EN 60444-2:1997
(Main)Measurement of quartz crystal unit parameters by zero phase technique in a pi-network - Part 2: Phase offset method for measurement of motional capacitance of quartz crystal units
Measurement of quartz crystal unit parameters by zero phase technique in a pi-network - Part 2: Phase offset method for measurement of motional capacitance of quartz crystal units
Describes a method of measuring the motional capacitance of quartz crystal units in the frequency range 1 MHz to 125 MHz with a total measurement error of the order of 5%.
Messung von Schwingquarz-Parametern nach dem Null-Phasenverfahren in einem Pi-Netzwerk - Teil 2: Messung der dynamischen Kapazität von Schwingquarzen nach dem Phasenoffsetverfahren
Mesure des paramètres des quartz piézoélectriques par la technique de phase nulle dans le circuit en pi - Partie 2: Méthode de décalage de phase pour la mesure de la capacité dynamique des quartz
Décrit une méthode de mesure de la capacité dynamique des quartz dans une gamme de fréquences de 1 MHz à 125 MHz avec une erreur totale de mesure de l'ordre de 5%.
Measurement of quartz crystal unit parameters by zero phase technique in a pi-network - Part 2: Phase offset method for measurement of motional capacitance of quartz crystal units (IEC 60444-2:1980)
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 15-Apr-1997
- Withdrawal Date
- 30-Nov-1997
- Technical Committee
- CLC/SR 49 - Piezoelectric and dielectric devices for frequency control and selection
- Drafting Committee
- IEC/TC 49 - IEC_TC_49
- Parallel Committee
- IEC/TC 49 - IEC_TC_49
- Current Stage
- 6060 - Document made available - Publishing
- Start Date
- 16-Apr-1997
- Completion Date
- 16-Apr-1997
Relations
- Effective Date
- 03-Feb-2026
- Referred By
EN 60122-1:2002/A1:2018 - Quartz crystal units of assessed quality - Part 1: Generic specification - Effective Date
- 03-Feb-2026
- Referred By
EN 60122-1:2002 - Quartz crystal units of assessed quality - Part 1: Generic specification - Effective Date
- 03-Feb-2026
- Effective Date
- 03-Feb-2026
Overview
EN 60444-2:1997 (CLC) defines the phase offset (zero phase) method for measurement of the motional capacitance (C1) of quartz crystal units. It applies to quartz devices in the 1 MHz to 125 MHz frequency range and targets a total measurement error on the order of 5%. Part 2 complements the zero phase technique series and is intended as a reference method that uses the pi‑network (T-/π-network) measuring circuit described in IEC Publication 444.
Key topics and requirements
- Measurement principle: Determines C1 from phase measurements made at series resonance (fr) and at two frequencies f1 and f2 on either side of fr where the phase offsets are equal in magnitude and opposite in sign.
- Required measurements: resonance frequency (fr), two symmetric phase-offset frequencies (f1, f2), and resonance resistance (Rr). These values are combined (per the method’s formulae) to compute motional capacitance.
- Measuring circuit: Uses a π-network connected via coaxial cables to associated equipment: frequency synthesizer, attenuators, power splitter, phase meter and 50 Ω resistors. The π-network and equipment must meet the basic requirements set out in IEC Publication 444.
- Accuracy considerations: Main error sources are:
- uncertainty in resonance resistance (Rr) measurement (dominant),
- phase meter errors at f1 and f2,
- effect of parallel (shunt) capacitance Co. The standard quantifies these effects and shows how error varies with phase angle and figure of merit (M = Q·fr).
- Advantages: Uses only the established π-network test setup (avoids extra elements that could introduce additional error) and can serve as a reference for validating other measurement methods.
Practical applications
- Calibration and characterization of quartz crystal units used in oscillators, filters, and frequency-control components.
- Production testing and quality control in crystal manufacturers’ test labs.
- Metrology and component evaluation in electronic component test laboratories.
- Design verification for RF and timing components where motional capacitance affects circuit tuning and impedance matching.
Who should use this standard
- Crystal device manufacturers and test engineers
- Component quality assurance teams
- Calibration and metrology laboratories
- RF and timing circuit designers needing reliable motional capacitance data
Related standards
- IEC Publication 444 (zero phase technique in π-network - measurement of resonance frequency and resistance)
- IEC Publication 302 (definitions and measurement methods for piezoelectric vibrators up to 30 MHz)
- EN 60444-1 (related Part/series documents on phase measuring methods)
Keywords: motional capacitance, quartz crystal units, zero phase technique, pi‑network, phase offset method, resonance frequency, resonance resistance, EN 60444-2, IEC 60444-2.
Frequently Asked Questions
EN 60444-2:1997 is a standard published by CLC. Its full title is "Measurement of quartz crystal unit parameters by zero phase technique in a pi-network - Part 2: Phase offset method for measurement of motional capacitance of quartz crystal units". This standard covers: Describes a method of measuring the motional capacitance of quartz crystal units in the frequency range 1 MHz to 125 MHz with a total measurement error of the order of 5%.
Describes a method of measuring the motional capacitance of quartz crystal units in the frequency range 1 MHz to 125 MHz with a total measurement error of the order of 5%.
EN 60444-2:1997 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 31.140 - Piezoelectric devices. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
EN 60444-2:1997 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to EN 60444-8:2003, EN 60122-1:2002/A1:2018, EN 60122-1:2002, EN 60444-4:1997. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
EN 60444-2:1997 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Measurement of quartz crystal unit parameters by zero phase technique in a pi-network - Part 2: Phase offset method for measurement of motional capacitance of quartz crystal units (IEC 60444-2:1980)Messung von Schwingquarz-Parametern nach dem Null-Phasenverfahren in einem Pi-Netzwerk -- Teil 2: Messung der dynamischen Kapazität von Schwingquarzen nach dem PhasenoffsetverfahrenMesure des paramètres des quartz piézoélectriques par la technique de phase nulle dans le circuit en pi -- Partie 2: Méthode de décalage de phase pour la mesure de la capacité dynamique des quartzMeasurement of quartz crystal unit parameters by zero phase technique in a pi-network -- Part 2: Phase offset method for measurement of motional capacitance of quartz crystal units31.140Piezoelectric and dielectric devicesICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 60444-2:1997SIST EN 60444-2:2002en01-september-2002SIST EN 60444-2:2002SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
IEC•NORMEINTERNATIONALEINTERNATIONALSTANDARDCEIIEC60444-2Première éditionFirst edition1980-01Mesure des paramètres des quartzpiézoélectriques par la techniquede phase nulle dans le circuit en 11Partie 2:Méthode de décalage de phase pour la mesurede la capacité dynamique des quartzMeasurement of quartz crystal unit parametersby zero phase technique in a 7t-networkPart 2:Phase offset method for measurement ofmotional capacitance of quartz crystal units© IEC 1980 Droits de reproduction réservés — Copyright - all rights reservedAucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite niNo part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized inutilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucunany form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photo-including photocopying and microfilm, without permission incopie et les microfilms, sans t'accord écrit de l'éditeurwriting from the publisher.International Electrotechnical Commission3, rue de Varembé Geneva, SwitzerlandTelefax: +41 22 919 0300e-mail: inmail@iec.chIEC web site http: //www.iec.chCommission Electrotechnique InternationaleInternational Electrotechnical CommissionMemavHapoaHaa 3neKTpoTexHHVectiaa HOMHCCHHCODE PRIXPRICE CODEPour prix, voir catalogue en vigueurFor price, see current catalogueJSIST EN 60444-2:2002
— 3 —CONTENTSPageFOREWORD
5PREFACE 5Clause1.Scope 72.Principle of measurement 73.Measuring circuit 74.Method of measurement 75.Measurement errors 96.Other measuring methods
11APPENDIX A 13SIST EN 60444-2:2002
5INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSIONMEASUREMENT OF QUARTZ CRYSTAL UNIT PARAMETERSBY ZERO PHASE TECHNIQUE IN A II-NETWORKPart 2: Phase offset method for measurement of motional capacitanceof quartz crystal unitsFOREWORD1)The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters, prepared by Technical Committees on which all theNational Committees having a special interest therein are represented, express, as nearly as possible, an internationalconsensus of opinion on the subjects dealt with.2)They have the form of recommendations for international use and they are accepted by the National Committees in thatsense.3)In order to promote international unification, the IEC expresses the wish that all National Committees should adoptthe text of the IEC recommendation for their national rules in so far as national conditions will permit. Any divergencebetween the IEC recommendation and the corresponding national rules should, as far as possible, be clearly indicatedin the latter.PREFACEThis standard has been prepared by IEC Technical Committee No. 49: Piezoelectric Devices for Frequency Control andSelection.It forms Part 2 of the series of I EC publications on phase measuring methods.Publication 444 contains the basic method for the measurement of resonance frequency and resonance resistance of quartzcrystal units by zero phase technique in a 1r-network.Publication 444, when revised, will be issued as a second edition of IEC Publication 444-1.A draft of Part 2 was discussed at the meeting held in Baden-Baden in March 1977. As a result of this meeting, the draft,Document 49(Central Office)111, was submitted to the National Committees for approval under the Six Months' Rule inJune 1978.The National Committees of the following countries voted explicitly in favour of publication:BelgiumSouth Africa (Republic of)CanadaSpainEgyptSwedenFranceSwitzerlandGermanyTurkeyJapanUnited KingdomPolandUnited States of AmericaOther IEC publication quoted in this standard:Publication No. 302: Standard Definitions and Methods of Measurement for Piezoelectric Vibrators Operating over theFrequency Range up to 30 MHz.SIST EN 60444-2:2002
7MEASUREMENT OF QUARTZ CRYSTAL UNIT PARAMETERSBY ZERO PHASE TECHNIQUE IN A n-NETWORKPart 2: Phase offset method for measurement of motional capacitanceof quartz crystal units1.ScopeThis standard describes a method of measuring the motional capacitance of quartz crystal unitsin the frequency range 1 MHz to 125 MHz with a total measurement error of the order of 5010.The advantage of this method is that it uses only the measuring circuit described in I ECPublication 444 and therefore avoids the use of additional elements or instruments which could besources of error.2.Principle of measurementThis method is based on the phase measurement at the resonance frequency and in its vicinity.The value of the motional capacitance (C1 in Figure 1, page 16) is calculated from the measuredvalues of resonance frequency, two frequencies lying on both sides of the impedance curve with agiven phase difference equal in magnitude and opposite in sign, and the resonance resistance.The resonance frequency and the resonance resistance are measured as given in Clause 6 ofI EC Publication 444.3.Measuring circuitThe measuring circuit consists basically of an-network connected with coaxial cables to theassociated measuring equipment (see Figure 2, page
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