EN IEC 60947-9-2:2025
(Main)Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 9-2: Active arc-fault mitigation systems - Optical-based internal arc-detection and mitigation devices
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 9-2: Active arc-fault mitigation systems - Optical-based internal arc-detection and mitigation devices
This document covers internal arc-fault control devices, hereinafter referred to as IACD, which are intended to: - detect internal arc-faults in low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies, by processing (at a minimum) the optical effect of an internal arc-fault, and - operate mitigation device (either external or combined) in order to minimize the effects of the internal arc-fault (see Figure 1). For the purpose of this document the terms "light" or "optical" covers more than visible spectra. They may cover also, for example, infrared or ultraviolet electromagnetic radiations (see Annex D). For combined-type IACD, this document is considered in addition to the relevant product standard for internal arc-fault mitigation devices (IARD per IEC TS 63107:2020). Compliance to the relevant product standard is mandatory and cannot be claimed by testing to this document alone. NOTE 1 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies are usually described by IEC 61439 series. [Figure 1] Therefore, this document covers the following: - internal arc-fault control device (stand-alone, multifunction or combined); - one or more associated sensor(s) used to detect optical effect of the internal arc-fault; - sensor(s), sensing another physical effect, to confirm the fault; - associated or combined mitigation device. An IACD is not intended to trigger under normal operation of low-voltage switchgear and controlgear (i.e. absence of internal arc-fault), including normal arcing associated with operation of disconnecting and switching devices. This document only covers the following methods: - optical detection of the light caused by an internal arc-fault; - optional confirmation of internal arc-fault by line current measurement. Many different conductive materials could be used in LV assemblies (e.g. steel, copper, aluminium). Nevertheless, tests specified in this document are deemed to represent the most critical and challenging conditions for arc-detection and cover all combinations of conductive materials. NOTE 2 Compared to other materials (e.g. steel, aluminium), copper leads to a lower optical radiation energy. The rated voltage of the assembly in which an IACD is installed does not exceed 1 000 V AC. Such devices are designed to be operated and maintained by skilled persons only. This document does not cover: - DC internal arc-fault detection and control; - overcurrent relays; - AFDD (arc-fault detection devices) as defined by IEC 62606; - guidance on installation within assemblies; NOTE 3 The integration of an IACD into an assembly is described in IEC TS 63107. - use with additional measures needed for installation and operation within explosive atmospheres. These are given in IEC 60079 series documents; - requirements for embedded software and firmware design rules; for this subject, the manufacturer is responsible for taking additional safety measures; NOTE 4 IEC TR 63201 describes rules for firmware and embedded software development preventing errors in software. - cybersecurity aspects; for this subject, the manufacturer is responsible for taking additional safety measures; NOTE 5 See IEC TS 63208. - mobile applications. NOTE 6 Even when addressing internal arc-fault mitigation devices, this document does not supersede any other relevant product standard (e.g. IEC 60947-2 or IEC 60947-9-1). NOTE 7 DC arcing fault phenomena are under consideration. Further investigation is needed to comprehend DC arcing phenomena and required sensing.
Niederspannungsschaltgeräte - Aktive Systeme zur Abschwächung von Störlichtbögen - Teil 9-2: Optische Geräte zur Erfassung und Abschwächung innerer Lichtbögen
Appareillage à basse tension - Partie 9-2: Systèmes actifs de limitation des défauts d'arc - Dispositifs optiques de détection et de limitation d'arcs internes
L'IEC 60947-9-2:2021 s’applique aux dispositifs de contrôle de défaut d’arc interne, ci-après désignés IACD, qui sont destinés à: – détecter les défauts d’arc interne dans les ensembles d’appareillage à basse tension, en traitant (a minima) le phénomène optique d’un défaut d’arc interne, et – faire fonctionner un dispositif de limitation (externe ou combiné) afin de réduire le plus possible les effets de défaut d’arc interne
Nizkonapetostne stikalne in krmilne naprave - 9-2. del: Aktivni sistemi za blažitev učinkov okvarnega obloka - Naprave za odkrivanje in ublažitev lokov, ki temeljijo na optičnem sistemu (IEC 60947-9-2:2021)
Ta dokument zajema naprave za krmiljenje okvarnega obloka (v nadaljnjem besedilu »naprave IACD«), ki so namenjene: – odkrivanju okvarnih oblokov v nizkonapetostnih stikalnih in krmilnih napravah z obdelavo (vsaj) optičnega učinka okvarnega obloka; ter – upravljanju naprave za ublažitev (zunanje ali kombinirane), da se čim bolj zmanjšajo učinki okvarnega obloka (glej sliko 1). V tem dokumentu izraza »svetloba« in »optični« zajemata več kot le vidni spekter. Zajemata lahko tudi na primer infrardeče ali ultravijolično elektromagnetno sevanje (glej dodatek D). Pri kombiniranih napravah IACD se ta dokument uporablja skupaj z ustreznim standardom za izdelek, tj. za naprave za blažitev učinkov okvarnega obloka (naprave IARD v skladu s standardom IEC TS 63107:2020). Skladnost z ustreznim standardom za izdelek je obvezna in je ni mogoče uveljavljati samo s preskušanjem v skladu s tem dokumentom. OPOMBA 1: Nizkonapetostne stikalne in krmilne naprave so običajno opisane v skupini standardov IEC 61439. [Slika 1] Zato ta dokument zajema: – napravo za krmiljenje okvarnega obloka (samostojno, večfunkcijsko ali kombinirano); – enega ali več pripadajočih senzorjev za zaznavanje optičnega učinka okvarnega obloka; – senzorje, ki zaznavajo drug fizični učinek za potrditev okvare; – pripadajočo ali kombinirano napravo za ublažitev. Naprava IACD se naj ne bi sprožila med normalnim delovanjem nizkonapetostnih stikalnih in krmilnih naprav (tj. v odsotnosti okvarnega obloka), vključno z normalnim oblokom, ki je povezan z delovanjem odklopnih in stikalnih naprav. Ta dokument zajema samo naslednje metode: – optično zaznavanje svetlobe, ki jo povzroči okvarni oblok; – izbirna potrditev okvarnega obloka z merjenjem linijskega toka. V nizkonapetostnih sestavih se lahko uporablja veliko različnih prevodnih materialov (npr. jeklo, baker, aluminij). Kljub temu preskusi v tem dokumentu obravnavajo najbolj kritične in zahtevne pogoje za zaznavanje oblokov ter zajemajo vse kombinacije prevodnih materialov. OPOMBA 2: V primerjavi z drugimi materiali (npr. jeklo, aluminij) baker povzroči nižjo energijo optičnega sevanja. Nazivna napetost sestava, v katerem je nameščena naprava IACD, ne presega 1000 V AC. Takšne naprave lahko upravljajo in vzdržujejo samo usposobljene osebe. Ta dokument ne zajema: – odkrivanja in krmiljenja enosmernega okvarnega obloka; – nadtokovnih relejev; – obločnih detektorjev (AFDD), opredeljenih v standardu IEC 62606; – navodil za vgradnjo v sestave; OPOMBA 3: Vgradnja naprave IACD v sestav je opisana v standardu IEC TS 63107. – uporabe z dodatnimi ukrepi, potrebnimi za namestitev in delovanje v eksplozivnih okoljih. Ti so navedeni v dokumentih skupine standardov IEC 60079; – zahtev glede pravil za načrtovanje vgrajene in vdelane programske opreme; proizvajalec mora v zvezi s tem sprejeti dodatne varnostne ukrepe; OPOMBA 4: V standardu IEC TR 63201 so opisana pravila za razvoj vgrajene in vdelane programske opreme za preprečevanje napak v programski opremi. – vidikov kibernetske varnosti; proizvajalec mora v zvezi s tem sprejeti dodatne varnostne ukrepe; OPOMBA 5: Glej standard IEC TS 63208. – mobilnih aplikacij. OPOMBA 6: Tudi v zvezi z napravami za blažitev učinkov okvarnega obloka ta dokument ne nadomešča drugih ustreznih standardov za izdelke (npr. IEC 60947-2 ali IEC 60947-9-1). OPOMBA 7: Pojav enosmernih okvarnih oblokov je v obravnavi. Za razumevanje pojava enosmernih oblokov in potrebnega zaznavanja so potrebne dodatne raziskave.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 10-Jul-2025
- Withdrawal Date
- 01-Feb-2022
- Technical Committee
- CLC/TC 121A - Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear
- Drafting Committee
- IEC/SC 121A - Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear
- Current Stage
- 6060 - Document made available - Publishing
- Start Date
- 11-Jul-2025
- Completion Date
- 11-Jul-2025
Overview
EN IEC 60947-9-2:2025 (aligned with IEC 60947-9-2:2021) specifies requirements for optical-based internal arc-fault control devices (IACD) used in low-voltage switchgear and controlgear (rated ≤ 1 000 V AC). The standard covers devices that detect the optical signature (including visible, infrared and ultraviolet spectra) of internal arc-faults and then operate an associated mitigation device (external or combined) to minimize arc effects. It applies to stand‑alone, multifunction and combined‑type IACDs and their sensors, and defines test, constructional and performance requirements for reliable arc detection and extinction.
Key topics and technical requirements
- Scope of detection: Optical detection of light from internal arcs is mandatory; optional confirmation by line current measurement is allowed.
- Device types: Classification includes stand‑alone, multifunction and combined IACDs; sensor combinations include optical‑only or optical + secondary sensors.
- Performance characteristics: The standard defines parameters such as maximum detection time, maximum extinction time, minimum detection current and maximum prospective short‑circuit current (detailed in the standard).
- Construction and testing: Requirements cover creepage/clearance, materials, EMC, temperature‑rise and environmental tests, light‑immunity tests, detection/extinction tests and routine functional and safety tests.
- Operational limits: IACDs must not trigger during normal switchgear operation, including normal switching arcing. Devices are intended for operation and maintenance by skilled persons.
- Excluded topics: DC internal arc detection, overcurrent relays, AFDD (IEC 62606), installation guidance (see IEC TS 63107), explosive atmosphere measures (IEC 60079), embedded software rules (IEC TR 63201), cybersecurity (IEC TS 63208) and mobile applications are outside the scope.
- Material considerations: Test arcs represent the most critical combinations of conductive materials; note that copper produces lower optical radiation energy compared to some other materials.
Practical applications and users
- Applications: Integration into low‑voltage switchgear assemblies (IEC 61439 series) for industrial plants, utilities, commercial buildings and critical infrastructure to mitigate internal arc hazards. Use cases include fast detection and activation of arc mitigation or isolation measures to reduce thermal, blast and fire consequences.
- Who uses this standard: Switchgear and controlgear manufacturers, panel builders, safety engineers, testing laboratories, certification bodies and compliance teams assessing conformity with Low Voltage Directive requirements in Europe.
Related standards
- IEC 60947-1, IEC 60947-2, IEC 60947-9-1 (arc quenching devices)
- IEC TS 63107 (integration into assemblies)
- IEC 61439 series (assembly rules)
- IEC 60079 series, IEC TR 63201, IEC TS 63208 (as referenced for specialized topics)
Keywords: low-voltage switchgear, internal arc-fault mitigation, optical-based detection, IACD, IEC 60947-9-2, arc detection and extinction, IACD testing, switchgear safety.
Frequently Asked Questions
EN IEC 60947-9-2:2025 is a standard published by CLC. Its full title is "Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 9-2: Active arc-fault mitigation systems - Optical-based internal arc-detection and mitigation devices". This standard covers: This document covers internal arc-fault control devices, hereinafter referred to as IACD, which are intended to: - detect internal arc-faults in low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies, by processing (at a minimum) the optical effect of an internal arc-fault, and - operate mitigation device (either external or combined) in order to minimize the effects of the internal arc-fault (see Figure 1). For the purpose of this document the terms "light" or "optical" covers more than visible spectra. They may cover also, for example, infrared or ultraviolet electromagnetic radiations (see Annex D). For combined-type IACD, this document is considered in addition to the relevant product standard for internal arc-fault mitigation devices (IARD per IEC TS 63107:2020). Compliance to the relevant product standard is mandatory and cannot be claimed by testing to this document alone. NOTE 1 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies are usually described by IEC 61439 series. [Figure 1] Therefore, this document covers the following: - internal arc-fault control device (stand-alone, multifunction or combined); - one or more associated sensor(s) used to detect optical effect of the internal arc-fault; - sensor(s), sensing another physical effect, to confirm the fault; - associated or combined mitigation device. An IACD is not intended to trigger under normal operation of low-voltage switchgear and controlgear (i.e. absence of internal arc-fault), including normal arcing associated with operation of disconnecting and switching devices. This document only covers the following methods: - optical detection of the light caused by an internal arc-fault; - optional confirmation of internal arc-fault by line current measurement. Many different conductive materials could be used in LV assemblies (e.g. steel, copper, aluminium). Nevertheless, tests specified in this document are deemed to represent the most critical and challenging conditions for arc-detection and cover all combinations of conductive materials. NOTE 2 Compared to other materials (e.g. steel, aluminium), copper leads to a lower optical radiation energy. The rated voltage of the assembly in which an IACD is installed does not exceed 1 000 V AC. Such devices are designed to be operated and maintained by skilled persons only. This document does not cover: - DC internal arc-fault detection and control; - overcurrent relays; - AFDD (arc-fault detection devices) as defined by IEC 62606; - guidance on installation within assemblies; NOTE 3 The integration of an IACD into an assembly is described in IEC TS 63107. - use with additional measures needed for installation and operation within explosive atmospheres. These are given in IEC 60079 series documents; - requirements for embedded software and firmware design rules; for this subject, the manufacturer is responsible for taking additional safety measures; NOTE 4 IEC TR 63201 describes rules for firmware and embedded software development preventing errors in software. - cybersecurity aspects; for this subject, the manufacturer is responsible for taking additional safety measures; NOTE 5 See IEC TS 63208. - mobile applications. NOTE 6 Even when addressing internal arc-fault mitigation devices, this document does not supersede any other relevant product standard (e.g. IEC 60947-2 or IEC 60947-9-1). NOTE 7 DC arcing fault phenomena are under consideration. Further investigation is needed to comprehend DC arcing phenomena and required sensing.
This document covers internal arc-fault control devices, hereinafter referred to as IACD, which are intended to: - detect internal arc-faults in low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies, by processing (at a minimum) the optical effect of an internal arc-fault, and - operate mitigation device (either external or combined) in order to minimize the effects of the internal arc-fault (see Figure 1). For the purpose of this document the terms "light" or "optical" covers more than visible spectra. They may cover also, for example, infrared or ultraviolet electromagnetic radiations (see Annex D). For combined-type IACD, this document is considered in addition to the relevant product standard for internal arc-fault mitigation devices (IARD per IEC TS 63107:2020). Compliance to the relevant product standard is mandatory and cannot be claimed by testing to this document alone. NOTE 1 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies are usually described by IEC 61439 series. [Figure 1] Therefore, this document covers the following: - internal arc-fault control device (stand-alone, multifunction or combined); - one or more associated sensor(s) used to detect optical effect of the internal arc-fault; - sensor(s), sensing another physical effect, to confirm the fault; - associated or combined mitigation device. An IACD is not intended to trigger under normal operation of low-voltage switchgear and controlgear (i.e. absence of internal arc-fault), including normal arcing associated with operation of disconnecting and switching devices. This document only covers the following methods: - optical detection of the light caused by an internal arc-fault; - optional confirmation of internal arc-fault by line current measurement. Many different conductive materials could be used in LV assemblies (e.g. steel, copper, aluminium). Nevertheless, tests specified in this document are deemed to represent the most critical and challenging conditions for arc-detection and cover all combinations of conductive materials. NOTE 2 Compared to other materials (e.g. steel, aluminium), copper leads to a lower optical radiation energy. The rated voltage of the assembly in which an IACD is installed does not exceed 1 000 V AC. Such devices are designed to be operated and maintained by skilled persons only. This document does not cover: - DC internal arc-fault detection and control; - overcurrent relays; - AFDD (arc-fault detection devices) as defined by IEC 62606; - guidance on installation within assemblies; NOTE 3 The integration of an IACD into an assembly is described in IEC TS 63107. - use with additional measures needed for installation and operation within explosive atmospheres. These are given in IEC 60079 series documents; - requirements for embedded software and firmware design rules; for this subject, the manufacturer is responsible for taking additional safety measures; NOTE 4 IEC TR 63201 describes rules for firmware and embedded software development preventing errors in software. - cybersecurity aspects; for this subject, the manufacturer is responsible for taking additional safety measures; NOTE 5 See IEC TS 63208. - mobile applications. NOTE 6 Even when addressing internal arc-fault mitigation devices, this document does not supersede any other relevant product standard (e.g. IEC 60947-2 or IEC 60947-9-1). NOTE 7 DC arcing fault phenomena are under consideration. Further investigation is needed to comprehend DC arcing phenomena and required sensing.
EN IEC 60947-9-2:2025 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 29.120.40 - Switches; 29.130.20 - Low voltage switchgear and controlgear. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
EN IEC 60947-9-2:2025 is associated with the following European legislation: EU Directives/Regulations: 2014/30/EU, 2014/35/EU; Standardization Mandates: M/511, M/552. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.
You can purchase EN IEC 60947-9-2:2025 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of CLC standards.
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2025
Nizkonapetostne stikalne in krmilne naprave - 9-2. del: Aktivni sistemi za blažitev
učinkov okvarnega obloka - Naprave za odkrivanje in ublažitev lokov, ki temeljijo
na optičnem sistemu (IEC 60947-9-2:2021)
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 9-2: Active arc-fault mitigation systems -
Optical-based internal arc-detection and mitigation devices (IEC 60947-9-2:2021)
Niederspannungsschaltgeräte - Aktive Systeme zur Abschwächung von Störlichtbögen -
Teil 9-2: Optische Geräte zur Erfassung und Abschwächung innerer Lichtbögen (IEC
60947-9-2:2021)
Appareillage à basse tension - Partie 9-2: Systèmes actifs de limitation des défauts d'arc
- Dispositifs optiques de détection et de limitation d'arcs internes (IEC 60947-9-2:2021)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN IEC 60947-9-2:2025
ICS:
29.120.40 Stikala Switches
29.130.20 Nizkonapetostne stikalne in Low voltage switchgear and
krmilne naprave controlgear
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN IEC 60947-9-2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM July 2025
ICS 29.120.40; 29.130.20
English Version
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 9-2: Active arc-
fault mitigation systems - Optical-based internal arc-detection
and mitigation devices
(IEC 60947-9-2:2021)
Appareillage à basse tension - Partie 9-2: Systèmes actifs Niederspannungsschaltgeräte - Aktive Systeme zur
de limitation des défauts d'arc - Dispositifs optiques de Abschwächung von Störlichtbögen - Teil 9-2: Optische
détection et de limitation d'arcs internes Geräte zur Erfassung und Abschwächung innerer
(IEC 60947-9-2:2021) Lichtbögen
(IEC 60947-9-2:2021)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2021-05-31. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Türkiye and the United Kingdom.
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2025 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN IEC 60947-9-2:2025 E
European foreword
The text of document 121A/406/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 60947-9-2, prepared by SC 121A "Low-
voltage switchgear and controlgear" of IEC/TC 121 "Switchgear and controlgear and their assemblies
for low voltage" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as
The following dates are fixed:
• latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national (dop) 2026-07-31
level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the (dow) 2028-07-31
document have to be withdrawn
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document has been prepared under a standardization request addressed to CENELEC by the
European Commission. The Standing Committee of the EFTA States subsequently approves these
requests for its Member States.
For the relationship with EU Legislation, see informative Annex ZZ, which is an integral part of this
document.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national committee. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CENELEC website.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 60947-9-2:2021 was approved by CENELEC as a
European Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standard indicated:
IEC 60079 (series) NOTE Approved as EN IEC 60079 (series)
IEC 60269 (series) NOTE Approved as EN 60269 (series)
IEC 60664-1:2020 NOTE Approved as EN IEC 60664-1:2020 (not modified)
IEC 60947-3 NOTE Approved as EN IEC 60947-3
IEC 61439 (series) NOTE Approved as EN IEC 61439 (series)
IEC 61439-1:2020 NOTE Approved as EN IEC 61439-1:2021 (not modified)
IEC 61439-2:2020 NOTE Approved as EN IEC 61439-2:2021 (not modified)
IEC 62474 NOTE Approved as EN IEC 62474
IEC 62606 NOTE Approved as EN 62606
IEC/TR 63201 NOTE Approved as CLC IEC/TR 63201
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
NOTE 1 Where an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod),
the relevant EN/HD applies.
NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available
here: www.cencenelec.eu.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60068-2-6 2007 Environmental testing - Part 2-6: Tests - EN 60068-2-6 2008
Test Fc: Vibration (sinusoidal)
IEC 60068-2-27 2008 Environmental testing - Part 2-27: Tests - EN 60068-2-27 2009
Test Ea and guidance: Shock
IEC 60068-2-30 2005 Environmental testing - Part 2-30: Tests - EN 60068-2-30 2005
Test Db: Damp heat, cyclic (12 h + 12 h
cycle)
IEC 60255-27 2013 Measuring relays and protection EN 60255-27 2014
equipment - Part 27: Product safety
requirements
IEC 60695-2-10 - Fire hazard testing - Part 2-10: EN IEC 60695-2-10 2021
Glowing/hot-wire based test methods -
Glow-wire apparatus and common test
procedure
IEC 60695-2-11 2014 Fire hazard testing - Part 2-11: EN IEC 60695-2-11 2021
Glowing/hot-wire based test methods -
Glow-wire flammability test method for
end-products (GWEPT)
IEC 60695-2-12 - Fire hazard testing - Part 2-12: EN IEC 60695-2-12 2021
Glowing/hot-wire based test methods -
Glow-wire flammability index (GWFI) test
method for materials
IEC 60715 2017 Dimensions of low-voltage switchgear and EN 60715 2017
controlgear - Standardized mounting on
rails for mechanical support of switchgear,
controlgear and accessories
IEC 60947-1 2020 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - EN IEC 60947-1 2021
Part 1: General rules
IEC 60947-2 2016 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - EN 60947-2 2017
Part 2: Circuit-breakers
+ A1 2019 + A1 2020
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60947-9-1 2019 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - EN IEC 60947-9-1 2019
Part 9-1: Active arc-fault mitigation
systems - Arc quenching devices
IEC 60990 2016 Methods of measurement of touch current EN 60990 2016
and protective conductor current
IEC 61482-1-2 2014 Live working - Protective clothing against EN 61482-1-2 2014
the thermal hazards of an electric arc -
Part 1-2: Test methods - Method 2:
Determination of arc protection class of
material and clothing by using a
constrained and directed arc (box test)
IEC 61557-2 - Electrical safety in low voltage distribution EN IEC 61557-2 2021
systems up to 1 000 V a.c. and 1 500 V
d.c. - Equipment for testing, measuring or
monitoring of protective measures - Part 2:
Insulation resistance
CISPR 11 (mod) 2015 Industrial, scientific and medical equipment EN 55011 2016
- Radio-frequency disturbance
characteristics - Limits and methods of
measurement
+ A1 2016 + A1 2017
+ A11 2020
CISPR 32 2015 Electromagnetic compatibility of EN 55032 2015
multimedia equipment - Emission
requirements
+ AC 2016
+ A11 2020
ISO 3864-1 2011 Graphical symbols - Safety colours and - -
safety signs – Part 1: Design principles for
safety signs and safety markings
ISO 3864-2 2016 Graphical symbols - Safety colours and - -
safety signs – Part 2: Design principles for
product safety labels
Annex ZZ
(informative)
Relationship between this European standard and the safety
objectives of Directive 2014/35/EU [2014 OJ L96] aimed to be
covered
This European standard has been prepared under a Commission’s standardisation request relating to
harmonised standards in the field of the Low Voltage Directive, M/511, to provide one voluntary means
of conforming to safety objectives of Directive 2014/35/EU of the European Parliament and of the
Council of 26 February 2014 on the harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the
making available on the market of electrical equipment designed for use within certain voltage limits
[2014 OJ L96].
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive,
compliance with the normative clauses of this standard given in Table ZZ.1 confers, within the limits of
the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding safety objectives of
that Directive, and associated EFTA regulations.
Table ZZ.1 — Correspondence between this European standard and the Annex I of Directive
2014/35/EU [2014 OJ L96]
Safety objectives of Clause(s) / sub-clause(s) Remarks/note
Directive 2014/35/EU of this EN
1 a) 4, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3
4, 6.1, 6.3, 9.3.3, 9.3.4, A.5, B.5,
1 b)
E.2.7
see 2 a) to 2 d) and 3 a) to 3 c)
1 c) 4, 6, B.5
in this table
2 a) 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.1, 8.2, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4
2 b) 4, 6, 8.1, 8.2, 9.3
2 c) 4, 5, 8.1, 9
2 d) 4, 5, 8.1, 9.1, 9.3, 9.4
3 a) 4, 6.3, 7, 8.1, 9
3 b) 4, 6, 8.3, 9.1, 9.3, 9.4
3 c) 4, 5, 9.3
WARNING 1 — Presumption of conformity stays valid only as long as a reference to this European
standard is maintained in the list published in the Official Journal of the European Union. Users of this
standard should consult frequently the latest list published in the Official Journal of the European
Union.
WARNING 2 — Other Union legislation may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the scope of
this standard.
IEC 60947-9-2 ®
Edition 1.0 2021-04
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear –
Part 9-2: Active arc-fault mitigation systems – Optical-based internal
arc‑detection and mitigation devices
Appareillage à basse tension –
Partie 9-2: Systèmes actifs de limitation des défauts d'arc – Dispositifs optiques
de détection et de limitation d’arcs internes
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 29.120.40; 29.130.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-9606-6
– 2 – IEC 60947-9-2:2021 © IEC 2021
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 7
INTRODUCTION . 9
1 Scope . 11
2 Normative references . 12
3 Terms and definitions . 13
4 Classification . 16
4.1 IACD type . 16
4.1.1 Stand-alone type IACD . 16
4.1.2 Multifunction-type IACD . 17
4.1.3 Combined-type IACD . 17
4.2 Combination of sensors . 18
4.2.1 Optical sensors-only type . 18
4.2.2 Optical sensors and secondary sensors type . 18
4.3 Binary output types . 19
4.3.1 Operate output . 19
4.3.2 Auxiliary binary output . 19
5 Characteristics . 19
5.1 Maximum arc-fault detection time . 19
5.2 Maximum arc-fault extinction time . 19
5.3 Minimum arc-fault detection current value . 19
5.4 Maximum prospective short-circuit current value . 19
6 Product information . 20
6.1 Nature of information . 20
6.2 Markings . 20
6.3 Instructions for installation, operation, maintenance, decommissioning and
dismantling . 21
7 Normal service, mounting and transport conditions . 22
8 Constructional and performance requirements . 22
8.1 Constructional requirements . 22
8.1.1 General . 22
8.1.2 Creepages and clearances . 22
8.1.3 Material requirement . 22
8.2 Performance requirements . 23
8.2.1 General . 23
8.2.2 Operating conditions . 23
8.2.3 Temperature-rise . 23
8.3 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) . 24
9 Tests . 24
9.1 General – Kind of tests . 24
9.2 Compliance with constructional requirements . 24
9.3 Type tests . 24
9.3.1 General . 24
9.3.2 Guidance on sample selection . 26
9.3.3 Light-immunity tests . 29
9.3.4 Detection and extinction tests . 31
9.3.5 Dielectric properties . 37
IEC 60947-9-2:2021 © IEC 2021 – 3 –
9.3.6 EMC tests . 38
9.3.7 Environmental tests . 39
9.3.8 Temperature-rise tests . 41
9.3.9 Functional tests . 41
9.4 Routine tests. 41
9.4.1 General . 41
9.4.2 Functional requirements . 42
9.4.3 Safety requirements. 42
10 Test report . 43
Annex A (normative) Detection tests under reduced energy arcs . 44
A.1 General . 44
A.2 Electrical test circuit, electrodes and arc parameters . 45
A.2.1 Electrical test circuit . 45
A.2.2 Calibration of test circuit . 45
A.2.3 Electrodes . 45
A.2.4 Ignition wire . 45
A.2.5 Arc electrical values . 45
A.2.6 Environmental conditions . 46
A.2.7 Conditioning of test objects . 46
A.3 Preparation and maintenance . 46
A.3.1 Preparation and conditioning of the test box . 46
A.3.2 Care and maintenance of the test equipment . 47
A.4 Optical sensors conditioning and positioning . 47
A.5 Instructions for IACD maintenance during test sequence . 49
Annex B (normative) Detection and extinction tests for high energy arcs . 50
B.1 General . 50
B.2 Test specimen, electrical test circuit, arc parameters . 50
B.2.1 Test specimen (stand-alone or multifunction-type IACD) . 50
B.2.2 Test specimen (combined-type IACD) . 51
B.2.3 Electrical test circuit . 55
B.2.4 IACD configuration . 56
B.2.5 Arc parameters . 56
B.3 Environmental conditions . 56
B.4 Optical sensors conditioning and positioning . 57
B.5 Instructions for maintenance . 58
Annex C (normative) Arcing current parameters . 59
C.1 Preamble . 59
C.2 The different phases of an arc . 59
C.3 Detection of arc initiation (t ) . 60
C.4 Arc continuity . 62
C.5 Detection of arc-extinction . 62
C.5.1 General . 62
C.5.2 Quenching device . 62
C.5.3 Current-switching device . 62
C.6 Measurement means . 62
C.7 Waveform consistency . 62
Annex D (informative) IACD optical measurements . 64
D.1 Preamble . 64
– 4 – IEC 60947-9-2:2021 © IEC 2021
D.1.1 General . 64
D.1.2 Photometry – The appearance point of view . 64
D.1.3 Radiometry – The technical point of view . 64
D.2 The different optical units . 64
D.2.1 General . 64
D.2.2 The luminosity function . 65
D.2.3 How to use the luminosity function . 66
D.3 Light measurement . 68
D.3.1 Use of a luxmeter . 68
D.3.2 Use of a spectrometer . 69
D.3.3 Spectrometer operation . 70
D.3.4 Calibration . 71
D.3.5 Absolute irradiance calibration . 73
D.3.6 Luxmeter operation . 73
D.3.7 Luxmeter calibration . 74
D.3.8 Luxmeter to spectrometer comparison . 75
D.4 Measuring the sensitivity and bandwidth of the optical sensors of an IACD . 75
Annex E (normative) Ambient light immunity tests . 77
E.1 General . 77
E.2 Test method . 78
E.2.1 Principle . 78
E.2.2 IACD installation and setup. 78
E.2.3 Environmental conditions . 79
E.2.4 Requirements for light source . 79
E.2.5 Requirements for luxmeter . 79
E.2.6 Calibration and testing method . 80
E.2.7 Test report . 82
Annex F (informative) Items subject to agreement between manufacturer and user . 83
Bibliography . 84
Figure 1 – Optical-based IACD schematic (stand-alone type and no secondary sensor) . 11
Figure 2 – Stand-alone type IACD architecture overview . 17
Figure 3 – Multifunction-type IACD architecture overview . 17
Figure 4 – Combined-type IACD architecture overview. 18
Figure 5 – Stand-alone IACD (hardware) architecture . 27
Figure 6 – Multifunction-type IACD (hardware) architecture . 28
Figure 7 – Reduced energy detection tests – Arrangement principle . 33
Figure 8 – Method of test . 35
Figure 9 – High energy detection and extinction tests – Arrangement principle . 36
Figure A.1 – Arc-test box outline . 44
Figure A.2 – Positioning principle (point-sensor test case) . 48
Figure A.3 – Positioning principle (optical fibre test case) . 49
Figure B.1 – Three-phase edge-to-edge arrangement principle (stand-alone or
multifunction-type, top view) . 50
Figure B.2 – Three-phase face-to-face arrangement principle (stand-alone or
multifunction-type, top view) . 51
IEC 60947-9-2:2021 © IEC 2021 – 5 –
Figure B.3 – Three-phase edge-to-edge arrangement principle (line combined-type, top
view) . 52
Figure B.4 – Three-phase face-to-face arrangement principle (line combined-type, top
view) . 53
Figure B.5 – Three-phase test edge-to-edge arrangement principle (parallel combined-
type, top view) . 54
Figure B.6 – Three-phase test face-to-face arrangement principle (parallel combined-
type, top view) . 55
Figure B.7 – Positioning of optical sensor vs arc . 57
Figure C.1 – Detection of arc ignition . 61
Figure C.2 – Example of invalid test due to unintended arcing caused by incorrect
connection of ignition wire . 63
Figure D.1 – The luminosity function, also known as υ(λ) curve, describes the
sensitivity of the human eye . 66
Figure D.2 – Example of a measured absolute irradiance spectrum from an arc formed
across two copper busbars at 5 kA (RMS) 60 Hz . 67
Figure D.3 – Resulting integrals of the illuminance, Φ , and irradiance, Φ , produced
v e
from the measured arc data taken from Figure D.2 . 68
Figure D.4 – Block diagram of typical luxmeter circuit . 69
Figure D.5 – Example of spectral irradiance measurement from a compact
fluorescent light . 69
Figure D.6 – Basic components of a spectrometer . 71
Figure D.7 – Calculated emission of a Planck’s emitter at 2 500 K, υ(λ) curve and
resulting overlap . 73
Figure D.8 – Calibration bench for luxmeters . 74
Figure D.9 – Examples of spectral irradiance measured at 50 cm distance between
spectrometer and light source . 76
Figure D.10 – Spectral irradiance examples comparing a continuous xenon light source
to a pulsed xenon light source . 76
Figure E.1 – Calibrating the system for 2 000 lx . 78
Figure E.2 – Luxmeter readings for QTH at 207 W (6,50 A at 31,8 V) at various
distances between the luxmeter and the light source . 80
Figure E.3 – Test setup for an IACD fitted with point-sensor . 81
Figure E.4 – Test setup for an IACD fitted with optical fibre sensor . 81
d
Table 1 – Markings and indications for an IACD . 20
Table 2 – Test conditions for glow-wire test . 23
Table 3 – Tests sequences for standalone-type or multifunction-type IACD . 25
Table 4 – Tests sequences for combined-type IACD . 26
Table 5 – General conditions of tests under high energy . 37
Table 6 − EMC − Emission tests . 39
Table 7 – Insulation test parameters . 40
Table 8 – Vibration test parameters . 40
Table A.1 – Test circuit conditions . 45
Table A.2 – Ignition wire specifications . 45
Table A.3 – Arc parameters . 46
Table A.4 – Environmental conditions . 46
– 6 – IEC 60947-9-2:2021 © IEC 2021
Table A.5 – Point-sensor positioning values . 47
Table A.6 – Optical fibre sensor positioning values . 48
Table B.1 – Test circuit conditions . 56
Table B.2 – Arc values . 56
Table B.3 – Environmental conditions . 57
Table B.4 – Point-sensor positioning values . 58
Table B.5 – Optical fibre sensor positioning values . 58
Table B.6 – Authorized maintenance . 58
Table C.1 – Main phases of an arc-fault . 59
Table D.1 – Selected photometric and radiometric definitions and units . 65
Table E.1 – Minimum ambient light values regarding specific workplaces . 77
IEC 60947-9-2:2021 © IEC 2021 – 7 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
LOW-VOLTAGE SWITCHGEAR AND CONTROLGEAR –
Part 9-2: Active arc-fault mitigation systems –
Optical-based internal arc-detection and mitigation devices
FOREWORD
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IEC 60947-9-2 has been prepared by subcommittee 121A: Low-voltage switchgear and
controlgear, of IEC technical committee 121: Switchgear and controlgear and their assemblies
for low voltage. It is an International Standard.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
121A/406/FDIS 121A/417/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
– 8 – IEC 60947-9-2:2021 © IEC 2021
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/standardsdev/publications.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding
of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.
IEC 60947-9-2:2021 © IEC 2021 – 9 –
INTRODUCTION
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear, as well as complementary protective and measuring
devices, are installed in assemblies according to IEC 61439 series standards and/or others,
which provide rules and requirements for interface characteristics, service conditions,
construction, performance and verification.
The main objective of these standards is to achieve the safe operation of low-voltage switchgear
and controlgear assemblies under normal operating conditions as well as under abnormal
operating conditions, e.g. occurrence of overvoltage, overload or short-circuit currents.
The case of an arc-fault inside a LV assembly is considered by the following publications:
– IEC TR 61641, which specify tests requirements for assemblies under internal arc-fault;
– IEC TR 61439-0:2013, which identifies arc-fault containment in its Annex C;
– IEC TS 63107, which specifies tests to verify correct integration of internal arc-fault
mitigation systems in power switchgear and controlgear assemblies (PSC assemblies)
according to IEC 61439-2.
Even in a Class I assembly according to IEC TR 61641, the occurrence of an internal arc cannot
be completely excluded. Typically, internal arc-faults result from:
– conducting materials inadvertently left inside equipment during manufacture, installation or
maintenance;
– failures in materials or workmanship;
– inadvertent contact with a live conductor;
– entry of small animals such as mice, snakes, ants, etc.;
– use of an incorrect assembly for the application resulting in overheating and subsequently
an internal arcing fault;
– inappropriate operating conditions (for example water, fungus, or dust);
– incorrect operation; or,
– lack of maintenance or inappropriate maintenance (loose parts, paint, etc.).
The occurrence of arcs inside enclosed assemblies is associated with various physical
phenomena. For example, the arc energy resulting from an arc developed in air at atmospheric
pressure within the enclosure will cause an internal overpressure and local overheating which
will result in mechanical and thermal stressing of the assembly. Moreover, the materials
involved may produce hot decomposition products, either gases, metals or vapours, which may
be discharged outside of the enclosure.
Due to the risk of personal injury, damage and loss of energy supply as consequences of
internal arc-faults there is a growing demand for internal arc-fault sensing and mitigation. This
is the reason why some standards have been drafted to give specifications including test
protocol and acceptance criteria for corresponding devices. Arc-fault effects can be dramatically
reduced by active arc-fault mitigation systems, combining fast detection of the internal arc-fault,
and related actions on short-circuit protection devices and/or additional quenching devices.
Therefore, the application of such devices can result in:
– reduction of incident/released energy;
– shortening of power outage/downtime (by minimizing damage to the enclosed equipment,
switchgear and controlgear as well as other measuring and protective devices);
– limitation of side-effects to other systems, due to high and conti
...
標準ED EN IEC 60947-9-2:2025は、低電圧スイッチギアおよび制御機器におけるアーク故障の防止に関する重要な文書です。この規格は、低電圧スイッチギアおよび制御機器の内部アーク故障制御装置（IACD）に特化しており、内部アーク故障を効果的に検出し、その影響を最小限に抑えるための光学ベースの手法を採用しています。 この標準の強みは、内部アーク故障を検出する際に光学効果を利用することにより、さまざまな導電材料（例えば、鋼、銅、アルミニウム）を使用したLVアセンブリの中で最も批判的でチャレンジングな条件に対応するテストが含まれている点です。これにより、異なる材料からの反応を包括的に評価できるため、多様な使用条件においても信頼性の高いアーク検出が実現します。 また、この標準は、内部アーク故障がない正常な運転状態ではIACDがトリガーされないことを明確に規定しており、通常の操作で発生するアークに影響されることがないため、安全性が高まっています。IACDは、低電圧スイッチギアおよび制御機器に特有のデバイスであり、スキルを有する者のみが運用・保守を行うことを求めています。 さらに、光学的検出と線電流測定を用いた内部アーク故障の確認メカニズムも取り入れられており、より高い精度での故障検出が可能となっています。このように、EN IEC 60947-9-2:2025は、低電圧スイッチギアおよび制御機器に関する内部アーク故障制御装置にとって不可欠なガイドラインを提供しており、現代の産業環境における安全性向上に寄与する重要な文書です。
La norme SIST EN IEC 60947-9-2:2025 constitue un élément fondamental dans le domaine des dispositifs de contrôle des arcs internes à courant faible. Cette norme se concentre sur les systèmes de détection et d'atténuation des arcs internes basés sur des principes optiques, en détaillant les dispositifs de contrôle des arcs internes (IACD) qui détectent ces arcs à l'intérieur des équipements de commutation et de contrôle. L'un des grands atouts de cette norme réside dans son approche systématique de la détection des arcs internes en utilisant l'effet optique. Ce processus permet d'identifier les arcs avant qu'ils ne causent des dommages majeurs, garantissant ainsi une plus grande sécurité dans l'utilisation d'assemblages de commutation à basse tension. En intégrant des méthodes optiques pour la détection de l'éclairement causé par un arc interne, la norme confirme son efficacité en offrant une solution proactive à un problème technique critique. Un autre point fort de cette norme est son adaptabilité face à une variété de matériels conducteurs, y compris l'acier, le cuivre et l'aluminium. Les tests décrits dans ce document sont conçus pour représenter les conditions les plus critiques, ce qui garantit que les dispositifs de détection d'arc sont optimisés pour des performances maximales. De plus, la stipulation selon laquelle ces dispositifs ne doivent pas se déclencher en dehors des conditions d'arc interne renforce leur fiabilité pendant le fonctionnement normal, limitant ainsi les fausses alarmes. La pertinence de la norme SIST EN IEC 60947-9-2:2025 est également soulignée par son intégration avec d'autres normes existantes, comme IEC TS 63107 pour les dispositifs de mitigation des arcs internes, ce qui renforce son rôle dans l'écosystème complexe de la sécurité électrique. En précisant que la conformité à des normes de produits pertinentes est obligatoire, elle assure également aux utilisateurs que les dispositifs IACD répondent aux exigences de sécurité les plus strictes. En résumé, la norme SIST EN IEC 60947-9-2:2025 est précieuse pour le secteur de l'électrotechnique, offrant des solutions robustes et éprouvées pour la détection et la mitigation des arcs internes, tout en garantissant une compatibilité avec d'autres normes, ce qui facilite son adoption dans les pratiques actuelles de sécurité électrique.
표준 문서 SIST EN IEC 60947-9-2:2025는 저전압 차단기 및 제어기 분야에서 내부 아크 결함을 제어하는 장치, 즉 IACD(Internal Arc-Fault Control Devices)에 대한 포괄적인 내용을 다루고 있습니다. 이 문서는 IACD가 저전압 차단기 조립체 내에서 내부 아크 결함을 탐지하고, 이를 최소화하기 위한 완화 장치를 작동시키는 데 필요한 최소한의 정보를 제공합니다. 특히, 내부 아크 결함을 감지하기 위해 광학 효과를 처리하는 방식을 중심으로 하고 있으며, 여기서 '광' 또는 '광학'은 가시광선 스펙트럼을 넘어 적외선 및 자외선 전자기 복사를 포함합니다. 이 표준의 강점은 다양한 전도성 재료를 사용하는 저전압 조립체의 상황 속에서도 신뢰할 수 있는 아크 감지를 위한 테스트 조건을 설정하고 있다는 점입니다. 이 문서는 경우에 따라 조합된 타입의 IACD 및 또는 관련된 제품 표준을 기반으로 통합된 접근 방식을 강조합니다. 이는 IACD가 정상 작동 상태에서는 작동하지 않도록 설계되었음을 명확히 하여, 안전성을 한층 강화합니다. 문서에서 다루는 감지 방법은 내부 아크 결함으로 인한 빛의 광학적 감지 방법과 선택적으로 선로 전류 측정을 통한 확인 방법으로 국한됩니다. 이는 아크 감지와 관련하여 매우 비판적이고 도전적인 조건을 포함하고 있으며, 다양한 전도성 재료의 조합을 포괄적으로 고려합니다. 또한, 문서는 DC 내부 아크 결함 탐지 및 조정, 과전류 릴레이, AFDD(아크 결함 탐지 장치)와 같은 특정 내용은 제외하고 있으며, 이런 부분들에 대한 명확한 제한은 표준의 적용 범위를 정의하는 데 중요한 역할을 합니다. 결론적으로, SIST EN IEC 60947-9-2:2025 표준은 저전압 차단기 및 제어기 조립체의 안전성을 확보하기 위해 필수적인 가이드라인과 프로세스를 제공하며, IACD의 효과적인 구현을 위한 기초를 마련합니다. 이 표준은 안전하고 신뢰할 수 있는 전기 시스템을 위한 필수 요소로, 관련 분야의 전문가들에게 매우 중요하게 자리잡고 있습니다.
Die Norm EN IEC 60947-9-2:2025 befasst sich mit aktiven Fehlerbehebungssystemen für interne Lichtbogen, die bei Niederspannungs-Schaltgeräten und -Steuerungen eingesetzt werden. Der Umfang dieses Dokuments konzentriert sich auf Geräte zur Kontrolle von internen Lichtbogenfehlern, bekannt als IACD (Internal Arc-Fault Control Devices). Diese Geräte sind darauf ausgelegt, interne Lichtbogenfehler in Niederspannungs-Schaltgeräten und -Baugruppen zu erkennen, indem sie mindestens die optischen Effekte eines internen Lichtbogenfehlers verarbeiten. Darüber hinaus sind sie in der Lage, ein Mitigation-Gerät zu aktivieren, um die Auswirkungen des internen Lichtbogenfehlers zu minimieren. Ein wesentlicher Vorteil dieser Norm liegt in der umfassenden Definition der Sensorik, die zur optischen Erkennung des Lichtes, das durch interne Lichtbogenfehler verursacht wird, eingesetzt wird. Die Möglichkeit, optische Effekte, wie infrarote oder ultraviolette elektromagnetische Strahlung, zu berücksichtigen, erweitert das Anwendungsspektrum erheblich. Das Dokument liefert zudem Anleitungen zur Kombination von IACD mit entsprechenden Sensoren und Mitigation-Geräten, was die Integration von Technologien zur Fehlerfeststellung und -minderung in Niederspannungsanlagen erleichtert. Ein weiterer wichtiger Punkt ist die Liste der spezifischen Bedingungen, unter denen das IACD betrieben werden sollte. Es wird ausdrücklich darauf hingewiesen, dass eine Auslösung des Geräts unter normalen Betriebsbedingungen ausgeschlossen ist, was die Sicherheit und Zuverlässigkeit im Betrieb erhöht. Darüber hinaus wird in dem Dokument dargelegt, dass die Verwendung von Materialien wie Kupfer, Aluminium und Stahl berücksichtigt wird, wobei die Tests hinsichtlich der Lichtbogenerkennung unter kritischen Bedingungen durchgeführt wurden. Die Norm definiert auch klar die Grenzen, was nicht abgedeckt wird, wie z.B. die DC-Lichtbogenfehlererkennung und -kontrolle, und stellt sicher, dass die Anforderungen an eingebettete Software und Cybersicherheit durch den Hersteller verantwortet werden müssen. Das sorgt für eine klare Zuordnung von Verantwortung und trägt zu einer höheren Sicherheit in der Anwendung bei. Insgesamt zeigt die EN IEC 60947-9-2:2025 eine signifikante Relevanz für die Entwicklung sicherer und effizienter Systeme zur Lichtbogenkontrolle in Niederspannungsanlagen. Sie fördert ein weitreichendes Verständnis und bietet die Grundlage für die Integration von fortschrittlichen Technologien zur Gewährleistung der Betriebssicherheit in der Elektroinstallationstechnik.
The EN IEC 60947-9-2:2025 standard focuses on the critical area of internal arc-fault mitigation systems specifically designed for low-voltage switchgear and controlgear. The scope of this document is comprehensive, covering internal arc-fault control devices (IACDs) that detect internal arc-faults through optical effects and activate mitigation devices. One of the primary strengths of this standard is its emphasis on the detection of internal arc-faults using sophisticated optical methods, which encompass more than just visible light, including infrared and ultraviolet wavelengths. This broad range enhances the reliability of arc detection, significantly improving safety and performance in low-voltage environments. The document also includes provisions for the integration of IACDs with additional sensors that can confirm faults, thereby reducing false positives and ensuring that mitigation devices operate only during actual fault conditions. Furthermore, the standard establishes that IACDs must not trigger during normal operations, which indicates a well-considered approach to the management of arcing phenomena associated with disconnecting and switching devices. This aspect underscores the focus on creating systems that prioritize safety without compromising operational reliability. The scope also highlights critical considerations regarding the variability of materials used in low-voltage assemblies, such as steel, copper, and aluminum, while categorically stating that the tests outlined within the document are designed to simulate the most challenging conditions for arc detection. This focus on robust testing ensures that devices meet high safety standards, assuring users of their efficacy across different materials and configurations. However, it is explicitly noted that certain parameters fall outside the scope, such as DC internal arc-fault detection, overcurrent relays, and installation guidelines within assemblies. This clear delineation helps manufacturers and users understand the exact applicability and limitations of the standard, reinforcing its relevance in providing targeted guidance for the development and application of internal arc-fault mitigation devices. The strong emphasis on compliance with existing product standards, alongside the consideration for future developments in DC arcing phenomena, positions EN IEC 60947-9-2:2025 as a crucial document for manufacturers and safety professionals concerned with low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies. Overall, the standard is a timely and relevant addition to the ongoing efforts to enhance electrical safety in low-voltage environments.
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