IEC 62282-3-1:2007

INTERNATIONAL IEC
STANDARD
CEI
62282-3-1
NORME
First edition
INTERNATIONALE
Première édition
2007-04
Fuel cell technologies –
Part 3-1:
Stationary fuel cell power systems –
Safety
Technologies des piles à combustible –
Partie 3-1:
Systèmes à piles à combustible stationnaires –
Sécurité
Reference number
Numéro de référence
IEC/CEI 62282-3-1:2007
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INTERNATIONAL IEC
STANDARD
CEI
62282-3-1
NORME
First edition
INTERNATIONALE
Première édition
2007-04
Fuel cell technologies –
Part 3-1:
Stationary fuel cell power systems –
Safety
Technologies des piles à combustible –
Partie 3-1:
Systèmes à piles à combustible stationnaires –
Sécurité
PRICE CODE
XC
CODE PRIX
Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
International Electrotechnical Commission
МеждународнаяЭлектротехническаяКомиссия
For price, see current catalogue
Pour prix, voir catalogue en vigueur

– 2 – 62282-3-1 © IEC:2007
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.4

1 Scope.6
2 Normative references .8
3 Terms and definitions .11
4 Safety requirements and protective measures .18
4.1 General safety strategy .18
4.2 Physical environment and operating conditions .19
4.3 Selection of materials.21
4.4 General requirements.22
4.5 Pressure equipment and piping .23
4.6 Protection against fire or explosion hazards .25
4.7 Electrical safety.30
4.8 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) .34
4.9 Control systems and protective components.34
4.10 Pneumatic and hydraulic powered equipment .38
4.11 Valves .38
4.12 Rotating equipment .39
4.13 Cabinets.40
4.14 Thermal insulating materials.41
4.15 Utilities.41
4.16 Installation and maintenance .42
5 Type tests .42
5.1 General requirements.42
5.2 Test fuels .44
5.3 Basic test arrangements.44
5.4 Leakage tests.45
5.5 Strength tests.47
5.6 Normal operation type test .49
5.7 Electrical overload test .50
5.8 Dielectric requirements and simulated abnormal conditions.50
5.9 Shutdown parameters.50
5.10 Burner operating characteristics tests.50
5.11 Automatic control of burners and catalytic oxidation reactors.51
5.12 Exhaust gas temperature test.54
5.13 Surface and component temperatures .55
5.14 Wind tests .55
5.15 Rain test.58
5.16 CO emissions.58
5.17 Leakage tests (repeat) .59
6 Routine tests .59
7 Marking, labelling and packaging.60
7.1 General requirements.60
7.2 Fuel cell power system marking.60
7.3 Marking of components .60
7.4 Technical documentation.61

62282-3-1 © IEC:2007 – 3 –
Annex A (informative) Significant hazards, hazardous situations and events dealt with
in this standard .68
Annex B (informative) Carburization and material compatibility for hydrogen service .70
Annex C (normative) Test wall .76
Annex D (normative) Vent test wall .77
Annex E (normative) Piezo ring and details of typical construction.78

Figure 1 – Stationary fuel cell power systems .7
Figure 2 – Safety precautions for odorized gas-fuelled systems .63
Figure 3 – Safety precautions for odorant-free gas fuelled systems .64
Figure 4 – Safety precautions for liquid fuelled systems.64
Figure C.1 – Test wall with static pressure ports and vent terminal locations .76
Figure D.1 – Vent test wall.77
Figure E.1 – Piezo ring and details of typical construction.78

Table 1 – Allowable surface temperatures.22
Table 2 – Wind calibration .56
Table A.1 – Hazardous situations and events .68

– 4 – 62282-3-1 © IEC:2007
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES –
Part 3-1: Stationary fuel cell power systems –
Safety
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 62282-3-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 105:
Fuel cell technologies.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
105/138/FDIS 105/143/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

62282-3-1 © IEC:2007 – 5 –
The list of all the parts of the IEC 62282 series, under the general title Fuel cell technologies,
can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in
the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
– 6 – 62282-3-1 © IEC:2007
FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES –
Part 3-1: Stationary fuel cell power systems –
Safety
1 Scope
This part of IEC 62282 is a product safety standard suitable for conformity assessment as
stated in IEC Guide 104:1997, ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999 and ISO/IEC Guide 7:1994.
This standard applies to stationary packaged, self-contained fuel cell power systems or fuel
cell power systems comprised of factory matched packages of integrated systems which
generate electricity through electrochemical reactions.
This standard applies to:
– systems intended for electrical connection to mains direct, or with a transfer switch, or to a
stand-alone power distribution system;
– systems intended to provide a.c. or d.c. power;
– systems with or without the ability to recover useful heat;
– systems intended for operation on the following input fuels:
a) natural gas and other methane rich gases derived from renewable (biomass) or fossil fuel
sources, for example, landfill gas, digester gas, coal mine gas;
b) fuels derived from oil refining, for example, diesel, gasoline, kerosene, liquefied petroleum
gases such as propane and butane;
c) alcohols, esters, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, Fischer-Tropsch liquids and other suitable
hydrogen-rich organic compounds derived from renewable (biomass) or fossil fuel sources,
for example, methanol, ethanol, di-methyl ether, biodiesel;
d) hydrogen, gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen gas, for example, synthesis gas, town
gas.
This standard does not cover
– portable fuel cell power systems;
– propulsion fuel cell power systems.
A typical stationary fuel cell power system is shown in Figure 1.

62282-3-1 © IEC:2007 – 7 –
Power inputs
Cabinet
electrical thermal
or boundary
Thermal
Recovered
mangement
heat
system
Waste heat
Fuel
Fuel
processing
system
Fuel
Power
cell
conditioning
module
system Useable power
Oxidant electrical
Oxidant
processing
system
Water Internal power
treatment needs
Discharge
Ventilation
system
water
Inert gas
Ventilation
Exhaust gases,
Water Onboard
Automatic
system
ventilation
energy
control
storage
system
EMS EMI
Vibration, Noise
wind, rain vibration
temperature
etc.
IEC  433/07
Figure 1 – Stationary fuel cell power systems

The overall design of the power system anticipated by this standard shall form an assembly of
integrated systems, as necessary, intended to perform designated functions, as follows.
– Fuel processing system: Catalytic or chemical processing equipment plus associated heat
exchangers and controls required to prepare the fuel for utilization within a fuel cell.
– Oxidant processing system: The system that meters, conditions, processes and may
pressurize the incoming supply for use within the fuel cell power system.
– Thermal management system: Provides cooling and heat rejection to maintain thermal
equilibrium within the fuel cell power system, and may provide for the recovery of excess
heat and assist in heating the power train during startup.
– Water treatment system: Provides the treatment and purification of recovered or added
water for use within the fuel cell power systems.
– Power conditioning system: Equipment which is used to adapt the electrical energy
produced to the requirements as specified by the manufacturer.
– Automatic control system: The assembly of sensors, actuators, valves, switches and logic
components that maintains the fuel cell power system parameters within the
manufacturer’s specified limits without manual intervention.
– Ventilation system: Provides, by mechanical means, air to a fuel cell power system’s
cabinet.
– Fuel cell module: Assembly of one or more fuel cell stacks, electrical connections for the
power delivered by the stacks, and means for monitoring and/or control.
– Fuel cell stack: Assembly of cells, separators, cooling plates, manifolds and a supporting
structure that electrochemically coverts, typically, hydrogen rich gas and air reactants to
d.c. power, heat, water and other byproducts.

– 8 – 62282-3-1 © IEC:2007
– Onboard energy storage: Internal energy source intended to aid or complement the fuel
cell module in providing power to internal or external loads.
This standard is applicable to stationary fuel cell power systems intended for indoor and
outdoor commercial, industrial and residential use in non-hazardous (unclassified) areas.
This standard contemplates all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events, with the
exception of those associated with environmental compatibility (installation conditions),
relevant to fuel cell power systems, when they are used as intended and under the conditions
foreseen by the manufacturer.
This standard deals with conditions that can yield hazards on the one hand to persons and on
the other to damage outside the fuel cell system only. Protection against damage to the fuel
cell system internals is not addressed in this standard, provided it does not lead to hazards
outside the fuel cell system.
The requirements of this standard are not intended to constrain innovation. When considering
fuels, materials, designs or constructions not specifically dealt with in this standard, these
alternatives shall be evaluated as to their ability to yield levels of safety and performance
equivalent to those prescribed by this standard.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60079-0, Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres – Part 0: General
requirements
IEC 60079-2, Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres – Part 2: Pressurized
enclosures “p”
IEC 60079-10, Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres – Part 10: Classification of
hazardous areas
IEC 60079-16, Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres – Part 16: Artificial
ventilation for the protection of analyzer(s) houses
IEC 60079-20, Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres – Part 20: Data for
flammable gases and vapours, relating to the use of electrical apparatus
IEC 60204-1, Safety of machinery – Electrical equipment of machines – Part 1: General
requirements
IEC 60300-3-9, Dependability management – Part 3: Application guide – Section 9: Risk
analysis of technological systems
IEC 60335-1, Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety – Part 1: General
requirements
IEC 60335-2-51, Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety – Part 2-51: Particular
requirements for stationary circulation pumps for heating and service water installations
IEC 60384-14, Fixed capacitors for use in electronic equipment – Part 14: Sectional
specification: Fixed capacitors for electromagnetic interference suppression and connection to
the supply mains
IEC 60417, Graphical symbols for use on equipment

62282-3-1 © IEC:2007 – 9 –
IEC 60529, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)
IEC 60730-1, Automatic electrical controls for household and similar use – Part 1: General
requirements
IEC 60730-2-5, Automatic electrical controls for household and similar use – Part 2-5:
Particular requirements for automatic electrical burner control systems
IEC 60730-2-6, Automatic electrical controls for household and similar use – Part 2-6:
Particular requirements for automatic electrical pressure sensing controls including
mechanical requirements
IEC 60730-2-9, Automatic electrical controls for household and similar use – Part 2-9:
Particular requirements for temperature sensing controls
IEC 60730-2-17, Automatic electrical controls for household and similar use – Part 2-17:
Particular requirements for electrically operated gas valves, including mechanical
requirements
IEC 60730-2-19, Automatic electrical controls for household and similar use – Part 2-19:
Particular requirements for electrically operated oil valves, including mechanical requirements
IEC 60812, Analysis techniques for system reliability – Procedure for failure mode and effects
analysis (FMEA)
IEC 60950-1:2005, Information technology equipment – Safety – Part 1: General requirements
IEC 61000-3-2, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 3-2: Limits – Limits for harmonic
currents emissions (equipment input current ≤16 A per phase)
IEC 61000-3-3, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 3-3: Limits – Limitation of voltage
changes, voltage fluctuations and flicker in public low-voltage supply systems for equipment
with rated current ≤16 A per phase and not subject to conditional connection
IEC 61000-3-4, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 3-4: Limits – Limitation of
emission of harmonic currents in low-voltage power supply systems for equipment with rated
current greater than 16 A
IEC 61000-3-5, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 3-5: Limits – Limitation of voltage
changes, voltage fluctuations and flicker in low-voltage supply systems for equipment with
rated current greater than 16 A
IEC 61000-6-1, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 6-1: Generic standards –
Immunity for residential, commercial and light-industrial environments
IEC 61000-6-2, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 6-2: Generic standards –
Immunity for industrial environments
IEC 61000-6-3, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 6-3: Generic standards –
Emission standard for residential, commercial and light-industrial environments
IEC 61000-6-4, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 6-4: Generic standards –
Emission standard for industrial environments
IEC 61025, Fault tree analysis (FTA)
IEC 61508 (all parts), Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic
safety-related systems
– 10 – 62282-3-1 © IEC:2007
IEC 61511-1, Functional safety – Safety instrumented systems for the process industry sector
– Part 1: Framework, definitions, system, hardware and software requirements
IEC 61511-3, Functional safety – Safety instrumented systems for the process industry sector
– Part 3: Guidance for the determination of the required safety integrity levels
IEC 61779-4, Electrical apparatus for the detection and measurement of flammable gases –
Part 4: Performance requirements for group II apparatus indicating up to 100% lower
explosive limit
IEC 61779-6, Electrical apparatus for the detection and measurement of flammable gases –
Part 6: Guide for the selection, installation, use and maintenance of apparatus for the
detection and measurement of flammable gases
IEC 61882, Hazard and operability studies (HAZOP studies) – Application guide
IEC 62086-1, Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres – Electrical resistance trace
heating – Part 1: General and testing requirements
IEC 62282-2, Fuel cell technologies – Part 2: Fuel cell modules
IEC 62282-3-2, Fuel cell technologies – Part 3-2: Stationary fuel cell power systems –
Performance test methods
IEC Guide 104:1997, The preparation of safety publications and the use of basic safety
publications and group safety publications
ISO 3864-2:2004, Graphical symbols – Safety colours and safety signs – Part 2: Design
principles for product safety labels
ISO 4413, Hydraulic fluid power – General rules relating to systems
ISO 4414, Pneumatic fluid power – General rules relating to systems
ISO 5388, Stationary air compressors – Safety rules and code of practice
ISO 7000, Graphical symbols for use on equipment – Index and synopsis
ISO 10439, Petroleum, chemical and gas service industries – Centrifugal compressors
ISO 10440-1, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Rotary-type positive-displacement
compressors – Part 1: Process compressors (oil-free)
ISO 10440-2, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Rotary-type positive-displacement
compressors – Part 2: Packaged air compressors (oil-free)
ISO 10442, Petroleum, chemical and gas service industries – Packaged, integrally geared
centrifugal air compressors
ISO 13631, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Packaged reciprocating gas compressors
ISO 13707, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Reciprocating compressors
ISO 13709, Centrifugal pumps for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries
ISO 13850, Safety of machinery – Emergency stop – Principles for design
ISO 14121, Safety of machinery – Principles of risk assessment
ISO 14847, Rotary positive displacement pumps – Technical requirements
ISO 15649, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Piping

62282-3-1 © IEC:2007 – 11 –
ISO/TR 15916, Basic considerations for the safety of hydrogen systems
ISO/TS 16528, Boilers and pressure vessels – Registration of codes and standards to
promote international recognition
ISO/IEC Guide 7:1994, Guidelines for drafting of standards suitable for use for conformity
assessment
ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999, Safety aspects – Guidelines for their inclusion in standards
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
accessible
area to which, under normal operating conditions, one of the following applies:
a) access can be gained without the use of a tool;
b) the means of access is deliberately provided to the operator;
c) the operator is instructed to enter regardless of whether or not a tool is needed to gain
access
NOTE The terms "access" and "accessible", unless qualified, relate to operator access area as defined above.
3.2
circuit, extra low voltage (ELV)
secondary circuit with voltages between any two conductors of the circuit, and between any
one such conductor and earth not exceeding 42,4 V peak, or 60 V d.c., under normal
operating conditions, which is separated from hazardous voltage by basic insulation, and
which neither meets all of the requirements for an SELV circuit nor meets all of the
requirements for a limited current circuit
[IEC 60950]
3.3
circuit, limited current
circuit which is so designed and protected that, under both normal operating conditions and
single-fault conditions, the current which can be drawn is not hazardous
[IEC 60950]
3.4
circuit, primary
circuit which is directly connected to the a.c. mains supply. It includes, for example, the
means for connection to the a.c. mains supply, the primary windings of transformers, motors
and other loading devices
[IEC 60950]
3.5
circuit, safety-control
circuit or portion thereof involving one or more safety controls in which failure due to
grounding, opening or shorting of any part of the circuit can cause unsafe operation of the
controlled equipment
– 12 – 62282-3-1 © IEC:2007
3.6
circuit, safety extra low voltage (SELV)
secondary circuit which is so designed and protected that under normal operating conditions
and single-fault conditions, its voltages do not exceed a safe value
[IEC 60950]
3.7
circuit, secondary
circuit which has no direct connection to a primary circuit and derives its power from a
transformer, converter or equivalent isolation device, or from a battery
[IEC 60950]
3.8
circuit, telecommunications network voltage (TNV)
circuit which is in the equipment and to which the accessible area of contact is limited and
that is so designed and protected that, under normal operating conditions and single-fault
conditions, the voltages do not exceed specified limit values
[IEC 60950, 1.2.8.8 for specific limits]
3.9
class I equipment
equipment where protection against electric shock is achieved by
a) using basic insulation;
b) providing a means of connection to the protective earthing conductor in the building wiring
to those conductive parts that are otherwise capable of assuming hazardous voltages if
the basic insulation fails
NOTE Class I equipment may have parts with double insulation or reinforced insulation.
3.10
design pressure
pressure used in the design of a component together with the coincident design material
temperature, for the purpose of determining the minimum permissible thickness or physical
characteristics
3.11
effluent
products of combustion plus the excess air being discharged from gas utilization equipment
(also see flue gases)
3.12
electrical equipment
see 3.14
3.13
ELV circuit
see 3.2
3.14
equipment, electrical
general term including material, fittings, devices appliances, fixtures, apparatus and the like
used as part of, or in connection with, and electrical installation
3.15
flame failure lock-out time
see 3.31
62282-3-1 © IEC:2007 – 13 –
3.16
fuel cell
electrochemical device that converts the chemical energy of a fuel, such as hydrogen or
hydrogen rich gases, alcohols, hydrocarbons and oxidants to DC power, heat and other
reaction products
3.17
gas vent
passageway, composed of listed factory-built components assembled in accordance with the
terms of listing, for conveying flue gases from gas utilization equipment or their vent
connectors to the outside atmosphere (see also 3.56)
3.18
heat exchanger
vessel in which heat is transferred from one medium to another
3.19
igniter
device which utilizes electrical energy to ignite gas at a pilot burner or main burner
3.20
ignition, automatic
ignition of gas at the burner when the gas controlling device is turned on, including re-ignition
if the flames on the burner have been extinguished by means other than by the closing of the
gas-controlling device
3.21
ignition device
a) device for igniting gas at a burner. It may be a pilot or an igniter
b) direct ignition
igniter utilized to ignite gas at a main burner
3.22
ignition system, automatic
system designed to ignite and reignite a main burner. Such systems
a) prove the presence of either the ignition source or main burner flame, or both;
b) automatically ignite gas at the main burner or at the pilot burner so that the pilot can ignite
the main burner;
c) automatically act to shut off the gas supply to the main burner or to the pilot burner and
main burner, when the supervised flame or ignition source is not proved
3.23
ignition system timings
a) flame-establishing period
period of time between initiation of gas flow and proof of the supervised flame or between
the proof of supervised flame and initiation of gas flow. This may be applicable to proof of
the ignition source or main burner flame, or both;
b) ignition activation period
period of time between energizing the main gas valve and deactivation of the ignition
means prior to the lockout time;
c) lockout time
period of time between the initiation of gas flow and the action to shut off the gas flow in
the event of failure to establish proof of the supervised ignition source or the supervised
main burner flame. Reinitiating the lighting sequence requires a manual operation;

– 14 – 62282-3-1 © IEC:2007
d) maximum time
maximum allowable time for the specified function of any device;
e) purge time
period of time intended to allow for the dissipation of any unburned gas or residual
products of combustion
1) pre-purge time
purge time which occurs at the beginning of a burner operating cycle prior to initiating
ignition;
2) post-purge time
purge time which occurs at the end of a burner operating cycle;
f) recycle time
period of time between shutoff of the gas supply following loss of the supervised ignition
source or the supervised main burner flame and reactivation of the ignition source
3.24
insulation
a) basic
insulation to provide basic protection against electric shock
b) double
insulation comprising both basic insulation and supplementary insulation
c) functional
insulation that is necessary only for the correct functioning of the equipment
d) reinforced
single insulation system which provides a degree of protection against electric shock
equivalent to double insulation under the conditions specified in this standard
NOTE 1 Functional insulation by definition does not protect against electric shock. It may, however, reduce the
likelihood of ignition and fire.
NOTE 2 The term "insulation system" does not imply that the insulation should be in one homogenous piece. It
may comprise several layers which cannot be tested as supplementary insulation or basic installation.
3.25
interlock
control to prove the physical state of a required condition and to furnish that proof to the
safety shutoff device circuit
3.26
joints
points of connection between heat transfer surfaces, between positive and negative pressure
zones within components of the fuel cell power system, and between fuel cell power system
components
3.27
labelled
equipment or materials to which has been attached a label, symbol or other identifying mark
of an organization acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction and concerned with product
evaluation that maintains periodic inspection of production of labelled equipment or materials
and by whose labelling the manufacturer indicates compliance with appropriate standards or
performance in a specified manner
3.28
limited current circuit
see 3.3
62282-3-1 © IEC:2007 – 15 –
3.29
listed
equipment or materials included in a list published by a nationally recognized testing
laboratory, inspection agency, or other organizations concerned with product evaluation that
maintains periodic inspection of production of listed equipment or materials, whose listing
states either that the equipment or material meets nationally recognized standards or has
been tested and found suitable for use in a specified manner
3.30
load, normal
maximum load that is connected to the mains for systems that utilize an external mains power
source to idle, start, or maintain operation of the power system
3.31
lock-out time, flame failure
period of time between the signal indicating absence of flame and lock-out
3.32
main burner
device or group of devices essentially forming an integral unit for the final conveyance of gas
or a mixture of gas and air to the combustion zone, and on which combustion takes place to
accomplish the function for which the equipment is designed
3.33
manifold
conduit which supplies gas to or collects it from the fuel cell or the fuel cell stack
3.34
materials
a) combustible
when pertaining to materials adjacent to, or in contact with, heat-producing appliances,
vent connectors, gas vents, steam and hot water pipes, and warm air ducts, those
materials made of or surfaced with wood, compressed paper, plant fibres, or other
materials that are capable of being ignited and burned. Such materials shall be considered
combustible even though flame-proofed, fire-retardant treated, or plastered
b) non-combustible
for the purposes of this standard, materials which are not capable of being ignited and
burned, such as materials consisting of, or a combination of, steel, iron, brick, tile,
concrete, slate, asbestos, glass and plaster
3.35
maximum allowable working pressure
see 3.63
3.36
maximum operating pressure
see 3.39
3.37
normal load
see 3.30
3.38
normal operating conditions
operation of the fuel cell power system under normal conditions, in particular:

– 16 – 62282-3-1 © IEC:2007
– nominal (rated) power output with respect to voltage and current;
– nominal thermal energy output with respect to temperature and cooling media flow (if
applicable);
– nominal temperature range of the all subsystems of the fuel cell power system;
– nominal fuel composition;
– nominal flows of anode and cathode media;
– nominal pressure ranges in all fluids within the power system;
– change of power output (electrical and thermal) within the nominal ranges defined in the
manufacturer’s specification;
unless otherwise stated, the entire fuel cell system is operated within 2 % of the rated input
voltage and frequency and within 5 % of the rated fuel consumption when operated at rated
output conditions, as specified by the manufacturer. Tolerances for the other values should be
specified by the manufacturer
NOTE Deviations from these nominal operating conditions are defined as abnormal operating conditions.
3.39
operating pressure, maximum (MOP)
highest gauge pressure of a component or system that is expected during normal operation
including starts, stops and transients
3.40
passive state
state for the fuel cell power system internal components normally entered when the fuel cell
power system is purged with steam, air or nitrogen, or according to the manufacturer's
instructions when the fuel cell power system is turned off, or prior to when the fuel cell power
system is turned on (initialization)
3.41
pilot
small gas flame used to ignite the gas at the main burner
a) continuous
pilot that burns without turndown throughout the entire time the burner is in service,
whether the main burner is firing or not;
b) expanding
continuous pilot that is automatically expanded so as to reliably ignite the main burner.
This pilot may be turned down at the end of the main burner flame-establishing period;
c) intermittent
pilot which is automatically lighted each time there is a signal for initialization. It burns
during the entire period that the main burner is firing;
d) interrupted
pilot which is automatically lighted each time there is a signal for initialization. The pilot
fuel is cut off automatically at the end of the main burner flame-establishing period;
e) proved
a pilot flame supervised by a primary safety control
3.42
piping system
all piping, valves and fittings used to connect gas utilization equipment to the point of delivery

62282-3-1 © IEC:2007 – 17 –
3.43
pluggable equipment type A
equipment which is intended for connection to the building installation wiring via a non-
industrial plug and socket-outlet or a non-industrial appliance coupler, or both
3.44
port
any opening in a burner head through which gas or gas-air mixture is discharged for ignition
3.45
power system
packaged, self-contained, automatically operated assembly of integrated systems for
generating useful electrical energy and recoverable thermal energy
3.46
primary circuit
see 3.4
3.47
purge
freeing a gas conduit of air, gas or a mixture of air and gas
3.48
reformer
vessel within which fuel gas and other gaseous recycle stream(s) (if present) are reacted with
water vapour and heat, usually in the presence of a catalyst, to produce hydrogen rich gas for
use within the fuel cell power system
3.49
regulator, draft
device which functions to maintain a desired draft in the equipment by automatically reducing
the draft to the desired value
3.50
secondary circuit
see 3.7
3.51
SELV circuit
see 3.6
3.52
specific gravity
ratio of the weight or mass of a given volume of a substance to that of an equal volume of
another substance (air for gases, water for liquids and solids) used as a standard, both
measured under the same conditions
3.53
stop
fixed point on a control, such as a temperature limit control, which prevents the adjustment of
the control beyond the stop point
3.54
thermal equilibrium conditions
o
F) or
stable temperature conditions indicated by temperature changes of no more than 3 K (5
1 % of the absolute operating temperature, whichever is higher between two readings 15 min
apart
3.55
TNV circuit
see 3.8
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