EN ISO 877-1:2010

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2012
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN ISO 877:2000
Polimerni materiali - Metode izpostavitve vremenskim vplivom - 1. del: Splošna
navodila (ISO 877-1:2009)
Plastics - Methods of exposure to solar radiation - Part 1: General guidance (ISO 877-
1:2009)
Kunststoffe - Freibewitterung - Teil 1: Allgemeine Anleitung (ISO 877-1:2009)
Plastiques - Méthodes d'exposition au rayonnement solaire - Partie 1: Lignes directrices
générales (ISO 877-1:2009)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 877-1:2010
ICS:
83.080.01 Polimerni materiali na Plastics in general
splošno
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 877-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
December 2010
ICS 83.080.01 Supersedes EN ISO 877:1996
English Version
Plastics - Methods of exposure to solar radiation - Part 1:
General guidance (ISO 877-1:2009)
Plastiques - Méthodes d'exposition au rayonnement solaire Kunststoffe - Freibewitterung - Teil 1: Allgemeine Anleitung
- Partie 1: Lignes directrices générales (ISO 877-1:2009) (ISO 877-1:2009)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 4 December 2010.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 877-1:2010: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword .3

Foreword
The text of ISO 877-1:2009 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61 “Plastics” of the
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 877-1:2010 by
Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 “Plastics” the secretariat of which is held by NBN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by June 2011.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 877:1996.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 877-1:2009 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 877-1:2010 without any modification.

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 877-1
First edition
2009-06-01
Plastics — Methods of exposure to solar
radiation —
Part 1:
General guidance
Plastiques — Méthodes d'exposition au rayonnement solaire —
Partie 1: Lignes directrices générales

Reference number
ISO 877-1:2009(E)
©
ISO 2009
ISO 877-1:2009(E)
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.

©  ISO 2009
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved

ISO 877-1:2009(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 2
4 Principle. 2
5 Apparatus . 3
6 Test specimens . 4
7 Conditions of exposure of the test specimens. 6
8 Exposure stages . 7
9 Procedure . 8
10 Expression of results . 9
11 Test report . 10
Annex A (informative) Classification of climates. 11
Bibliography . 13

ISO 877-1:2009(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 877-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 6, Ageing, chemical
and environmental resistance.
Together with the other parts (see below), it cancels and replaces ISO 877:1994, which has been technically
revised.
ISO 877 consists of the following parts, under the general title Plastics — Methods of exposure to solar
radiation:
⎯ Part 1: General guidance
⎯ Part 2: Direct weathering and exposure behind window glass
⎯ Part 3: Intensified weathering using concentrated solar radiation
iv © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved

ISO 877-1:2009(E)
Introduction
Outdoor-exposure tests of the type specified in the three parts of this International Standard are needed to
evaluate the performance of plastics when exposed to solar radiation. The results of such tests should be
regarded only as an indication of the effect of exposure to direct weathering (ISO 877-2:2009, method A) or to
indirect weathering using glass-filtered solar radiation (ISO 877-2:2009, method B) or to intensified solar
radiation (ISO 877-3) by the methods described. Results from tests conducted in accordance with any of the
parts of this International Standard will show some variability when comparing results from repeat exposures
conducted at the same location at a different time. This is much more important for materials that show
significant change after a year or less of exposure. In general, results from repeat exposures at the same
location are necessary to determine the range of performance of a material subjected to exposure to solar
radiation as specified in this International Standard. Since the type of climate can have a significant effect on
the rate and type of degradation, results from exposures conducted in different types of climate are necessary
to fully characterize the outdoor durability of a material. For solar-concentrating exposures conducted in
accordance with ISO 877-3, exposure duration is defined in terms of the total solar UV radiant exposure
because of the annual and seasonal variations in solar ultraviolet radiation.
Fresnel-reflecting concentrators of the type described in ISO 877-3, which employ solar radiation as the
source of ultraviolet radiation, are utilized to provide accelerated outdoor-exposure testing of many plastics
materials.
A system of classifying and characterizing climates in different parts of the world is given in Annex A.
The test method chosen is usually that designed to expose the material to the most severe conditions
associated with any particular climate. It should, therefore, be borne in mind that the severity of exposure in
actual use is, in most cases, likely to be less than that specified in this International Standard, and allowance
should be made accordingly when interpreting the results. For example, vertical exposure at 90° from the
horizontal is considerably less severe in its effects on plastics than near-horizontal exposure, particularly in
tropical regions, where the sun is most powerful at high zenith angles.
Polar-facing surfaces are much less likely to be degraded than equator-facing surfaces because they are less
exposed to solar radiation. However, the fact that they may remain wet for longer periods may be of
significance for materials affected by moisture or for materials that are susceptible to microbial growth.

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 877-1:2009(E)

Plastics — Methods of exposure to solar radiation —
Part 1:
General guidance
1 Scope
This part of ISO 877 provides information and general guidance on the selection and use of the methods of
exposure to solar radiation described in detail in subsequent parts of ISO 877. These methods of exposure to
solar radiation are applicable to plastics materials of all kinds as well as to products and portions of products.
It also specifies methods for determining radiant exposure.
It does not include direct weathering using black-box test fixtures, which simulate higher end-use
temperatures in some applications.
[1] [2]
NOTE ASTM G 7 and ASTM D 4141 describe black-box exposure tests.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 291, Plastics — Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
ISO 472, Plastics — Vocabulary
ISO 877-2:2009, Plastics — Methods of exposure to solar radiation — Part 2: Direct weathering and exposure
behind window glass
ISO 877-3, Plastics — Methods of exposure to solar radiation — Part 3: Intensified weathering using
concentrated solar radiation
ISO 2818, Plastics — Preparation of test specimens by machining
ISO 4582, Plastics — Determination of changes in colour and variations in properties after exposure to
daylight under glass, natural weathering or laboratory light sources
ISO 4892-1, Plastics — Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources — Part 1: General guidance
1)
ISO 9370:— , Plastics — Instrumental determination of radiant exposure in weathering tests — General
guidance and basic test method

1) To be published. (Revision of ISO 9370:1997)
ISO 877-1:2009(E)
ASTM G 179, Standard Specification for Metal Black Panel and White Panel Temperature Devices for Natural
Weathering Tests
ASTM G 183, Standard Practice for Field Use of Pyranometers, Pyrheliometers and UV Radiometers
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 472 and ISO 9370 apply.
[3]
NOTE ASTM G 113 defines terms used for artificially accelerated and natural weathering exposures. Submission
of these definitions has been proposed for inclusion in ISO 472 and/or ISO 9370, or ISO 877, as appropriate.
4 Principle
Specimens or, if required, sheets or other shapes from which specimens can be cut, are exposed to natural
solar radiation (ISO 877-2:2009, method A), or to window-glass-filtered solar radiation (ISO 877-2:2009,
method B) or to intensified solar radiation using a Fresnel-reflecting concentrator (ISO 877-3). After the
prescribed exposure period, the specimens are removed from exposure and, if a characterization is required,
tested for changes in optical, mechanical or other properties of interest. The exposure stage may be a given
period of time or may be expressed in terms of a given total radiant exposure or UV radiant exposure. The
latter is preferred whenever the main objective of the exposure is to determine resistance to solar radiation,
since it minimizes the effect of variations in spectral irradiance with climate, location and time.
Instrumental means of measuring irradiance, and means for integration to give the radiant exposure over a
period of time, are preferred.
NOTE 1 Physical standards that change in colour, or another property, upon exposure to solar radiation have been
used to determine radiant exposures. Determinations of radiant exposure using these procedures are less reliable
indicators than determination of radiant exposure by actual measurement of solar radiation.
When comparing the results of exposure using ISO 877-2:2009, method A or B, with ISO 877-3, differences in
specimen temperatures, ultraviolet radiant exposure levels and moisture deposition should be taken into
account. Additionally, when comparing ISO 877-2:2009, method B, to ISO 877-3, the glass or other
transparent material used as the filter must be identical. Comparison of results from ISO 877-3 to those from
ISO 877-2:2009, method A or B, must be based on equal radiant exposure levels
The climatic conditions during the test may be monitored and reported with the other conditions of exposure.
It is recommended that a similar material of known behaviour be exposed simultaneously with the
experimental material as a control.
Unless otherwise specified, test pieces for the determination of change in colour and change in mechanical
properties are exposed in an unstrained state.
ISO 877-2:2009, method B, excludes the effects of wind and rain. The devices used for ISO 877-3 are
typically equipped to provide moisture in the form of water spray.
Exposures in hot and wet and in hot and dry climates are often used to benchmark the outdoor durability of
materials such as plastics. Information on climate classification can be found in Annex A.
NOTE 2 More detailed information about the effects of different climates and different exposure parameters on the
[4]
variability of results from outdoor exposures can be found in ASTM G 141 .
2 © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved

ISO 877-1:2009(E)
5 Apparatus
5.1 General requirements
Exposure equipment consisting essentially of an appropriate test rack shall be used. The rack, specimen
holders and other fixtures shall be made from inert materials that will not affect the test results. Noncorrosive
aluminium alloy, stainless steel and ceramics have been found to be suitable. Untreated wood may be used,
but may be subject to rot at locations high in moisture. Wood treated with preservatives, copper or its alloys,
zinc or its alloys, iron or non-galvanized steel shall not be used. Materials with different thermal properties
may affect the surface temperature and therefore the test results. Copper or its alloys, zinc or its alloys, iron or
steels other than stainless steels, galvanized or plated metals or timbers other than those above should
preferably not be used in the vicinity of the test specimens.
If backing is necessary to support the test specimens or to simulate special end-use conditions, such backing
shall be of inert material. Test specimens that require support to prevent sagging of the specimen but do not
require backing to elevate the temperature, or require no “solid” backing, should preferably be supported with
fine-strand wire netting or slit-expanded aluminium or stainless-steel backing. Use 16-gauge to 18-gauge
metal with approximately 12 mm to 13 mm openings. It is recommended that the surface area of the wire
netting be 60 % to 70 % open.
For tests on finished products, it is recommended that, wherever possible, the fixtures closely simulate those
used in practice.
ISO 877-2 gives specific requirements for rack design for outdoor exposures, and ISO 877-3 gives specific
requirements for the solar concentrator.
5.2 Apparatus for measurement of climatic factors
5.2.1 Apparatus for measurement of radiant exposure
5.2.1.1 General
All radiometers used to measure radiant exposure shall meet the requirements of ISO 9370 and shall be
calibrated at least annually, the calibration being traceable to national/international radiometric references.
Listed below are examples of instruments used to measure radiant exposure.
5.2.1.2 Pyranometers
A pyranometer is a radiometer used to measure global solar radiation if mounted horizontally, or
hemispherical radiation if mounted at an angle. Pyranometers shall meet or exceed the requirements for a
second-class pyranometer as specified in ISO 9370. In addition, pyranometers shall be calibrated at least
annually, more frequently if specified, using the calibration requirements given in ISO 9370.
5.2.1.3 Pyrheliometers
A pyrheliometer is a radiometer used to measure the direct component of solar irradiance on a surface normal
to the sun’s rays. Pyrheliometers shall meet or exceed the requirements for a first-class pyrheliometer as
specified in ISO 9370. In addition, pyrheliometers shall be calibrated at least annually, using the calibration
requirements given in ISO 9370.
5.2.1.4 Total-ultraviolet radiometers
When used to define exposure stages, total-ultraviolet radiometers shall have a passband that maximizes the
acceptance of radiation within the 290 nm to 400 nm wavelength region, and they shall be cosine-corrected to
include ultraviolet sky radiation. Total-ultraviolet radiometers shall be calibrated at least annually, more
frequently if specified, and their calibration shall be traceable to national/international radiometric references.
ISO 877-1:2009(E)
NOTE Traditionally, UV radiometers measuring from 295 nm to 385 nm have been used. Use of radiometers with
different wavelength measurement range (for example, those that respond to 400 nm) can result in recorded UV radiant
exposures that are up to 25 % to 30 % higher than the UV radiant exposure determined with radiometers that only
measure up to 385 nm. See Annex A of ISO 9370:— for more information about the differences in measured total solar
UV radiation between total ultraviolet radiometers that have differences in long wavelength UV response.
5.2.1.5 Narrow-band ultraviolet radiometers (NBUVRs)
When used to define exposure stages, NBUVRs shall be cosine-corrected if used in conjunction with either
natural fixed angles or glass-filtered exposures. The acceptance angle of NBUVRs shall exceed the mirror
system’s effective field of view if used in conjunction with devices used for intensified solar radiation
exposures in accordance with ISO 877-3. In either case, they shall be calibrated at least every six months,
more often if required to ensure stability of their instrument constants.
5.2.2 Other climate-measuring instruments
Instrumentation used for the measurement of air temperature, specimen temperature, relative humidity,
rainfall, wet time, sunshine hours, black- or white-standard temperature, and black- or white-panel
temperature shall be appropriate to the exposure method used and shall be agreed upon between the
interested parties. Unless otherwise specified, if measurement of black- or white-panel temperature is required,
the panels shall be constructed, calibrated and maintained in accordance with ASTM G 179. Unless otherwise
specified, if measurement of black- or white-standard temperature is required, the panels shall be constructed
and maintained in accordance with ISO 4892-1.
NOTE 1 Time-of-wetness measurements are typically made using methods that employ galvanic cells or other
[5]
electrical means. ASTM G 84 describes a procedure for measuring time of wetness with a small galvanic-cell device.
Use of this sensor for measurement of time of wetness has been discontinued by several major supplier
...