IEC 61373:2026

IEC 61373 ®
Edition 3.0 2026-07
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Railway applications - Rolling stock equipment - Shock and vibration tests

ICS 45.060.01  ISBN 978-2-8327-1205-4

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CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
INTRODUCTION . 7
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 9
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms . 9
3.1 Terms and definitions. 9
3.2 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 11
4 General . 12
5 Order of testing . 14
6 Test conditions . 15
6.1 General . 15
6.2 Method of mounting and orientation of equipment under test . 15
6.3 Reference and check points . 17
6.3.1 General . 17
6.3.2 Fixing point . 17
6.3.3 Check point . 17
6.3.4 Reference point . 17
6.3.5 Measuring point . 18
6.4 Mechanical state and functioning during test . 18
6.4.1 Mechanical state . 18
6.4.2 Functional tests . 18
6.4.3 Performance tests . 18
6.4.4 Lifetime assessment . 18
6.5 Reproducibility for random vibration tests . 19
6.5.1 General . 19
6.5.2 Acceleration spectral density (ASD) . 19
6.5.3 Root mean square value (RMS) . 19
6.5.4 Probability density function (PDF) . 19
6.5.5 Duration . 20
6.6 Measuring tolerances . 20
6.7 Recovery . 20
7 Initial measurements and preconditioning . 21
8 Functional random vibration tests . 21
8.1 Test severity and frequency range . 21
8.1.1 General . 21
8.1.2 Body mounted – Category 1 Class A. 22
8.1.3 Body mounted – Category 1 Class B. 24
8.1.4 Bogie mounted – Category 2 . 26
8.1.5 Axle mounted – Category 3 . 30
8.2 Duration of the functional random vibration tests. 32
8.3 Functioning during tests . 32
9 Simulated long-life tests at increased random vibration levels . 32
9.1 Test severity and frequency range . 32
9.1.1 General . 32
9.1.2 Body mounted – Category 1 Class A. 33
9.1.3 Body mounted – Category 1 Class B. 33
9.1.4 Bogie mounted – Category 2 . 34
9.1.5 Axle mounted – Category 3 . 35
9.2 Duration and acceleration ratio of the simulated long-life vibration tests . 36
10 Shock tests . 38
10.1 Pulse shape and tolerance . 38
10.2 Velocity change . 38
10.3 Mounting . 38
10.4 Repetition rate . 38
10.5 Test severity, pulse shape and direction . 38
10.6 Number of shocks . 39
10.7 Functioning during tests . 40
11 Transportation and handling . 40
12 Final measurements and acceptance criteria . 40
12.1 Final measurements. 40
12.2 Acceptance criteria . 40
13 Test exemption . 41
14 Report . 41
15 Test certificate . 42
16 Disposal . 42
Annex A (informative) Explanation of service measurements, measuring positions,
methods of recording service data, summary of service data, and method used to
obtain random test levels from acquired service data . 43
A.1 General . 43
A.2 Standard measuring positions used for axle, bogie and body-mounted
categories . 43
A.3 Service data obtained from rail operators and equipment manufacturers
utilizing a two-page questionnaire . 44
A.4 Method used to obtain ASD values from the acquired service data . 45
A.5 Summarized service data obtained . 46
A.6 Method to compute the acceleration ratio to be used for long-life tests . 48
A.7 Long-life test levels obtained from functional test levels using the method in
Clause A.6 . 56
Annex B (informative) Figure identifying general location of equipment on railway
vehicles and their resulting test category . 57
Annex C (informative) Example of a type test certificate . 58
Annex D (informative) Guidance for calculating RMS values from ASD values or levels. 59
D.1 General . 59
D.2 Calculation of the functional RMS value from the service data . 59
D.3 Calculation of the RMS values from ASD levels of Figure 6 to Figure 10 . 60
Annex E (informative) Guidance for numerical validation of structural parts of cubicles . 61
E.1 General . 61
E.2 Software . 61
E.3 Model validity . 61
E.3.1 General . 61
E.3.2 Coordinate system . 61
E.3.3 Assumptions . 61
E.3.4 Boundary conditions . 62
E.4 Modal analysis . 62
E.4.1 General . 62
E.4.2 Post processing . 62
E.4.3 Criteria . 62
E.5 Shocks . 62
E.5.1 General . 62
E.5.2 Loading . 62
E.5.3 Post processing . 63
E.5.4 Acceptance criteria . 63
E.6 Random vibration . 63
E.6.1 General . 63
E.6.2 Post processing . 64
E.6.3 Acceptance criteria . 67
Annex F (informative) Urban vehicles operating on pneumatic tyres. 69
F.1 General . 69
F.2 Specific layout of urban vehicles operating on pneumatic tyres . 69
F.3 Functional random vibration ASD . 70
Bibliography . 73

Figure 1 – Gaussian distribution . 10
Figure 2 – Test sequence . 14
Figure 3 – Management of resilient mounts during testing . 15
Figure 4 – Example of transfer function magnitude . 16
Figure 5 – Cumulative PDF tolerance bands . 20
Figure 6 – Category 1 – Class A – Body-mounted – ASD spectra . 23
Figure 7 – Category 1 – Class B – Body-mounted – ASD spectra . 26
Figure 8 – Category 2 – Bogie mounted – ASD spectra . 28
Figure 9 – Category 2 – Bogie mounted – Validity plan for default ASD spectra . 29
Figure 10 – Category 3 – Axle mounted – ASD spectra . 31
Figure 11 – Pulse shape and limits of tolerance for half-sine pulse . 39
Figure A.1 – Standard measuring positions used for axle, bogie (frame) and body . 43
Figure A.2 – Typical fatigue strength curve . 48
Figure A.3 – Acceleration ratio as function as number of cycles during long life test N . 50
T
Figure A.4 – Default acceleration ratio as function as long-life test duration d for
LLT
categories 1 and 2 . 51
Figure A.5 – Default acceleration ratio as function as long-life test duration d for
LLT
category 3 . 52
Figure B.1 – General location of equipment on vehicles . 57
Figure D.1 – ASD spectrum . 60
Figure E.1 – Stress value on element, frequency response analysis . 64
Figure E.2 – Power spectral density, acceleration and stress σ (f) . 65
PSD
Figure F.1 – General location of equipment on vehicles operating on pneumatic tyres . 70

Table 1 – Test severity and frequency range for functional random vibration tests of
category 1 Class A . 24
Table 2 – Test severity and frequency range for functional random vibration tests of
category 1 Class B . 26
Table 3 – Test severity and frequency range for functional random vibration tests of
category 2 . 29
Table 4 – Test severity and frequency range for functional random vibration tests of
category 3 . 32
Table 5 – Test severity and frequency range for 5 h simulated long-life random
vibration tests of category 1 Class A . 33
Table 6 – Test severity and frequency range for 100 h simulated long-life random
vibration tests of category 1 Class A . 33
Table 7 – Test severity and frequency range for 5 h simulated long-life random
vibration tests of category 1 Class B . 34
Table 8 – Test severity and frequency range for 100 h simulated long-life random
vibration tests of category 1 Class B . 34
Table 9 – Test severity and frequency range for 5 h simulated long-life random
vibration tests of category 2 . 34
Table 10 – Test severity and frequency range for 100 h simulated long-life random
vibration tests of category 2 . 35
Table 11 – Test severity and frequency range for 5 h simulated long-life random
vibration tests of category 3 . 35
Table 12 – Test severity and frequency range for 100 h simulated long-life random
vibration tests of category 3 . 36
Table 13 – Acceleration ratio and long-life test duration table (default values) . 37
Table 14 – Test severity, pulse shape and direction . 39
Table A.1 – Environment data acquisition summary of the test parameters . 44
Table A.2 – Summary of the additional RMS acceleration levels obtained from the
questionnaire . 46
Table A.3 – Summary of collected data (category 1A) . 47
Table A.4 – Summary of collected data (category 1B) . 47
Table A.5 – Fatigue curves parameters considered for default acceleration ratio
computation . 49
Table A.6 – Acceleration ratio and long-life test duration table (default values) . 52
Table A.7 – Parameters for specific acceleration ratio computation (Example 1) . 54
Table A.8 – Parameters for specific acceleration ratio computation (Example 2) . 55
Table E.1 – Description of stress spectrum . 66
Table F.1 – Test severity and frequency range for functional random vibration tests of
category 1 Class A, urban vehicle operating on pneumatic tyres . 71
Table F.2 – Test severity and frequency range for functional random vibration tests of
category 1 Class B, urban vehicle operating on pneumatic tyres . 71
Table F.3 – Test severity and frequency range for functional random vibration tests of
category 2, urban vehicle operating on pneumatic tyres . 72

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
Railway applications - Rolling stock equipment -
Shock and vibration tests
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
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Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
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6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
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expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) IEC draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). IEC takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights in
respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, IEC had not received notice of (a) patent(s), which
may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent
the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at https://patents.iec.ch. IEC
shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 61373 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 9: Electrical equipment and systems
for railways. It is an International Standard.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2010. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) consideration of specific ASD spectra from onboard measurements and certification limited
to the specific case;
b) exclusion from the scope of applicability of traction motors and any substructure not
equipped with electrical, electronic or pneumatic device;
c) clarification for order of testing and typical test sequence, taking into account the possibility
of simultaneous multi-axis testing;
d) recommendation and guidance for removing resilient mounts of the equipment (if located
between the equipment and the main structure) during the long-life test;
e) qualification of the fixture device used to attach the equipment to the test bench;
f) guidance for using a measuring point as a possibility to assess mechanical integrity;
g) change of the method to calculate the acceleration ratio which shall be applied to the
functional ASD value to obtain the simulated long-life ASD value;
h) duration of long-life test can be set from 5 h to 100 h per axis, with corresponding
acceleration ratio (default value) indicated in a table;
i) clarification of the concept of structural integrity;
j) description of test exemption cases, subassembly tests, and finite element analysis for
structural parts of equipment (new Annex E);
k) the lowest frequency f of ASD spectra of Category 1 and Category 2 is fixed at 5 Hz as a
default value, and the lowest frequency f of ASD spectra of Category 3 is fixed at 10 Hz as
a default value;
l) update of ASD spectra for functional random vibration test: Table 1, Table 2, Table 3,
Table 4, Table A.2 and Figure 6, Figure 7, Figure 8, Figure 10. This update was
recommended in the Rail Safety and Standard Board research program document:
“Vibration environment for rail vehicle mounted Equipment”;
m) new annex F dedicated on urban vehicle operating on pneumatic tyres.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
9/3266/FDIS 9/3321/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/publications.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
– reconfirmed,
– withdrawn, or
– revised.
INTRODUCTION
This document covers the requirements for random vibration and shock testing items of
pneumatic, electrical and electronic equipment or components (hereinafter only referred to as
equipment) to be fitted on to railway vehicles. Random vibration and shock is the only method
to be used for equipment or component approval.
The tests contained within this document are specifically aimed at demonstrating the ability of
the equipment under test to withstand the type of environmental vibration conditions normally
expected for railway vehicles. In order to achieve the best representation possible, the values
quoted in this document have been derived from actual service measurements submitted by
various contributing bodies from around the world.
This document is not intended to cover self-induced vibrations as these will be specific to
particular applications.
Engineering judgement and experience are recommended in the execution and interpretation
of this document.
This document is suitable for design and validation purposes; however, it does not exclude the
use of other development tools (such as sine sweep), which can be used to ensure a
predetermined degree of mechanical and operational confidence. The test levels to be applied
to the equipment under test are dictated only by its location on the train (i.e. axle, bogie or
body-mounted).
It should be noted that these tests can be performed on prototypes in order to gain design
information about the product performance under random vibration. However, for test
certification purposes, the tests are carried out on equipment taken from normal production.
The procedures and requirements defined in this document do not substitute or overrule any
structural assessment required from other structural requirement standards. This document is
not intended to be used as a proof of fatigue strength.
NOTE European Standards EN 12663 and EN 13749 are examples of such structural requirement standards.

1 Scope
This document specifies the requirements for testing items of equipment intended for use on
railway vehicles which are subsequently subjected to vibrations and shock owing to the nature
of railway operational environment. To gain assurance that the quality of the equipment is
acceptable, it is exposed to tests of reasonable duration that simulate the service conditions
seen throughout its expected life.
Simulated long-life testing can be achieved in a number of ways each having their associated
advantages and disadvantages, the following being the most common:
a) amplification: where the amplitudes are increased and the time base decreased;
b) time compression: where the amplitude history is retained and the time base is decreased
(increase of the frequency);
c) decimation: where time slices of the historical data are removed when the amplitudes are
below a specified threshold value.
The amplification method as stated in item a) above, is used in this document and together with
the publications referred to in Clause 2; it defines the default test procedure to be followed
when vibration testing items for use on railway vehicles.
Whilst this document is primarily concerned with railway vehicles on fixed rail systems, its wider
use is not precluded. For systems operating on pneumatic tyres, or other transportation systems
such as trolleybuses, where the level of shock and vibration clearly differ from those obtained
on fixed rail systems, specific test levels can be considered. In that case, the frequency spectra
and the shock duration and amplitude are computed in compliance with the guidelines in
Annex A.
Annex F provides the functional random vibration load that can be considered by the user for
urban vehicles operating on pneumatic tyres.
This document applies to single axis testing. However, multi-axis testing is possible.
The anchoring bolts at the fixing point(s) of the equipment are not evaluated in this document.
This document is intended to evaluate equipment which is attached to the main structure of the
vehicle (and components mounted thereon). It is not intended to test equipment which forms
part of the main structure. Main structure in the sense of this document means car body, bogie
and axle.
The following items are out of scope of this document:
– the traction motors for railway vehicles;
– any mechanical substructure not equipped with electrical, electronic or pneumatic
component.
Additional or special vibration tests for some specific equipment are not specified in this
document, for example:
a) equipment mounted on, or linked to, items which are known to produce defined frequency
excitation;
b) equipment such as pantographs, shoegear, or suspension components which are known to
be exposed to specific shock and vibration excitation;
c) equipment intended for use in special operational environments as specified by the
customer;
d) transportation and handling tests.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60068-2-27, Environmental testing - Part 2-27: Tests - Test Ea and guidance: Shock
IEC 60068-2-47, Environmental testing - Part 2-47: Test - Mounting of specimens for vibration,
impact and similar dynamic tests
IEC 60068-2-64:2008, Environmental testing - Part 2-64: Tests - Test Fh: Vibration, broadband
random and guidance
IEC 60068-2-64:2008/AMD1:2019
ISO 3534-1, Statistics - Vocabulary and symbols - Part 1: General statistical terms and terms
used in probability
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60068-2-64,
ISO 3534-1 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
– IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
– ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1.1
random vibration
vibration the instantaneous value of which cannot be precisely predicted for any given instant
of time
3.1.2
Gaussian distribution
continuous distribution with probability density function equal to:
–(xx – )²
P ()x  ×
2 ×σ²
x e
σ 2 × π
where
σ is the standard deviation;
x is the instantaneous value;
x is the mean value of x.
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
=
Figure 1 – Gaussian distribution
Note 2 to entry: According to Figure 1, the probability that the instantaneous acceleration value is between ±a is
equal to the zone under the probability density curve P (x). This means that the instantaneous acceleration value
x
between:
– 0 and 1σ represents 68,26 % of the time,
– 1σ and 2σ represents 27,18 % of the time,
– 2σ and 3σ represents 4,30 % of the time.
3.1.3
acceleration spectral density
ASD
mean-square value of that part of an acceleration signal passed by a narrow-band filter of a
centre frequency, per unit bandwidth, in the limit as the bandwidth approaches zero and the
averaging time approaches infinity
3.1.4
component
pneumatic, electrical, or electronic part located inside a cubicle
3.1.5
cubicle
self-contained item of equipment, comprising structure, mechanical parts and mounted
components
Note 1 to entry: Examples include converter, inverter, battery box.
3.1.6
anchoring bolt
bolt that enables the assembly of the equipment on the test table or the fixture device
3.1.7
internal bolt
bolt used in the equipment itself
3.1.8
acceleration ratio
coefficient applied to the functional ASD value to obtain the simulated long-life ASD value
3.1.9
weakest point
structural area which provides the lowest margin of safety under fatigue loads
3.2 Symbols and abbreviated terms
ADC analog to digital converter
2 2
ASD acceleration spectral density ((m/s ) /Hz)
2 2
ASD ASD value of the measured data number "i" ((m/s ) /Hz)
i
DAT digital audio tape
d duration of the simulated long-life test (h)
LLT
DR digital recorder
d duration of the vehicle service life (h)
s
D total cumulated damage of each element
T
D cumulated damage of each element due to longitudinal acceleration
T
l
D cumulated damage of each element due to transverse acceleration
T
t
cumulated damage of each element due to vertical acceleration
D
T
v
D cumulated cumulative damage of each element due to longitudinal, transverse, and
T
ltv
vertical acceleration (multidirectional load case)
D cumulative admissible sum limit
M
d projected longitudinal distance between the fixing point of the equipment and the
X
validity plan (m)
E Young's Modulus of material (MPa)
E expected number of zero-crossings
E expected number of peaks
P
f frequency (Hz)
F force (N) or (daN), should be consistent with other values
f minimum frequency of ASD (Hz)
maximum frequency of ASD (Hz)
f
f frequency value of the measured data number "i" (Hz)
i
FDS fatigue damage spectrum
FTU ultimate stress (or tensile stress) of material (MPa)
FEA finite element analysis
FM frequency modulation
H transfer function
m mass of the equipment (kg)
m spectral moment rank n
n
n number of check point(s)
c
N the minimal number of cycles estimated during the service life
S
N the minimal number of cycles estimated during the long-life test
T
PCM pulse code modulation
PDF probability density function
R stress ratio (-)
RH relative humidity (%)
RMS root mean square value
RMS root mean square value of check point number “i”
i
R yield strength of material (MPa)
p
S safety factor (-)
WB wheelbase of the bogie (m)
∆f frequency resolution of the ASD (Hz)
∆σ fully reversed cut-off limit of material (MPa)
L
∆σ
RMS stress range of the block i on the element under functional ASD load (MPa)
RMS
i
γ irregularity factor
Ɛ material strain (%)
ε statistical error
S
σ stress at the centre of gravity of the element (MPa)
σ endurance limit of the material (MPa)
D
σ cut-off limit of the material (MPa)
L
ζ damping ratio (-)
4 General
This document is intended to highlight any weakness which can result in problems as a
consequence of operation under environments where vibration and shock are known to occur
in service on a railway vehicle. This is not intended to represent a full life test. However, the
test conditions are sufficient to provide some reasonable degree of confidence (depending on
hypothesis of fatigue strength parameters) that the equipment will survive the specified lifetime
under service conditions.
The test levels quoted in this document have been derived from environmental test data, as
referred to in Annex A. This information was submitted by organizations responsible for
collecting environmental vibration levels under service conditions.
The following tests are mandatory for compliance with this document:
Functional random test The functional random test levels are the minimum test levels
to be applied in order to demonstrate that the equipment under
test is capable of functioning when subjected to conditions
which are likely to occur in service, on railway vehicles.
The degree of functioning shall be defined prior to tests
beginning (see 6.4.2).
The functional random test is not intended to be a full
performance evaluation under simulated service conditions.
Functional random testing requirements are detailed in
Clause 8.
Simulated long-life test This test is aimed at establishing the mechanical integrity of
the equipment at increased service levels. It is not necessary
to demonstrate ability to function under these conditions.
Simulated long-life testing requirements are detailed in
Clause 9.
Shock test Shock test is aimed at simulating rare service events. It is not
necessary to demonstrate functionality during this test. Shock
test requirements are detailed in Clause 10.
The equipment shall comply with the acceptance criteria listed in Clause 12.
The test values quoted in this document have been divided into three categories dependent
only upon the equipment's location within the vehicle (see Figure B.1 of Annex B).
Category 1: Body mounted
Class A: Cubicles, subassemblies, equipment and components mounted directly on or under
the car body.
Class B: Anything mounted inside an equipment case which is in turn mounted directly on or
under the car body.
Class B is used:
– when it is not clear where the equipment is to be located;
– when there is a direct mechanical link between the car body and the traction motors.
Category 2: Bogie mounted
Cubicles, subassemblies, equipment and components which shall be mounted on the bogie of
a railway vehicle.
Category 3: Axle mounted
Subassemblies, equipment and components or assemblies which are to be mounted on the
wheelset assembly of a railway vehicle.
In the case of equipment mounted on vehicles with one level of suspension such as wagons
and trucks, axle mounted equipment are tested as category 3. For all other equipment, there is
no pre-defined associated category.
For reason of simplification, metric units are considered through this document.
5 Order of testing
Testing in the vertical, transverse and longitudinal axes can be performed in any order. A
possible sequence of testing is shown in Figure 2 for single axis test bench:

Figure 2 – Test sequence
The arrangement of shock test, functional random vibration test and simulated long-life vibration
test can vary from
...