IEC 62899-402-2:2020

IEC 62899-402-2 ®
Edition 1.0 2020-08
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Printed electronics –
Part 402-2: Printability – Measurement of qualities – Edge waviness
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
your local IEC member National Committee for further information.

IEC Central Office Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
3, rue de Varembé info@iec.ch
CH-1211 Geneva 20 www.iec.ch
Switzerland
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.

About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigendum or an amendment might have been published.

IEC publications search - webstore.iec.ch/advsearchform Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a The world's leading online dictionary on electrotechnology,
variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical containing more than 22 000 terminological entries in English
committee,…). It also gives information on projects, replaced and French, with equivalent terms in 16 additional languages.
and withdrawn publications. Also known as the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary

(IEV) online.
IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published IEC Glossary - std.iec.ch/glossary
details all new publications released. Available online and 67 000 electrotechnical terminology entries in English and
once a month by email. French extracted from the Terms and definitions clause of
IEC publications issued between 2002 and 2015. Some
IEC Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc entries have been collected from earlier publications of IEC
If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or TC 37, 77, 86 and CISPR.

need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service

Centre: sales@iec.ch.
IEC 62899-402-2 ®
Edition 1.0 2020-08
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Printed electronics –
Part 402-2: Printability – Measurement of qualities – Edge waviness

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 31.180 ISBN 978-2-8322-8769-9

– 2 – IEC 62899-402-2:2020 © IEC 2020
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Atmospheric conditions for evaluation and conditioning . 7
5 Measuring methods and instruments . 8
5.1 Image acquisition . 8
5.2 Measuring instrument. 8
5.3 Analysis software . 8
5.4 Preparation of image (specimen) . 9
5.5 Data collection and analysis . 9
5.6 Obtaining edge waviness and related attributes . 12
6 Report of results . 12
6.1 Test identification information . 12
6.2 Instrument specification . 12
6.3 Results . 12
Bibliography . 13

Figure 1 – ROI image of the specimen, and inner edge and test line selection . 9
Figure 2 – Distribution graph of pattern edge waviness . 10
Figure 3 – Distribution graph of pattern edge waviness of the sample with a spike on
the edge . 11
Figure 4 – Distribution graph of pattern edge waviness of the sample with a groove on
the edge . 11

Table 1 – Reporting items (example) . 12

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
PRINTED ELECTRONICS –
Part 402-2: Printability –
Measurement of qualities – Edge waviness

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 62899-402-2 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 119:
Printed Electronics.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
119/310/FDIS 119/317/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this International Standard can be found in
the report on voting indicated in the above table.
This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

– 4 – IEC 62899-402-2:2020 © IEC 2020
A list of all parts in the IEC 62899 series, published under the general title Printed electronics,
can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
INTRODUCTION
This part of IEC 62899-402 describes the measurement methods of printed patterns to
evaluate their printability in the field of printed electronics. Printability is defined as both the
qualities of printed patterns and the reproducibility of printing designs as the interaction result
of printing media, inks and substrates. The qualities of printed patterns are satisfied by
accurate measuring of the printed patterns two- and/or three-dimensionally with mechanical,
physical and optical apparatus. The reproducibility of printing designs is achieved by
estimating the reproducibility of replica. In terms of the business background, the requests
from the industry applying the printing technology to the electronics manufacturing concern
the guarantees of both the quality and reproducibility of printed patterns and printing designs
to facilitate international trade and enhance user value in the field of printed electronics.
This document provides fundamental information on the measurement of printed pattern edge
waviness to evaluate the printability in the field of printed electronics. An assurance of
printability enhances user value of printed electronics and facilitates international trade. This
document includes the measurement procedure, as well as the definition of edge waviness
and related attributes such as average edge, touch edge and distribution edge of edge
waviness, which are quite different from those that appear in the printing of graphic arts or
from etching processes.
This document excludes the standardization of any kind of measurement equipment or system.
It focuses on specifying the properties related to edge waviness of the printed patterns
obtained by an optical measurement system.

– 6 – IEC 62899-402-2:2020 © IEC 2020
PRINTED ELECTRONICS –
Part 402-2: Printability –
Measurement of qualities – Edge waviness

1 Scope
This part of IEC 62899 describes the measurement methods of the edge waviness of printed
patterns in printed electronics.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their
content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition
cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
ISO 291, Plastics – Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
inner edge
line drawn in a tangent to the innermost edge point and parallel to the pattern's centre line
3.2
test line
selected line on a sample pattern edge (parallel to the inner edge) to test the edge waviness
3.3
background gray value
gray value of the line which is in the area without any printed patterns and parallel to the inner
edge
Note 1 to entry: A centre line between two adjacent printed patterns is recommended.
3.4
average edge
1σ edge
distance to the inner edge of a gray ratio of more than 0,68 (single standard deviation in
Gaussian distribution)
3.5
relative gray value
RGV
relative gray value of the line to the background gray value
Note 1 to entry: RGV can be o
...