IEC 62282-4-600:2022

IEC 62282-4-600 ®
Edition 1.0 2022-08
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Fuel cell technologies –
Part 4-600: Fuel cell power systems for propulsion other than road vehicles and
auxiliary power units (APU) – Fuel cell/battery hybrid systems performance test
methods for excavators
Technologies des piles à combustible –
Partie 4-600: Systèmes à piles à combustible pour la propulsion, autres que les
véhicules routiers et groupes auxiliaires de puissance (GAP) – Méthodes
d’essai des performances des systèmes hybrides à piles à combustible/batterie
pour les pelles
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IEC 62282-4-600 ®
Edition 1.0 2022-08
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Fuel cell technologies –
Part 4-600: Fuel cell power systems for propulsion other than road vehicles and

auxiliary power units (APU) – Fuel cell/battery hybrid systems performance test

methods for excavators
Technologies des piles à combustible –

Partie 4-600: Systèmes à piles à combustible pour la propulsion, autres que les

véhicules routiers et groupes auxiliaires de puissance (GAP) – Méthodes

d’essai des performances des systèmes hybrides à piles à combustible/batterie

pour les pelles
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 27.070 ISBN 978-2-8322-4199-8

– 2 – IEC 62282-4-600:2022 © IEC 2022
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 8
3.1 Terms and definitions . 8
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 10
4 Symbols . 10
5 Configuration of fuel cell and battery hybrid power system . 12
5.1 General . 12
5.1.1 Overview . 12
5.1.2 Hybrid system . 12
6 Reference conditions . 13
7 Test preparation . 13
7.1 General . 13
7.2 Measurement system analysis . 13
7.3 Data acquisition plan . 13
8 Test set-up . 13
9 Instruments and measurement methods . 15
9.1 General . 15
9.2 Measurement instruments . 15
9.3 Measurement points . 16
9.4 Minimum required measurement systematic uncertainty . 17
10 Test conditions . 18
10.1 Laboratory conditions . 18
10.2 Installation and operating conditions of the system . 18
10.3 Power source conditions . 18
10.4 Quality of test fuel . 18
10.4.1 Hydrogen . 18
10.4.2 Methanol solution . 18
11 Operating process . 18
12 Test plan . 19
13 Type tests on electric performance . 20
13.1 General . 20
13.2 Fuel consumption test . 20
13.2.1 Gaseous and liquid hydrogen fuel consumption test. 20
13.2.2 Methanol fuel consumption test . 23
13.3 Electric power output test . 24
13.3.1 General . 24
13.3.2 Test method . 24
13.3.3 Calculation of average electric power output . 24
13.3.4 Determination of state of charge of the battery . 25
13.3.5 Computation of electrical efficiency . 25
13.4 Type test on operational performance . 25
13.4.1 Cold start maximum power output test . 25
13.4.2 Power cycling electrical load test . 26

13.4.3 Electric demand-following test . 26
14 Power stability during operation . 27
14.1 General . 27
14.2 Delivered power . 27
14.3 Regenerated power . 27
15 Type tests on environmental performance . 28
15.1 General . 28
15.2 Noise test . 28
15.2.1 General . 28
15.2.2 Test conditions . 28
15.3 Exhaust gas test . 30
15.3.1 General . 30
15.3.2 Components to be measured . 30
15.3.3 Test method . 30
15.3.4 Processing of data . 31
15.4 Discharge water test . 34
15.4.1 General . 34
15.4.2 Test method . 34
15.5 Vibration test . 34
15.5.1 General . 34
15.5.2 Vertical axis test . 35
15.5.3 Longitudinal and lateral axes tests . 35
15.5.4 Random vibration test . 35
16 Test mode of fuel cell/battery hybrid system on an excavator . 36
17 Test reports . 36
17.1 General . 36
17.2 Title page . 36
17.3 Table of contents . 36
17.4 Summary report . 36
Annex A (informative) Example of a test operation schedule . 37
Annex B (informative) Example of test mode for fuel cell/battery hybrid system . 38
B.1 Test modes for excavator . 38
B.1.1 General . 38
B.1.2 Driving mode . 38
B.1.3 Lifting mode . 38
B.1.4 Excavating mode . 38
B.1.5 Levelling mode . 38
B.1.6 Breaking mode . 38
B.2 Test condition . 39
Annex C (informative) Guidelines for the contents of detailed and full reports . 40
C.1 General . 40
C.2 Detailed report . 40
C.3 Full report . 40
Bibliography . 41

Figure 1 – Fuel cell/ battery hybrid systems block diagram . 8
Figure 2 – Fuel cell/battery hybrid system configuration . 12

– 4 – IEC 62282-4-600:2022 © IEC 2022
Figure 3 – Power hybridization of fuel cell and battery power system . 12
Figure 4 – Test set-up for fuel cell/battery hybrid system fed with hydrogen fuel which
supplies only electricity . 14
Figure 5 – Test set-up for fuel cell power system fed with methanol fuel which supplies
only electricity . 15
Figure 6 – Chronological series of changes in the operating state . 19
Figure 7 – Energy flow for regenerated power and delivered power . 27
Figure 8 – Noise measurement points for hybrid fuel cell power systems . 29
Figure 9 – Random vibration ASD . 35
Figure B.1 – Operation modes for excavator installed fuel cell/battery hybrid system . 38

Table 1 – Symbols and their meanings for electric/thermal performance . 10
Table 2 – Delivered power measurements . 27
Table 3 – Regenerated power measurements . 28
Table 4 – Compensation of readings against the effect of background noise . 29
Table A.1 – Example of a test operation schedule . 37
Table B.1 – Example of test mode for fuel cell/battery hybrid system with excavator . 39

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES –
Part 4-600: Fuel cell power systems for propulsion other than road
vehicles and auxiliary power units (APU) – Fuel cell/battery hybrid
systems performance test methods for excavators

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 62282-6-600 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 105: Fuel cell technologies. It
is an International Standard.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
105/914/FDIS 105/925/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.

– 6 – IEC 62282-4-600:2022 © IEC 2022
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/standardsdev/publications.
A list of all parts of IEC 62282 series, published under the general title Fuel cell technologies,
can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The "colour inside" logo on the cover page of this document indicates that it
contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of its
contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.

FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES –
Part 4-600: Fuel cell power systems for propulsion other than road
vehicles and auxiliary power units (APU) – Fuel cell/battery hybrid
systems performance test methods for excavators

1 Scope
This part of IEC 62282 covers the requirements for the performance test methods of fuel
cell/battery hybrid systems intended to be used for electrically powered applications for
excavators.
For this purpose, this document covers electrical performance and vibration tests for the fuel
cell/battery hybrid system. This document also covers performance test methods which focus
on vibration and other characteristics for balance of plant (BOP) installed in heavy-duty
applications with fuel cell/battery hybrid system.
This document applies to both gaseous hydrogen-fuelled fuel cell power, liquid hydrogen-fuelled
fuel cell power, direct methanol fuel cell power and battery hybrid power pack systems.
The following fuels are considered within the scope of this document:
– gaseous hydrogen, and
– methanol.
This document does not apply to reformer-equipped fuel cell power systems.
This document can be applied to fuel cell power systems used for either propulsion or for
auxiliary power units (APU) purposes. In case of APU, the same hybrid power pack can be used
on board or as a stationary APU. In case of the latter, this document can also be applied.
A block diagram of a fuel cell/battery hybrid system is shown in Figure 1. This document covers
the configuration, mode of hybridization, operation mode for fuel cell and battery in power pack
systems.
– 8 – IEC 62282-4-600:2022 © IEC 2022

Figure 1 – Fuel cell/ battery hybrid systems block diagram
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60050-485, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Part 485: Fuel cell
technologies
IEC 60068-2-64:2008, Environmental testing – Part 2-64: Tests – Test Fh: Vibration, broadband
random and guidance
IEC 60068-2-64:2008/AMD1:2019
IEC 62282-4-101:2022, Fuel cell technologies – Part 4-101: Fuel cell power systems for
propulsion other than road vehicles and auxiliary power units (APU) – Fuel cell power systems
for electrically powered industrial trucks – Safety
IEC 62282-6-300:2012, Fuel cell technologies – Part 6-300: Micro fuel cell power systems –
Fuel cartridge interchangeability
ISO 14687:2019, Hydrogen fuel quality – Product specification
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given IEC 60050-485 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1.1
fuel cell/battery hybrid system
fuel cell power system combined with a battery, for delivering useful electric power
Note 1 to entry: The fuel cell power system can deliver electric power, charge the battery, or both. The system can
deliver and accept electric energy.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-485:2020, 485-09-18]
3.1.2
fuel cell power system
generator system that uses one or more fuel cell modules (IEV 485-09-03) to generate electric
power and heat
3.1.3
secondary battery
secondary cell
cell which is designed to be electrically recharged
Note 1 to entry: The recharge is accomplished by way of a reversible chemical reaction. Secondary batteries such
as lithium-ion battery, metal-air battery, lead acid battery, nickel-metal hydride battery, etc, can be recharged by
electric power from the fuel cell and/or from an outside power source.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-01-03, modified – the term “secondary battery” has been
added and a second sentence has been added to the note.]
3.1.4
power conditioning system
electric or electronic system able to convert generated power into the requested output
conditions
3.1.5
load levelling system
electric or electronic device able to balance the power flow among the fuel cell stack, secondary
batteries and load
Note 1 to entry: It is a method where during periods of high-power demand the secondary batteries can provide
additional electrical power to the energy provided from the fuel cell stack to meet electrical demand. During periods
of lower electrical power demand, the power from the fuel cell stack can be stored in the secondary batteries.
3.1.6
active hybrid system
hybrid system equipped with a DC/DC converter between the fuel cell and the battery, adjusting
the voltage of each power source to the bus voltage and managing the power sharing between
each power source
3.1.7
state of charge
SOC
available capacity in a battery pack or system expressed as a percentage of rated capacity

– 10 – IEC 62282-4-600:2022 © IEC 2022
3.2 Abbreviated terms
BMS Battery management system
BOD Biochemical oxygen demand
BOP Balance of plant
FID Flame ionizer detector
EMS Energy management system
FMS Fuel cell management system
SOC State of charge
THC Total hydrocarbon
4 Symbols
The symbols and their meanings used in this part of IEC 62282 are given in Table 1 for
electric/thermal performance with the appropriate units.
Table 1 – Symbols and their meanings for electric/thermal performance
Symbol Definition Unit
E Energy
E Energy input of gaseous fuel per unit mass kJ/kg
mf
E Energy input of the fuel per unit volume
kJ/m
Vf
E Fuel energy input kJ
fin
H Heating value
H Heating value of fuel on a molar basis under reference conditions kJ/mol
f0
H Heating value of component j at reference temperature T kJ/mol
f0j 0
H Heating value of liquid fuel kJ/kg
fl
M Molar mass
M Molar mass of fuel kg/mol
f
m Mass
m
Fuel mass measured over the test duration kg
f
P, dP Power, power change rate
P Average net electric power output kW
n
P Electric power output change range between P and P kW
d rated min
P Rated electric power output kW
rated
P Minimum electric power output kW
min
dP
Decrease rate of electric power output kW/s
down
dP Increase rate of electric power output kW/s
up
p Pressure
p Reference pressure (101,325 kPa(abs)) kPa
(abs)
p
Average fuel pressure kPa
f
(abs)
q
Mass flow rate
m
q Average mass flow rate of fuel kg/s
mf
Symbol Definition Unit
q Volumetric flow rate
V
q Average volumetric flow rate of fuel under the test conditions
m /s
Vf
q Average volumetric flow rate of fuel under reference conditions
m /s
Vf0
T Temperature
T Reference temperature (288,15 K) K
T Average fuel temperature K
f
T Standard temperature (273,15 K) K
s
t Time
Δt Test duration s
Δt Start-up time s
st
t Start-up initiation time s
st1
t Start-up completion time s
st2
Δt
Shutdown time s
shut
t Shutdown initiation time s
shut1
t Shutdown completion time s
shut2
Δt Duration of the decrease in electric power output from t to t s
lcdown lc1 lc2
Δt Duration of the increase in electric power output from t to t s
lcup lc3 lc4
t Duration of the rated power output phase of an operation cycle from start-up, over ramp-up s
rated
and rated power operation to shutdown
V Volume
V
Fuel volume measured over the test duration
m
f
V Molar volume
m
−2 3 3
V
Reference molar volume of ideal gas (2,364 5 × 10 m /mol at reference temperature m /mol
m
−2 3
T = 288,15 K or 2,241 4 × 10 m /mol at standard temperature T = 273,15 K, both at
0 s
reference pressure p = 101,325 kPa)
W Electric energy
W Electric energy output kW·h
out
W Electric energy input kW·h
in
W Electric energy required over the duration from the start-up initiation time, t to the battery kW·h
instbat st1
recharge completion time, t
st3bat
W Electric energy input during shutdown time kW·h
inshut
W Net electric energy output during an operating cycle from start-up, over ramp-up and rated kW·h
outcyc
operation to shutdown
x Molar ratio
x
Molar ratio of component j
j
η Efficiency
η
Electrical efficiency %
el
η Operation cycle electrical efficiency %
cyc
– 12 – IEC 62282-4-600:2022 © IEC 2022
5 Configuration of fuel cell and battery hybrid power system
5.1 General
5.1.1 Overview
There are two general types of configurations for the power mode operating electrically powered
excavators contemplated by this document (------see Figure 2):
1) pure fuel cell mode: operates only a fuel cell power source without a battery hybrid power
source;
2) fuel cell/battery hybrid mode: operates in cooperation with a main fuel cell and a secondary
battery.
Figure 2 – Fuel cell/battery hybrid system configuration
5.1.2 Hybrid system
In an active hybrid system, a DC/DC converter shall be installed between the fuel cell and each
battery. The converter adjusts the voltage of each power source to the bus voltage and manages
the power sharing between each power source (see Figure 3).

Figure 3 – Power hybridization of fuel cell and battery power system

6 Reference conditions
The reference conditions are specified as follows:
– reference temperature: T = 288,15 K (15 °C);
– reference pressure: p = 101,325 kPa (abs).
7 Test preparation
7.1 General
Clause 7 describes typical items that shall be considered prior to the implementation of a test.
For each test, an effort shall be made to minimize uncertainty by selecting high-precision
instruments and planning the tests carefully with attention to detail. Detailed test plans shall be
prepared by the parties to the test using this document as their basis. A written test plan shall
be prepared.
The following items shall be considered for the test plan:
a) objective;
b) test specifications;
c) test personnel qualifications;
d) quality management standards (e.g. ISO 9000 or other equivalent standards);
e) target uncertainty;
f) identification of measurement instruments (refer to Clause 9);
g) estimated range of test parameters;
h) data acquisition plan.
7.2 Measurement system analysis
A measurement system analysis shall be performed on the test item below to indicate the
reliability of the test results. The following test results shall be analysed to determine the
absolute and relative uncertainty. A test shall be planned so that the reliability of the results
can be evaluated for the following:
– electrical efficiency
7.3 Data acquisition plan
In order to meet the target uncertainty, the proper duration and frequency of readings shall be
defined and suitable data recording equipment shall be prepared before the performance test.
Automatic data acquisition using an appropriate digital system is preferable.
8 Test set-up
Figure 4 and Figure 5 are examples of the test set-up that are required to conduct fuel
cell/battery hybrid systems with gaseous fuel and methanol described in this document.

– 14 – IEC 62282-4-600:2022 © IEC 2022

Ⓐ ammeter
Ⓥ voltmeter
Ⓣ thermometer
ⓟ pressure gauge
Ⓕ integrating flowmeter
Ⓟ electric power meter
Ⓦ electric energy meter
ⓠ flowmeter
a
The discharge water is directed to a collecting device to measure volume (or mass), pH, BOD (biochemical oxygen
demand), COD (chemical oxygen demand).
b
The exhaust gas is directed to a collecting device to analyse components.
Figure 4 – Test set-up for fuel cell/battery hybrid system fed
with hydrogen fuel which supplies only electricity

Figure 5 – Test set-up for fuel cell power system fed
with methanol fuel which supplies only electricity
9 Instruments and measurement methods
9.1 General
Measurement instruments and measurement methods shall conform to the relevant
international standards. They shall be selected to meet the measurement range specified by
the manufacturer and the required accuracy of measurements.
9.2 Measurement instruments
Measurement instruments are listed according to their intended use:
a) apparatus for measuring the electric power output, electric power input, electric energy
input, and electric energy output:
– electric power meters, electric energy meters, voltmeters, ammeters;
– for systems that include batteries, a high-speed voltage recorder such as an oscilloscope
is required for measuring the increase rate of electric power because the rate is
extremely rapid in general (in the order of milliseconds);
b) apparatus for measuring fuel input:
– flowmeters, integrating flowmeters, scales, pressure sensors, temperature sensors;
c) apparatus for measuring ambient conditions:
– barometers, hygrometers, and temperature sensors;

– 16 – IEC 62282-4-600:2022 © IEC 2022
d) apparatus for measuring the noise level:
– sound level meters as specified in IEC 61672-1 or other measuring instruments of
equivalent or better accuracy.
The settings of the measuring instruments are as follows:
– frequency-weighted characteristic: A;
– time-weighted characteristic: S;
– unit: dB (for characteristic A, the display of the frequency-weighted characteristic may
be omitted);
e) apparatus for measuring volume fractions (concentrations) of the exhaust gas components:
– oxygen analyzer (e.g. based on paramagnetic, electrochemical or zirconium oxide
sensors);
– carbon dioxide analyzer (e.g. GC-MS or based on infrared absorption sensor);
– carbon monoxide analyzer (e.g. based on nondispersive infrared or electrochemical
sensor);
– total hydrocarbon (THC) analyzer (e.g. a flame ionizer detector (FID));
– Hydrogen analyzer (e.g. based on semiconductor, field effect transistor or
electrochemical sensor).
f) apparatus for determining the discharge water:
– graduated cylinder (for volume measurement), water trap, temperature sensor, pH
meters, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) probes, hydrometer.
9.3 Measurement points
Measurement points for different parameters are described below according to
IEC 62282-4-101 and IEC 60945.
a) Hydrogen fuel flow rate:
place a mass flowmeter for fuel on the fuel supply line to the fuel cell power system to
measure the fuel flow rate.
b) Hydrogen integrated fuel input:
place an integrating flowmeter for fuel on the fuel supply line to the fuel cell power system
to measure the fuel input. The integrating flowmeter may combine a flowmeter that
measures the fuel flow rate.
c) Methanol fuel flow rate:
place a mass flow meter or weight meter under the fuel tank to measure the weight of fuel
and tank together. Methanol fuel input weight is measured by subtracting the weight after
the test from that before the test.
d) Fuel temperature:
connect a thermometer immediately downstream of the fuel flowmeter.
e) Fuel pressure:
place a pressure meter immediately downstream of the fuel flowmeter to measure the gauge
pressure of fuel.
f) Electric power output:
connect an electric power meter to the electric power output terminal of the fuel cell/battery
hybrid system and close to the system boundary.
g) Electric power input:
connect an electric power meter to the electric power input terminal of the fuel cell/battery
hybrid system and close to the system boundary. In case no separate electric power input
terminal exists, this measuring point can be substituted with the electric power output,
provided that it is equipped with a bidirectional meter.

h) Electric energy output:
connect an electric energy meter to the electric power output terminal of the fuel cell/battery
hybrid system and close to the system boundary. The electric energy meter may incorporate
an electric power meter that indicates electric power output.
i) Electric energy input:
connect an electric energy meter to the electric power input terminal of the fuel cell/battery
hybrid system and close to the system boundary. The electric energy meter may incorporate
an electric power meter that indicates electric power input. In case no separate electric
energy input terminal exists, this measuring point can be substituted with the electric energy
output, provided that it is equipped with a bidirectional meter.
j) Fuel composition:
the fuel used during the tests shall be sampled and analyzed on its composition.
k) Atmospheric pressure:
place an absolute pressure meter adjacent to the fuel cell power system where it will not be
affected by ventilation of the fuel cell power system.
l) Atmospheric temperature:
place a thermometer adjacent to the fuel cell power system where the thermometer will not
be affected by air intake or exhaust of the fuel cell power system.
m) Atmospheric humidity:
place a hygrometer adjacent to the fuel cell power system where the hygrometer will not be
affected by air intake or exhaust of the fuel cell power system.
n) Noise level:
see 15.2.2.2.
o) Exhaust gas:
place one or more exhaust gas collecting probes combined with a temperature sensor in the
exhaust stream at the exhaust gas outlet; see Figure 1.
p) Discharge water:
place a discharge water reservoir combined with a temperature sensor at the discharge
water outlet; see Figure 1.
9.4 Minimum required measurement systematic uncertainty
Test equipment should be chosen in a way that the systematic uncertainty of measurement is
below ±1 % for the system except ±5 of relative humidity for electrical efficiency.
In order to reach the desired efficiency uncertainties, the following systematic measurement
uncertainties of the equipment are recommended. They are given in percentage of
measured/calculated values or as absolute values:
– electric power: ±1 %;
– electric energy: ±1 %;
– fuel gas flow rate: ±1 %;
– integrated gas flow: ±1 %;
– liquid flow rate: ±1 %;
– mass: ±1 % of the mass to be determined (not including the tare weight);
– relative humidity: ±5 %;
– absolute pressure: ±1 %;
– fuel gas and discharge water temperature: ±1 K.

– 18 – IEC 62282-4-600:2022 © IEC 2022
10 Test conditions
10.1 Laboratory conditions
Unless otherwise specified, performance shall be tested in the environment specified below:
– temperature: 20 °C ± 5 °C;
– humidity: 65 % ± 20 % relative humidity;
– pressure: between 91 kPa (abs) and 106 kPa (abs).
For each test run, the laboratory conditions shall be measured. As air quality can affect fuel cell
power system performance, laboratory air composition (CO , CO, SO and so forth) shall be
2 2
reported with the test result.
10.2 Installation and operating conditions of the system
The installation and operating conditions of the fuel cell/battery hybrid system shall be the
conditions specified by the manufacturer (as described in the instruction manual or otherwise)
unless otherwise provided.
10.3 Power source conditions
Systems may be equipped with a means (for example, a display method or an ou
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