IEC PAS 62282-6-150:2011

IEC/PAS 62282-6-150 ®
Edition 1.0 2011-04
PUBLICLY AVAILABLE
SPECIFICATION
PRE-STANDARD
colour
inside
Fuel cell technologies –
Part 6-150: Micro fuel cell power systems – Safety – Water reactive (UN Division
4.3) compounds in indirect PEM fuel cells

IEC/PAS 62282-6-150:2011(E)
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IEC/PAS 62282-6-150 ®
Edition 1.0 2011-04
PUBLICLY AVAILABLE
SPECIFICATION
PRE-STANDARD
colour
inside
Fuel cell technologies –
Part 6-150: Micro fuel cell power systems – Safety – Water reactive (UN Division
4.3) compounds in indirect PEM fuel cells

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
PRICE CODE
XC
ICS 27.070 ISBN 978-2-88912-470-1

– 2 – PAS 62282-6-150  IEC:2011(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
1 Scope . 7
1.1 General . 7
1.2 Fuels and technologies covered . 7
1.3 Equivalent level of safety. 9
2 Normative references . 10
3 Terms and definitions . 11
4 Materials and construction of micro fuel cell power systems, micro fuel cell power
units and fuel cartridges . 16
4.1 General . 16
4.2 FMEA / hazard analysis . 16
4.3 General materials . 17
4.4 Selection of materials . 17
4.5 General construction . 18
4.6 Fuel valves . 18
4.7 Materials and construction – system . 18
4.8 Ignition sources . 19
4.9 Enclosures and acceptance strategies. 19
4.9.1 Parts requiring a fire enclosure . 19
4.9.2 Parts not requiring a fire enclosure . 20
4.9.3 Materials for components and other parts outside fire enclosures . 21
4.9.4 Materials for components and other parts inside fire enclosures . 22
4.9.5 Mechanical enclosures . 23
4.10 Protection against fire, explosion, corrosivity and toxicity hazard . 23
4.11 Protection against electrical hazards . 24
4.12 Fuel supply construction . 24
4.12.1 Fuel cartridge construction . 24
4.12.2 Fuel cartridge fill requirement . 25
4.13 Protection against mechanical hazards . 25
4.13.1 Piping and tubing other than fuel or hydrogen lines . 25
4.13.2 Exterior surface and component temperature limits . 26
4.13.3 Motors . 26
4.14 Construction of electric device components . 27
4.14.1 Limited power sources . 27
4.14.2 Devices that use electronic controllers . 28
4.14.3 Electrical conductors/wiring . 28
4.14.4 Output terminal area . 29
4.14.5 Electric components and attachments . 29
4.14.6 Protection . 29
5 Abnormal operating and fault conditions testing and requirements . 29
5.1 General . 29
5.2 Compliance testing . 30
5.3 Passing criteria . 30
5.4 Simulated faults and abnormal conditions for limited power and SELV circuits . 31
5.5 Abnormal operation – electromechanical components . 31
5.6 Abnormal operation of micro fuel cell power systems or units with integrated
batteries . 31

PAS 62282-6-150  IEC:2011(E) – 3 –
5.7 Abnormal operation – simulation of faults based on hazard analysis. 32
6 Instructions and warnings for micro fuel cell power systems, micro fuel cell power
units and fuel cartridges . 32
6.1 General . 32
6.2 Minimum markings required on the fuel cartridge . 32
6.3 Minimum markings required on the micro fuel cell power system or micro fuel
cell power unit . 33
6.4 Additional information required either on the fuel cartridge or on
accompanying written information or on the micro fuel cell power system or
micro fuel cell power unit . 33
6.5 Technical documentation . 34
7 Type tests for micro fuel cell power systems, micro fuel cell power units and fuel
cartridges . 34
7.1 General . 34
7.2 Leakage, hydrogen leakage, and hydrogen gas loss, and hydrogen emission
measurement and the measuring procedures . 36
7.2.1 Leakage test and measuring procedure . 36
7.2.2 Hydrogen leakage measurement from fuel cartridges and/or fuel
management systems and measuring procedure . 36
7.2.3 Hydrogen gas loss measurements from micro fuel cell power systems
and micro fuel cell power units and measuring procedures . 37
7.3 Type tests . 44
7.3.1 Pressure differential tests . 44
7.3.2 Vibration test . 48
7.3.3 Temperature cycling test . 49
7.3.4 High temperature exposure test . 50
7.3.5 Drop test . 51
7.3.6 Compressive loading test . 51
7.3.7 External short-circuit test . 52
7.3.8 Surface, component and exhaust gas temperature test . 53
7.3.9 Long-term storage test . 54
7.3.10 High temperature connection test . 58
7.3.11 Connection cycling tests . 59
7.3.12 Emission test . 65
7.3.13 Hydrogen point source gas loss detection test . 74
Bibliography . 77

Figure 1.1 – Micro fuel cell power system block diagram for UN Division 4.3 (water
reactive) compound fuel in indirect PEM fuel cell system; fuel management system in
micro fuel cell power unit . 8
Figure 1.2 – Micro fuel cell power system block diagram for UN Division 4.3 (water
reactive) compound fuel in indirect PEM fuel cell system; fuel management system in
fuel cartridge . 9
Figure 2 – Fuel cartridge leakage test flow chart for pressure differential, vibration,
drop, and compressive loading tests . 38
Figure 3 – Fuel cartridge leakage test flow chart for temperature cycling test and high
temperature exposure test . 39
Figure 4 – Micro fuel cell power system or micro fuel cell power unit leakage and
hydrogen gas loss test flow chart for vibration, temperature cycling, drop and
compressive loading tests . 40

– 4 – PAS 62282-6-150  IEC:2011(E)
Figure 5 – Micro fuel cell power system or micro fuel cell power unit leakage and
hydrogen gas loss test flow chart for external short-circuit test . 41
Figure 6 – Micro fuel cell power system or micro fuel cell power unit leakage and
hydrogen gas loss test flow chart for 68 kPa low external pressure test . 42
Figure 7 – Micro fuel cell power system or micro fuel cell power unit leakage and
hydrogen gas loss test flow chart for 11,6 kPa low external pressure test . 43
Figure 8 – Temperature cycling . 50
Figure 9 – Fuel cartridge leakage and hydrogen gas loss test flow chart for long-term
storage test. . 58
Figure 10 – Operational emission rate testing apparatus . 65
Figure 11 – Operational emission concentration testing apparatus . 66
Figure 12 – Hydrogen emission test procedure for operating micro fuel cell power
system . 73
Figure 13 – Fuel cartridge leakage test flow chart for low external pressure test . 74

Table 1 – Summary of material flammability requirements. 21
Table 2 – Temperature limits . 26
Table 3 – Limits for inherently limited power sources . 27
Table 4 – Limits for power sources not inherently limited (over-current protection
required) . 27
Table 5 – List of type tests . 35
Table 6 – Laboratory standard conditions . 36
Table 7 – Emission limits . 72

PAS 62282-6-150  IEC:2011(E) – 5 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES –
Part 6-150: Micro fuel cell power systems – Safety –
Water reactive (UN Division 4.3) compounds in indirect PEM fuel cells

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
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Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
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with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
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2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
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3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
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4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
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between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
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6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
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other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
A PAS is a technical specification not fulfilling the requirements for a standard, but made
available to the public.
IEC-PAS 62282-6-150 has been processed by IEC technical committee 105: Fuel cell
technologies.
The text of this PAS is based on the This PAS was approved for
following document: publication by the P-members of the
committee concerned as indicated in
the following document
Draft PAS Report on voting
105/309/PAS 105/321/RVD
Following publication of this PAS, which is a pre-standard publication, the technical committee
or subcommittee concerned may transform it into an International Standard.

– 6 – PAS 62282-6-150  IEC:2011(E)
This PAS shall remain valid for an initial maximum period of 3 years starting from the
publication date. The validity may be extended for a single period up to a maximum of 3 years,
at the end of which it shall be published as another type of normative document, or shall be
withdrawn.
A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date.

IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
PAS 62282-6-150  IEC:2011(E) – 7 –
FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES –
Part 6-150: Micro fuel cell power systems – Safety –
Water reactive (UN Division 4.3) compounds in indirect PEM fuel cells

1 Scope
1.1 General
a) This consumer safety PAS covers micro fuel cell power systems using hydrogen produced
from the reaction of an aqueous solution with solid UN Division 4.3 (water-reactive)
compounds in indirect PEM fuel cell systems that are wearable or easily carried by hand,
providing d.c. outputs that do not exceed 60 V d.c. and power outputs that do not exceed
240 VA. Portable fuel cell power systems that provide output levels that exceed these
electrical limits are covered by IEC 62282-5-1.
b) Externally accessible circuitry is therefore considered to be safety extra low voltage
(SELV) circuitry as defined in IEC 60950-1:2005, and as limited power circuits if further
compliance with 2.5 of IEC 60950-1:2005 is demonstrated. Micro fuel cell power systems
or units that have internal circuitry exceeding 60 V d.c. or 240 VA should be appropriately
evaluated in accordance with the separate criteria of IEC 60950-1:2005.
c) This consumer safety PAS establishes requirements for micro fuel cell power systems,
micro fuel cell power units and fuel cartridges using hydrogen produced from the reaction
of an aqueous solution with solid UN Division 4.3 (water-reactive) compounds for use in
indirect PEM fuel cell systems to ensure a reasonable degree of safety for normal use,
reasonably foreseeable misuse, and consumer transportation of such items. The fuel
cartridges covered by this PAS are not intended to be refilled by the consumer. Fuel
cartridges refilled by the manufacturer or by trained technicians shall meet all
requirements of this PAS.
d) These products are not intended for use in hazardous areas as defined by IEV 426-03-01.
1.2 Fuels and technologies covered
a) This PAS covers micro fuel cell power systems, micro fuel cell power units and fuel
cartridges using hydrogen produced from the reaction of an aqueous solution with solid
UN Division 4.3 (water reactive) solid compounds as fuel. These systems and units use
polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell technologies. The designs may include fuel
processing subsystems to derive hydrogen gas from the water-reactive solid fuel.
b) Micro fuel cell power system block diagrams for covered systems are shown in Figures 1.1
and 1.2.
c) All portions of this PAS apply to micro fuel cell power systems, micro fuel cell power units
and fuel cartridges as defined in 1.1 above.
Clauses 1 through 7 of this PAS parallel the general safety requirements given in
IEC 62282-6-100, considered relevant to micro fuel cell systems of all types and further
includes requirements specific to water reactive solid fuels as included in Annex F of
IEC 62282-6-100:2010.
– 8 – PAS 62282-6-150  IEC:2011(E)

Thermal
Heat
Total control
management
Out
system
Internal power needs
(optional)
Primary battery
Fuel supply
Fuel processing
Fuel
Fuel processing interface (optional)
subsystem
subsystem management
Mechanical
System
& signal
Mechanical &
interface
Fuel cell
Liquid
signal
Solid
or
fuel Power
interface
water-
micro fuel cell
com- conditioning
reactive
module
ponent
fuel Power
output
Air
management
Rechargeable
Waste product
System
battery or
Waste product
capacitor
cartridge (optional)
(optional)
Water and/or
Liquid
Waste product
waste product
Liquid
mixture/
management
mixture/
water
water
cartridge
cartridge
(optiona)
Micro fuel cell power unit
(optional)
Fuel cartridge
Micro fuel cell power system
Air
Waste products
Figure 1.1 – Micro fuel cell power system block diagram for UN Division 4.3
(water reactive) compound fuel in indirect PEM fuel cell system –
Fuel management system in micro fuel cell power unit

PAS 62282-6-150  IEC:2011(E) – 9 –

Thermal
Total control
management
system
Heat
Internal power needs  Out
(optional)
Fuel supply
Primary battery
Fuel processing
interface
Fuel processing
(optional)
subsystem
subsystem
Fuel
Mechanical
Mechanical &
management & signal
signal
interface
Liquid Solid interface System Fuel cell

or
fuel water-
Power
micro fuel cell
com- reactive
conditioning
module
ponent fuel
Power
output
Air
Waste product
Rechargeable
management
battery or
System
Waste product
capacitor
cartridge (optional)
(optional)
Water and/or
Liquid
waste product
Liquid
mixture/
management
mixture/
water
water
cartridge
cartridge
(optiona)
(optional)
Fuel cartridge
Micro fuel cell power unit
Micro fuel cell power system
Air
Waste Products
Figure 1.2 – Micro fuel cell power system block diagram for UN Division 4.3
(water reactive) compound fuel in indirect PEM fuel cell system –
Fuel management system in fuel cartridge
1.3 Equivalent level of safety
a) The requirements of this PAS are not intended to constrain innovation. The manufacturer
may consider fuels, materials, designs or constructions not specifically dealt with in this
PAS. These alternatives should be evaluated as to their ability to yield levels of safety
equivalent to those prescribed by this PAS.
b) It is understood that all micro fuel cell power systems, micro fuel cell power units and fuel
cartridges shall comply with applicable country and local requirements including, but not
limited to, those concerning transportation, child-resistance and storage, where required.

– 10 – PAS 62282-6-150  IEC:2011(E)
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60050-426:2008, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Part 426: Equipment for
explosive atmospheres
IEC 60079-15, Explosive atmospheres – Part 15: Equipment protection by type of protection
"n"
IEC 60086-4, Primary batteries – Part 4: Safety of lithium batteriesIEC 60086-5, Primary
batteries – Part 5: Safety of batteries with aqueous electrolyte
IEC 60695-1-10: Fire hazard testing – Part 1-10: Guidance for assessing the fire hazard of
electrotechnical products – General guidelines
IEC 60695-1-11: Fire hazard testing – Part 1-11: Guidance for assessing the fire hazard of
electrotechnical products – Fire hazard assessment
IEC 60695-2-11, Fire hazard testing – Part 2-11: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods –
Glow-wire flammability test method for end-products
IEC 60695-11-10, Fire hazard testing – Part 11-10: Test flames – 50 W horizontal and vertical
flame test methods
IEC 60730-1:2010, Automatic electrical controls for household and similar use – Part 1:
General requirements
IEC 60950-1:2005, Information technology equipment – Safety – Part 1: General requirements
IEC 61032, Protection of persons and equipment by enclosures – Probes for verification
IEC 62133, Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes –
Safety requirements for portable sealed secondary cells, and for batteries made from them,
for use in portable applications
IEC 62281, Safety of primary and secondary lithium cells and batteries during transport
ISO 175, Plastics – Methods of test for the determination of the effects of immersion in liquid
chemicals
ISO 188, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic – Accelerated ageing and heat resistance tests
ISO 1817, Rubber, vulcanized – Determination of the effect of liquids
ISO 9772, Cellular plastics – Determination of horizontal burning characteristics of small
specimens subjected to a small flame
ISO 15649, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Piping
ISO 16000-3, Indoor air – Part 3: Determination of formaldehyde and other carbonyl
compounds – Active sampling method

PAS 62282-6-150  IEC:2011(E) – 11 –
ISO 16000-6, Indoor air – Part 6: Determination of volatile organic compounds in indoor and
test chamber air by active sampling on Tenax TA sorbent, thermal desorption and gas
chromatography using MS/FID
ISO 16017-1, Indoor, ambient and workplace air – Sampling and analysis of volatile organic
compounds by sorbent tube/thermal desorption/capillary gas chromatography – Part 1:
Pumped sampling
ISO 16111:2008, Transportable gas storage devices – Hydrogen absorbed in reversible metal
hydride
United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods – Model Regulations;
Sixteenth revised edition
United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods – Manual of Tests
and Criteria; Fifth revised edition
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
attached cartridge
fuel cartridge, which has its own enclosure that connects to the device powered by the micro
fuel cell power system
3.2
electrical enclosure
parts of the micro fuel cell power system intended to limit access to parts that may be at
hazardous voltages or hazardous energy level
3.3
exterior cartridge
fuel cartridge, which has its own enclosure that forms a portion of the enclosure of the device
powered by the micro fuel cell power system
3.4
fire enclosure
parts of the micro fuel cell power system intended to minimize the spread of fire or flames
from within
3.5
fuel
UN Division 4.3 (water-reactive) solid formulation of compounds comprising constituents
selected from the following group used as fuel for an indirect PEM micro fuel cell power
system:
(water reactive) mixtures, alloys, compounds or chemical hydrides of the following
materials: sodium, magnesium, borohydride compounds, silicon, silicon dioxide, iron,
nickel, cobalt.
The formulation may contain a non-hazardous activator to facilitate the production of
hydrogen.
Only UN Division 4.3 (water reactive) solid compounds which solely evolve hydrogen gas
upon contact with water (or non-hazardous aqueous solutions) shall be permitted. Compounds
with a subsidiary hazard risk, or which are not permitted to be transported by air according to
the ICAO Technical Instructions, shall not be permitted under this PAS.

– 12 – PAS 62282-6-150  IEC:2011(E)
3.6
fuel cartridge
removable article that contains fuel and supplies hydrogen to the micro fuel cell power unit or
internal reservoir, not to be refilled by the user
3.7
fuel cell power system
generator system that uses a fuel cell module(s) electrically and thermally connected to
generate usable electric energy and/or thermal energy
3.8
hazardous liquid fuel
liquid fuel component with a pH < 3,5 or > 10,5
3.9
insert cartridge
fuel cartridge, which has its own enclosure and is installed within the enclosure of the device
powered by the micro fuel cell power system
3.10
internal reservoir
structure in a fuel management system that stores hydrogen and cannot be removed
3.11
leakage
accessible fuel, hazardous fuel byproducts or hazardous liquid fuel outside the micro fuel cell
power system, micro fuel cell power unit, or fuel cartridge
3.12
limited power sources
electrical supply either isolated from a mains supply or supplied by a battery or other device
(i.e. fuel cell power unit) where the voltage, current and power levels are either inherently or
non-inherently limited to levels that do not result in an electric shock or fire hazard
NOTE An inherently limited power source does not rely on a current-limiting device to meet limited power
requirements although it may rely on an impedance to limit its output. However, a non-inherently limited power
source relies upon a current-limiting device such as a fuse, etc. to meet limited power requirements.
3.13
toxic material
any material having a toxic hazard rating of 2 (medium) or higher, in the Sax’s dangerous
properties of industrial materials – 11th edition, or related reference guide
3.14
mechanical enclosure
parts of the micro fuel cell power system or micro fuel cell power unit intended to be a barrier
to protect, shield, and control access to the internal components or material
3.15
micro fuel cell
fuel cell that is wearable or easily carried by hand, providing a d.c. output that does not
exceed 60 V d.c. and power outputs that do not exceed 240 VA
3.16
micro fuel cell power system
micro fuel cell power unit and associated fuel cartridges that is wearable or easily carried by
hand
PAS 62282-6-150  IEC:2011(E) – 13 –
3.17
micro fuel cell power unit
electric generator as defined in Figure 1, providing direct current output that does not exceed
60 V d.c. and continuous power output that does not exceed 240 VA
The micro fuel cell power unit does not include a fuel cartridge or other cartridges (optional).
3.18
no accessible liquid
liquid fuel component that is not subject to contact by consumers
3.19
no fuel vapour loss
not applicable
3.20
normal use conditions
range of conditions such as pressure, temperature, physical, chemical and thermal conditions
of use as defined by the manufacturer
3.21
partially utilized fuel cartridge
fuel cartridge that has been put into operation such that approximately 45 % – 55 % of the
initial fuel has been utilized and that the operation of the micro fuel cell power system has
been halted for at least 1 h
3.22
rated power
manufacturer specified maximum continuous power capability of the micro fuel cell power
system
3.23
satellite cartridge
fuel cartridge that is intended to be connected to and removed from the micro fuel cell power
unit to transfer hydrogen to the internal reservoir inside the micro fuel cell power unit
3.24
refill valve
component of the non-user-refillable fuel cartridge that allows refilling the fuel cartridge only
by the manufacturer or by trained technicians
3.25
shut-off valve
component of a fuel cartridge that controls the release of fuel or hydrogen
3.26
waste cartridge
cartridge that stores waste and byproducts from the micro fuel cell power unit
3.27
water cartridge/liquid mixture
cartridge that is filled with water or liquid fuel component
3.28
fuel management system
optional components used to control fuel or hydrogen properties (e.g. concentration, flow rate,
purity, temperature, humidity or pressure) or aspects of hydrogen generation to support micro

– 14 – PAS 62282-6-150  IEC:2011(E)
fuel cell power system operation, including management and/or storage of generated
hydrogen gas (e.g. via storage in and release from an internal reservoir), if applicable
NOTE Not all micro fuel cell power systems will include all functions. Some micro fuel cell power systems may
include additional functions.
3.29
air management system
components that might be used to control air properties if needed to support micro fuel cell
power system operation; e.g. flow, concentration, cleanliness, temperature, humidity, or
pressure
NOTE Not all systems will include all functions. Some systems may include additional functions.
3.30
total control system
components of the micro fuel cell power system that coordinate properties of the micro fuel
cell power system and reactants using electrical, mechanical, and/or digital inputs, outputs,
software, and/or functions to effect proper micro fuel cell power system start-up, operation
and shutdown, when necessary
NOTE Not all systems will include all functions. Some systems may include additional functions.
3.31
primary battery
non-rechargeable battery
3.32
fuel cell
electrochemical device that converts the energy of the chemical reaction between hydrogen or
hydrogen rich gases and an oxidant, such as air or oxygen, to d.c. power, heat and other
reaction products
3.33
micro fuel cell module
assembly including a fuel cell stack(s) which electrochemically converts chemical energy to
electric energy
3.34
fuel cell stack
assembly of two or more fuel cells which are electrically connected
3.35
non-operating
micro fuel cell power system or unit that is turned “off” or no longer operational
3.36
hazardous energy level
available power level of 240 VA or more having a duration of 60 s or more, or a stored energy
level of 20 J or more (for example, from one or more capacitors), at a potential of 2 V or more
3.37
indirect PEM fuel cell power system
micro fuel cell power system in which a solid formulation of water-reactive compounds is
processed to produce hydrogen which reacts at the anode of a fuel cell to produce electricity
in a micro fuel cell power system

PAS 62282-6-150  IEC:2011(E) – 15 –
3.38
borohydride compounds
sodium or potassium borohydride, or a mixture thereof
3.39
electrolyte
ion conducting membrane used to complete an electric circuit within a fuel cell
3.40
fuel byproducts
Class 8 (corrosive), or non-hazardous compounds produced during the generation of
hydrogen and/or electricity from solid water reactive fuel; fuel byproducts shall not have any
subsidiary risks.
3.41
impermissible hydrogen gas loss
hydrogen gas escaping fuel cartridge, non-operating micro fuel cell power system, or micro
fuel cell power unit greater than or equal 0,003 2 g/h
3.42
accessible fuel, hazardous fuel byproducts or hazardous liquid fuel components
fuel, hazardous fuel byproducts or hazardous liquid fuel components that the consumer may
come into physical contact with during normal use, reasonably foreseeable misuse, and
consumer transportation; or, water reactive components within the fuel cartridge capable of
releasing hydrogen if the fuel cartridge is immersed
3.43
fuel processing subsystem
subsystem within the fuel cartridge used to produce hydrogen from formulations of water-
reactive compounds
3.44
incompatible materials
materials which are likely to cause a dangerous evolution of heat, or flammable or poisonous
gas or vapours if allowed to mix in ways other than those specifically provided for by the
micro fuel cell power system design
3.45
uncontrolled mixing
mixing of incompatible materials that occurs in ways not specifically provided for by the micro
fuel cell power system design
3.46
UN Division 4.3 (water reactive)
materials which in contact with water emit flammable gases and are classified as UN Division
4.3: Water Reactive substances under the guidelines of the 16th edition of the UN
Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Model Regulations when tested in
accordance with the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria for the Classification of Dangerous
Goods
3.47
non-hazardous
materials which are not classified as dangerous goods subject to guidelines of the 16th
edition of the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Model
Regulations
NOTE For clarification, a mixture or substance is not subject to the Model Regulations only if the hazard
characteristics of the mixture or substance are such that they do not meet the criteria for classification for any
class as a dangerous good, as identified in the UN Model Regulations and the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria for

– 16 – PAS 62282-6-150  IEC:2011(E)
the Classification of Dangerous Goods. The UN Model Regulations and Manual of Tests and Criteria may be found
online at:
http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/unrec/rev16/16files_e.html and
http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/manual/Rev4/ManRev4-files_e.html, respectively;
th
5 edition currently only available in print
3.48
activator
substance such as a metal salt or acid that facilitates the production of hydrogen from water-
reactive fuel
3.49
hydrogen leakage
hydrogen gas outside hydrogen containment system, including fuel cartridge and fuel
management system (see 7.2.2)
3.50
liquid fuel component
class 8 (corrosive), or non-hazardous, water solutions containing acids or metal salts as
activators, or alcohols as freezing point suppressors
NOTE The water solutions are used to produce hydrogen within the fuel processing subsystem. Corrosive
solutions may not have a subsidiary risk.
3.51
Class 8 (corrosive)
materials which are classified as Class 8: Corrosive substances under the guidelines of the
16th edition of the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Model
Regulations when tested in accordance with the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria for the
Classification of Dangerous Goods
3.52
hazardous fuel byproduct
fuel by-product with a pH < 3,5 or > 10,5
4 Materials and construction of micro fuel cell power systems, micro fuel cell
power units and fuel cartridges
4.1 General
a) Compliance with the requirements of Clause 4 shall be verified during the review of the
safety FMEA and/or during type tests specified in Clause 7.
b) The micro fuel cell power unit, when coupled to the fuel cartridge, shall be designed and
constructed to avoid any credible risk of leakage, fire or explosion posed by the micro fuel
cell power system itself or gases, vapours, liquids or other substances produced or used
by the micro fuel cell power system.
c) To prevent a fire or explosion hazard within the micro fuel cell power system, the
manufacturer shall eliminate potential ignition source(s) within areas where fuel or
hydrogen is present (or can be potentially released).
d) Flammable, toxic or corrosive materials shall be kept within a closed containment system
such as within fuel or hydrogen piping, in a reservoir, a fuel cartridge or similar enclosure.
4.2 FMEA/hazard analysis
4.2.1 A failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) or equivalent reliability analysis shall be
conducted by the manufacturer to identify faults which can have safety related consequences
and the design features that serve to mitigate those faults. The analysis shall include failures

PAS 62282-6-150  IEC:2011(E) – 17 –
that may result in leakage. Failures related to refilling of non-user refillable fuel cartridges, if
anticipated by the manufacturer or trained technicians, shall be considered.
4.2.2 Guidance can be found in the following informative references: IEC 61025 and
IEC 60812.
4.2.3 It shall be the responsibility of the manufacturer to ensure that emissions from the
micro fuel cell power system do not result in harmful or dangerous effects on the user or
others during normal use, reasonably foreseeable misuse, and consumer transportation.
4.3 General materials
The materials and coating shall be resistant to degradation under the normal transportation
and normal usage conditions over the manufacturer-defined life span of the product.
4.4 Selection of materials
4.4.1 Micro fuel cell power systems and units are expected to be exposed to a number of
environmental conditions over the manufacturer-defined life span of the product such as
vibration, shock, varying humidity levels and corrosive environments. Materials employed in
the micro fuel cell p
...