EN ISO 877:1996

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2000
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Plastics - Methods of exposure to direct weathering, to weathering using glass-filtered
daylight, and to intensified weathering by daylight using Fresnel mirrors (ISO 877:1994)
Kunststoffe - Verfahren zur natürlichen Bewitterung, zur Bestrahlung hinter Fensterglas
und zur beschleunigten Bewitterung durch Sonnenstrahlung mit Hilfe von
Fresnelspiegeln (ISO 877:1994)
Plastiques - Méthodes d'exposition directe aux intempéries, ou d'exposition indirecte
sous verre, et a la lumiere du jour intensifiée par des miroirs de Fresnel (ISO 877:1994)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 877:1996
ICS:
83.080.01 Polimerni materiali na Plastics in general
splošno
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

INTERNATIONAL
ISO
STANDARD 877
Second edition
1994-08-15
Plastics - Methods of exposure to direct
weathering, to weathering using
glass-filtered daylight, and to intensified
weathering by daylight using Fresnel
mirrors
Plas tiques - Mbhodes d ’exposition directe aux intemperies, ou
d ’exposition indirecte sous verre, et 8 Ia lumikre du jour in tensifibe par des
miroirs de Fresnel
Reference number
ISO 877:1994(E)
ISO 877:1994(E)
Contents
Page
1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 Normative references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 Definitions .,.,. 2
4 Principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
5 Apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
6 Test specimen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .~. 9
7 Test conditions
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
8 Exposure stages
9 Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..,.,................................................,.,.,... 13
10 Expression of results
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
11 Test report
Annexes
A Use of dyed blue wo01 references to measure light dosage 16
B Classification of climates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Bibliography pertaining to Method C (accelerated weathering using
C
Fresnel mirrors) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
0 ISO 1994
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced
or utilized in any form or by any means, electronie or mechanical, including photocopying and
microfilm, without Permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case Postale 56 l CH-l 211 Geneve 20 l Switzerland
Printed in Switzerland
ii
0 ISO
ISO 877:1994(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national Standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work
of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Esch member body interested in a subject for
which a technical committee has been established has the right to be
represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission
(IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are
circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting
a vote.
International Standard ISO 877 was prepared by Technical Committee
ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 6, Ageing, chemica/ and environ-
mental resis tance.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 877:1976),
which has been technically revised.
Annex A forms an integral part of this International Standard. Annexes B
and C are for information only.
. . .
Ill
ISO 877:1994(E) 0 ISO
Introduction
Outdoor-exposure tests of the type specified in this International Standard
are needed to evaluate the Performance of plastics when exposed to
daylight. The results of such tests should be regarded only as an indication
of the effect of exposure to direct weathering (Method A), or to indirect
weathering using glass-filtered daylight (Method B) or to intensified day-
light (Method C) by the methods described. Results obtained after ex-
posure for a given time may not be comparable to those obtained after
other exposures of equal time using the Same method. When identical
materials are exposed at different times for extended periods of several
years, they generally show comparable behaviour after equal-exposure in-
tervals. However, even in long-term tests, the results may be affected by
the season in which the tests are started. This is particularly true when
exposure tests are performed in accordance with Method C, using the
Fresnel-reflecting concentrators described in this International Standard.
Fresnel-reflecting concentrators of the type described in Method C, which
employ solar radiation as the Source of ultraviolet light, are utilized to pro-
vide accelerated outdoor-exposure testing of many plastics materials.
However, some plastics materials, especially those that may tend to be
comparatively moisture-sensitive, may not exhibit losses in certain
properties at the same rate as in outdoor, natura1 exposures.
The results of short-term outdoor-exposure tests tan give an indication of
the relative outdoor Performance, but should not be used to predict the
absolute long-term Performance of a material. Even results of tests carried
out for longer than 24 months tan show an effect of the season in which
the exposure was started. Comparisons of non-full-year exposure will ex-
hibit seasonal effects.
A System of classifying and characterizing climates in different Parts of the
world is given in annex B.
lt is noted that the test method Chosen is usually designed to expose the
material to the most severe conditions associated with any particular cli-
mate. lt should, therefore, be borne in mind that the severity of exposure
in actual use is, in most cases, likely to be less than that specified in this
International Standard, and allowance should be made accordingly when
interpreting the results. For example, vertical exposure at 90” from the
horizontal is considerably less severe in its effects on plastics than near-
horizontal exposure, particularly in tropical regions, where the sun is most
powerful at high zenith angles.
Polar-facing surfaces are much less likely to be degraded than equator-
facing surfaces because they are less exposed to solar radiation. However,
the fact that they may remain wet for longer periods may be of signifi-
cance for materials affected by moisture.

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 0 ISO ISO 877:1994(E)
Methods of exposure to direct weathering,
Plastics -
to weathering using glass-filtered daylight, and to
intensified weathering by daylight using Fresnel
mirrors
Method C exposures to Method B exposures, the
1 Scope
glass or other transparent materials used as filters
should be identical. Exposure results being compared
This International Standard specifies methods of ex-
should be for ultraviolet radiant exposure levels that
posing plastics to solar radiation, either by direct ex-
agree closely with each other.
posure to natura1 weathering (Method A), to indirect
solar radiation by modification of its spectral distribu-
This International Standard also specifies methods for
tion with glass to simulate ageing of plastics behind
determining radiation dosage. The methods are appli-
building or automotive window glass (Method B), or
cable to plastics materials of all kinds and to products
to solar radiation intensified by the use of Fresnel
and portions of products.
mirrors to achieve acceleration of the weathering
processes (Method C). The purpose is to assess
NOTE 1 For the determination of changes in properties
changes produced after specified stages of such ex-
after exposure, see ISO 4582.
posures.
This International Standard specifies the general re-
quirements for the apparatus and operating pro- 2 Normative references
cedures for using the test methods described.
Although this International Standard does not include The following Standards contain provisions which,
through reference in this text, constitute provisions
direct weathering using black-box test fixtures, atten-
of this International Standard. At the time of publica-
tion is drawn to this method of exposure testing of
tion, the editions indicated were valid. All Standards
materials under conditions simulating their end-use
are subject to revision, and Parties to agreements
temperatures?
based on this International Standard are encouraged
Methods B and C exclude the effects of weathering
to investigate the possibility of applying the most re-
influences such as wind and rain, although the
cent editions of the Standards indicated below.
Method C apparatus used to produce intensified solar
Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of cur-
radiation is equipped to provide moisture in the form
rently valid International Standards.
of water Spray.
ISO 105-AOl :-*), Textiles - Tests for colour fastness
When comparing the results of exposure using
- Part AO?: General principles of testing.
Method C with results using Methods A and B, dif-
ferences in specimen temperatures, ultraviolet radiant ISO 105-AO29 993, Textiles - Tests for colour fast-
ness -
exposure levels and moisture deposition should be Part AO2 Grey scale for assessing Change in
taken into account. Additionally, when comparing colour.
1) ASTM G 7-89, Standard practice for atmospheric environmental exposure testing of nonmetallic materials and ASTM
D 4141-82 (reapproved 1987), Standard practice for conducting accelerated outdoof exposure tests of coatings.
2) To be published. (Revision of ISO 105-AO1:1989)

ISO 877:1994(E) 0 ISO
ISO 105-BOI :1989, Textiles - Tests for colour fast- 3.4 natura1 weathering: Long-term exposure of
ness - Part BOI: Colour fastness to light: Daylight. materials to the elements, usually conducted on
fixed-angle or seasonally adjusted racks (see ASTM
ISO 291: 1977, Plastics - Standard atmospheres for
G 7-89 ”).
conditioning and tes ting.
These exposures are used to assess the effects of
environmental factors on various functional and
ISO 293: 1986, Plastics - Compression moulding test
decorative Parameters of interest.
specimens of thermoplastic ma terials.
ISO 294: 1975, Plastics - Injection moulding test 3.5 pyrheliometer: Radiometer used to measure
specimens of thermoplastic ma terials. the direct (beam) solar irradiance incident on a surface
normal to the sun ’s rays.
ISO 2557-1: 1989, Plastics - Amorphous thermoplas-
tics - Preparation of test specimens with a specified 3.6 pyranometer: Radiometer used to measure the
maximum reversion - Part 1: Bars. total solar radiant energy incident upon a surface per
unit time per unit area.
ISO 2818:1994, Plastics - Prepara tion 0 f test speci-
The energy measured includes direct and diffuse
mens by machining.
radiant energy as weil as radiant energy reflected
ISO 3167:1993, Plastics - Multipurpose test speci- from the background.
mens.
4 Principle
- Determination of changes
i SO 4582: 1980, Plas tics
in colour and variations in properties after exposure to
Spetimens or, if required, sheets or other shapes
daylight under glass, natura/ weathering or artificial
.
from which specimens tan be tut, are exposed to di-
Irgh t .
rect natura1 daylight, or to window glass-filtered day-
light, or to intensified sunlight using a Fresnel-mirror
ISO 4892:1981, Plastics - Methods of exposure to
concentrator, as specified. After the prescribed ex-
laboratory light sources.
posure interval, the specimen(s) are removed from
exposure and tested for changes in Optical, mech-
WMO, Guide to meteorological instruments and
anical or other properties of interest. The exposure
methods of Observation, WM0 No. 8, Fifth Edition,
Stage may be a given interval of time, or may be ex-
World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, 1983.
pressed in terms of a given total solar or solar-
ultraviolet-radiation dosage. The latter is preferred
whenever the main objective of the exposure is to
3 Definitions
determine resistance to light ageing, since it mini-
mizes the effect of variations in the quality and inten-
For the purposes o f this International Standard, the
sity of solar radiation with clima
...