IEC 62629-1-2:2013

IEC 62629-1-2 ®
Edition 1.0 2013-06
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
3D display devices –
Part 1-2: Generic – Terminology and letter symbols

Dispositifs d'affichage 3D –
Partie 1-2: Généralités – Terminologie et symboles littéraux

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IEC 62629-1-2 ®
Edition 1.0 2013-06
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
3D display devices –
Part 1-2: Generic – Terminology and letter symbols

Dispositifs d'affichage 3D –
Partie 1-2: Généralités – Terminologie et symboles littéraux

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
CODE PRIX P
ICS 31.120; 31.260 ISBN 978-2-83220-914-1

– 2 – 62629-1-2 © IEC:2013
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
1 Scope . 5
2 Terms and definitions . 5
2.1 General terms . 5
2.2 Terms related to components . 6
2.3 Terms related to performance specifications. 7
Annex A (informative) Definition guideline for terms which include “image”, “view” or
“vision” . 9
Annex B (informative) Classification of 3D display types . 12
Annex C (informative) Relation between depth perception and 3D display . 14
Annex D (informative) Lobe . 15
Bibliography . 16

Figure A.1 – Difference between “image” and “view” . 9
Figure A.2 – Structure of multi-view display . 10
Figure A.3 – Stereoscopic images and stereoscopic views . 11
Figure B.1 – Classification of 3D display . 13
Figure C.1 – Depth perception and 3D display . 14
Figure D.1 – Lobe of autostereoscopic display . 15

62629-1-2 © IEC:2013 － 3－
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
3D DISPLAY DEVICES –
Part 1-2: Generic –
Terminology and letter symbols

FOREWORD
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International Standard IEC 62629-1-2 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 110:
Electronic display devices.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
110/470/FDIS 110/479/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all the parts in the IEC 62629 series, under the general title 3D display devices, can
be found on the IEC website.
– 4 – 62629-1-2 © IEC:2013
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
62629-1-2 © IEC:2013 － 5－
3D DISPLAY DEVICES –
Part 1-2: Generic –
Terminology and letter symbols

1 Scope
This part of IEC 62629 provides a list of the terminologies that are frequently used in
describing 3D display technologies in the IEC 62629 series. Terms for various 3D display
technologies on stereoscopic, autostereoscopic, volumetric, and holographic displays are
included.
2 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
2.1 General terms
2.1.1
3D display
display device giving depth perception with physiological depth cues
Note 1 to entry: Physiological depth cues include accommodation, convergence, binocular parallax, and motion
parallax. The 3D display provides users with all or some of the physiological depth cues so that they can perceive
depth. Physiological depth cues should be distinguished from pictorial depth cues which can also be provided by
the usual 2D displays. Pictorial depth cues are features in an image that give a hint of the depth. Examples of
pictorial depth cues are texture gradient, shadow, occlusion, and vanishing lines.
2.1.2
stereoscopic display
3D display providing binocular parallax
Note 1 to entry: See “autostereoscopic display”. For classification of the 3D displays, see Annex B.
2.1.3
autostereoscopic display
stereoscopic display that requires no viewing aids
Note 1 to entry: See “stereoscopic display”. For classification of the 3D displays, see Annex B.
2.1.4
two-view display
two-view autostereoscopic display
autostereoscopic display providing one stereoscopic view
Note 1 to entry: See “multi-view display”.
2.1.5
multi-view display
multi-view autostereoscopic display
autostereoscopic display providing multiple stereoscopic views
Note 1 to entry: See “two-view display”.

– 6 – 62629-1-2 © IEC:2013
2.1.6
integral imaging display
integral imaging autostereoscopic display
autostereoscopic display that reproduces ray space
2.1.7
volumetric display
autostereoscopic display which forms a set of pixels distributed in space
2.1.8
stereoscopic image
pair of images with parallax shown on a stereoscopic display
Note 1 to entry: Stereoscopic images are made by capturing images of an object from slightly different positions
and they are used as output of a stereoscopic display. See Annex A.
2.1.9
stereoscopic view
pair of sights provided by a stereoscopic display, which induce stereopsis
Note 1 to entry: Stereoscopic view is generally not the same as stereoscopic image. In some cases more than a
single monocular image is projected on the retina of an eye. See Annex A.
2.1.10
monocular image
one part of a stereoscopic image
Note 1 to entry: See A.2.2.
2.1.11
monocular view
one part of a stereoscopic view
Note 1 to entry: See A.2.2.
2.1.12
designed viewing distance
viewing distance recommended by the manufacturer of the 3D display
Note 1 to entry: For a detailed measurement procedure, see IEC 62629-22-1.
2.1.13
lobe
space wherein one or multiple stereoscopic images are projected in correct angular order by
an autostereoscopic display
Note 1 to entry: See Annex D.
2.1.14
ray space
spatial and angular distribution of light reflected from the surface of an object
2.2 Terms related to components
2.2.1
active glasses
glasses whose left and right lenses alternate their optical characteristics, synchronizing with
displayed sequential images on a stereoscopic display (e.g. synchronizing with TV fields, TV
frame, etc.) to separate the displayed images into left and right monocular views

62629-1-2 © IEC:2013 － 7－
Note 1 to entry: Usually left and right images are displayed alternately on a screen. When a left image is displayed,
the left lens of the active glasses is turned on to transmit the image and the right lens is turned off to cut off the
image. The lenses do not need a function for focusing light.
2.2.2
passive glasses
glasses whose left and right lenses have complementary but fixed optical characteristics to
separate displayed images on a stereoscopic display into left and right monocular views
Note 1 to entry: Usually spatially divided left and right images are displayed at the same time on a screen; each
divided segment in the screen emits polarized light to display the images and the left and right segments have
orthogonal polarization. The left lens of the passive glasses has a polarization to pass the emitted light of the left
images and to cut off that of the right images, while the right lens passes the right images and cuts off the left
images.
2.2.3
polarized glasses
passive glasses equipped with two polarizers whose polarization properties are opposite to
each other
Note 1 to entry: See “linearly polarized glasses” and “circularly polarized glasses”.
2.2.4
linearly polarized glasses
passive glasses equipped with two linear polarizers whose polarizing directions are
orthogonal to each other
Note 1 to entry: See “polarized glasses” and “circularly polarized glasses”.
2.2.5
circularly polarized glasses
passive glasses equipped with two circular polarizers whose rotational directions of circular
polarization are orthogonal to each other
Note 1 to entry: See “polarized glasses” and “linearly polarized glasses”.
2.2.6
patterned retarder
array of two kinds of optical phase retarders arranged alternatively in a plane
2.2.7
parallax barrier
barrier with an array of slits for providing one or multiple stereoscopic views
2.2.8
lenticular lens
lenticular sheet
set of semi-cylindrical lenses that are arranged side by side in a plane
2.2.9
fly-eye lens
set of lenslets that are arranged in a plane
2.3 Terms related to performance specifications
2.3.1
interocular chromatic difference
difference in chromaticity between left and right monocular views
Note 1 to entry: For a detailed measurement procedure, see IEC 62629-12-1.

– 8 – 62629-1-2 © IEC:2013
2.3.2
interocular contrast difference
difference in contrast between left and right monocular views
Note 1 to entry: For a detailed measurement procedure, see IEC 62629-12-1.
2.3.3
interocular luminance difference
difference in luminance between left and right monocular views
Note 1 to entry: For a detailed measurement procedure, see IEC 62629-12-1
2.3.4
interocular crosstalk
luminance leakage into the observed monocular view of an eye from the monocular image for
the other eye
Note 1 to entry: For a detailed measurement procedure, see IEC 62629-12-1.
2.3.5
3D crosstalk
luminance leakage into an observed monocular view from other monocular images that are
not designed to be seen at the observing position
Note 1 to entry: For a detailed measurement procedure, see IEC 62629-22-1.

62629-1-2 © IEC:2013 － 9－
Annex A
(informative)
Definition guideline for terms which include
“image”, “view” or “vision”
A.1 General
The terminology in Clause 2 avoids the definition of such short words as “image,” “view” or
“vision” (even though those words are used in many terms in Clause 2), because defining
them explicitly ends up confusing readers, as these words have multiple meanings in daily
usage. Instead, a brief description on how a term which includes one of these words is
defined is presented here to relieve readers’ confusion by indicating the reason why the short
word causes trouble.
A.2 Definition guideline
A.2.1 Stereoscopic image and stereoscopic view
“Image” and “view” are treated as an output from the display device and an input to a human
eye respectively. However, “image” is allowed to have another meaning of perceived object in
the brain as an exception because “image” is also treated as a product of “vision”, which
means the brain’s information processing of the optical input to the eyes (see Figure A.1).
Multi-view autostereoscopic displays make use of “group pixels,” a sequence of pixels that is
periodically arranged on the horizontal line of the display screen to control the emission of
th
light rays (see Figure A.2). Each i pixel in the “group pixels” emits a light ray in the specified
th
direction and thus all of i pixels have the same light direction. An “image” is composed of a
group of light rays in the same specified direction and therefore any two of the “images”
derive from different light sources. This means that “images” are mutually independent. On
the other hand, a human eye generally receives plural “images” because it has no filter that
selects a specified “image” and thus neighboring “views” are supposed to include the same
“image.” This means that “views” are not mutually independent. Readers’ confusion may come
from unawareness of the difference between “image” and “view,” or readers may confuse what
is presented to people with what is observed by people.

Input to an eye
Perceived object
Output from display
(a) Object
(b) Image (c) View (d) Image (perceived)
IEC  1582/13
Figure A.1 – Difference between “image” and “view”

– 10 – 62629-1-2 © IEC:2013
st th
1 pixel N pixel
(the right end in (the left end in
the group) the group)
Group pixels Group pixels
attached to a lenslet
attached to a lenslet
Display screen
Lens sheet
Lenslet
st
th
1 light rays
N light rays
Light direction Light direction
(a) Test image Im (b) Test image Im
1 N
IEC  1583/13
Figure A.2 – Structure of multi-view display
A.2.2 Convention in using the plural form of stereoscopic image and stereoscopic
view
In this standard, “stereoscopic image” and “stereoscopic view” mean a pair of “images” and
“views” as shown in Figure A.3. Therefore “stereoscopic image” and “stereoscopic view”
include two “monocular images” and “monocular views”, respectively. The stereoscopic
display using glasses and the two-view display present a single “stereoscopic view” in this
sense. The multi-view display presents a collection of “stereoscopic views”.
———————
Taken from IEC 62629-22-1.
62629-1-2 © IEC:2013 － 11－
stSertereoseoscopiccopi imc iagesmages
Stereoscopic Stereoscopic Stereoscopic
Stereoscopic
stereoscopic stereoscopic stereoscopic stereoscopic
image image image
image
image image image image
Mmonoconocularular
iimmageage
Mmonoconocularular
imimageage
Stereoscopic display
stereoscopic display
using glasses Multi-view display
multi-view display
using glasses
Glasses
glasses
Monocular
monocular
view
view
monocular
Monocular
view
view
Stereoscopic Stereoscopic Stereoscopic Stereoscopic
stereoscopic stereoscopic stereoscopic stereoscopic
view view view view
view view view view
Sstterereoseosccopicopi vc iewsviews

(a) Stereoscopic display using glasses (b) Multi-view display
IEC  1584/13
Figure A.3 – Stereoscopic images and stereoscopic views
A.2.3 Viewing angle and binocular vision
“Vision” is treated as the brain’s information processing of the optical input to the eyes in
order to generate an “image” in the brain; “vision” therefore has a higher-level meaning unlike
“view” which means an input to a human eye or simple seeing. “View” can be considered as a
primary sense whereas “vision” is a secondary sense in that it needs the fusion of visual
information received by both eyes. Readers may not notice that there is a big difference
between “view” and “vision.”
A.2.4 Integral imaging display
“Imaging” means signal processing in the display so that people can perceive an object in the
brain by observing the image of the object. “Imaging” is, therefore, different from “vision”
which is a secondary sense of human beings. Also note that “imaging” is different from
“image”, which is an output from the display. Readers may not understand those differences.

– 12 – 62629-1-2 © IEC:2013
Annex B
(informative)
Classification of 3D display types

B.1 General
The display types targeted in the IEC 62629 series are classified as in B.2.
B.2 Classification
B.2.1 3D display
The following classification is applied in the IEC 62629 series (see Figure B.1). The
measurement methods of stereoscopic display using glasses and autostereoscopic displays of
two-view, multi-view and integral imaging types are currently under consideration in the
series:
a) stereoscopic display;
b) autostereoscopic display; and
c) etc.
B.2.2 Stereoscopic display
Stereoscopic display is classified as follows:
a) stereoscopic display using glasses;
b) stereoscopic head-mount display;
c) autostereoscopic display; and
d) etc.
B.2.3 Autostereoscopic display
Autostereoscopic display is classified as follows:
a) two-view (autostereoscopic) display;
b) multi-view (autostereoscopic) display;
c) integral imaging (autostereoscopic) display; and
d) etc.
62629-1-2 © IEC:2013 － 13－
3D display
Stereoscopic display
Autostereoscopic display
Stereoscopic
display using
glasses
Two-view
Multi-view
Integral
imaging Volumetric
Stereoscopic
HMDs
Others
(hologram, etc.)
IEC  1585/13
NOTE Most 3D displays provide binocular parallax and hence they can be classified into stereoscopic displays. In
principle, however, there can be 3D displays that do not provide binocular parallax. A monocular 3D display that
gives depth perception by providing accommodation depth cue to a single eye is one example. Therefore strictly
speaking, a stereoscopic display is a subset of a 3D display.
Figure B.1 – Classification of 3D display

– 14 – 62629-1-2 © IEC:2013
Annex C
(informative)
Relation between depth perception and 3D display

C.1 General
The relation between depth perception and the 3D display is explained in C.2.
C.2 Relation between depth perception and 3D display
A human perceives depth from two slightly different projections of the world onto the retinas of
the two eyes. When the user watches 3D display, human eyes simultaneously rotate inward
as the 3D displays are not located at an infinite distance (convergence). Also the focal lengths
of the eyes are adjusted to the position of the 3D display (accommodation). When disparity of
the left and the right images is not zero, corresponding points for the left and right image (I
L
and I ) form the retinal images at the different positions on the retina of the left and the right
R
eyes (I′ and I′ ). When the crossing point between these two lines is not located on the 3D
L R
display, depth perception is induced.
Disparity
disparity
I(0)
L
I(0=) = I(I0)(0)
L R
R
3D
3D
display
display
II II
R L
R L
Crossing
crossing
location
location
Convergence
Convergence
(inward rotation)
Accommodation
( inward rotation)
(focal length
change)
I’
I′
I′I’ R
L R
L
I(0)’ II(0(0))′ ’
I(0)′
L R
L R
Interpupillary
Interpupillary
ddiisstatannccee
IEC  1586/13
Figure C.1 – Depth perception and 3D display
Accommodation
( focal length
change)
62629-1-2 © IEC:2013 － 15－
Annex D
(informative)
Lobe
In multi-view displays treated in this standard, a sequence of N pixels is repeatedly allocated
th
in a horizontal direction on the screen. In an ideal condition, every light ray from the k pixel
in the sequence passes through the viewpoint at the designed position and every light ray
th
from the (k + 1) pixel through the neighbouring viewpoint whose position is also designed,
where k is from 1 to N-1 and N is larger than 2 (see Figure A.2). In consequence, a sequence
of N viewpoints is repeatedly allocated in a horizontal direction in front of the screen and,
therefore, intersections of light rays from the screen form an area that includes each
sequence of N viewpoints (see Figure D.1). All the areas are called “lobe” and the area right
in front of the screen and the other areas are usually called “main lobe” and “side lobe”
respectively. If the left and right eyes are located in a lobe, stereopsis is induced, and if they
are located in two consecutive lobes respectively, pseudostereopsis is induced.

V 1
Panel
V 3 Side lobe
...