EN 62209-2:2010

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2010
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Human exposure to radio frequency fields from hand-held and bodymounted wireless
communication devices - Human models, instrumentation, and procedures - Part 2:
Procedure to determine the specific absorption rate (SAR) for wireless communication
devices used in close proximity to the human body (frequency range of 30 MHz to 6
GHz) (IEC 62209-2:2010)
Sicherheit von Personen in hochfrequenten Feldern von handgehaltenen und am Körper
getragenen schnurlosen Kommunikationsgeräten - Körpermodelle, Messgeräte und
Verfahren - Teil 2: Verfahren zur Bestimmung der spezifischen Absorptionsrate (SAR)
von schnurlosen Kommunikationsgeräten, die in enger Nachbarschaft zum menschlichen
Körper verwendet werden (Frequenzbereich von 30 MHz bis 6 GHz) (IEC 62209-2:2010)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 62209-2:2010
ICS:
13.280 Varstvo pred sevanjem Radiation protection
33.050.10 Telefonska oprema Telephone equipment
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 62209-2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
June 2010
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 33.050.10
English version
Human exposure to radio frequency fields from hand-held and body-
mounted wireless communication devices -
Human models, instrumentation, and procedures -
Part 2: Procedure to determine the specific absorption rate (SAR)
for wireless communication devices used in close proximity to the human
body (frequency range of 30 MHz to 6 GHz)
(IEC 62209-2:2010)
Exposition humaine aux champs radio Sicherheit von Personen
fréquence produits par les dispositifs in hochfrequenten Feldern
de communications sans fils tenus à la von handgehaltenen und am Körper
main ou portés près du corps - getragenen schnurlosen
Modèles du corps humain, instrumentation Kommunikationsgeräten – Körpermodelle,
et procédures - Messgeräte und Verfahren – Teil 2:
Partie 2: Procédure pour la détermination Verfahren zur Bestimmung
du débit d'absorption spécifique produit der spezifischen Absorptionsrate (SAR)
par les dispositifs de communications von schnurlosen Kommunikationsgeräten,
sans fils utilisés très près du corps humain die in enger Nachbarschaft
(gamme de fréquence de 30 MHz zum menschlichen Körper verwendet
à 6 GHz) werden (Frequenzbereich von 30 MHz
(CEI 62209-2:2010) bis 6 GHz)
(IEC 62209-2:2010)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2010-06-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply
with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard
the status of a national standard without any alteration.

Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified
to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.

CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels

© 2010 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 62209-2:2010 E
Foreword
The text of document 106/195/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 62209-1, prepared by IEC TC 106, Methods
for the assessment of electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields associated with human exposure, was
submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 62209-2 on
2010-06-01.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN and CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
The following dates were fixed:
– latest date by which the EN has to be implemented
at national level by publication of an identical
national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2011-03-01
– latest date by which the national standards conflicting
with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2013-06-01
Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC.
__________
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 62209-2:2010 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards indicated:
[30] IEC 62311:2007 NOTE  Harmonized as EN 62311:2008 (modified).
[31] IEC 62479 NOTE  Harmonized as EN 62479.
[34] ISO 10012:2003 NOTE  Harmonized as EN ISO 10012:2003 (not modified).
__________
- 3 - EN 62209-2:2010
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.

NOTE  When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD
applies.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year

IEC 62209-1 2005 Human exposure to radio frequency fields EN 62209-1 2006
from hand-held and body-mounted wireless
communication devices - Human models,
instrumentation, and procedures -
Part 1: Procedure to determine the specific
absorption rate (SAR) for hand-held devices
used in close proximity to the ear (frequency
range of 300 MHz to 3 GHz)
ISO/IEC 17025 2005 General requirements for the competence of EN ISO/IEC 17025 2005
testing and calibration laboratories

IEC 62209-2 ®
Edition 1.0 2010-03
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Human exposure to radio frequency fields from hand-held and body-mounted
wireless communication devices – Human models, instrumentation, and procedures –
Part 2: Procedure to determine the specific absorption rate (SAR) for wireless
communication devices used in close proximity to the human body (frequency
range of 30 MHz to 6 GHz)
Exposition humaine aux champs radiofréquence produits par les dispositifs de
communications sans fils tenus à la main ou portés près du corps – Modèles de
corps humain, instrumentation et procédures –
Partie 2: Procédure de détermination du débit d'absorption spécifique produit par
les appareils de communications sans fil utilisés très près du corps humain
(gamme de fréquences de 30 MHz à 6 GHz)

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
XE
CODE PRIX
ICS 33.050.10 ISBN 2-8318-1087-0
– 2 – 62209-2 © IEC:2010
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.5
INTRODUCTION.7
1 Scope.8
2 Normative references .8
3 Terms and definitions .9
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms.12
4.1 Physical quantities .12
4.2 Constants.12
4.3 Abbreviations .12
5 Measurement system specifications .13
5.1 General requirements.13
5.2 Phantom specifications – shell and liquid .14
5.2.1 General requirements .14
5.2.2 Phantom material, shape and size .14
5.2.3 Tissue-equivalent liquid material properties .15
5.3 Measurement instrumentation system specifications .17
5.3.1 General requirements .17
5.3.2 Scanning system .17
5.3.3 Probes.17
5.3.4 Probe calibration .17
5.3.5 Specifications for fixture(s) to hold the DUT in the test position .17
6 Protocol for SAR evaluation.18
6.1 Measurement preparation.18
6.1.1 General preparation.18
6.1.2 System check .18
6.1.3 Preparation of the device under test .18
6.1.4 Position of the device under test in relation to the phantom .20
6.1.5 Test frequencies.30
6.2 Tests to be performed .30
6.2.1 General requirements .30
6.2.2 Test reductions.30
6.2.3 General test procedure .31
6.2.4 Fast SAR evaluations .32
6.3 Measurement procedure.34
6.3.1 General procedure.34
6.3.2 Procedures for testing of DUTs with simultaneous multi-band
transmission .35
6.4 Post-processing .37
6.4.1 Interpolation .37
6.4.2 Probe offset extrapolation.37
6.4.3 Definition of averaging volume.37
6.4.4 Searching for the maxima .38
7 Uncertainty estimation .38
7.1 General considerations.38
7.1.1 Concept of uncertainty estimation.38
7.1.2 Type A and type B evaluations .38

62209-2 © IEC:2010 – 3 –
7.1.3 Degrees of freedom and coverage factor .39
7.2 Components contributing to uncertainty.40
7.2.1 General .40
7.2.2 Contribution of the measurement system (probe and associated
electronics).40
7.2.3 Contribution of mechanical constraints .46
7.2.4 Contribution of physical parameters.49
7.2.5 Contribution of post-processing .53
7.2.6 Standard source offset and tolerance .57
7.3 Uncertainty estimation.58
7.3.1 Combined and expanded uncertainties .58
7.3.2 Maximum expanded uncertainty .58
8 Measurement report .64
8.1 General .64
8.2 Items to be recorded in the measurement report.64
Annex A (informative) Phantom rationale .66
Annex B (normative) SAR measurement system verification .69
Annex C (informative) Fast SAR testing .78
Annex D (informative) Standard sources and phantoms for system validation .80
Annex E (informative) Example recipes for phantom tissue-equivalent liquids .86
Annex F (normative) SAR correction for deviations of complex permittivity from targets.89
Annex G (informative) Hands-free kit testing.91
Annex H (informative) Skin enhancement factor.94
Annex I (informative) Tissue-equivalent liquid dielectric property measurements and
measurement uncertainty estimation.98
Annex J (informative) Testing compliance for the exposure of the hand . 100
Annex K (informative) Test reduction .102
Annex L (normative) Power scaling procedure . 104
Annex M (informative) Rationale for probe parameters . 106
Bibliography.108

Figure 1 – Dimensions of the elliptical phantom .15
Figure 2 – Definition of reference points .21
Figure 3 – Measurements by shifting of the device at the phantom .22
Figure 4 – Test positions for a generic device .23
Figure 5 – Test positions for body-worn devices .24
Figure 6 – Device with swivel antenna (example of desktop device).24
Figure 7 – Test positions for body supported devices.26
Figure 8 – Test positions for desktop devices .27
Figure 9 – Test positions for front-of-face devices.28
Figure 10 – Test position for limb-worn devices .29
Figure 11 – Test position for clothing-integrated wireless devices .30
Figure 12 – Block diagram of the tests to be performed .33
Figure 13 – Orientation of the probe with respect to the normal of the phantom surface.35
Figure B.1 – Set-up for the system check.71

– 4 – 62209-2 © IEC:2010
Figure D.1 – Mechanical details of the reference dipole .82
Figure D.2 – Dimensions of the flat phantom set-up used for deriving the minimal
dimensions for W and L .83
Figure D.3 – FDTD predicted uncertainty in the 10 g peak spatial-average SAR as a
function of the dimensions of the flat phantom compared with an infinite flat phantom .84
Figure D.4 – Standard waveguide source.85
Figure G.1 – Configuration of a wired personal hands-free headset .91
Figure G.2 – Configuration without a wired personal hands-free headset .92
Figure H.1 – SAR and temperature increase (ΔT) distributions simulated for a three-
layer (skin, fat, muscle) planar torso model.94
Figure H.2 –Statistical approach to protect 90 % of the population.95
Figure H.3 – Spatial-average SAR skin enhancement factors.96
Figure J.1 – Test position for hand-held devices, not used at the head or torso . 100

Table 1 – Dielectric properties of the tissue-equivalent liquid material .16
Table 2 – Example uncertainty template and example numerical values for relative
permittivity (ε′ ) and conductivity (σ) measurement; separate tables may be needed
r
for each ε′ and σ.50
r
Table 3 – Parameters for reference function f .54
Table 4 – Reference SAR values in watts per kilogram used for estimating post-
processing uncertainties .55
Table 5 – Measurement uncertainty evaluation template for DUT SAR test .59
Table 6 – Measurement uncertainty evaluation template for system validation .61
Table 7 – Measurement uncertainty evaluation template for system repeatability.63
Table B.1 – Numerical reference SAR values for reference dipoles and flat phantom −
All values are normalized to a forward power of 1 W.76
Table B.2 – Numerical reference SAR values for reference matched waveguides in
contact with flat phantom (from reference [53]) .77
Table D.1 – Mechanical dimensions of the reference dipoles .81
Table D.2 – Parameters used for calculation of reference SAR values in Table B.1 .84
Table D.3 – Mechanical dimensions of the standard waveguide .85
Table E.1 – Suggested recipes for achieving target dielectric parameters .87
Table F.1 – Root-mean-squared error of Equations (F.1) to (F.3) as a function of the
maximum change in permittivity or conductivity [13].90
Table H.1 – Spatial-average SAR correction factors.96
Table I.1 – Parameters for calculating the dielectric properties of various reference
liquids.
Table I.2 – Dielectric properties of reference liquids at 20 °C.99
Table M.1 – Minimum probe requirements as a function of frequency and parameters
of the tissue equivalent liquid.106
Table M.2 – Extrapolation and integration uncertainty of the 10 g peak spatial average
SAR (k=2) for homogeneous and graded meshes .107

62209-2 © IEC:2010 – 5 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
HUMAN EXPOSURE TO RADIO FREQUENCY FIELDS FROM HAND-HELD
AND BODY-MOUNTED WIRELESS COMMUNICATION DEVICES –
HUMAN MODELS, INSTRUMENTATION, AND PROCEDURES –

Part 2: Procedure to determine the specific absorption rate (SAR)
for wireless communication devices used in close proximity
to the human body (frequency range of 30 MHz to 6 GHz)

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
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with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 62209-2 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 106:
Methods for the assessment of electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields associated with
human exposure.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
106/195/FDIS 106/200/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.

– 6 – 62209-2 © IEC:2010
The French version of this standard has not been voted upon.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts of the IEC 62209 series, published under the general title Human exposure
to radio frequency fields from hand-held and body-mounted wireless communication devices –
Human models, instrumentation, and procedures, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
62209-2 © IEC:2010 – 7 –
INTRODUCTION
The IEC work item “Evaluation of the Human Exposure to Radio Fields from Hand-Held and
Body-Mounted Wireless Communication Devices in the Frequency range 30 MHz to 6 GHz
(Human Models, Instrumentation, Procedures),” has the objective to measure the human
exposure from devices intended to be used at a position near the human body. This standard
was developed to provide procedures to evaluate exposures due to any electromagnetic field
(EMF) transmitting device when held in the hand or in front of the face, mounted on the body,
combined with other transmitters within a product, or embedded in garments. The types of
devices dealt with include but are not limited to mobile telephones, cordless telephones,
cordless microphones, auxiliary broadcast devices and radio transmitters in personal
computers. For transmitters used in close proximity to the human ear, specific absorption rate
(SAR) measurements should be performed using the procedures of IEC 62209-1:2005.
TC 106 has the scope to prepare international standards on measurement and calculation
methods used to assess human exposure to electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields.
The task includes assessment methods for the exposure produced by specific sources. It
applies to basic restrictions and reference levels. Although the establishment of exposure
limits is not within the scope of TC 106, the results of assessments performed in accordance
with TC 106 standards can be compared with the basic restrictions of relevant standards and
guidelines. Conformity assessment depends on the policy of national regulatory bodies.
A Category D liaison in IEC involves organizations that can make an effective technical
contribution and participate at the working group level or specific project level of the IEC
technical committees or subcommittees. Obvious goals are standards harmonization and
minimizing duplication of effort. The work of IEC technical committee 106 (TC 106) and IEEE
International Committee on Electromagnetic Safety (ICES SCC39), technical committee 34
(TC 34), is an example where two international committees worked together informally
through common membership to achieve the goal of harmonization, specifically between IEC
Project Team 62209 (PT 62209) on the “Procedure to Measure the Specific Absorption Rate
(SAR) for Hand-Held Mobile Telephones” and IEEE/SCC39-ICES/TC34 on IEEE Std
1528-2003 “IEEE Recommended Practice for Determining the Peak Spatial-Average Specific
Absorption Rate (SAR) in the Human Head from Wireless Communications Devices:
Measurement Techniques” [3 2] .
IEEE/SCC39-ICES/TC34 has a similar project. Because the project is more advanced in IEC,
a Category D liaison was sought in order to avoid divergence of standards and duplication of
work. Thus, rather than developing two separate standards (IEC and IEEE), the IEEE
committee felt it would be more efficient to develop a single IEC standard with direct input
from the members of IEEE/SCC39-ICES/TC34, many of whom are also members of PT 62209
or are from the same organizations that send delegates to participate in the work of
PT 62209. The Category D liaison is limited only to this project (Part 2 of IEC 62209 series).

___________
Figures in square brackets refer to the Bibliography.

– 8 – 62209-2 © IEC:2010
HUMAN EXPOSURE TO RADIO FREQUENCY FIELDS FROM HAND-HELD
AND BODY-MOUNTED WIRELESS COMMUNICATION DEVICES –
HUMAN MODELS, INSTRUMENTATION, AND PROCEDURES –

Part 2: Procedure to determine the specific absorption rate (SAR)
for wireless communication devices used in close proximity
to the human body (frequency range of 30 MHz to 6 GHz)

1 Scope
This part of IEC 62209 series is applicable to any wireless communication device capable of
transmitting electromagnetic fields (EMF) intended to be used at a position near the human
body, in the manner described by the manufacturer, with the radiating part(s) of the device at
distances up to and including 200 mm from a human body, i.e. when held in the hand or in
front of the face, mounted on the body, combined with other transmitting or non-transmitting
devices or accessories (e.g. belt-clip, camera or Bluetooth add-on), or embedded in
garments. For transmitters used in close proximity to the human ear, the procedures of
IEC 62209-1:2005 are applicable.
This standard is applicable for radio frequency exposure in the frequency range of 30 MHz to
6 GHz, and may be used to measure simultaneous exposures from multiple radio sources
used in close proximity to human body. Definitions and evaluation procedures are provided for
the following general categories of device types: body-mounted, body-supported, desktop,
front-of-face, hand-held, laptop, limb-mounted, multi-band, push-to-talk, clothing-integrated.
The types of devices considered include but are not limited to mobile telephones, cordless
microphones, auxiliary broadcast devices and radio transmitters in personal computers.
This International Standard gives guidelines for a reproducible and conservative
measurement methodology for determining the compliance of wireless devices with the SAR
limits.
Because studies suggest that exclusion of features to represent a hand in human models
constitutes a conservative case scenario for SAR in the trunk and the head, a representation
of a hand is not included if the device is intended to be used next to the head or supported on
or near the torso [73 ] , [80]. This standard does not apply for exposures from transmitting or
non-transmitting implanted medical devices. This standard does not apply for exposure from
devices at distances greater than 200 mm away from the human body.
IEC 62209-2 makes cross-reference to IEC 62209-1:2005 where complete clauses or
subclauses apply, along with any changes specified.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 62209-1:2005, Human exposure to radio frequency fields from hand-held and body-
mounted wireless communication devices – Human models, instrumentation, and procedures
– Part 1: Procedure to determine the specific absorption rate (SAR) for hand-held devices
used in close proximity to the ear (frequency range of 300 MHz to 3 GHz)

62209-2 © IEC:2010 – 9 –
ISO/IEC 17025:2005, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration
laboratories
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in the IEC 62209-1:2005,
as well the following apply.
3.1
accessory
optional component that can be used in conjunction with a transmitting device
EXAMPLES
Accessories for mobile phones, wireless transmitting devices, wireless receiving devices or wireless transceiving
devices, or two-way radios include the following:
a) accessories for holding, affixing, or otherwise carrying, wearing or attaching the device, as well as providing
spacing from the body (e.g. a belt-clip, wrist-strap or any other body strap, or lanyard for wearing the device
as necklace);
b) electronic accessories for performing tasks or which provide features (e.g., GPS modules, outboard printers,
MP3 players, cameras or viewing devices);
c) electronic accessories providing audio or video input or output (e.g., headsets, microphones, cameras);
d) accessories providing enhanced RF capability to the device (e.g., replacement or auxiliary antennas);
e) batteries and related d.c. power components;
f) combinations of accessories, where two or more of the above are combined within one component (e.g., belt
clip with built-in Bluetooth and “pigtail” audio cable to device).
3.2
body-mounted device
body-worn device
portable device containing a wireless transmitter or transceiver which is positioned in close
proximity to a person’s torso or limbs (excluding the head) by means of a carry accessory
during its intended use or operation of its radio functions
3.3
body-supported device
a device whose intended use includes transmitting with any portion of the device being held
directly against a user’s body
NOTE This differs from a body-mounted device in that it is not attached to a user’s body by means of a carry
accessory
3.4
cable
wire that is necessary for the functionality in the intended operational configuration
3.5
conservative exposure
estimate of the peak spatial-average SAR, including uncertainties as defined in this standard,
representative of and slightly higher than expected to occur in the bodies of a significant
majority of persons during intended use of hand-held devices
NOTE Conservative estimate does not mean the absolute maximum SAR value that could possibly occur under
every conceivable combination of body size, body shape, wireless device orientation, and spacing relative to the
body. In order to ensure that the results are not overly restrictive, and thereby unnecessarily inhibit the
___________
Both terms are used. Colloquially the term “body-worn” is preferred over “body-mounted”.

– 10 – 62209-2 © IEC:2010
advancement of new mobile communications technologies, SAR overestimates should be as small as possible. For
example, overestimates of the order of 20 % have been reported for head exposures [7 8 ], [79], and were deemed
reasonable. Achieving an optimal compromise between over- or underestimate conditions is a complex task, which
is why the conductivity of the tissue-equivalent liquid is not selected to be arbitrarily large, for example.
3.6
desktop device
a device placed or mounted on a desk, table, or similar supporting structure, and the antenna
of which is intended to be operated closer than 200 mm from the human body
3.7
device under test
DUT
a device that contains one or more wireless transmitters or transceivers that is subject to this
standard
NOTE A device under test may be further categorised as a body-worn, body-supported, desktop, front-of-face,
hand-held, limb-worn, clothing-integrated or as a generic device.
3.8
duty factor
operational time averaging factor
the proportion of time that a transmitter transmits over a specified period
3.9
front-of-face device
hand-held device operated in close proximity to the face
EXAMPLE Front-of-face device types include push-to-talk devices, two-way radios, devices equipped with a
camera.
3.10
generic device
a device that cannot be categorized as any of the specific device types
3.11
hand-held device
a portable device which is located in a user’s hand during its intended use
3.12
host
any equipment which has complete user functionality when not connected to the radio
equipment part and to which the radio equipment part provides additional functionality and to
which connection is necessary for the radio equipment part to offer functionality
3.13
intended use
intended purpose
use for which a product, process or service is intended according to the specifications,
instructions and information provided by the manufacturer. Also, use of a device for the full
range of available functions, in accordance with the specifications, instructions and
information provided by the manufacturer
NOTE 1 User guide instructions may include the intended use operating position and orientation.
NOTE 2 Intended use, i.e. the way a manufacturer specifies that a device should be used may not encompass all
possible use conditions.
62209-2 © IEC:2010 – 11 –
3.14
laptop device
portable computer
a portable device containing one or more wireless transceivers, that can sit on the user’s lap
and is not intended for hand-held use
NOTE Laptop device types include laptop (notebook) computers, typically comprised of separate keyboard and
display sections connected by hinge, and tablet computers, which typically have a one-section construction where
the display section also serves as input interface using a stylus or virtual keyboard.
3.15
limb-mounted device
a device whose intended use includes being strapped to the arm or leg of the user while
transmitting (except in idle mode)
EXAMPLE Limb-mounted device types include wrist-mounted, ankle-mounted, and forearm-mounted devices.
3.16
measurement drift
continuous or incremental change over time in indication, due to changes in metrological
properties of a measuring instrument
3.17
multi-band transmission
operation mode for transmitting on several radio frequency bands simultaneously
3.18
output power
power at the output of the RF transmitter when the antenna, or a load with the same
impedance at the test frequency and in the considered test position, is connected to it
3.19
peak SAR value, primary
largest SAR value determined in an area scan measurement
3.20
peak SAR value, secondary
other local SAR maxima determined in an area scan measurement that are smaller than the
primary peak SAR value
3.21
separation distance
distance between the DUT and the outside surface of the phantom, representing the distance
during intended use
3.22
two-way radio
push-to-talk (PTT) device
a hand-held radio transceiver in which a switch is used to toggle between radio transmission
and reception
– 12 – 62209-2 © IEC:2010
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
4.1 Physical quantities
The internationally accepted SI-units are used throughout the standard.
Symbol Quantity Unit Unit symbol
E Electric field strength volt per metre V/m
f Frequency Hertz Hz
H
Magnetic field strength ampere per metre A/m
J Current density ampere per square metre A/m
Average (temporal) absorbed power watt W
P
avg
SAR Specific absorption rate watt per kilogram W/kg
T Temperature kelvin K
Permittivity farad per metre F/m
ε
Wavelength metre m
λ
Permeability henry per metre H/m
μ
Mass density kilogram per cubic metre kg/m
ρ
Electric conductivity siemens per metre S/m
σ
NOTE In this standard, temperature is quantified in degrees Celsius, as defined by: T (°C) = T (K) - 273,16.
4.2 Constants
Symbol Physical constant Magnitude
c Speed of light in vacuum
2,998 × 10 m/s
η Impedance of free space 120π or 377 Ω

–12
Permittivity of free space
ε 8,854 × 10 F/m
–7
Permeability of free space
μ 4π × 10 H/m
4.3 Abbreviations
CDMA code division multiple access
CW continuous wave
DOE design of experiments
DUT device under test
E-field electric field
EMC electromagnetic compatibility
FDTD finite-difference time-domain
FDMA frequency division multiple access
GPRS general packet radio service
GSM global system for mobile communication
MIMO multiple input multiple output
MOD modulation
OFAT one-factor-at- a-time
PTT push-to-talk
RF radio frequency
62209-2 © IEC:2010 – 13 –
RMS root mean square
RSS root sum square
SAR specific absorption rate
TDMA time division multiple access
5 Measurement system specifications
5.1 General requirements
A SAR measurement system consists of a human body model (phantom), electronic
measurement instrumentation, a scanning system and a device holder.
The test shall be performed using a miniature probe that is automatically positioned to
measure the internal E-field distribution in a phantom representing the human body exposed
to the electromagnetic fields produced by wireless devices. From the measured E-field values,
the SAR distribution and the peak spatial-average SAR value shall be calculated.
The test shall be performed in a laboratory conforming to the following environmental
conditions:
• both the ambient and liquid temperatures shall both be in the range of 18 °C to 25 °C; see
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