ISO 14649-17:2020

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 14649-17
First edition
2020-03
Industrial automation systems and
integration — Physical device control
— Data model for computerized
numerical controllers —
Part 17:
Process data for additive
manufacturing
Systèmes d'automatisation industrielle et intégration — Commande
des dispositifs physiques — Modèle de données pour les contrôleurs
numériques informatisés —
Partie 17: Données de processus pour la fabrication additive
Reference number
ISO 14649-17:2020(E)
©
ISO 2020

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ISO 14649-17:2020(E)

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© ISO 2020
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ISO 14649-17:2020(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 General process data . 2
4.1 General . 2
4.2 Header and references . 2
4.3 General types and definitions . 2
4.3.1 Measure units . 2
4.4 Additive manufacturing entities . 2
4.4.1 AM workpiece . 2
4.4.2 AM workingstep . 3
4.4.3 AM feature . 3
4.4.4 AM compound feature . 3
4.4.5 AM simple feature . 3
4.4.6 AM gradient feature . 4
4.4.7 AM heterogeneous feature . 6
4.4.8 AM heterogeneous atom . 7
4.4.9 AM machine functions. 7
4.4.10 AM operation . 7
4.4.11 AM twoD operation. 8
4.4.12 AM oneD operation . 8
4.4.13 AM construction . 9
4.4.14 AM solid . 9
4.4.15 AM infill . 9
4.4.16 AM patterns . 9
4.5 End of schema . 9
Annex A (informative) EXPRESS expanded listing .10
Bibliography .12
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ISO 14649-17:2020(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 184, Automation systems and integration,
Subcommittee SC 1, Physical device control.
A list of all parts in the ISO 14649 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
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ISO 14649-17:2020(E)

Introduction
Modern manufacturing enterprises are built from facilities spread around the globe, which contain
equipment from hundreds of different manufacturers. Immense volumes of product information
need to be transferred between the various facilities and machines. Today’s digital communications
standards have solved the problem of reliably transferring information across global networks. For
mechanical parts, the description of product data has been standardized by ISO 10303. This leads
to the possibility of using standard data throughout the entire process chain in the manufacturing
enterprise. Impediments to realising this principle are the data formats used at the machine level. Most
computer numerical control (CNC) machines are programmed in the ISO 6983 “G and M code” language.
Programmes are typically generated by computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) systems that use
computer-aided design (CAD) information. However, ISO 6983 limits programme portability for three
reasons. Firstly, the language focuses on programming the tool centre path with respect to machine
axes, rather than the machining process with respect to the part. Secondly, ISO 6983 defines the syntax
of programme statements, but in most cases leaves the semantics ambiguous. Thirdly, vendors usually
supplement the language with extensions that are not covered in the limited scope of ISO 6983.
ISO 14649 is a new model of data transfer between CAD/CAM systems and CNC machines, which replaces
ISO 6983. It remedies the shortcomings of ISO 6983 by specifying machining processes rather than
machine tool motion, using the object-oriented concept of workingsteps. Workingsteps correspond to
high-level machining features and associated process parameters. CNCs are responsible for translating
workingsteps to axis motion and tool operation. A major benefit of ISO 14649 is its use of existing data
models from ISO 10303. As ISO 14649 provides a comprehensive model of the manufacturing process, it
can also be used as the basis for a bi- and multi-directional data exchange between all other information
technology systems.
ISO 14649 represents an object-oriented, information- and context-preserving approach for NC-
programming that supersedes data reduction to simple switching instructions or linear and circular
movements. As it is object- and feature-oriented and describes the machining operations executed
on the workpiece, and not machine-dependent axis motions, it will be running on different machine
tools or controllers. This compatibility will spare all data adaptations by postprocessors, if the new
data model is correctly implemented on the NC-controllers. If old NC programmes in ISO 6983 are to
be used on such controllers, the corresponding interpreters need to be able to process the different NC
programme types in parallel.
A gradual evolution is envisioned from ISO 6983 programming to portable feature-based programming.
Early adopters of ISO 14649 will certainly support data input of legacy “G and M codes” manually or
through programmes, just as modern controllers support both command-line interfaces and graphical
user interfaces. This will likely be made easier as open-architecture controllers become more
prevalent. ISO 14649 does not include legacy programme statements, which would otherwise dilute its
effectiveness.
This document extends the suite of processes covered by ISO 14649 for physical device control. The data
model focuses on device control and expression of requirements for the results of the additive process
rather than technology specific constructs. For the shape of the manufactured part, ISO 14649 takes the
exact geometry to be made and avoids the necessity of the user having to decide on an approximation
without necessarily knowing the precision and details of the process. The exact geometry is also
important when additive manufacturing is used together with other processes in order to avoid having
multiple representations of the same shape.
This document differentiates between explicit data and derived data. Support structures, for example,
depend on the shape and process and need to be derived when the process and the machine are
chosen in order to achieve maximum flexibility. The workingstep structure is sufficiently flexible to
allow support structures to be added explicitly, if they are required. Assemblies can be described with
different elements, with different materials, in different workingsteps. Additive manufacturing can be
sequential or parallel and there is the possibility to define explicit parallel features.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14649-17:2020(E)
Industrial automation systems and integration — Physical
device control — Data model for computerized numerical
controllers —
Part 17:
Process data for additive manufacturing
1 Scope
This document specifies the process data for additive manufacturing. This document describes additive
manufacturing at the micro process plan level without making a commitment to particular machines,
processes or technologies.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 14649-1:2003, Industrial automation systems and integration — Physical device control — Data
model for computerized numerical controllers — Part 1: Overview and fundamental principles
ISO 14649-10:2004, Industrial automation systems and integration — Physical device control — Data
model for computerized numerical controllers — Part 10: General process data
ISO 14649-11:2004, Industrial automation systems and integration — Physical device control — Data
model for computerized numerical controllers — Part 11: Process data for milling
ISO 10303-242, Industrial automation systems and integration — Product data representation and
exchange — Part 242: Application protocol: Managed model-based 3D engineering
ISO/ASTM 52900, Additive manufacturing — General principles — Terminology
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 14649-1, ISO 14649-10,
ISO 14649-11, ISO 10303-242, ISO/ASTM 52900 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
feature
geometric entity of a workpiece which has semantic significance
Note 1 to entry: In the context of ISO 14649, manufacturing features are used.
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ISO 14649-17:2020(E)

4 General process data
4.1 General
The full schema is given in EXPRESS format in Annex A.
4.2 Header and references
The following listing gives the header and the list of entities which are referenced within this schema.
SCHEMA additive_manufacturing_schema;

REFERENCE FROM geometry_schema (*ISO10303-42e3*)
(axis2_placement_3d, direction, elementary_surface);

REFERENCE FROM aic_advanced_brep (*ISO10303-514*)
(advanced_brep_shape_representation);

REFERENCE FROM mathematical_function_schema (*ISO10303-50*)
(function_application);

REFERENCE FROM measure_schema (* ISO10303-41e3 *)
(length_measure);

REFERENCE FROM presentation_resource_schema (*ISO10303-46e3*)
(colour);

REFERENCE FROM machining_schema (* ISO 14649-10 *)
(in_process_geometry, machine_functions, manufacturing_feature, material, operation,
property_parameter, workpiece, workingstep);

REFERENCE FROM milling_schema (* ISO 14649-11 *)
(approach_retract_strategy);
4.3 General types and definitions
4.3.1 Measure units
The types of units supported by ISO 14649 are SI units as well as derived or conversion-based units as
defined in ISO 10303-41. If no units are given, the following units are assumed:
length_measure millimetres [mm].
4.4 Additive manufacturing entities
The additive manufacturing entities were developed to support both users and machine operators
by providing information at a high level. Additive manufacturing is defined in ISO/ASTM 52900. The
additive processes include both processes which make a part or parts from nothing and those processes,
such as cladding, which can be used to add to existing parts. The information model caters for single,
graded and heterogenous materials and colours and an arbitrary base geometry on which the part is
built. The entities in the descriptions define what is to be made so that the detailed control information
for the processes can be derived from that. In this way, both legacy machines and new machines are
supported.
4.4.1 AM workpiece
The AM workpiece is a description of a volumetric element to be made. The AM workpiece structure
can be quite complex depending on the shape of this element. With some processes there can also be a
base part onto which material is added. It is also possible that AM workpieces are added onto other AM
workpieces (using the inherited its_raw_piece attribute), creating a manufacturing hierarchy.
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ISO 14649-17:2020(E)

ENTITY am_workpiece                      (* m1 *)
SUBTYPE OF (workpiece);
END_ENTITY;
4.4.2 AM workingstep
In order to incorporate additive operations within a workplan and also to enable hybrid manufacturing,
the entity AM_workingstep is defined as a subtype of workingstep to contain the information required
for an atomic transformation in the additive build process. Using the workpiece geometry allows the
exact geometry of the part to be defined, with no approximations like those in ISO/ASTM 52915 being
necessary.
ENTITY am_workingstep                     (* m1 *)
SUBTYPE OF (workingstep);
its_effect:         OPTIONAL in_process_geometry;
its
...