IEC 62343-2:2014

IEC 62343-2 ®
Edition 2.0 2014-07
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Dynamic modules –
Part 2: Reliability qualification

Modules dynamiques –
Partie 2: Qualification de fiabilité

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form

or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or

your local IEC member National Committee for further information.

Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite
ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie

et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'IEC ou du Comité national de l'IEC du pays du demandeur. Si vous avez des

questions sur le copyright de l'IEC ou si vous désirez obtenir des droits supplémentaires sur cette publication, utilisez
les coordonnées ci-après ou contactez le Comité national de l'IEC de votre pays de résidence.

IEC Central Office Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
3, rue de Varembé Fax: +41 22 919 03 00
CH-1211 Geneva 20 info@iec.ch
Switzerland www.iec.ch
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.

About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published.

IEC Catalogue - webstore.iec.ch/catalogue Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
The stand-alone application for consulting the entire The world's leading online dictionary of electronic and
bibliographical information on IEC International Standards, electrical terms containing more than 30 000 terms and
Technical Specifications, Technical Reports and other definitions in English and French, with equivalent terms in 14
documents. Available for PC, Mac OS, Android Tablets and additional languages. Also known as the International
iPad. Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) online.

IEC publications search - www.iec.ch/searchpub IEC Glossary - std.iec.ch/glossary
The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a More than 55 000 electrotechnical terminology entries in
variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical English and French extracted from the Terms and Definitions
committee,…). It also gives information on projects, replaced clause of IEC publications issued since 2002. Some entries
and withdrawn publications. have been collected from earlier publications of IEC TC 37,

77, 86 and CISPR.
IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published IEC Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc
details all new publications released. Available online and If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or
also once a month by email. need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service
Centre: csc@iec.ch.
A propos de l'IEC
La Commission Electrotechnique Internationale (IEC) est la première organisation mondiale qui élabore et publie des
Normes internationales pour tout ce qui a trait à l'électricité, à l'électronique et aux technologies apparentées.

A propos des publications IEC
Le contenu technique des publications IEC est constamment revu. Veuillez vous assurer que vous possédez l’édition la
plus récente, un corrigendum ou amendement peut avoir été publié.

Catalogue IEC - webstore.iec.ch/catalogue Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
Application autonome pour consulter tous les renseignements
Le premier dictionnaire en ligne de termes électroniques et
bibliographiques sur les Normes internationales,
électriques. Il contient plus de 30 000 termes et définitions en
Spécifications techniques, Rapports techniques et autres
anglais et en français, ainsi que les termes équivalents dans
documents de l'IEC. Disponible pour PC, Mac OS, tablettes
14 langues additionnelles. Egalement appelé Vocabulaire
Android et iPad.
Electrotechnique International (IEV) en ligne.

Recherche de publications IEC - www.iec.ch/searchpub
Glossaire IEC - std.iec.ch/glossary
Plus de 55 000 entrées terminologiques électrotechniques, en
La recherche avancée permet de trouver des publications IEC
en utilisant différents critères (numéro de référence, texte, anglais et en français, extraites des articles Termes et
comité d’études,…). Elle donne aussi des informations sur les Définitions des publications IEC parues depuis 2002. Plus
projets et les publications remplacées ou retirées. certaines entrées antérieures extraites des publications des

CE 37, 77, 86 et CISPR de l'IEC.
IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished

Service Clients - webstore.iec.ch/csc
Restez informé sur les nouvelles publications IEC. Just
Published détaille les nouvelles publications parues. Si vous désirez nous donner des commentaires sur cette
Disponible en ligne et aussi une fois par mois par email. publication ou si vous avez des questions contactez-nous:
csc@iec.ch.
IEC 62343-2 ®
Edition 2.0 2014-07
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Dynamic modules –
Part 2: Reliability qualification

Modules dynamiques –
Partie 2: Qualification de fiabilité

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
CODE PRIX S
ICS 33.180 ISBN 978-2-8322-1799-3

– 2 – IEC 62343-2:2014 © IEC 2014

CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3

1 Scope . 5

2 Normative references . 5

3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations . 6

3.1 Terms and definitions . 6

3.2 Abbreviated terms . 6

4 Reliability qualification considerations . 7

4.1 General . 7
4.2 General consideration approach . 7
4.3 DM product design . 7
5 Reliability qualification requirements. 7
5.1 General . 7
5.2 Demonstration of product quality . 8
5.3 Testing responsibilities . 8
5.4 Tests . 9
5.4.1 Thorough characterization . 9
5.4.2 Reliability qualification of components, parts and interconnections . 9
5.4.3 Reliability qualification of DM assembly process . 9
5.4.4 Reliability qualification of the Design 1 DM . 9
5.4.5 Reliability qualification of the Design 2 DM . 11
5.4.6 Pass/fail criteria . 13
5.5 Reliability assessment procedure . 13
5.5.1 Analysis of reliability results . 13
5.5.2 Reliability calculations . 13
5.5.3 Reliability qualification test methods . 14
6 Guidance – FMEA and qualification-by-similarity . 14
Annex A (informative)  Reliability test items and their conditions . 16
A.1 General . 16
A.2 Mechanical environment tests . 16
A.3 Temperature and humidity environmental tests . 17
A.4 Electromagnetic compatibility tests . 17
A.5 Fibre integrity tests . 18

Bibliography . 20

Table 1 – Minimum list for tests required on Design 1 DMs . 10
Table 2 – Minimum list for tests required on Design 2 DMs . 12
Table 3 – Failure rate of parts . 14
Table 4 – Relevant list of IEC reliability test methods for optical components . 14
Table A.1 – Mechanical environmental tests and severity . 16
Table A.2 – Temperature and humidity tests and severity . 17
Table A.3 – Electromagnetic compatibility test items and their severities . 18
Table A.4 – Fibre integrity test items and their severities . 19

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION

____________
DYNAMIC MODULES –
Part 2: Reliability qualification

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

International Standard IEC 62343-2 has been prepared by subcommittee 86C: Fibre optic
systems and active devices, of IEC technical committee 86: Fibre optics.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2011 and constitutes a
technical revision. The main change with respect to the previous edition is the addition of
Annex A (informative), Reliability test items and their conditions.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
CDV Report on voting
86C/1185/CDV 86C/1248/RVC
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.

– 4 – IEC 62343-2:2014 © IEC 2014

This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

A list of all parts in the IEC 62343 series, published under the general title Dynamic modules,

can be found on the IEC website.

The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until

the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data

related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be

• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
DYNAMIC MODULES –
Part 2: Reliability qualification

1 Scope
This part of IEC 62343 applies to dynamic modules and devices (DMs) which are

commercially available. Examples are tuneable chromatic dispersion compensators,
wavelength selective switches and optical channel monitors.
Optical amplifiers are not included in this list, but are treated in IEC 61291-5-2.
For reliability qualification purposes, some information about the internal components, parts
and interconnections is needed; these internal parts are treated as black boxes. This standard
gives requirements for the evaluation of DM reliability by combining the reliability of such
internal black boxes.
The objectives of this standard are the following:
• to specify the requirements for the reliability qualification of DMs;
• to give the minimum list of reliability qualification tests, requirements on failure criteria
during testing and on reliability predictions, and give the relevant normative references.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 61300-2-1, Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components – Basic test and
measurement procedures – Part 2-1: Tests – Vibration (sinusoidal)
IEC 61300-2-4, Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components – Basic test and
measurement procedures – Part 2-4: Tests – Fibre/cable retention
IEC 61300-2-12, Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components – Basic test

and measurement procedures – Part 2-12: Tests – Impact
IEC 62005-9-1, Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components – Reliability –
Part 9-1: Qualification of passive optical components
IEC 62005-9-2, Reliability of fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive optical
components – Part 9-2: Reliability qualification for single fibre optic connector sets – Single
mode
IEC 62572 (all parts), Fibre optic active components and devices – Reliability standards
ISO 9000: Quality management systems – Fundamentals and vocabulary
___________
To be published.
– 6 – IEC 62343-2:2014 © IEC 2014

3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations

3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

3.1.1
failure
non-compliance to product specification or change in parameters as set by the standard or

agreed by the customer and supplier

3.1.2
qualification
commonly used as the abbreviation for reliability qualification
Note 1 to entry: It is used as a formal testing to determine whether or not the product is suitable for telecom
applications and, therefore, “pass or fail” is the expected outcome
Note 2 to entry: This is different from a reliability test, which is in nature a reliability “engineering test”. Reliability
tests are designed to understand the reliability consideration or estimate the reliability of the product. Pass or fail is
not the main output.
3.1.3
reliability
< time period > minimum period of DM continuous operation without failure at specified
operating and environmental conditions
3.1.4
probability to perform required functions at specified operating and
environmental conditions
Note 1 to entry: The reliability of a DM is expressed by either of the following two parameters: mean time between
failure (MTBF) and failures in time (FIT):
• the MTBF is the mean period of DM continuous operation without any failure at specified operating and
environmental conditions;
• the FIT is the number of failures expected in 10 device-hours at specified operating and environmental
conditions.
3.2 Abbreviated terms
DM  dynamic module
DS  detail specification
ESD electrostatic discharge
FIT  failure in time
FMEA failure mode and effects analysis
LCD liquid crystal device
MTBF mean time between failure
RH  relative humidity
UCL upper confidence level
VOA variable optical attenuators

4 Reliability qualification considerations

4.1 General
Since DMs are relatively new products in the commercial market and involve different

technologies, the requirements included in this standard will need to be reviewed as

technology progresses.
4.2 General consideration approach

It is worth emphasizing the fundamental approach of reliability qualification adopted in this

standard:
a) Any parts that can be effectively qualified on their individual levels shall be qualified at
that level. Their qualification shall be based on IEC standards or other industrial
standards in the absence of such IEC standards.
b) The qualification tests required at DM level shall be based on the degradation
mechanisms and failure modes that cannot be effectively detected in the lower part levels.
At the DM level, the qualification tests shall not attempt to discover or identify those
degradation mechanisms and failure modes that can be discovered in the lower assembly
levels than the final product level. For example, if all parts in the DM can be effectively
tested for damp heat-accelerated degradations, there is no need to repeat the damp heat
test at the DM level.
4.3 DM product design
A DM is an assembly of various components, parts and interconnections. There are two basic
designs in the current commercial DM market:
a) Design 1: parts (as a general term that includes components, parts and interconnections
used to build a DM from the of point of view of this standard) are packaged separately.
Their packages are usually either hermetic or moisture-resistant. They are integrated into
a housing (usually non-hermetic or not moisture-resistant).
b) Design 2: some parts used in DMs are unpackaged basic optical elements (e.g. crystals,
lenses, mirrors, etc.). These parts cannot be effectively qualified by themselves. These
parts/elements are integrated and packaged inside a hermetic box or moisture-resistant
box.
In Design 1, the individual parts can be tested and qualified individually and therefore, the DM
qualification does not have to repeat the tests that are performed in the part levels for the
same degradation mechanisms and failure modes.
In Design 2, the DM qualification is again focused on the tests that cannot be effectively

performed in the lower assembly levels (i.e., the basic part level). However, in this case there
are usually more tests required since the parts cannot be effectively tested at the part level
individually.
Due to the differences in the designs, and therefore different mechanisms and failure modes,
different qualification test approaches have to be developed separately. They are described in
5.4.4 for Design 1 and 5.4.5 for Design 2, respectively.
5 Reliability qualification requirements
5.1 General
For the purpose of this standard, each internal component, part and interconnection shall be
treated as a black box. It is also important to point out that the parts in the DM of this design
include the fibre splicing, fibre routing and fibre anchoring, as well as how the fibre exits from
the housing and how parts are mounted.

– 8 – IEC 62343-2:2014 © IEC 2014

This standard is based on the assumption that the reliability of a DM can be evaluated with

sufficient confidence from the FIT rates of its internal black boxes when the assembly process

of the constituents has been qualified.

There are degradation and failures not due to part failures. An example is the fibre routing

and fibre holders. The quality and reliability of the assembling, for example fibre routing, shall

be assessed and qualified through the process evaluation and qualification. The procedures

to qualify the assembly process are described in 5.4.3.

The internal black boxes often constituting a DM are listed below:

• passive optical components, including patch cords, pigtails, connectors and splices;
• active optical components;
• electronics, including PCBs, electrical connectors, etc.
• others (e.g. fibre splicing, fibre routing and fibre anchoring, as well as how the fibre exits
from the housing and how components are mounted).
The DM manufacturers shall declare the number and type of the internal black boxes
constituting the DM and give the failure rates (in FITs) for each black box.
The DM failure rate shall be calculated by suitably combining the failure rates in FITs of its
black boxes, as described in the 5.5.2. The model and assumptions used in DM failure rate
calculation shall be provided and justified for review, if the DM manufacturer has so requested.
5.2 Demonstration of product quality
Since the reliability qualification tests are performed on a limited number of units, it is
essential to have a quality management system in place to assure that the quality of all units
is consistent. Testing on a limited number of samples will be representative of the production
units to be delivered after the qualification is completed.
This standard (where required by the detailed specification) specifies the minimum mandatory
requirements to assess reliability qualification of a DM and is intended to be part of a total DM
reliability program and quality management system developed and implemented by the DM
manufacturer.
The DM manufacturer shall demonstrate:
• a documented and audited manufacturing process, including the reliability qualification of
purchased parts, in accordance with ISO 9000;
• performance data of production units shall be available for review, and its distribution shall

show processes are under adequate controls;
• a reliability qualification programme, including, for example, accelerated life testing, burn-
in and screening of parts and DMs;
• a reliability qualification maintenance programme to ensure continuity of qualification
status (this can be achieved by means of periodic reliability qualification tests of the
product or similar products);
• a procedure to ensure an appropriate feedback to development and production on
reliability issues.
5.3 Testing responsibilities
The DM manufacturer is responsible for performing reliability qualification testing.
The testing detailed in this standard shall be performed by the DM manufacturer. Additional
testing may be specified in the detailed specification.

5.4 Tests
5.4.1 Thorough characterization

A thorough characterization of the product for its performance (may be beyond those in the
performance specifications) and overall operating conditions (may be beyond those in the

operating condition specifications) shall be performed. The data shall be collected and

analysed (minimal for the mean and standard deviation), and be available for review.

5.4.2 Reliability qualification of components, parts and interconnections

All components, parts, and interconnections used to build DMs shall be qualified according to

the appropriate IEC standards for each of them. The components may include, but are not
limited to, variable optical attenuators (VOAs), taps/splitters, detectors, isolators, circulators,
electronic components, splicing connections (including the packaging or re-coating), crystals,
mirrors, prisms, etc.
If the IEC standards for the parts are under development or not yet available, the IEC
standards for parts of similar failure modes and degradation mechanisms should be adopted.
An analysis of similarity of failure modes and degradation mechanisms shall be provided to
support the approach.
Considerations shall be given to designs that use many pieces of same parts. The failure
rates of such parts may significantly contribute to the overall system failure rate or downtime.
The cumulative degradation from individual parts should also be investigated. The results may
require tests on additional samples or more stringent failure definitions.
Additionally, the pass/fail criteria of the part qualification shall be thoroughly examined to
determine whether or not the part qualification is adequate. For an example, if several 1x2
taps are used in a series design, not only the failure rate but also the degradation is multiplied
(i.e. 0,5 dB pass/fail criterion is multiplied), which may not be acceptable. The pass/fail
criterion of the parts commonly defined as 0,5 dB changes in insertion loss is much too loose
for the needs of a product such as a DM. The assessment of tighter criteria shall be carried
out and the qualification status justified.
5.4.3 Reliability qualification of DM assembly process
Fibre routing and component mounting are both important module assembling processes, and
they can be significant failure rate contributors if they are not done properly. Their designs
and processes shall be thoroughly documented and tested. Any changes shall be supported
by adequate experiment data.
If the fibre routing is thoroughly documented and controlled (e.g. through performance

measurements before and after routing) and the final DM is qualified, the fibre routing process
can be considered as a qualified process and can be used in other similar products to
produce a product that is claimed to be qualified by similarity.
5.4.4 Reliability qualification of the Design 1 DM
As described in 5.1 for Design 1, parts (components used to build a DM) are packaged
separately. Their packages are usually either hermetic or moisture-resistant. They are
integrated into a housing (usually non-hermetic or not moisture-resistant).
A reliability qualification procedure related to the complete DMs is described in Table 1. It
gives the minimum list of tests to be performed on DMs in order to assure reliability.
For the tests, no failures are allowed. The tests can be performed sequentially or in parallel.
For “operational” tests, relevant parameters should be monitored during the test.

– 10 – IEC 62343-2:2014 © IEC 2014

On the basis of the reliability assurance required for the reliability tests for the DM internal

black boxes, the sampling level is generally low (for example a few samples for each DM

type).
In some specific cases the use of adhesives in the DM can be considered as a critical process

and shall require separate qualification. Depending on the possible function of the adhesive

(mechanical anchoring, splice protection, index matching, etc.), the different failure modes

shall be addressed and supported by reliability/qualification data.

The main point in the reliability qualification of the Design 1 DMs is to ensure that the

reliability of each part is not degraded in the manufacturing process used.

Table 1 – Minimum list for tests required on Design 1 DMs
Test Condition Duration Samples
Active high temperature aging 85 °C 2 000 h 3
T /T
op, min op, max
Operational temperature cycling 100 cycles 3
>1 °C/min
100 mm height drop for
a
Drop (impact) <10 kg, 75 mm drop for 10 See table below 3
kg − 25 kg
Non-operational
mechanical test
10 Hz to 55Hz, 1,52 mm,
b
Vibration 2 h per direction 3
1 octave/min
c
Pull 5/10/100 N See table below 3
400 m/s , 5ms for
+/- z-axis,
200 m/s , 5ms for
d
Operational shock 3 times/direction 3
+/- x-axis,
100 m/s , 5 ms for
+/- y-axis
50 Hz to 500 Hz,
20 m/s for z-axis,
d
Operational vibration 2 sweeps/direction 3
10 m/s for x-axis,
5 m/s for y-axis
NOTE A reference to the temperature cycle test method is provided in Clause A.3.
a
Mechanical test: Impact (drop) (IEC 61300-2-12 for drop)
Mass Drop height
kg mm
0 to < 10 100
10 to < 25 75
b
Mechanical test: vibration(sinusoidal, IEC 61300-2-1).
c
Pigtail testing (pull test). The first figure in each row is the outer diameter of the buffered or cabled fibre to
which the specified test conditions apply.
2 mm: 20 N to100 N, 3 times, 5 s pulls
Cable
retention 900 µm 10 N, 3 times, 5 s pulls IEC 61300-2-4
(pull)
250 µm: 5 N, 3 times, 5 s pulls
d
The directions of the x, y and z axes are defined by mounting direction to a board in a equipment (x-axis: the
direction which is according to the front and back of the board to be mounted when the board is installed in a
piece of equipment; y-axis: the direction which is according to the gravity (up and down) of the board to be
mounted when the board is installed in a piece of equipment; z-axis: the direction which is perpendicular to
the board to be mounted.) If a tester cannot define the mounting direction, the test shall be carried out in the
most severe conditions for all directions.

It is essential that the evaluated DMs are entirely representative of standard production and

have passed all the production procedures and/or specified (where applicable in the DS) burn-

in and screening procedures.
Aspects of the test conditions not provided in the present standard are given in the relevant

detail specifications.
5.4.5 Reliability qualification of the Design 2 DM

A reliability qualification procedure related to design 2 DMs is described in Table 2. In this DM

design, Design 2, not all parts can be effectively tested by themselves (see 4.3). Therefore,

many of the long-term environmental tests can only be effectively tested and qualified in the
DM final product assembly level.
For the test, no failures are allowed. The tests can be performed sequentially or in parallel.
For “operational” tests, relevant parameters should be monitored during the test.
For example, some of the parts may have been qualified by the damp heat test but others
may not pass the damp heat test as required for telecommunications applications. Therefore,
the DM units with all the parts assembled shall be tested in damp heat conditions. This may
seem redundant, but it is necessary.

– 12 – IEC 62343-2:2014 © IEC 2014

Table 2 – Minimum list for tests required on Design 2 DMs

Test Condition Duration Samples

Active high temperature aging 85 °C 2 000 h 3

T /T
op, min op, max
Operational temperature cycling 100 cycles 3

>1 °C/min
a
Damp heat 85 °C/85 % RH 500 h 3

100 mm height drop for
b
Drop (impact) <10 kg, and 75 mm drop See table below 3

for 10 kg – 25 kg
Non-operational
mechanical test 10 Hz to 55 Hz,
c
Vibration 2 h per direction 3
1,52mm,1 octave/min
d
Pull 5/10/100 N See table below 3
400 m/s , 5ms for
± z-axis,
200 m/s , 5ms for
e
Operational shock 3 times/direction 3
± x-axis,
100 m/s , 5ms for
± y-axis
50 Hz to 500 Hz,
20 m/s for z-axis
e
Operational vibration 2 sweeps/direction 3
10 m/s for x-axis
5 m/s for y-axis
Hermeticity (checked before and after
∆T = 100 °C 15 cycles
liquid-to-liquid thermal shock)
dummy box
NOTE A reference to the temperature cycle test method is provided in Clause A.3.
a
Damp heat: the damp heat test at 85 °C/85 % RH for 100 h has been advocated by some manufacturers.
These test conditions may be used. Otherwise, the damp heat test at 40 °C/93 % RH for a much longer
duration may be used with the actual duration to be determined by the acceleration factor.
b
Mechanical test: impact (IEC 61300-2-12).
Mass Drop height
kg mm
0 to <10
10 to <25 75
c
Mechanical test: vibration (sinusoidal, IEC 61300-2-1).
d
Pigtail testing (pull test). The first figure in each row is the outer diameter of the buffered or cabled fibre to
which the specified test conditions do apply.
2 mm: 20 N to100 N, 3 times, 5 s pulls

Cable
retention 900 µm: 10 N, 3 times, 5 s pulls IEC 61300-2-4
(pull)
250 µm: 5 N, 3 times, 5 s pulls
e
The direction of the x, y and z axes are defined by mounting direction to a board in a piece of equipment (x-
axis: the direction which is according to the front and back of the board to be mounted when the board is
installed in a piece of equipment; y-axis: the direction which is according to the gravity (up and down) of the
board to be mounted when the board is installed in a piece of equipment; z-axis: the direction which is
perpendicular to the board to be mounted.) If a tester cannot define the mounting direction, the test shall be
done in the most severe conditions for all directions.

It is essential that the evaluated DMs are entirely representative of standard production and
have passed all the production procedures and/or specified (where applicable in the DS) burn-
in and screening procedures.
Aspects of the test conditions not provided in the present standard are given in the relevant
standards.
5.4.6 Pass/fail criteria
It should be noted that the commonly used failure criterion of a drift of higher than 0,5 dB in

insertion loss (IL) is a guideline. For DWDM DMs, such as wavelength blockers, centre

wavelength drift shall be defined as a failure criterion. The actual and practical criteria should

be developed based on the degradation allowed for the expected life of the product. An
example is provided below to illustrate the determination.

EXAMPLE:
• The acceleration factor of the testing condition to the operating condition is 50.

• The beginning-of-life parametric measurement is 1,0 dB below the end-of-life specification.

• Assume the expected life is 20 years.
• Allowed degradation for a 2 000 h testing is: (1,0*50*2 000)/(20*365,25*24) = 0,57 dB.
• Note that IL is not the only parameter considered for pass/fail; other parameters are included.
5.5 Reliability assessment procedure
5.5.1 Analysis of reliability results
The DM customer/SS shall have a procedure to analyse and verify reliability claims of a DM
manufacturer. In particular, the procedure should include the analysis of
• life test data for the complete dynamic module,
• life test data for internal parts,
• environmental test results.
The analysis of results leads to reporting the reliability parameters of the DM for each type of
device or sub-system. Minimum reliability parameters shall be presented as in Table 4 (see
below).
5.5.2 Reliability calculations
A reliability prediction regarding the complete DM is provided by the DM manufacturer, based
on the failure rates (in FIT “failure in time”) of the internal black boxes composed of the DM
(Design 1) or based on the data for the complete DM (Design 2).
The failure rates of the internal black boxes shall be given by the DM manufacturer taking into
account the basic values issued from the cumulated component-hours issued from the
different parts included in DM. The calculations for each internal black box shall be based on
the current standards regarding reliability calculations.

The reliability calculations will also include the wear-out failures. The FIT figures given for
each internal black box shall take into account all expected failure modes.
The FIT figures of the internal black boxes shall be combined to give the failure rate of the
Design 1 DM as explained in Table 3.

– 14 – IEC 62343-2:2014 © IEC 2014

Table 3 – Failure rate of parts

Number of
Element
Measured value (UCL 95 %)
elements
Splice n A FIT (random failure)

2 2
Connector n A FIT (random failure)

3 3
Electronics n A FIT (random failure)

4 4
Active component type 1 n A FIT (random and wear-out failure)

(4+1) (4+1)
Active component type 2 n A FIT (random and wear-out failure)

(4+2) (4+2)
………………………………………… …………………………………………………

Active component type m n A FIT (random and wear-out failure)

(4+m) (4+m)
Other internal component type 1 n A FIT (random failure)

(4+m+1) (4+m+1)
Other internal component type 2 n A FIT (random failure)

(4+m+2) (4+m+2)
…………………………………………  ……………………………….
Other internal component type h n A FIT (random failure)

(4+m+h) (4+m+h)
Passive optical component type 1 n A FIT (random failure)

(4+m+h+1) (4+m+h+1)
Passive optical component type 2 n A FIT (random failure)

(4+m+h+2) (4+m+h+2)
…………………………………………  ……………………………….
Passive optical component type k n A FIT (wear-out failure)

(4+m+h+k) (4+m+h+k)
Fibre routing
Optical component attachment n A FIT
(4+m+h+k) (4+m+h+k)
Any other failure modes identified in
n A FIT
(4+m+h+k) (4+m+h+k)
FMECA
Total failure rate ∑ A *n
i i I
NOTE n is the number of components of each type included in the DM.

i
5.5.3 Reliability qualification test methods
Table 4 shows a list of normative references relevant reliability qualification tests and test
conditions for constituting components used for DMs.
Table 4 – Relevant list of IEC reliability test methods for optical components
Constituting components IEC reference
(reliability qualification document number)

Passive optical components IEC 62005-9-1
Optical connectors IEC TR 62005-9-2
Active optical components IEC series 62572

6 Guidance – FMEA and qualification-by-similarity
It is worth emphasizing that the reliability assessment or qualification tests shall be based on
the degradation mechanisms and failure modes. The appropriate accelerated tests can be
developed once the degradation mechanisms, failure modes, and their acceleration factors
are understood. To begin with, the failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) should be
developed. A set of reliability tests should be planned and conducted as the result of FMEA.
The testing results can be used to develop additional tests or refined tests to better
understand the degradation mechanisms or develop the acceleration models.

Where a range of dynamic modules is produced by a DM manufacturer, there may be some

significant similarity between different type codes. A combination of results from different test

programmes, where appropriate, is therefore permitted.

Consideration should be given to the fact that minor differences in technology or processing

can sometimes have a major impact on reliability, whilst not being apparent during quality

assessment.
As a minimum, FMEA shall be carried out for all varieties of products that are considered

“similar” and claimed to be “qualified” by “similarity”. FMEA shall be carried out thoroughly in

order to be an effective tool to consider “qualified-by-similarity”. Its thoroughness can be

checked against the failure mode analysis (FMA), based on manufacturing drop-out and
customer returns.
Evidence should be presented which demonstrates that all results are directly relevant.

– 16 – IEC 62343-2:2014 © IEC 2014

Annex A
(informative)
Reliability test items and their conditions

A.1 General
This annex provides information on reliability test items and conditions for DMs. The tester

can select reliability test items and conditions by referring to the following.

A.2 Mechanical environment tests
Table A.1 shows the severity of test items for the mechanical environmental tests. For a
dynamic module with moving parts, such as MEMS mirrors, it is strongly recommended to test
operating mechanical shock and vibration. Operating mechanical shock and vibration tests
are carried out by monitoring the performance of dynamic modules during the tests. The
transportation vibration and handling drop test should be carried out as packed modules.
Table A.1 – Mechanical environmental tests and severity
Groups Test items  Severity References
M
...