EN 60076-4:2002

SLOVENSKI SIST EN 60076-4:2004

STANDARD
februar 2004
Power transformers - Part 4: Guide to the lightning impulse and switching impulse
testing - Power transformers and reactors (IEC 60076-4:2002)
ICS 29.180 Referenčna številka
©  Standard je založil in izdal Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje ali kopiranje celote ali delov tega dokumenta ni dovoljeno

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 60076-4
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM September 2002
ICS 29.180
English version
Power transformers
Part 4: Guide to the lightning impulse and switching impulse testing -
Power transformers and reactors
(IEC 60076-4:2002)
Transformateurs de puissance Leistungstransformatoren
Partie 4: Guide pour les essais au choc Teil 4: Leitfaden zur Blitz-
de foudre et au choc de manoeuvre - und Schaltstoßspannungsprüfung
Transformateurs de puissance von Leistungstransformatoren
et bobines d'inductance und Drosselspulen
(CEI 60076-4:2002) (IEC 60076-4:2002)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2002-09-01. CENELEC members are bound to
comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and
notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels
© 2002 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 60076-4:2002 E
Foreword
The text of document 14/413/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 60076-4, prepared by IEC TC 14, Power
transformers, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as
EN 60076-4 on 2002-09-01.
The following dates were fixed:
– latest date by which the EN has to be implemented
at national level by publication of an identical
national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2003-06-01
– latest date by which the national standards conflicting
with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2005-09-01
Annexes designated "normative" are part of the body of the standard.
Annexes designated "informative" are given for information only.
In this standard, annex ZA is normative and annexes A and B are informative.
Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC.
__________
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 60076-4:2002 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
__________
- 3 - EN 60076-4:2002
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other
publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the
publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any
of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or
revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including
amendments).
NOTE When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant
EN/HD applies.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
1) 2)
IEC 60060-1 - High-voltage test techniques HD 588.1 S1 1991
Part 1: General definitions and test
requirements
1) 2)
IEC 60060-2 - Part 2: Measuring systems EN 60060-2 1994
1) 2)
IEC 60076-3 - Power transformers EN 60076-3 2001
Part 3: Insulation levels, dielectric tests
and external clearances in air
1) 2)
IEC 60289 - Reactors EN 60289 1994
1) 2)
IEC 61083-1 - Instruments and software used for EN 61083-1 2001
measurement in high-voltage impulse
tests
Part 1: Requirements for instruments
1) 2)
IEC 61083-2 - Digital recorders for measurements in EN 61083-2 1997
high-voltage impulse tests
Part 2: Evaluation of software used for
the determination of the parameters of
impulse waveforms
1)
Undated reference.
2)
Valid edition at date of issue.

NORME CEI
INTERNATIONALE IEC
60076-4
INTERNATIONAL
Première édition
STANDARD
First edition
2002-06
Transformateurs de puissance –
Partie 4:
Guide pour les essais au choc de foudre
et au choc de manoeuvre –
Transformateurs de puissance
et bobines d'inductance
Power transformers –
Part 4:
Guide to the lightning impulse and
switching impulse testing –
Power transformers and reactors
 IEC 2002 Droits de reproduction réservés  Copyright - all rights reserved
Aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any
utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et les photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'éditeur. the publisher.
International Electrotechnical Commission, 3, rue de Varembé, PO Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland
Telephone: +41 22 919 02 11 Telefax: +41 22 919 03 00 E-mail: inmail@iec.ch  Web: www.iec.ch
CODE PRIX
XB
PRICE CODE
Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
International Electrotechnical Commission
Международная Электротехническая Комиссия
Pour prix, voir catalogue en vigueur
For price, see current catalogue

60076-4  IEC:2002 – 3 –
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.7
1 Scope.11
2 Normative references .11
3 General .13
4 Specified waveshapes .13
5 Test circuit .13
6 Calibration.17
7 Lightning impulse tests .17
7.1 Waveshapes.17
7.2 Impulses chopped on the tail .19
7.3 Terminal connections and applicable methods of failure detection.21
7.4 Test procedures .23
7.5 Recording of tests .25
8 Switching impulse tests .31
8.1 Special requirements.31
8.2 Transformers.31
8.3 Reactors.39
9 Interpretation of oscillograms or digital recordings.43
9.1 Lightning impulse .43
9.2 Switching impulse.47
10 Digital processing, including transfer function analysis .49
11 Impulse test reports.53
Annex A (informative) Principles of waveshape control .63
Annex B (informative) Typical oscillograms and digital recordings.77
Figure 1 – Typical impulse test circuit .55
Figure 2 – Lightning impulse test terminal connections and applicable methods
of failure detection .57
Figure 3 – Transformer and reactor switching impulse waveshapes .59
Figure 4 – Switching impulse test terminal connections and methods
of failure detection .61
Figure A.1 – Waveshape control for high-impedance windings .63
Figure A.2 – Wavetail control for low impedance windings .67
Figure A.3 – Damped oscillation .69
Figure A.4 – Effects due to short length of wavetail.73
Figure A.5 – Winding earthed through a resistor .75
Figure A.6 – Resistance earthing of low-impedance windings .75
Figure B.1 – Lightning impulse, full-wave failure – Line-to-neutral breakdown
across high-voltage winding of 400 kV generator transformer .81
Figure B.2 – Lightning impulse, full-wave failure – Breakdown between discs
at entrance to high-voltage winding of 115 kV transformer .83

60076-4  IEC:2002 – 5 –
Figure B.3 – Lightning impulse, interlayer breakdown in coarse-step tapping winding
of a 400/220 kV transformer.85
Figure B.4 – Lightning impulse, full-wave failure – Breakdown between leads
of two 1,1 % sections of outside tapping winding of 400 kV generator transformer .87
Figure B.5 – Lightning impulse, full-wave failure – Breakdown short-circuiting
one section of the fine-step tapping winding of a 220 kV transformer .89
Figure B.6 – Lightning impulse, full-wave failure – Breakdown between parallel
conductors in a multi-conductor main high-voltage winding of a 220/110 kV transformer.91
Figure B.7 – Lightning impulse, full-wave failure – Breakdown between foils of 66 kV
bushing on tested winding.93
Figure B.8 – Lightning impulse, chopped-wave failure – Breakdown between turns
in the main high-voltage winding of a 115 kV transformer .95
Figure B.9 – Lightning impulse, chopped-wave failure – Breakdown between turns
in a fine-step tapping winding of a 220 kV transformer .97
Figure B.10 – Chopped lightning impulse – Impulses at different voltage levels
with identical times to chopping when testing a 115 kV transformer .99
Figure B.11 – Chopped lightning impulse – Effects of differences in times to chopping
when testing a 220 kV transformer.101
Figure B.12 – Full lightning impulse – Effect of non-linear resistors embodied
in neutral end on-load tap-changer of a transformer with separate windings.103
Figure B.13 – Full lightning impulse – Effect of generator firing differences
at different voltage levels when testing a 400 kV transformer.105
Figure B.14 – Switching impulse – Satisfactory test on a 400 kV three-phase
generator transformer .107
Figure B.15 – Switching impulse – Breakdown by axial flashover of the main high-
voltage winding of a 525 kV single-phase, generator transformer.109
Figure B.16 – Switching impulse – Satisfactory test on a 33 Mvar, 525 kV
single-phase shunt reactor.111
Figure B.17 – Lightning impulse – Comparison of the transfer function
of a full wave and a chopped wave .113
Figure B.18 – Full lightning impulse – Evaluation of a non-standard waveshape –
Influence of in-built smoothing algorithms in digitizers .115
Figure B.19 – Full lightning impulse – Non-standard waveshape,
superimposed oscillations with >50 % amplitude and frequency <0,5 MHz .115
Figure B.20 – Chopped lightning impulse – Non-standard chopped wave
on a layer type winding .117
Figure B.21 – Full lightning impulse – Non-standard waveshape, comparison
of non-standard waveshapes by digitizers of different make from the same recording .119
Figure B.22 – Ful
...