IEC PAS 63441:2022

IEC PAS 63441 ®
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Functional architecture of industrial internet system for industrial automation
applications
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IEC PAS 63441 ®
Edition 1.0 2022-10
PUBLICLY AVAILABLE
SPECIFICATION
colour
inside
Functional architecture of industrial internet system for industrial automation

applications
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 25.040 ISBN 978-2-8322-3964-3

– 2 – IEC PAS 63441:2022  IEC 2022
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms, definitions, abbreviated terms, and acronyms . 7
3.1 Terms and definition . 7
4 General . 9
4.1 Function and architecture. 9
4.1.1 Hierarchy . 9
4.1.2 Activities of End Layer (Layer 0) . 10
4.1.3 Activities of Edge Layer (Layer 1) . 11
4.1.4 Activities of IaaS Layer (Layer 2) . 11
4.1.5 Activities of PaaS Layer (Layer 3) . 11
4.1.6 Activities of SaaS Layer (Layer 4) . 11
4.1.7 Security . 11
4.2 Functional Model . 11
5 End layer . 13
5.1 Overview. 13
5.2 Model and architecture . 13
5.3 Activities of End Layer . 14
5.4 End Supports to Edge . 14
6 Edge Layer . 15
6.1 Overview. 15
6.2 Model and architecture . 15
6.3 Activities of Edge Layer . 16
6.4 Edge Supports to IaaS . 16
6.5 Edge Supports to PaaS . 16
7 IaaS Layer . 17
7.1 Overview. 17
7.2 Model and architecture . 17
7.3 Activities of IaaS Layer . 18
7.4 IaaS Supports to PaaS . 18
8 PaaS Layer. 18
8.1 Overview. 18
8.2 Model and Architecture . 19
8.3 Activities of PaaS Layer . 20
8.4 PaaS Supports to SaaS . 20
9 SaaS Layer. 20
9.1 Overview. 20
9.2 Model and architecture . 21
9.3 Activities of SaaS . 21
Annex A (informative) Architecture Case of Industrial Internet System . 22
A.1 Overview. 22
A.2 Application cases . 22
A.2.1 End and Edge Layer . 22
A.2.2 IaaS Layer . 23

A.2.3 PaaS Layer . 24
A.2.4 SaaS Layer . 25
A.2.5 Smart Application Implementation of SaaS Platform . 26
Annex B (informative) Architecture of Mass Customization Platform . 29
Bibliography . 31

Figure 1 – Overall architecture of industrial Internet system . 10
Figure 2 – Functional model of industrial Internet . 12
Figure 3 – Structure of end layer . 14
Figure 4 – Functional model of edge layer . 15
Figure 5 – Functional structure of IaaS . 17
Figure 6 – Functional model of PaaS layer . 19
Figure 7 – Functional model of SaaS . 21
Figure A.1 – Overall architecture of the industrial Internet system in this case . 22
Figure A.2 – Full lifecycle service framework of the end and edge layer . 23
Figure A.3 – IaaS framework . 24
Figure A.4 – PaaS service architecture . 25
Figure A.5 – Service pattern framework of SaaS . 26
Figure A.6 – Equipment management application architecture . 27
Figure A.7 – Energy management application architecture . 28
Figure B.1 – Overall technical architecture of mass customization platform . 29

– 4 – IEC PAS 63441:2022  IEC 2022
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE OF INDUSTRIAL INTERNET
SYSTEM FOR INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION APPLICATIONS

FOREWORD
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IEC PAS 63441 has been processed by IEC technical committee 65: Industrial-process
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The text of this PAS is based on the This PAS was approved for
following document: publication by the P-members of the
committee concerned as indicated in
the following document
Draft PAS Report on voting
65/927/DPAS 65/933/RVDPAS
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– 6 – IEC PAS 63441:2022  IEC 2022
INTRODUCTION
For traditional plants, each piece of equipment is isolated, and the production data of equipment
is collected manually, while the efficiency of manual statistics is also very low. With the
continuous development of industrial automation, digitalization, and intelligent technologies, the
intelligent and connected plant combined with "end-edge-cloud" collaboration extends the
scope of the original plant and builds close ties between people and production equipment via
data. In this way, it realizes the whole process with real-time interconnection between users,
equipment and products, achieving zero distance between them, with transparent visibility of
the whole process. In addition, the in-depth application of artificial intelligence and big data
technologies in the industrial field contributes a large number of algorithms for intelligent
optimization and decision-making, thus providing critical solutions for upgrading toward
intelligent industrial systems.

FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE OF INDUSTRIAL INTERNET
SYSTEM FOR INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION APPLICATIONS

1 Scope
This document defines the functional architecture and functional model of the industrial internet
system for industrial applications. It presents the models, structures, activities, and interaction
contents between layers of the end, edge, and cloud: infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform
as a service (PaaS), and software as service (SaaS), respectively.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 62264-1:2013, Enterprise-control system integration – Part 1: Models and terminology
IEC 62264-2:2013, Enterprise-control system integration – Part 2: Object and attributes for
enterprise-control system integration
IEC 62264-3:2016, Enterprise-control system integration – Part 3: Activity models of
manufacturing operations management
3 Terms, definitions, abbreviated terms, and acronyms
3.1 Terms and definition
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 62264-1, IEC 62264-2
and IEC 62264-3 as well as the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1.1
industrial application
software which is based on the industrial internet, carries industrial know-how and experience,
and meets specific needs
3.1.2
industrial big data
generic term of industrial data including enterprise informatization data, industrial IoT data, and
external cross-field data
3.1.3
industrial internet system
industrial cloud system that builds a service system based on massive data collection,
aggregation, and analysis, and supports the ubiquitous connection of manufacturing resources,
flexible supply, and efficient allocation

– 8 – IEC PAS 63441:2022  IEC 2022
3.1.4
platform as a service
PaaS
business model providing the operation and development environment of application services
as a cloud service
Note 1 to entry: PaaS is located between the IaaS and SaaS models and provides the development and operating
environment for applications.
3.1.5
software as service
SaaS
model of providing software through the internet
Note 1 to entry: The vendor deploys applications on its own servers. Customers may order the required application
services from vendors via the internet according to their actual needs, pay the vendor according to the number of
services ordered and the period of services, and obtain the services through the internet.
3.1.6
infrastructure as a service
IaaS
model of utilization of all computing infrastructure as a service, including processing CPU,
memory, storage, network, and other basic computing resources
Note 1 to entry: In this model, users are able to deploy and run any software, including operating systems and
applications. Customers do not manage or control any cloud computing infrastructure, but are able to control the
choice of operating system, storage space, deployed applications, and potentially obtain the control of restricted
network components (such as routers, firewalls, and load balancers).
3.1.7
data management
process of efficiently collecting, storing, processing, and applying data using computer
hardware and software technologies
3.1.8
microservice
independently deployable artifact providing a service implementing a specific functional part of
an application
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC TS 23167:2020, 3.15]
3.1.9
microservices architecture
design approach that divides an application into a set of microservices
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC TS 23167:2020, 3.16]
3.1.10
cloud service
one or more capabilities offered via cloud computing invoked using a defined interface
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 20924:2018, 3.1.8]
3.1.11
software defined networking
set of techniques that enables to directly program, orchestrate, control and manage network
resources, which facilitate the design, delivery and operation of network services in a dynamic
and scalable manner
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC TR 22417:2017, 3.9]

3.1.12
data processing
systematic performance of operations upon data
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993]
3.2 Abbreviated terms and acronyms
For the purposes of this document, the abbreviated terms and acronyms given the following
apply.
API Application Programming Interface
DCS Distributed Control System
EAL Edge Application Layer
ECS Elastic Container Service
EFL Edge Foundation Layer
EIP Elastic IP
IaaS Infrastructure as a Service
IP Internet Protocol
LAN Local Area Network
LoP List of Properties
OPC UA OPC Unified Architecture
PaaS Platform as a Service
PLC Programmable Logic Controller
PLM Product Lifecycle Management
SaaS Software as a Service
SLB Server Load Balancer
SDN Software Defined Networking
TSD Time series data
TSN Time Sensitive Networking
VPC Virtual Private Cloud
VPN Virtual Private Network
4 General
4.1 Function and architecture
4.1.1 Hierarchy
The overall functions of the industrial internet system include:
– Synchronous collection and transmission of multi-source heterogeneous data, such as
industrial process data, video, and audio;
– Edge data processing and real-time condition perception: Use edge equipment to realize
the connection and unified management of industrial process related equipment;
– Visual analysis and know-how database construction combining industrial mechanism with
big data, so as to ensure data association analysis;
– Design, management and decision-making based on industrial data analysis to support
personalized service requirements.

– 10 – IEC PAS 63441:2022  IEC 2022
The industrial internet system includes end, edge, and cloud architecture. It is divided into 5
layers:
– Layer 0: end layer;
– Layer 1: edge layer;
– Layer 2: IaaS layer;
– Layer 3: PaaS layer;
– Layer 4: SaaS layer.
See Figure 1.
Key
PERS persons
EQPT equipment
MATL material
Figure 1 – Overall architecture of industrial internet system
4.1.2 Activities of End Layer (Layer 0)
Main activities of end layer:
– Provide data perception, collection, and storage in the process of industrial production
activities;
– Provide equipment connection and network transmission environment in industrial
production activities;
– Perform the tasks of production units in industrial production activities.

4.1.3 Activities of Edge Layer (Layer 1)
Main activities of edge layer:
– Provide pre-processing of multi-source heterogeneous industrial data and guarantee real-
time;
– Provide the functions of isolation and protection between industrial applications and
industrial internet infrastructure (such as terminal devices and servers).
4.1.4 Activities of IaaS Layer (Layer 2)
Main activities of IaaS layer:
– Provide computing resources, network resources, storage resources, and related resource
services, and serve as the basis for the operation of the industrial cloud layer.
4.1.5 Activities of PaaS Layer (Layer 3)
Main activities of PaaS layer:
– Provide the service environment and tools for the whole life cycle of industrial products;
– Provide the conversion, cleaning, hierarchical storage, analysis and mining, and visualized
processing of the industrial big data;
– Encapsulate the processes, data, and models in industrial production and IT technologies,
know-how, and methods into industrial microservices and micro-components;
– Access various industrial resources, and process, combine and optimize them to form
modular manufacturing capability.
4.1.6 Activities of SaaS Layer (Layer 4)
Main activities of SaaS layer:
– Realize the whole life cycle coordination and management of industrial products from
requirement interaction, design, manufacturing, all the way to sales;
– Realize the effective integration of industrial production resources, simplify enterprise
processes, and reduce costs;
– Enhance the utilization rate of resources and production efficiency of industrial enterprises
by offering services.
4.1.7 Security
Security requirements should be considered in the process of design, implementation, and
operation, at all levels of the industrial internet, including risk assessment and privacy
management:
– Data collection, storage, and processing;
– Network transmission;
– Data and application services.
See relevant requirements specified in IEC 62443, ISO 27000, ISO/IEC 27005:2018,
ISO/IEC 20547-4, ISO/IEC 14888-3, ISO/IEC 19944, ISO/IEC 17788, ISO/IEC 17789,
ISO/IEC 27017, ISO/IEC 27018, and ISO/IEC 27002.
4.2 Functional Model
See Figure 2 for the functional model of the industrial internet.

– 12 – IEC PAS 63441:2022  IEC 2022

Figure 2 – Functional model of industrial internet
Service requirements of the industrial internet include:
– Realize the networking allocation, collaborative R&D, and production of resources in the
whole production process in cross-industry chains, between enterprise departments, and
between production units within enterprises;
– Meet the requirements of mass customization;
– Meet the management requirements of production efficiency, cost, product quality, safety,
and energy efficiency;
– Realize intelligent operation and maintenance management of equipment;
– Realize the interconnection of production resources (personnel, equipment, materials, etc.)
with models and services.
The hierarchical model and requirements of the industrial internet for industrial applications can
be divided into end, edge, cloud, and service requirements from the system level.
From the perspective of the whole life cycle of the plant, it can be divided into three stages
according to the construction progress of the plant:
a) plant construction;
b) plant commissioning/operation;
c) plant optimization.
In the plant construction stage, the digital model of the overall design, process flow, and layout
of the plant for service requirements based on the plant simulation and digital design system is
built; the simulation visualizes the production process data and helps to optimize the production

process. This stage also creates a network architecture model for plant communication to
realize the information interconnection between various links of the manufacturing process,
such as process, production, inspection, and logistics, and between the manufacturing process
and the data collection and monitoring system, manufacturing execution system, and enterprise
resource planning system. A digital model of production planning, scheduling, and execution is
built to realize analysis and decision making, quantitative process management, dynamic cost
and quality tracking, and collaborative optimization from raw materials to finished products.
In the plant commissioning/operation stage and the optimization stage, the data about
personnel, equipment, materials, etc., are collected and related assets are managed at the end
layer. In the meantime, such data are interconnected through industrial network technologies,
passed to the edge layer for real-time data analysis and processing, and interoperated through
OPC UA, TSN, SDN, and other technical means. Moreover, data storage management and
virtualization are realized at the IaaS layer. Then, combined with industrial models such as
process model, mechanism model, and data model, big data analysis technologies are applied
to process and integrate the collected data to provide such services as production and operation
monitoring, operation process monitoring, data visualization, quality management, process
inspection management, energy management, on-site service, and intelligent business
decision-making, so as to meet the service requirements of users and drive the optimization
and upgrading of services based on service requirements.
5 End layer
5.1 Overview
The end layer, represented by Figure 3, performs manufacturing tasks directly at the industrial
field, and interacts with personnel, equipment and materials involved in the manufacturing
process. The sensors in the end layer collect information about personnel, equipment, and
materials from the industrial field and provide it to the upper layer for analysis and decision
making. Meanwhile, the manufacturing system in the end layer executes commands from the
upper layer to realize the execution and control of the manufacturing process.
5.2 Model and architecture
The end layer, which is located in the industrial field of the manufacturing enterprise's workshop,
uses the production resources on the site to complete the production process through
production management and control.
The functions of the management layer include:
– Management: complete the production process management, including the collaborative
management of manufacturing data, production scheduling, and planning and scheduling,
to achieve the production informatization management at the workshop level of an
enterprise;
– Optimization: improve the control execution process and data collection;
– Decision-making: identify, diagnose, and give feedback on problems that exist in the
production process of the industrial field;
– Interaction: realize information interaction between the end layer and the edge layer.
The functions of the control layer include:
– Control execution: perform control of the production process;
– Data collection: collect the production data and equipment status information by sensors in
the industrial field, including images, videos, and audios;
– Data storage: record the data collected from the industrial field in some format on a storage
medium.
– 14 – IEC PAS 63441:2022  IEC 2022
The field layer contains production resources, which refer to the personnel, equipment and
materials necessary to complete the production process.
Figure 3 represents the end layer structure.

Figure 3 – Structure of end layer
5.3 Activities of End Layer
The end layer is located at the industrial field. It provides task execution and data collection in
the manufacturing process to achieve manufacturing goals, digitizes k
...