds — Safety
requirements and tests —
Part 2:
Test methods
Lits superposés et lits hauts — Exigences de sécurité et essais —
Partie 2: Méthodes d'essai
Reference number
© ISO 2023
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Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 General test requirements . 1
4.1 Preliminary preparation . 1
4.2 Application of forces . 2
4.3 Tolerances . 2
5 Test apparatus .2
5.1 General . 2
5.2 Test probes . 2
5.2.1 Finger probes with hemispherical end . 2
5.2.2 Shape assessment probe. 3
5.2.3 Other probes . 3
5.3 Bed base impactor . 4
5.3.1 Circular body . 4
5.3.2 Springs . 5
5.3.3 Striking surface . 5
5.4 Loading pads . 5
5.5 Test mattress . . 5
5.5.1 General . 5
5.5.2 Usage . 6
5.6 Test mass . 6
5.7 Stops . 6
5.8 Floor surface . 6
5.9 Tread impactor . 6
5.10 Template for V-shaped openings. 7
5.11 Foam . 8
6 Test procedures . 8
6.1 Inspection before testing . 8
6.2 Inspection of product . 8
6.3 Measurement . 9
6.3.1 Holes, gaps and openings . 9
6.3.2 V and irregular shaped holes, gaps and openings . 9
6.4 Strength and durability tests . 11
6.4.1 Positioning of the bed . 11
6.4.2 Test of bed base and safety barrier. 11
6.4.3 Test of the safety barriers around bed . 13
6.4.4 Durability test of frame and fastenings . 14
6.4.5 Test of means of access . 15
6.4.6 Test of platforms, and platform barriers . 17
6.5 Stability test . 18
6.6 Fastening of the upper bed to the lower bed . 18
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
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expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by ISO/TC 136, Furniture.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 9098-2:1994), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— modification of the title;
— expansion of the scope;
— increase of apparatus and test procedures;
— revision of general test requirements and test report.
A list of all parts in the ISO 9098 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 9098-2:2023(E)
Bunk beds and high beds — Safety requirements and
tests —
Part 2:
Test methods
1 Scope
This document specifies test methods for the safety, strength and durability of bunk beds and high
beds for domestic and non-domestic use.
The tests apply to beds with an internal length greater than 1 400 mm and a maximum bed base width
of 1 200 mm, and with the upper surface of a bed base 600 mm or more above the floor.
The tests are designed to be applied to a bed that is fully assembled and ready for use.
The applicable safety requirements are given in ISO 9098-1:2023.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 2439, Flexible cellular polymeric materials — Determination of hardness (indentation technique)
ISO 9098-1:2023, Bunk beds and high beds — Safety requirements and tests — Part 1: Safety requirements
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
4 General test requirements
4.1 Preliminary preparation
Unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer, the test item shall be stored in indoor ambient
conditions for at least 24 h immediately prior to testing.
The sample shall be tested as delivered. Knock-down beds shall be assembled according to the
manufacturer’s instructions. If the instructions allow the bed to be assembled or combined in different
ways, the most adverse combination shall be used for each test. Knock-down fittings shall be tightened
before testing. Further tightening shall not take place unless specifically required by the manufacturer.
If the configuration shall be changed to produce the worst-case conditions, this shall be recorded in the
test report.
The test shall be carried out in indoor ambient conditions at a temperature between 15 °C and 27 °C. If,
during a test, the temperature falls outside of the range of 15 °C to 27 °C, the maximum and/or minimum
temperature shall be recorded in the test report.
The tests shall be carried out on the same sample and follow the order of the clauses in ISO 9098-1:2023.
If a test cannot be carried out as specified in this document, e.g. because a loading pad cannot be used
for the application of a force due to the design of the product, the test can be carried out as closely as
possible to the specified procedure. Any modification to the test method shall be technically justified
and recorded in the test report.
4.2 Application of forces
The test forces in durability and static load tests shall be applied sufficiently slowly to ensure that
negligible dynamic load is applied.
The forces in durability tests shall be applied sufficiently slowly to ensure that kinetic heating does not
occur.
Unless otherwise specified, static loads shall be maintained for (10 ± 2) s. Unless otherwise specified,
durability loads shall be applied for (2 ± 1) s.
The forces may be replaced by masses. The relationship of 10 N = 1 kg shall be used.
4.3 Tolerances
Unless otherwise stated, the following tolerances are applicable to the test equipment:
— forces shall have an accuracy of ±5 % of the nominal force;
— masses shall have an accuracy of ±1 % of the nominal mass;
— dimensions less than 200 mm shall have an accuracy of ±1 mm of the nominal dimension;
— other dimensions shall have an accuracy of ±0,5 % of the nominal dimension;
— angles shall have an accuracy of ±2° of the nominal angle.
The tolerance for the positioning of loading pads shall be ±5 mm.
NOTE For the purposes of uncertainty of measurement, test results are not considered to be adversely
affected when the above tolerances are met.
5 Test apparatus
5.1 General
The test forces may, unless otherwise stated, be applied by any suitable device because results are
dependent only upon correctly applied forces and loads, and not upon the apparatus.
The equipment shall be capable of following the deformation of the unit/component during testing so
that the loads are always applied at specified points and in specified directions.
5.2 Test probes
5.2.1 Finger probes with hemispherical end
Probes with hemispherical ends made of plastic or other hard, smooth material, mounted on a force-
measuring device, see Figure 1.
Key
1 hemispherical end
2 line around circumference
+0,1 +0,1
∅7 mm and ∅12 mm
0 0
Figure 1 — Finger probe with hemispherical end
5.2.2 Shape assessment probe
Probe made of plastics or other hard smooth materials with the dimensions shown in Figure 2.
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
A side view
B top view
C end view
Figure 2 — Shape assessment probe
5.2.3 Other probes
Probes with the ends at an angle of 30° ± 0,5° made of plastic or other hard, smooth material each with
+0,1 +0,1 0
a diameter (25 ) mm, (60 ) mm and (75 ) mm with rounded or conical ends, see Figure 3.
0 0
−01,
Figure 3 — Other probes
5.3 Bed base impactor
The bed base impactor shall be as shown in Figure 4 and comprised of the following:
Key
1 joint of lifting device not inhibiting free fall
Figure 4 — Bed base impacter
5.3.1 Circular body
The circular body is 200 mm in diameter separated from the striking surface by helical compression
springs and free to move relative to it on a line perpendicular to the plane of the central area of the
striking surface.
The body and associated parts minus the springs shall have a mass of (17 ± 0,1) kg and the whole
apparatus, including mass, springs and striking surface, shall have a mass of (25 ± 0,1) kg.
5.3.2 Springs
Springs shall be such that the nominal spring rate
...