EN 13031-2:2024

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-februar-2025
Rastlinjaki: Projektiranje in gradnja - 2. del: Rastlinjaki v vrtnih centrih
Greenhouses: Design and construction - Part 2: Greenhouses in garden centres open to
the public
Gewächshäuser - Bemessung und Konstruktion - Teil 2: Verkaufsgewächshäuser
Serres - Calcul et construction - Partie 2: Serres dans les jardineries ouvertes au public
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 13031-2:2024
ICS:
65.040.30 Rastlinjaki in druge naprave Greenhouses and other
installations
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN 13031-2
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
December 2024
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 65.040.30
English Version
Greenhouses - Design and construction - Part 2:
Greenhouses open to the public
Serres - Calcul et construction - Partie 2 : Serres dans Gewächshäuser - Bemessung und Konstruktion - Teil 2:
les jardineries ouvertes au public Gewächshäuser mit Zugang für die Öffentlichkeit
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 11 November 2024.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2024 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 13031-2:2024 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Symbols and abbreviations . 7
5 Snow actions . 9
5.1 General. 9
5.2 Requirements for heated greenhouses with controlled snow loads . 10
5.3 Special heat transmittance (U value according to ISO 4355:2013, Annex D) . 11
o
5.4 Snow load distribution . 13
Annex A (informative) Thermal coefficients C according to ISO 4355:2013, Annex D . 14
t
Annex B (informative) Controlled snow loads according to ISO 4355:2013, Annex F . 18
B.1 General. 18
B.2 Application for single short-term snowfall events in the Mediterranean . 20
Bibliography . 22

European foreword
This document (EN 13031-2:2024) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 284
“Greenhouses”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2025, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by June 2025.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document is related to greenhouses open to the public used for the exhibition, presentation and / or
retail of plants.
The Eurocodes recognize the responsibility of each Member State and have safeguarded their right to
determine values related to regulatory safety matters at national level through the use of National
Annexes.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the United
Kingdom.
Introduction
This document relates specifically to greenhouses open to the public, used for the exhibition, presentation
and / or sale of plants, such as greenhouses in garden centers or expositions in botanical gardens. Part 1
of this document is related to commercial production greenhouses used for the professional production
of plants with limited access for authorized personnel only.
The structural design of greenhouses open to the public is carried out using EN 1990 and the relevant
parts of EN 1991-series to EN 1999-series (Eurocodes 1 to 9) and any further parts, which may follow
(e.g. for glass), regarding the general principles and basic requirements for actions, structural resistance
and stability, serviceability, durability and robustness. National Application Documents (NAD) are
considered for each of the parts.
This document gives additional non-contradictory rules and complementary information for snow
actions on the transparent claddings of greenhouses, where special methods are used, to remove snow
and optimize the transmission of solar radiation, which would otherwise not permit the climate for a
successful growth of plants.
The snow load on the roof can be controlled by removing snow, for example by melting snow with a
system for controlled heating. Controlled snow load is the difference between the initial snow load
expected when heavy snowfall starts, and the snow load removed by a device whose performance is
guaranteed even during heavy snowfall, see ISO 4355. With this document the values for controlled snow
loads can be calculated, taking into account the thermal coefficient C for roof claddings with high thermal
t
transmittance.
For wind loads on greenhouses with multi-span roofs, EN 1991-1-4 gives conservative values for
aerodynamic force and pressure coefficients and structural factors. In supplement to calculations
according EN 1991-1-4, wind tunnel tests and proven and/or properly validated numerical methods may
be used to obtain load and response information.
As long as a structural Eurocode part on glass is not available, it is recommended to specify the glazing
and the relevant design regulations in the National Annex to this part of the standard. For flat glass panels
uniformly loaded perpendicular to their surface, simply supported along the edges and with nominal
thickness not less than 4 mm, EN 13031-1 can be used.
National choices are allowed in EN 13031-2 through the following clauses:
— Glazing and design method for the structural safety of glass panels (as long as the Eurocode Glass or
other regulations (NAD) are not available) (see above)
— 5.1 (1) for characteristic values of snow actions
— 5.1 (3) for the determination of thermal coefficients C < 1
t
— 5.2 (3) for minimum air temperature under the roof for controlled heating
— 5.2 (5) for safety measures for controlled heating
— 5.4 (2) for appropriate snow load distributions for sliding snow on slippery surfaces
National choice is allowed in EN 13031-2 on the use of the informative annexes:
— Annex A for the minimum roof snow load min s and the calculation of C using the formulae and the
i,t t
appropriate limitations within the given parameter ranges
— Annex B for the determination of C or C based on statistical evaluation of data of snowfall rates,
t,0 t
calculation of the heat energy flux and melt rates
When no national choice is given, the default values given in this document can be used. The National
Annex can contain, directly or by reference, further non-contradictory complementary information, in
line with the verbal forms “shall”, “should”, “may” and “can”, as they are used in the Eurocode.
1 Scope
This document specifies principles and requirements for the determination of controlled snow loads on
the transparent cladding of greenhouses open to the public.
This document can be applied either to the greenhouse or only to the transparent cladding system.
Fire resistance-related aspects are not covered in this document.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 673, Glass in building — Determination of thermal transmittance (U value) — Calculation method
EN 674, Glass in building — Determination of thermal transmittance (U value) — Guarded hot plate method
EN 675, Glass in building — Determination of thermal transmittance (U value) — Heat flow meter method
EN 1990, Eurocode — Basis of structural and geotechnical design
EN 1991 (all parts), Eurocode 1 — Actions on structures
EN 1991-1-3, Eurocode 1 — Actions on structures — Part 1-3: General actions - Snow loads
EN ISO 6946, Building components and building elements — Thermal resistance and thermal transmittance
— Calculation methods (ISO 6946)
EN ISO 10077-1, Thermal performance of windows, doors and shutters — Calculation of thermal
transmittance — Part 1: General (ISO 10077-1)
EN ISO 10077-2, Thermal performance of windows, doors and shutters — Calculation of thermal
transmittance — Part 2: Numerical method for frames (ISO 10077-2)
ISO 4355, Bases for design of structures — Determination of snow loads on roofs
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1990, EN 1991 and the following
apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp/
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
greenhouse
building structure that optimizes solar radiation transmission used for plants requiring regulated
climatic conditions
3.2
greenhouse open to the public
greenhouse (3.1) used for the professional presentation and / or sale of plants, such as garden centers or
expositions in botanical gardens, where people can have access to certain areas (traffic areas)
3.3
commercial production greenhouse
greenhouse (3.1) for professional production and / or protection of plants, where human occupancy is
restricted to authorized personnel, concerning low levels in number and duration
Note 1 to entry: Other persons shall be accompanied by authorized personnel.
3.4
transparent cladding
cladding, that allows transmission of solar radiation, required for the growth of plants
Note 1 to entry: Transparent cladding makes snow accumulation visible (impaired solar radiation); immediate
measures can be taken for removal of the snow.
3.5
controlled snow load
difference between the initial snow load expected during a heavy snowfall and the snow load removed
by a device whose performance is guaranteed even during heavy snowfall
3.6
controlled heating
heating operation with devices that are intended and capable of melting and / or removing an amount of
snow, to limit the roof snow load as fast as required
4 Symbols and abbreviations
4.1 For the purposes of this document, the following symbols and abbreviations apply.
4.2 Abbreviations:
NAD National Application Documents, e.g. National Annex to Eurocode, also National Code or
Standard or National Regulation of an Authority
ETFE Ethylene-Tetrafluoroethylene
PE Polyethylene
SWE Snow-water-equivalent
WMO World Meteorological Organization
4.3 Symbols:
NOTE The following symbols used in this document are based on EN 1990 and EN 1991.
Latin upper-case letters:
Ce exposure coefficient
C special exposure coefficient for controlled snow loads
e,c
C thermal coefficient
t
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