EN 13205:2001

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2002
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Workplace atmospheres - Assessment of performance of instruments for measurement
of airborne particle concentrations
Arbeitsplatzatmosphäre - Bewertung der Leistungsfähigkeit von Geräten für die Messung
der Konzentration luftgetragener Partikel
Atmospheres des lieux de travail - Evaluation des performances des intruments de
mesurage des concentrations d'aérosol
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 13205:2001
ICS:
13.040.30 Kakovost zraka na delovnem Workplace atmospheres
mestu
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 13205
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
December 2001
ICS 13.040.30
English version
Workplace atmospheres - Assessment of performance of
instruments for measurement of airborne particle concentrations
Atmosphères des lieux de travail - Evaluation des Arbeitsplatzatmosphäre - Bewertung der Leistungsfähigkeit
performances des intruments de mesurage des von Geräten für die Messung der Konzentration
concentrations d'aérosols luftgetragener Partikel
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 November 2001.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2001 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 13205:2001 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents
page
Foreword.4
Introduction .5
1 Scope .6
2 Normative references.6
3 Terms and definitions .7
4 Requirements.9
4.1 Summary of requirements.9
4.2 Accuracy.9
5 Test methods .10
5.1 Choice of laboratory tests to be used.10
5.2 Overview of test methods.11
6 Types of evaluation .11
7 Instructions for use .12
8 Marking, quality control .12
8.1 Marking.12
8.2 Quality control .13
Annex A (normative) Laboratory testing of samplers with respect to sampling conventions .14
A.1 Principle.14
A.2 Test method.14
A.2.1 General.14
A.2.1 Test conditions .14
A.2.2 Test variables.14
A.2.4 Experimental requirements .16
A.3 Calculation methods .18
A.3.2 Symbols and abbreviated terms .18
A.3.3 Determination of the sampling efficiency .19
A.3.4 Calculation of the sampled aerosol concentration. .19
A.3.5 Calculation of the ideal sampled aerosol concentration .19
A.3.6 Calculation of the sampler bias.19
A.3.7 Application of a sampler correction factor.20
A.3.8 Calculation of the uncertainty in the estimated sampler bias.20
A.3.9 Calculation of the sampler accuracy.20
A.4 Test report .21
A.4.1 Testing laboratory details and sponsoring organisation .21
A.4.2 Description of the tested sampler .21
A.4.3 Critical review of sampling process (see clause 5).21
A.4.4 Laboratory methods used .21
A.4.5 Details of experimental design.22
A.4.6 Presentation of experimental results.22
A.4.7 Data analysis.22
A.4.8 Sampler performance.22
Annex B (normative) Laboratory comparison of instruments.25
B.1 Principle .25
B.2 Test method.25
B.2.2 Test conditions .25
B.2.3 Test variables .26
B.2.4 Experimental requirements .28
B.3 Calculation methods .29
B.3.1 Symbols and abbreviated terms.29
B.3.2 Distribution of ratios .29
B.3.3 Correction factor.29
B.3.4 Accuracy.29
B.3.5 Temperature stability.30
B.3.6 Time stability .30
B.4 Test Report.30
B.4.1 Testing laboratory details and sponsoring organisation .30
B.4.2 Description of the candidate instrument and reference sampler .30
B.4.3 Critical review of sampling process (clause 5).30
B.4.4 Test facilities .30
B.4.5 Details of experimental design.31
B.4.6 Data analysis.31
B.4.7 Candidate instrument performance.31
B.4.8 Summary and information for the user.31
Annex C (informative) Recommended procedure for field comparison of instruments.32
C.1 Principle.32
C.2 Comparison procedure.32
C.2.2 Comparison of two types of personal instrument.33
C.2.3 Comparison of two types of static instrument .33
C.2.4 Periodic validation .33
C.3 Calculation methods .33
C.3.1 Symbols and abbreviated terms .33
C.3.2 Estimation of the correction function.33
C.3.3 Exclusion of outliers .34
C.3.4 Residual uncertainty after transformation by the correction function.34
C.3.5 Equivalence.34
C.4 Documentation .34
C.4.1 General.34
C.4.2 Description of the candidate instrument and reference sampler .34
C.4.3 Critical review of sampling process (clause 5).35
C.4.4 Circumstances of field comparison .35
C.4.5 Details of experimental design.35
C.4.6 Data analysis.35
C.4.7 Equivalence.35
Annex D (normative) Handling and transport test.36
D.1 Principle.36
D.2 Test procedure .36
D.2.1 General.36
D.2.2 Test equipment .36
D.2.3 Mounting of the samplers.36
D.2.4 Test particles and method of loading collection media.36
D.2.5 Test method .37
D.3 Calculation methods.37
D.4 Test Report.37
D.4.1 Testing laboratory details and sponsoring organisation .37
D.4.2 Description of candidate instrument and collection medium .37
D.4.3 Description of test methods and materials.38
D.4.4 Results .38
D.4.5 Summary.38
Annex E (normative) Calculation of overall uncertainty .39
E.1 Principle .39
E.2 Definition of relative overall uncertainty.39
E.3 Combination of sampling and analytical bias .39
E.4 Combination of sampling and analytical precision .40
Annex F (informative) Analysis of sampling efficiency data .41
F.1 Introduction .41
F.2 Example of a balanced experimental design.41
F.3 Analysis of efficiency data using the polygonal approximation method .41
F.3.1 Estimation of mean sampled concentration .41
F.3.2 Statistical model.42
F.4 Curve-fitting method.43
Bibliography .45
Foreword
This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 137 "Assessment of workplace
exposure", the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
by endorsement, at the latest by June 2002, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by
June 2002.
This document contains annexes A, B, D, E, that are normative and annexes C and F that are informative.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Introduction
EN 481 defines sampling conventions for the particle size fractions to be collected from workplace atmospheres in
order to assess their impact on human health. Conventions are defined for the inhalable, thoracic and respirable
aerosol fractions. These conventions represent target specifications for aerosol samplers, giving the ideal sampling
efficiency as a function of particle aerodynamic diameter.
In general, the sampling efficiency of real aerosol samplers will deviate from the target specification, and the
aerosol mass collected will therefore differ from that which an ideal sampler would collect. In addition, the
behaviour of real samplers is influenced by many factors such as external wind speed, that depend on the
environment in which the sampler is used.
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies methods for testing aerosol sampling instruments under prescribed laboratory
conditions, and performance requirements that are specific to aerosol sampling instruments. These performance
requirements, which include conformity with the EN 481 sampling conventions, apply only to the process of
sampling the airborne particles from the air, not to the process of analysing particles collected by the process of
sampling. Although analysis of samples collected in the course of testing is usually necessary in order to evaluate
the sampler performance, the specified test methods ensure that analytical errors are kept very low during testing
and do not contribute significantly to the end result. The determination of analytical errors and factors related to
them (for example the bias, precision and limit of detection of the analytical method) is outside the scope of this
standard. Where the aerosol sampling instrument requires the use of an external (rather than integral) pump, the
pump is not subject to the requirements of this standard.
EN 482 contains general performance requirements for methods used for determining the concentrations of
chemical agents in workplace atmospheres. These performance requirements include maximum values of overall
uncertainty (a combination of precision and bias) achievable under prescribed laboratory conditions for the
methods to be used. The requirements of EN 482 apply to the combined results of sampling airborne particles and
analysing collected particles. This standard specifies how the performance of aerosol measurement methods is
assessed with respect to the general requirements of EN 482, through the combination of sampling and analytical
errors.
This standard applies to all instruments used for the health-related sampling of particles in workplace air, whatever
their mode of operation. Different test procedures and types of evaluation are included to enable application of this
standard to a wide variety of instruments. The standard should enable manufacturers and users of aerosol
sampling instruments to adopt a consistent approach to sampler validation, and provide a framework for the
assessment of sampler performance with respect to EN 481 and EN 482. It is the responsibility of the manufacturer
1)
of aerosol samplers to inform the user of the sampler performance under the laboratory conditions specified in this
European Standard. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that the sampler complies with the overall
uncertainty requirements of EN 482 under the actual conditions of use.
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These
normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed here. For dated
references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard
only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated reference the latest edition of the publication
referred to applies (including amendments).
EN 481, Workplace atmospheres — Size fraction definitions for measurement of airborne particles.
EN 482, Workplace atmospheres — General requirements for the performance of procedures for the measurement
of chemical agents.
EN 1232, Workplace atmospheres -— Requirements and test methods for pumps used for personal sampling of
chemical agents in the workplace.
EN 1540, Workplace atmospheres — Terminology.
EN 12919, Workplace atmospheres – Pumps for the sampling of chemical agents with a volume flow rate of over 5
l/min – Requirements and test methods.

1)
-1
The inhalable convention is undefined for particle sizes in excess of 100 μm or for windspeeds greater than 4 m
s . The tests required to
assess performance are therefore limited to these conditions. Should such large particle sizes or wind speeds actually exist at the time of
sampling, it is possible that different samplers meeting this standard may give different results.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this European Standard the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
accuracy
accuracy is the upper confidence limit of the bias or relative error in sampling the aerosol, which provides an
estimate of the range around the ideal or true concentration in which 95 % of the sampled concentrations can be
expected to lie
NOTE 1 Details of calculation methods for accuracy suited to different test methods are given in annexes A and B.
NOTE 2 Accuracy is generally defined as ‘The closeness of agreement between a test result and the accepted reference value’
(see ISO 3534-1).
3.2
ambient aerosol concentration
concentration of aerosol particles present in the air before the particles are affected by the presence of the sampler,
or in the case of a personal sampler by the presence of the person wearing the sampler
3.3
bias
in accordance with EN 482
3.4
candidate instrument (for use in comparisons)
any kind of instrument, including a sampling instrument, that can be used to measure the concentration of aerosol
particles and whose performance is to be determined
3.5
correction function
mathematical function relating aerosol concentrations measured using a candidate instrument to those measured
using a reference sampler, determined by a comparison of the two instruments
3.6
personal sampler
in accordance with EN 1540
3.7
precision
in accordance with EN 482
3.8
reference sampler (for use in comparisons)
sampler that has previously been tested using the methods described in annex A of this standard, and whose
accuracy is estimated to be less than or equal to 30 % under the environmental conditions of the comparison
3.9
sampler inlet efficiency; entry efficiency
for each particle aerodynamic diameter, the ratio of aerosol concentration passing through the sampler inlet
system, to the corresponding ambient aerosol concentration
NOTE The inlet efficiency is the product of the aspiration efficiency, which characterises the aerodynamic behaviour of the
sampler orifice, and the size-dependent effects of particle bounce and losses both inside and outside the inlet. The inlet losses
can, for some samplers, also depend on external factors such as wind speed and aerosol size distribution.
3.10
sampler, sampling instrument; (generic term)
apparatus for separating aerosol particles from their carrier gas (normally air)
3.11
sampler specimen (specific term)
single individual of a given type of sampling instrument
3.12
sampling efficiency
for each particle aerodynamic diameter, the ratio of aerosol concentration collected for measurement by the
sampling process, to the corresponding ambient aerosol concentration
3.13
sampling process
physical mechanisms by which particles are selectively aspirated into a sampler inlet, graded by means of inertial
or other forces, transported to the collection substrate or to other internal surfaces, or lost from the collection
substrate
3.14
separation efficiency
for each particle aerodynamic diameter, the ratio of the sampling efficiency to the inlet efficiency
3.15
static sampler
in accordance with EN 1540
4 Requirements
4.1 Summary of requirements
Table 1 —Summary of aerosol sampler performance requirements
Attribute Requirement Test method Notes
Accuracy See 4.2 Annex A
Annex B
Specimen variability Variations in sampled mass <5 %, for Annex A )
a group of 6 identically exposed
specimens
Air flow stability (for Relevant clauses of EN 1232 and Relevant clauses of )
EN 1232 and EN 12919
samplers with integral EN 12919
pumps) (modified if necessary)
Transportation and For 10 test substrates, No weight Annex D
handling change > 5 %
Visual check
Sample identification Suitable area for sample
identification provided
Instructions for use Contents as in clause 7 Visual check
Design safety Relevant clauses of EN 1232 and Relevant clauses of
EN 12919 EN 1232 and EN 12919
Electrical safety Relevant clauses of EN 1232 and Relevant clauses of
EN 12919 EN 1232 and EN 12919
Temperature stability Response does not deviate from the Annex B )
mean by more than 5 %
Time stability Response does not deviate from the Annex B )
mean by more than 5 %
) Tests are unnecessary where manufacturers can demonstrate that dimensional tolerances are sufficiently stringent to
reduce specimen variability below measurable levels.
) If necessary, any more stringent requirements for air flow stability shall be specified in the manufacturers information for
use for the instrument.
) These requirements only apply to direct-reading instruments.
4.2 Accuracy
The candidate sampler is in conformity with the relevant EN 481 convention when the accuracy is less than or
equal to 30 %:
a) for type 1 test (see annex A): for at least 85 % of the relevant particle size distributions (see Table A.2) and for
all compulsory tests according to Table A.1 or resulting from the critical review;
b) for type 2 test (see annex B): for all the particle size distributions tested, and for all compulsory tests according
to Table B.1 or resulting from the critical review.
This requirement shall be fulfilled for any wind speed in the intended range for practical use. The maximum tested
wind speed in which the sampler meets the accuracy requirement determines the upper limit for practical use.
NOTE Even where the sampler is not generally in conformity with the EN 481 convention, it can be used for the health-related
sampling of airborne particles provided it meets the overall uncertainty requirements of EN 482, for the specific conditions (e.g.
particle size distributions, measurement tasks, analytical errors) in which the measuring procedure will be applied.
5 Test methods
5.1 Choice of laboratory tests to be used
The critical review forms the first stage of the sampler performance evaluation and determines the design of the
laboratory tests (see annexes A and B). Its purpose is to identify which environmental and other variables are likely
to affect the sampling efficiency. The critical review shall explain the evidence for the inclusion or exclusion of
variables from the tests, making reference where possible to published results. The review shall consider the
environments in which the sampler will be used and decide the wind conditions, aerosols and other parameters to
be used in the tests. The critical review shall be documented in the test report, drawing attention to any limitations
in the scope of the performance evaluation arising from the decisions made.
Table 2 — Principal factors influencing the performance of aerosol samplers
Factor Nature of effect Sampler types affected
Particle size Size-dependent selection of particles All sampler types
Wind speed Wind speed at inlet affects aspiration, Any sampler not having an
especially for high winds, large particles isokinetic inlet
Any sampler not having an
Wind direction Wind orientation at inlet affects aspiration
omnidirectional inlet
Aerosol composition Particle bounce and re-entrainment; E.g. Cyclones, impactors
breakdown of agglomerates
Sampled aerosol mass Collection efficiency changes as surfaces E.g. impactors, porous foam
are heavily loaded filters
Aerosol charge Attraction to and repulsion from surfaces All samplers, particularly
non-conducting samplers
Specimen variability Small dimensional differences cause large E.g. Cyclones, impactors
aerodynamic effects
Flow rate variations Particle separation mechanism strongly flow- E.g. Cyclones, elutriators,
dependent impactors
Surface treatments Collection efficiency depends on e.g. E.g. Impactors, impingers
greases used to coat collection surfaces
Table 2 gives an informative checklist of the principal variables known to influence aerosol sampling instruments,
and examples of the instruments for which they can cause measurable effects. The critical review shall consider
these variables, and also the potential effects of temperature, pressure, humidity, vibration, movement, orientation,
sample transportation and electromagnetic susceptibility. The following common problems with sampling
instruments should also be addressed:
– whether the sampling process can lead to the breakdown of agglomerates, i.e. alter the size distribution of the
aspirated aerosol;
– whether the sampler inlet can collect particles flying towards it or sedimenting into it, as well as those entering
under the influence of air suction alone;
– whether there can be interaction between sampler flow rate and external wind speed, if the pressure drop
across the sampler is small;
– whether the samplers may behave differently with liquid or solid particles, or particles having different bounce
characteristics.
5.2 Overview of test methods
Annex A specifies a laboratory test method for determining how closely an aerosol sampling instrument matches
the target sampling convention. Annex A describes how the data obtained from the test shall be treated in order to
calculate the performance characteristics of the sampler. The test method in annex A is suited to samplers
intended to follow the conventions laid down in EN 481, and which physically separate particles from their carrier
2)
gas by aerodynamic processes .
Annex B describes procedures for comparing the results of a candidate instrument with a reference sampler, in a
laboratory test. These comparison tests are suited to samplers that physically separate particles from their carrier
gas by aerodynamic processes, or additionally to any other kind of instrument intended for measuring the
concentration of aerosol particles in a gas. In the laboratory comparison test, the sampling characteristics of the
candidate instrument are indirectly compared with the EN 481 sampling conventions.
Annex C (informative) suggests a procedure for establishing the equivalence of two aerosol concentration
measurement methods by means of a field comparison. The outcome of a field comparison is dependent both on
the circumstances existing in the workplace, and on the performances of the instruments included. The purpose of
the procedure is to allow the use of non-standard aerosol measuring instruments where equivalence with reference
samplers has been established by means of a standardised test.
Annex D describes a test procedure to assess the usability of aerosol samplers and potential errors introduced
during handling and transport of samples.
During subsequent use of the tested aerosol sampler, the consideration of analytical errors is very important for the
user of the sampler. This is because the general performance requirements of EN 482 apply to all parts of a
measurement process, including both sampling and analysis of the sample. Annex E describes how the overall
uncertainty of an aerosol measuring process is calculated for assessment according to the requirements of EN 482,
by the combination of analytical and sampling errors.
6 Types of evaluation
There are two different types of evaluation. These types are defined as follows:
– Type 1: clause 5 + annex A + annex D.
– Type 2: clause 5 + annex B + annex D.
These types are ranked in order of the quality of information available to the user of the sampling instrument
following testing. The type 1 test gives the user more information from which to assess the likely performance of the

2)
An example of a device for measuring aerosol concentrations, which does not physically separate the particles from air using aerodynamic
processes, is an instrument that selectively senses particles by means of light scattering.
sampler in particular conditions of use. The type 1 test also allows the user to estimate the overall uncertainty of a
certain measuring procedure (see annex E) whereas the type 2 test does not.
7 Instructions for use
The instructions for use shall be unambiguous, comprehensive and may include useful illustrations. The information
for use shall contain at least the following information:
– what EN 481 sampling convention (if any) the instrument is intended to follow;
– limitations on the use of the instrument;
– the aerosol size distributions, wind speeds and other operating conditions for which the sampler meets the
accuracy requirements in 4.2;
– the design flow rate;
– how to set up the instrument and adjust its operating parameters (e.g. volumetric flow rate);
– requirements for an external pump where used; volumetric flow rate, pressure drop, pulsation. Examples of
recommended pumps should be given;
– recommended batteries and battery charger where used;
– duration of operating time for fully charged batteries, under typical operating conditions;
– temperature range for storage and operation of the instrument;
– details of particle collection substrates to be used (e.g. filter diameter, material, pore size);
– general guide to typical applications and methods of sample analysis;
– minimum service requirements;
– maintenance, cleaning and calibration of the instrument;
– warnings of known problems that may be encountered during use, for example concerning orientation,
mechanical shocks;
– prohibitions on use in certain conditions, e.g. explosive atmospheres, if applicable.
8 Marking, quality control
8.1 Marking
Instruments for the measurement of airborne particles shall be permanently marked. The marking shall enable the
identification of the following:
– manufacturer;
– identification of the instrument.
For instruments evaluated using type 1 or type 2 tests and meeting the requirements of this standard, the number
of this European Standard and the type of evaluation.
8.2 Quality control
Manufacturers shall follow a recognised quality programme.
Annex A
(normative)
Laboratory testing of samplers with respect to sampling conventions
A.1 Principle
The purpose of the laboratory experiments is to determine the sampling efficiency as a function of particle
aerodynamic diameter over the relevant size range, and also as a function of any other relevant variables. The
sampling efficiency values are compared to the target sampling convention. Mathematical modelling is used to
estimate the concentrations that would be sampled from a range of ideal log-normally distributed aerosols, using
both the measured sampler efficiency and the target sampling convention. From these data, the sampler bias and
precision are estimated.
A.2 Test method
A.2.1 General
The sampling efficiency values are calculated by dividing the aerosol concentrations measured using the sampler
under test, by measured values of the ambient aerosol concentration. An experimental design shall be devised that
gives due attention to randomisation and to estimation of the main effects. The design, and its associated statistical
model, shall be explained in the test report. An example of a suitable design is given in annex F.
A.2.1 Test conditions
Experiments to test samplers for the inhalable fraction shall be carried out in a wind tunnel or in an aerosol
chamber. Personal inhalable samplers for the inhalable particle fraction, intended for use outdoors or in
-1
environments with strong forced ventilation (i.e. wind speeds in excess of 1 ms ), shall be tested while mounted on
3)
a life-size manikin, or under circumstances shown to give equivalent results . The manikin set-up shall reproduce
the effects of the presence of a life-size, human-shaped head and torso, wearing a clean cotton boiler suit or similar
4)
clothing . The size and nature of the manikin used shall be described in the test report. If a sampler is tested as a
personal sampler, the results do not apply to its use as a static sampler (and vice versa). Where for technical
-1
reasons it is not possible to use a manikin, the wind speeds in the wind tunnel shall not exceed 2 ms (e. g.
0,5
-1 -1 -1
ms , 1 ms and 2 ms ) and the test limitations shall be described in the test report.
The sampling efficiencies of samplers for the thoracic or the respirable fractions are combinations of the samplers’
inlet efficiencies and of the internal separation efficiencies. They may be tested as a whole as described above,
except that the particle size range for testing is restricted to that specified for the fraction of interest in Table A.1.
Alternatively the sampling efficiencies in these cases may be measured by combining the results from two separate
experiments, one to test the sampler’s inlet efficiency, and one to determine its internal separation efficiency. For
tests of the inlet efficiency the same considerations apply as for inhalable samplers, except that the particle size
range for testing is restricted to that specified for the fraction of interest in Table A.1. Tests of the separation
efficiency may be carried out in a low-wind aerosol chamber using isolated samplers.
A.2.2 Test variables
A.2.2.1 General
The laboratory tests of sampling efficiency shall be designed to quantify the effects of those influencing variables
which the critical review indicates are important for the sampler under test. Table A.1 lists the most important

3)
Research is needed to identify how this may be done, other than by using a manikin.
4)
For examples of performance evaluations of personal inhalable samplers, see the papers by Hinds and Kuo (1995), Kenny et al. (1997), Mark
and Vincent (1986) and the book by Vincent (1989) referenced in the Bibliography.
influencing variables and identifies those for which testing is compulsory (C), compulsory for some sampler types or
uses only (C*), or optional (O). Excluded variables shall be clearly identified in the section of the test report that
describes the scope of the test.
Table A.1 also summarises the ranges of values for which the selected variables should be tested, and the number
of values within these ranges. In general, the values chosen need not include the extremes of the range, although
specific requirements are stated in some cases. Wher
...