EN IEC 63203-401-1:2023

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-januar-2024
Nosljive elektronske naprave in tehnologije - 401-1. del: Naprave in sistemi -
funkcionalni elementi - Metoda vrednotenja raztegljivega uporovnega senzorja
napetosti (IEC 63203-401-1:2023)
Wearable electronic devices and technologies - Part 401-1: Devices and systems -
functional elements - Evaluation method of the stretchable resistive strain sensor (IEC
63203-401-1:2023)
Tragbare elektronische Geräte und Technologien - Teil 401-1: Produkte und Systeme -
Funktionselemente - Bewertungsverfahren für dehnbare Widerstandssensoren (IEC
63203-401-1:2023)
Technologies et dispositifs électroniques prêt-à-porter - Partie 401-1 : Dispositifs et
systèmes: éléments de fonctionnement - Méthode d’évaluation de la jauge de contrainte
extensible de type résistif (IEC 63203-401-1:2023)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN IEC 63203-401-1:2023
ICS:
31.020 Elektronske komponente na Electronic components in
splošno general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN IEC 63203-401-1

NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM November 2023
ICS 31.020
English Version
Wearable electronic devices and technologies - Part 401-1:
Devices and systems: functional elements - Evaluation method
of the stretchable resistive strain sensor
(IEC 63203-401-1:2023)
Technologies et dispositifs électroniques prêt-à-porter - Tragbare elektronische Geräte und Technologien - Teil 401-
Partie 401-1 : Dispositifs et systèmes: éléments de 1: Produkte und Systeme - Funktionselemente -
fonctionnement - Méthode d'évaluation de la jauge de Bewertungsverfahren für dehnbare Widerstandssensoren
contrainte extensible de type résistif (IEC 63203-401-1:2023)
(IEC 63203-401-1:2023)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2023-11-13. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Türkiye and the United Kingdom.

European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN IEC 63203-401-1:2023 E

European foreword
The text of document 124/223/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 63203-401-1, prepared by IEC/TC 124
"Wearable electronic devices and technologies" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and
approved by CENELEC as EN IEC 63203-401-1:2023.
The following dates are fixed:
• latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national (dop) 2024-08-13
level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the (dow) 2026-11-13
document have to be withdrawn
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national committee. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CENELEC website.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 63203-401-1:2023 was approved by CENELEC as a
European Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standard indicated:
IEC 63203-101-1:2021 NOTE Approved as EN IEC 63203-101-1:2021 (not modified)
IEC 62047-22:2014 NOTE Approved as EN 62047-22:2014 (not modified)
IEC 62047-2:2006 NOTE Approved as EN 62047-2:2006 (not modified)
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
NOTE 1  Where an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod),
the relevant EN/HD applies.
NOTE 2  Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available
here: www.cencenelec.eu.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 62899-202-4 2021 Printed electronics - Part 202-4: Materials - - -
Conductive ink - Measurement methods for
properties of stretchable printed layers
(conductive and insulating)
ISO 291 2008 Plastics - Standard atmospheres for EN ISO 291 2008
conditioning and testing
ISO/TS 12901-2 2014 Nanotechnologies - Occupational risk - -
management applied to engineered
nanomaterials - Part 2: Use of the control
banding approach
IEC 63203-401-1 ®
Edition 1.0 2023-10
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Wearable electronic devices and technologies –

Part 401-1: Devices and systems: functional elements – Evaluation method of

the stretchable resistive strain sensor

Technologies et dispositifs électroniques prêt-à-porter –

Partie 401-1: Dispositifs et systèmes: éléments de fonctionnement – Méthode

d’évaluation de la jauge de contrainte extensible de type résistif

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 31.020  ISBN 978-2-8322-7558-0

– 2 – IEC 63203-401-1:2023 © IEC 2023
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
3.1 Terms and definitions . 6
3.2 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 7
4 Test environments . 7
5 Test specimen . 8
5.1 Shape of the test specimen of the stretchable strain sensor . 8
5.2 Measurement of dimensions . 8
6 Test method and test apparatus . 9
6.1 General . 9
6.2 Test apparatus and measurement . 9
7 Test procedure . 13
8 Measurement of sensor performance and endurance . 13
8.1 Gauge factor . 13
8.1.1 General . 13
8.1.2 Purpose . 13
8.1.3 Test procedure . 14
8.2 Linearity . 14
8.2.1 Purpose . 14
8.2.2 Test procedure . 14
8.3 Response characteristics . 14
8.3.1 General . 14
8.3.2 Purpose . 15
8.3.3 Test procedure . 15
8.4 Hysteresis . 15
8.4.1 General . 15
8.4.2 Purpose . 15
8.4.3 Test procedure . 15
9 Test report . 16
Annex A (informative) Strain sensor resistance measurement . 17
Annex B (informative) Effects of strain rate on performances of the stretchable strain
sensor . 18
Annex C (informative) Measurement of response time of the stretchable strain sensor . 19
Annex D (normative) Examples of hysteresis calculations . 20
Bibliography . 22

Figure 1 – Shape of a test specimen of the stretchable strain sensor . 8
Figure 2 – Example of stretching test machine . 9
Figure 3 – Schematic drawing of a stretching test machine and two-wire measurement
method . 10
Figure 4 – Schematic drawing of a stretching test machine and four-wire measurement
method . 12
Figure 5 – Linearity measurement of the stretchable strain sensor . 14

IEC 63203-401-1:2023 © IEC 2023 – 3 –
Figure A.1 – Changes in electrical resistances when the strain sensor is stretched . 17
Figure B.1 – Examples of the effects of strain rate on performances of the stretchable
strain sensor . 18
Figure C.1 – Examples of the response time of the stretchable strain sensors . 19
Figure D.1 – Example of the hysteresis behaviour of a stretchable strain sensor . 20
Figure D.2 – Example calculation of hysteresis behaviour . 20
Figure D.3 – Calculation of hysteresis behaviour of the stretchable strain sensor . 21
Figure D.4 – Example of calculation of the degree of hysteresis . 21

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INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
WEARABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND TECHNOLOGIES –

Part 401-1: Devices and systems: functional elements –
Evaluation method of the stretchable resistive strain sensor

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their
preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between
any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 63203-401-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 124: Wearable electronic
devices and technologies. It is an International Standard.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
124/223/FDIS 124/239/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.

IEC 63203-401-1:2023 © IEC 2023 – 5 –
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/publications.
A list of all parts in the IEC 63203 series, published under the general title Wearable electronic
devices and technologies, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn, or
• revised.
IMPORTANT – The "colour inside" logo on the cover page of this document indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding
of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.

– 6 – IEC 63203-401-1:2023 © IEC 2023
WEARABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND TECHNOLOGIES –

Part 401-1: Devices and systems: functional elements –
Evaluation method of the stretchable resistive strain sensor

1 Scope
This part of IEC 63203-401 specifies a measurement method of tensile strain for stretchable,
resistive strain sensors. This document describes characterization procedures for evaluation of
the gauge factor, linearity, response characteristics, and hysteresis of unimodal tension sensors
but is not appropriate for assessment of the physical properties of the sensor material such as
the elastic modulus, elastic limit, and Poisson's ratio.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 62899-202-4:2021, Printed electronics – Part 202-4: Materials – Conductive ink –
Measurement methods for properties of stretchable printed layers (conductive and insulating)
ISO 291:2008, Plastics – Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
ISO/TS 12901-2:2014, Nanotechnologies – Occupational risk management applied to
engineered nanomaterials – Part 2: Use of the control banding approach
3 Terms and definitions
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1.1
stretchable substrate
stretchable material
substrate or material able to recover original size and shape immediately after the removal of
the extending force causing deformation
Note 1 to entry: In this document, the notion of "stretchability" is based on the elasticity of the substrate.
[SOURCE: IEC 63203-101-1:2021, 3.10 [1]]

IEC 63203-401-1:2023 © IEC 2023 – 7 –
3.1.2
gauge factor
G
F
ratio of the change in electrical resistance divided by the original resistance (R , resistance in
o
the undeformed configuration) to engineering strain (e) along the axis of the stretching
(RR – ) / R
OO
Note 1 to entry: Gauge factor is expressed as G = , where R is the initial resistance in the
F O
e
undeformed configuration, R is the electrical resistance in the deformed configuration, and e is the tensile strain.
[SOURCE: IEC 62047-22:2014, 3.1.1 [2] modified – "along the axis of the stretching" has been
added to the definition, and, in the note to entry, "where R is the electrical resistance in the
is the initial resistance in the
deformed configuration" has been replaced with "where R
O
undeformed configuration, R is the electrical resistance in the deformed configuration, and e is
the tensile strain".]
3.1.3
gauge length
length of the strain-sensitive section of a stretchable strain sensor in the direction of the
measurement axis
3.2 Symbols and abbreviated terms
Symbol Unit Description
a mm Width of the resistive thin film
h µm Thickness of the resistive thin film
l
mm Gauge length of the sensor
l
mm Length of the stretchable resistive thin film
4 Test environments
The tests shall be performed under constant temperature and humidity conditions. As
environmental conditions, including temperature and humidity, can affect the electrical and
mechanical properties of resistive materials and substrates, the testing temperature and
humidity shall be monitored during testing. Fluctuations in temperature during a test shall be
kept to less than ±2 °C. Thus, when testing such materials, the change in relative humidity (RH)
in the testing laboratory shall be kept to less than ±10 % RH. The recommended temperature
and relative humidity are 23 °C ± 2 °C and relative humidity of 50 ± 10 %, respectively,
conforming to standard atmosphere class 2 specified in ISO 291. Whenever testing is
conducted, the environmental conditions shall be recorded.

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5 Test specimen
5.1 Shape of the test specimen of the stretchable strain sensor
The shape of the stretchable strain sensor to be tested shall be rectangular or square. The test
specimen has a stretchable substrate, and the resistive thin film is deposited on this stretchable
substrate or on a single layer of resistive composite materials. Figure 1 presents the basic
shape of the test specimen including pads or metal layer for electrical connection. For the pad,
the thin metal film or coating is deposited or fabricated on the resistive sensor layer. The film
materials with low stiffness are fabricated as thin as possible (for example, less than a few
micrometers in thickness) so that the stretching of the resistive sensor material is not restricted
due to the pad material. Some resistive composite sensor materials can be sensitive to the
deposition process. Thus, there will be a possibility that the resistive sensor materials can be
damaged during the deposition process. In this case, metal clips can be used for electrical
connection instead of metal pads. The length of the stretchable resistive thin film l can be the
same as the length of the stretchable substrate. The width of stretchable substrate is more than
or equal to the width of the resistive thin film.
For uniform strain distribution, a rectangular strip shape is recommended. Sin
...