EN ISO 13732-1:2006
(Main)Ergonomics of the thermal environment - Methods for the assessment of human responses to contact with surfaces - Part 1: Hot surfaces (ISO 13732-1:2006)
Ergonomics of the thermal environment - Methods for the assessment of human responses to contact with surfaces - Part 1: Hot surfaces (ISO 13732-1:2006)
This standard provides temperature threshold values for the occurrence of burns when the human skin is in contact with a hot solid surface.
This standard also describes methods for the assessment of the risks of burning, when humans can or may touch hot surfaces with the unprotected skin.
This standard also gives guidance when it is necessary to specify temperature limit values for hot surfaces. This standard gives guidance but does not set surface temperature limit values.
NOTE 1 Such temperature limit values may be specified in specific product standards or in regulations in order to prevent human beings to sustain burns when in contact with the hot surface of a product.
This standard applies to contact periods of 0,5 s and longer.
This standard is not applicable if a large area of the skin (approximately 10 % or more of the skin of the whole body) can be in contact with the hot surface. This standard is also not applicable to skin contact of more than 10 % of the head or contact which could result in burns of vital areas of the face.
NOTE 2 In some cases the results of contact with a hot surface may be more serious for the individual, e.g.:
· burns resulting in the restriction of airways;
· large burn (more than 10 % of the body surface) may impair the circulation by fluid loss;
· heating of a large proportion of the head or whole body may lead to unacceptable heat strain even in the absence of burning.
This standard applies to hot surfaces of all kind of objects: equipment, products, buildings, natural objects, etc. In order to simplify the standard only products are mentioned herein, but it applies to all other objects, too.
This standard applies to products used in any environment, e.g. workplaces, the home etc..
This standard applies to hot surfaces of products which may be touched by healthy adults, children, elderly people and also by people with physical disabilities.
Ergonomie der thermischen Umgebung - Bewertungsverfahren für menschliche Reaktionen bei Kontakt mit Oberflächen - Teil 1: Heiße Oberflächen (ISO 13732-1:2006)
Dieser Teil von ISO 13732 stellt Temperaturschwellenwerte für Verbrennungen zur Verfügung, die auftreten, wenn es zum Kontakt der menschlichen Haut mit einer heißen, festen Oberfläche kommt.
Sie beschreibt außerdem Verfahren zur Bewertung von Verbrennungsrisiken in Situationen, in denen Menschen heiße Oberflächen mit ihrer ungeschützten Haut berühren können oder dürfen.
Dieser Teil von ISO 13732 gibt auch Leitlinien für Fälle, in denen es erforderlich ist, Temperaturschwel¬lenwerte für heiße Oberflächen festzulegen. Sie legt jedoch keine Grenzwerte für Oberflächentemperaturen fest.
ANMERKUNG 1 Um zu verhindern, dass Menschen bei Berühren der heißen Oberfläche eines Produktes Verbrennungen davontragen, können derartige Temperaturgrenzwerte in besonderen Produktnormen oder in Vorschriften festgelegt werden.
Dieser Teil von ISO 13732 gilt für eine Kontaktdauer von 0,5 s und länger.
Sie ist anwendbar für Kontakte bei denen die Oberflächentemperatur während des Kontaktes in Wesentlichen unverändert bleibt (siehe 4.1).
Sie ist nicht anwendbar, wenn ein großer Bereich der Haut (etwa 10 % oder mehr der Körperoberfläche) mit einer heißen Oberfläche in Berührung kommen kann. Sie ist ebenfalls nicht anwendbar bei einem Hautkontakt von mehr als 10 % des Kopfes oder einem Kontakt, der Verbrennungen von lebenswichtigen Bereichen des Gesichtes zur Folge hat.
ANMERKUNG 2 In einigen Fällen kann der Kontakt mit einer heißen Oberfläche für eine Person noch schwerwie¬gender sein, z. B.:
Verbrennungen, die zu einer Verengung der Atemwege führen;
großflächige Verbrennungen (von mehr als 10 % der Körperoberfläche) können den Blutkreislauf durch Flüssigkeits¬verlust beeinträchtigen;
die Erhitzung eines großen Teils des Kopfes oder des gesamten Körpers kann selbst ohne das Auftreten einer Verbrennung zu einer nicht akzeptablen Hitzebeanspruchung führen.
Ergonomie des ambiances thermiques - Méthodes d'évaluation de la réponse humaine au contact avec des surfaces - Partie 1: Surfaces chaudes (ISO 13732-1:2006)
La présente norme indique des valeurs seuil de température auxquelles des brûlures interviennent lorsque la peau de l'être humain entre en contact avec une surface solide chaude.
Elle décrit également des méthodes permettant d'évaluer les risques de brûlure lorsque des personnes peuvent ou sont susceptibles de toucher des surface chaudes sans que leur peau ne soit protégée.
La norme, qui donne également des indications lorsqu'il est nécessaire de spécifier des valeurs limites de températures pour des surfaces chaudes, n'établit nullement de valeurs limites de températures des surfaces.
NOTE 1 Ces valeurs limites de température peuvent être spécifiées dans des normes de produits ou dans des règlements afin d'éviter que des personnes ne subissent de brûlures si elles touchent la surface chaude d'un produit.
La présente norme concerne des durées de contact de 0,5 s et plus.
La présente norme n'est pas applicable si une surface importante de peau (environ 10 % ou plus de la peau de l'ensemble du corps) peut être en contact avec la surface chaude. Elle ne s'applique pas non plus dans les cas de contact avec plus de 10 % de la tête ou de contacts susceptibles d'engendrer des brûlures des zones vitales du visage.
NOTE 2 Dans certains cas, le contact avec la surface chaude peut avoir des conséquences plus graves pour l'individu, il peut, par exemple provoquer :
- des brûlures engendrant une limitation de la capacité des voies respiratoires ;
- une brûlure étendue (recouvrant plus de 10 % de la surface du corps) susceptible d'entraver la circulation par perte de liquides ;
- un échauffement d'une grande proportion de la tête ou de la totalité du corps, pouvant engendrer une contrainte thermique inacceptable, même en l'absence de brûlures.
La présente norme s'applique aux surfaces chaudes de toutes sortes d'objets : équipements, produits, bâtiments, objets naturels, etc.. Par souci de simplification la norme ne concerne que des produits, mais elle est également appl
Ergonomija toplotnega okolja – Metode za oceno človekovega odziva na dotik s površinami – 1. del: Vroče površine (ISO 13732-1:2006)
General Information
- Status
- Withdrawn
- Publication Date
- 31-Aug-2006
- Withdrawal Date
- 09-Sep-2008
- Technical Committee
- CEN/TC 122 - Ergonomics
- Drafting Committee
- CEN/TC 122/WG 11 - Ergonomics of the Physical Environment
- Current Stage
- 9960 - Withdrawal effective - Withdrawal
- Start Date
- 10-Sep-2008
- Completion Date
- 10-Sep-2008
- Directive
- 98/37/EC - Machinery
Relations
- Effective Date
- 22-Dec-2008
- Effective Date
- 22-Dec-2008
- Effective Date
- 22-Dec-2008
- Effective Date
- 22-Dec-2008
- Effective Date
- 22-Dec-2008
- Effective Date
- 22-Dec-2008
Frequently Asked Questions
EN ISO 13732-1:2006 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Ergonomics of the thermal environment - Methods for the assessment of human responses to contact with surfaces - Part 1: Hot surfaces (ISO 13732-1:2006)". This standard covers: This standard provides temperature threshold values for the occurrence of burns when the human skin is in contact with a hot solid surface. This standard also describes methods for the assessment of the risks of burning, when humans can or may touch hot surfaces with the unprotected skin. This standard also gives guidance when it is necessary to specify temperature limit values for hot surfaces. This standard gives guidance but does not set surface temperature limit values. NOTE 1 Such temperature limit values may be specified in specific product standards or in regulations in order to prevent human beings to sustain burns when in contact with the hot surface of a product. This standard applies to contact periods of 0,5 s and longer. This standard is not applicable if a large area of the skin (approximately 10 % or more of the skin of the whole body) can be in contact with the hot surface. This standard is also not applicable to skin contact of more than 10 % of the head or contact which could result in burns of vital areas of the face. NOTE 2 In some cases the results of contact with a hot surface may be more serious for the individual, e.g.: · burns resulting in the restriction of airways; · large burn (more than 10 % of the body surface) may impair the circulation by fluid loss; · heating of a large proportion of the head or whole body may lead to unacceptable heat strain even in the absence of burning. This standard applies to hot surfaces of all kind of objects: equipment, products, buildings, natural objects, etc. In order to simplify the standard only products are mentioned herein, but it applies to all other objects, too. This standard applies to products used in any environment, e.g. workplaces, the home etc.. This standard applies to hot surfaces of products which may be touched by healthy adults, children, elderly people and also by people with physical disabilities.
This standard provides temperature threshold values for the occurrence of burns when the human skin is in contact with a hot solid surface. This standard also describes methods for the assessment of the risks of burning, when humans can or may touch hot surfaces with the unprotected skin. This standard also gives guidance when it is necessary to specify temperature limit values for hot surfaces. This standard gives guidance but does not set surface temperature limit values. NOTE 1 Such temperature limit values may be specified in specific product standards or in regulations in order to prevent human beings to sustain burns when in contact with the hot surface of a product. This standard applies to contact periods of 0,5 s and longer. This standard is not applicable if a large area of the skin (approximately 10 % or more of the skin of the whole body) can be in contact with the hot surface. This standard is also not applicable to skin contact of more than 10 % of the head or contact which could result in burns of vital areas of the face. NOTE 2 In some cases the results of contact with a hot surface may be more serious for the individual, e.g.: · burns resulting in the restriction of airways; · large burn (more than 10 % of the body surface) may impair the circulation by fluid loss; · heating of a large proportion of the head or whole body may lead to unacceptable heat strain even in the absence of burning. This standard applies to hot surfaces of all kind of objects: equipment, products, buildings, natural objects, etc. In order to simplify the standard only products are mentioned herein, but it applies to all other objects, too. This standard applies to products used in any environment, e.g. workplaces, the home etc.. This standard applies to hot surfaces of products which may be touched by healthy adults, children, elderly people and also by people with physical disabilities.
EN ISO 13732-1:2006 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 13.180 - Ergonomics. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
EN ISO 13732-1:2006 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to EN 563:1994/A1:1999/AC:2000, EN 563:1994, EN 563:1994/AC:1994, EN 13202:2000, EN 563:1994/A1:1999, EN ISO 13732-1:2008. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
EN ISO 13732-1:2006 is associated with the following European legislation: EU Directives/Regulations: 98/37/EC; Standardization Mandates: M/079. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.
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EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 13732-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
September 2006
ICS 13.180 Supersedes EN 13202:2000, EN 563:1994
English Version
Ergonomics of the thermal environment - Methods for the
assessment of human responses to contact with surfaces - Part
1: Hot surfaces (ISO 13732-1:2006)
Ergonomie des ambiances thermiques - Méthodes Ergonomie der thermischen Umgebung -
d'évaluation de la réponse humaine au contact avec des Bewertungsverfahren für menschliche Reaktionen bei
surfaces - Partie 1: Surfaces chaudes (ISO 13732-1:2006) Kontakt mit Oberflächen - Teil 1: Heiße Oberflächen (ISO
13732-1:2006)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 19 August 2006.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 13732-1:2006: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 13732-1:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 122
"Ergonomics", the secretariat of which is held by DIN, in collaboration with Technical Committee
ISO/TC 159 "Ergonomics".
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2007, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2007.
This document supersedes EN 13202:2000 and EN 563:1994.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission
and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Annex ZA
(informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC, amended by Directive
98/79/EC
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to
Essential Requirements of the New Approach Directive 98/37/EC, amended by Directive 98/79/EC.
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Communities under that Directive
and has been implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with
the normative clauses of this standard given in Table ZA.1 confers, within the limits of the scope of
this standard, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding Essential Requirements of that
Directive and associated EFTA regulations.
Table ZA.1 — Correspondence between this European Standard and Directive 98/37/EC
Clauses/sub-clauses of this Essential requirements (ERs) Qualifying remarks/Notes
European Standard of EU Directive 98/37/EC
3, 4, 5.2 to 5.7, and Annex B 1.5.5
WARNING: Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the products falling
within the scope of this standard.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 13732-1
First edition
2006-09-01
Ergonomics of the thermal
environment — Methods for the
assessment of human responses to
contact with surfaces —
Part 1:
Hot surfaces
Ergonomie des ambiances thermiques — Méthodes d'évaluation de la
réponse humaine au contact avec des surfaces —
Partie 1: Surfaces chaudes
Reference number
ISO 13732-1:2006(E)
©
ISO 2006
ISO 13732-1:2006(E)
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ii © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
ISO 13732-1:2006(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 2
3 Terms and definitions. 2
4 Burn thresholds . 3
4.1 General. 3
4.2 Burn threshold data. 4
5 Assessment of risk of burning . 10
5.1 Procedure . 10
5.2 Identification of hot, touchable surfaces. 10
5.3 Task analysis. 11
5.4 Measurements of surface temperatures. 11
5.5 Choice of applicable burn threshold value . 12
5.6 Comparison of surface temperature and burn threshold. 13
5.7 Determination of risk of burning . 14
5.8 Repetition . 14
6 Protective measures. 15
6.1 General. 15
6.2 No risk of burning. 15
6.3 Risk of burning. 15
7 Guidance for setting surface temperature limit values . 16
7.1 Procedure . 16
7.2 Assessment of risk of burning . 16
7.3 Decision upon protective measures. 16
7.4 Selection of appropriate values . 16
7.5 Setting of surface temperature limit value. 17
Annex A (informative) Scientific background . 18
Annex B (normative) Contact periods. 20
Annex C (informative) Flow charts for application of this part of ISO 13732. 21
Annex D (informative) Thermal properties of selected materials. 23
Annex E (informative) Examples of protective measures against burns . 24
Annex F (informative) Example for assessment of risk of burning . 26
Annex G (informative) Examples for setting surface temperature limit values. 31
Annex H (informative) Safety signs for hot surfaces. 35
Bibliography . 37
ISO 13732-1:2006(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 13732-1 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee
CEN/TC 122, Ergonomics, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics,
Subcommittee SC 5, Ergonomics of the physical environment, in accordance with the Agreement on technical
cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
ISO 13732 consists of the following parts, under the general title Ergonomics of the thermal environment —
Methods for the assessment of human responses to contact with surfaces:
⎯ Part 1: Hot surfaces
⎯ Part 2: Human contact with surfaces at moderate temperature [Technical Specification]
⎯ Part 3: Cold surfaces
iv © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
ISO 13732-1:2006(E)
Introduction
When human skin comes into contact with a hot solid surface, burns may occur. Whether or not they do
depends on a number of factors, the most important of which are
⎯ the temperature of the surface,
⎯ the material of the surface,
⎯ the period of contact between the skin and the surface,
⎯ the structure of the surface, and
⎯ the sensitivity of the human being who comes into contact with the surface (e.g. child or adult).
Other factors can also play a part but are of minor importance. In Annex A the scientific background is
presented and in the Bibliography publications concerning the objective are listed.
This part of ISO 13732 contains a collection of temperature threshold values for burns when the skin is in
contact with a hot solid surface (Clause 4). It also contains a method for the assessment of the risk of burning,
i.e. the application of the provided ergonomics data within a risk assessment procedure (Clause 5). A further
application of the data may be the specification of temperature limit values for hot surfaces. Such temperature
limit values may be specified in product standards or in regulations in order to prevent human beings
sustaining a burn when in contact with the surface of a hot product. Guidance on how to select reasonable
temperature limit values for that purpose is given in Clause 7. For different products with the same risk of
burning it is reasonable to establish identical surface temperature limit values. Therefore, this part of
ISO 13732 provides the possibility of harmonizing such temperature limit values for all kind of products.
Touching a hot surface may take place intentionally, e.g. to operate an electrically or gas powered machine or
tool, or unintentionally, when a person is near a hot object. The period of contact with the hot surface will be
different if the object is touched intentionally than if it is touched unintentionally. Considering human reaction
times and their distribution in the population, 0,5 s is the minimum applicable contact period for unintentional
touching of a hot surface for healthy adults on an acceptable safety level. For intentional touching the
minimum applicable contact period will be longer. For the application of this part of ISO 13732, it is essential
to select a contact period which best represents the real circumstances when a hot product is touched.
Guidance for such selection is given in Annex B.
The ergonomics data provided in this part of ISO 13732 are mainly based on scientific research and represent,
as far as is known, the behaviour of the human skin when in contact with a hot surface. Some of the data (e.g.
burn threshold data for very short contacts of 0,5 s) are not directly based on scientific research but are
deduced by extrapolation of the known threshold curves or by reasonable conclusion using scientific results.
The temperature threshold values provided in this part of ISO 13732 are valid for burning the skin when in
contact with hot surfaces. For the time being there are not sufficient scientific data available on the effects of
discomfort and pain to for them to be included in this part of ISO 13732. Some data for pain can be derived
from national standards (see Annexes A and the Bibliography). Research projects are planned for obtaining
data for discomfort and pain. When the results of these projects are available, this part of ISO 13732 may be
revised in order to also include discomfort and pain temperature threshold values. ISO 13732-2 deals also
with discomfort.
This part of ISO 13732 does not provide burn data on the skin that comes into contact with liquids or gases.
NOTE With the exception of water there are no such data available up to now. For water and liquids with similar heat
capacity and heat flow properties burn threshold values for bare metals can be chosen.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13732-1:2006(E)
Ergonomics of the thermal environment — Methods for the
assessment of human responses to contact with surfaces —
Part 1:
Hot surfaces
1 Scope
This part of ISO 13732 provides temperature threshold values for burns that occur when human skin is in
contact with a hot solid surface.
It also describes methods for the assessment of the risks of burning, when humans could or might touch hot
surfaces with their unprotected skin.
This part of ISO 13732 also gives guidance for cases where it is necessary to specify temperature limit values
for hot surfaces; it does not set surface temperature limit values.
NOTE 1 Such temperature limit values can be specified in specific product standards or in regulations in order to
prevent human beings sustaining burns when in contact with the hot surface of a product.
This part of ISO 13732 deals with contact periods of 0,5 s and longer.
It is applicable to contact when the surface temperature is essentially maintained during the contact (see 4.1).
It is not applicable if a large area of the skin (approximately 10 % or more of the skin of the whole body) can
be in contact with the hot surface. Neither does it apply to skin contact of more than 10 % of the head or
contact which could result in burns of vital areas of the face.
NOTE 2 In some cases, the results of contact with a hot surface can be more serious for the individual, for example:
⎯ burns resulting in the restriction of airways;
⎯ large burns (more than 10 % of the body surface) that can impair the circulation by fluid loss;
⎯ heating of a large proportion of the head or whole body that could lead to unacceptable heat strain even in the
absence of burning.
This part of ISO 13732 is applicable to the hot surfaces of all kind of objects: equipment, products, buildings,
natural objects, etc. For the purposes of simplification, it mentions only products; nevertheless, it applies to all
other objects as well.
It is applicable to products used in any environment, e.g. in the workplace, in the home.
It is applicable to hot surfaces of products that may be touched by healthy adults, children, elderly people and
also by people with physical disabilities.
It does not provide data for the protection against discomfort or pain.
ISO 13732-1:2006(E)
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments).
ISO 7726:1998, Ergonomics of the thermal environment — Instruments for measuring physical quantities
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
touchable surface
surface of a product that can be touched by a person’s skin
3.2
surface temperature
T
s
temperature of a material’s surface
NOTE Surface temperature is expressed in degrees Celsius (°C).
3.3
contact period
D
duration of contact of the skin with the surface
NOTE Contact period is expressed in seconds (s).
3.4
thermal inertia
product of density (ρ), thermal conductivity (K) and specific thermal capacity (c) of a material
3.5
burn threshold
surface temperature defining the boundary between no burn and a superficial partial thickness burn, caused
by contact of the skin with this surface for a specified contact period
NOTE Burns are classified into three levels, depending on severity.
⎯ superficial partial thickness burn:
in all but the most superficial burns, the epidermis is completely destroyed but the hair follicles and sebaceous glands
as well as the sweat glands are spared.
⎯ deep partial thickness burn:
a substantial part of the dermis and all sebaceous glands are destroyed and only the deeper parts of the hair follicles
or the sweat glands survive.
⎯ whole thickness burn:
the full thickness of the skin is destroyed and there are no surviving epithelial elements.
2 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
ISO 13732-1:2006(E)
4 Burn thresholds
4.1 General
This clause provides surface temperature data for burn thresholds.
NOTE The occurrence of burning depends on the temperature of the skin and on the period of raised skin
temperature. The connection between skin temperature, the period of its influence and occurrence of burning has been
scientifically studied and is known (see Annex A). But it is not practicable by simple means to measure the temperature of
the skin during its contact with the hot surface of a product. Therefore, in this part of ISO 13732 it is not the temperature
values of the skin which are specified but the temperature values of hot surfaces of products which, when in contact with
the skin, lead to burns (the burn thresholds). The temperature of a surface of a product is simply measurable by
appropriate measuring facilities.
The surface temperatures which lead to burns during contact of the skin with a hot product depend on the
material of which the product consists, and on the period of the contact of the skin with the surface. This
relationship is presented in Figure 1, which shows this relationship for several groups of materials which have
similar heat conductivity properties and therefore similar burn thresholds.
Key
D contact period
T surface temperature
s
1 plastics
2 ceramics
3 metals
4 burn threshold
Figure 1 — Illustration of general relationship between burn threshold and contact period when hot
surface is touched by skin
ISO 13732-1:2006(E)
A point on a burn threshold curve indicates, for a particular contact period, that surface temperature which lies
between non-injury of the skin and the onset of a superficial partial thickness burn when the skin comes into
contact with the hot surface. Surface temperature values lying below the curve in general do not lead to a burn.
Surface temperature values lying above the curve will lead to a burn of the skin (see also Annex A).
The illustrative Figure 1 only serves to provide a better understanding and does not accurately represent the
burn threshold data. The exact burn threshold values are to be taken from Figures 2, 5, 6 and 7 and Table 1.
For short contact periods the burn thresholds are not drawn as lines in the illustrative Figure 1 and the detailed
Figures 2, 5, 6 and 7, but as spreads. This takes into account the fact that for short contact periods the
knowledge of the temperature boundary between non-burning and the onset of burning is not complete. The
burn threshold depends on several factors, including thickness of the skin at the touching point, moisture of
the skin’s surface (sweating), contamination of the skin (e.g. grease), touching force differences between the
heat conductivity properties of materials which have been combined in one group, uncertainties of the
scientific determination of the burn threshold values (see also Annex A). However, these influences are
considered to be minor compared to the influence of the heat conductivity properties of the different material
groups.
For longer contact periods the uncertainties are less than for short contact periods. So for long contact periods
exact values for burn thresholds are specified. The differences in the values for different groups of materials
also disappear for long contact periods.
The data given presumes that the surface temperature is essentially maintained during the contact period
either by the mass of the product or by a heating source. These conditions will describe exposures which are
in conformity with the worst case.
4.2 Burn threshold data
4.2.1 Burn thresholds for contact periods between 0,5 s and 10 s
4.2.1.1 General
In the case of short contact (contact periods of 0,5 s to 10 s), the burn threshold spreads are not set in
numbers but are reflected in graphs in relation to the contact period. The burn thresholds of materials with
similar heat conductivity properties are combined to represent one spread.
4.2.1.2 Uncoated metals
The burn thresholds presented in Figure 2 are valid for the smooth surfaces of uncoated metals. In the case of
rough metal surfaces, however, the values may lie above those for smooth surfaces, but not more than 2 °C
beyond the upper limit of the indicated burn threshold spread.
4 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
ISO 13732-1:2006(E)
Key
D contact period, s
T surface temperature, °C
s
1 no burn
2 burn threshold
3 burn
Figure 2 — Burn threshold spread when the skin in contact with hot, smooth surface made of bare
(uncoated) metal
4.2.1.3 Coated metals
The values for the effect of coating a metal are shown in Figures 3 and 4. The values reflect the rise of the
burn threshold above the burn threshold for uncoated metal. In order to obtain a burn threshold for coated
metal, the value for the rise of the burn threshold in Figure 3 or 4 and the burn threshold for the uncoated
metal in Figure 2 have to be added.
ISO 13732-1:2006(E)
Key
D contact period, s
∆T rise in surface temperature, °C
s
a
50 µm.
b
100 µm.
c
150 µm.
Figure 3 — Rise in burn threshold spread from Figure 2 for metals coated by lac
of 50 µm, 100 µm and 150 µm
Key
D contact period, s
∆T rise in surface temperature, °C
s
a
Enamel (160 µm)/powder (60 µm).
b
Powder (90 µm).
c
Polyamide 11 or 12 (400 µm thickness).
Figure 4 — Rise in burn threshold spread from Figure 2 for metals coated by powder
(60 µm and 90 µm), enamel (160 µm) and polyamide 11 or 12 (400 µm thickness)
6 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
ISO 13732-1:2006(E)
4.2.1.4 Ceramics, glass and stone materials
The burn threshold spread for ceramics, glass ceramics, glass, porcelain and stone materials (marble,
concrete) is shown in Figure 5.
The burn thresholds for marble and concrete lie towards the lower limit of the spread. Burn thresholds for
glass lie towards the upper limit of the spread.
Key
D contact period, s
T surface temperature, °C
s
1 no burn
2 burn threshold
3 burn
Figure 5 — Burn threshold spread when skin is contact with hot, smooth surface made of ceramics,
glass and stone materials
4.2.1.5 Plastics
The burn threshold spread for plastics (polyamide, acrylglass, polytetrafluorethylene, duroplastic) is shown in
Figure 6.
NOTE Plastics have very different levels of thermal conductivity, depending on chemical composition. The burn
threshold spread for most solid plastics is indicated in Figure 6. However, for plastics with heat conductivity properties
which differ markedly from those of the materials given here, the burn thresholds indicated cannot be used. For these
materials, burn thresholds have to be calculated, estimated or measured according to Annex A.
ISO 13732-1:2006(E)
Key
D contact period, s
T surface temperature, °C
s
1 no burn
2 burn threshold
3 burn
Figure 6 — Burn threshold spread when skin in contact with hot, smooth surface made of plastics
4.2.1.6 Wood
The burn threshold spread for wood is shown in Figure 7.
For soft woods with low moisture content the values at the upper limit of the spread are applicable. For hard
woods with high moisture content the values at the lower limit of the spread are relevant.
8 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
ISO 13732-1:2006(E)
Key
D contact period, s
T surface temperature, °C
s
1 no burn
2 burn threshold
3 burn
Figure 7 — Burn threshold spread when skin in contact with hot, smooth surface made of wood
4.2.2 Burn thresholds for contact periods between 10 s and 1 min
For contact periods between 10 s and 1 min, a linear interpolation can be made for the specific material
between the lower and the upper border lines of the burn threshold spreads indicated in Figures 2 to 7 for a
contact period of 10 s (see 4.2.1) and the value in Table 1 corresponding to the contact period of 1 min
(see 4.2.3). So the burn threshold is obtained as a spread for contact periods near above 10 s. This spread
focuses on a single value at a contact period of 1 min.
4.2.3 Burn thresholds for contact periods of 1 min and longer
Table 1 presents burn thresholds when a surface is touched for contact periods of 1 min and longer.
Table 1 — Burn thresholds for contact periods of 1 min and longer
Burn thresholds for contact periods of
Material
1 min 10 min 8 h and longer
°C
Uncoated metal 51 48 43
Coated metal 51 48 43
Ceramics, glass and stone materials 56 48 43
Plastics 60 48 43
Wood 60 48 43
ISO 13732-1:2006(E)
For contact periods lying between the time periods specified in Table 1, it is convenient to interpolate linearly
between the burn threshold values set for the next shorter and for the next longer contact period.
NOTE The value of 51 °C for a contact period of 1 min also applies to other materials with high thermal conductivity
which are not indicated in Table 1.
WARNING — The value of 43 °C for all materials for a contact period of 8 h and longer applies only if a
minor part of the body (less than 10 % of the entire skin surface of the body) or if a minor part of the
head (less than 10 % of the skin surface of the head) touches the hot surface. If the touching area is
not only local or if the hot surface is touched by vital areas of the face (e.g. the airways), severe
injuries may occur even if the surface temperature does not exceed 43 °C.
5 Assessment of risk of burning
5.1 Procedure
In order to assess the risk of burning if the unprotected human skin comes or could come into contact with hot
surfaces, the following procedure shall be carried out:
⎯ identification of hot, touchable surfaces;
⎯ task analysis;
⎯ measurement of the surface temperature;
⎯ choice of applicable burn threshold value;
⎯ comparison of the surface temperature and the burn threshold;
⎯ determination of the risk of burning;
⎯ repetition of the assessment.
In Figure C.1, the procedural steps are shown in a flow chart. In 5.2 to 5.8 the steps are specified in detail. An
example for the assessment is given in Annex F.
NOTE In specific cases it could be reasonable to deviate from the sequence shown in Figure C.1. For example, the
task analysis might be carried out before the identification of all hot touchable surfaces if the number of surfaces to be
considered can be reduced by this procedure, or the choice of an applicable burn threshold value might be carried out
before measurement of the surface temperature.
5.2 Identification of hot, touchable surfaces
The product having a hot surface or several hot surfaces shall be carefully considered. All necessary
information concerning the hot surface(s) of the product shall be gathered. This includes the attributes:
⎯ accessibility of the surfaces;
⎯ rough estimation of the surfaces temperatures (hot, moderate, cold);
⎯ materials of which the surfaces consist;
⎯ textures of the surfaces;
⎯ all operating conditions of the product including the worst case, i.e. the case with the highest surface
temperatures.
NOTE If more specific information is needed to determine the accessibility of the surface of a product, reference can
be made to other appropriate standards such as IEC 61032 and EN 71-1.
10 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
ISO 13732-1:2006(E)
5.3 Task analysis
All necessary information concerning the use of the product shall be collected. By analysis or observation,
describe the activities and tasks involved in using the product. Particular attention shall be paid to possible
intentional and unintentional contact with hot surfaces and to the categories of persons (users of the product
and others) to which it may occur. The likely nature of the contact (probability and contact period) shall also be
identified.
From the task analysis, the following information is obtained:
⎯ surfaces that are, or which may be, touched;
⎯ intentional or unintentional touching;
⎯ duration of contact with surfaces;
⎯ persons who come or who might come into contact with surfaces;
⎯ probability of unintentional touching;
⎯ frequency of intentional touching;
⎯ actual range of power/temperature settings of the product during use.
All steps during the use of the product shall be included, i.e. normal use, maintenance, repair, etc.
5.4 Measurements of surface temperatures
5.4.1 Procedure
The surface temperature shall be measured on that part or those parts of the product where contact of the
skin with the surface can occur.
The measurement shall be carried out under the normal operating conditions of the product. The extreme end
of the range of the normal operating conditions shall be included so as to provide maximum surface
temperatures.
When measuring the surface temperature, care shall be taken that good contact is established between the
sensor and the surface. If necessary, use appropriate force and a conducting paste for this purpose according
to ISO 7726. The area of contact should lie flat on the surface and may not become canted. The measured
value should not be read until temperature equilibrium between the surface and the sensor has been reached.
To reach this equilibrium more quickly, it may be convenient to heat the contact sensor of the measuring
instrument at a different point of the hot surface before carrying out the actual measurement.
5.4.2 The measuring apparatus
The measurement of the surface temperature shall be carried out by means of an electrical thermometer with
a contact sensor made of metal and insignificant heat capacity. The accuracy of the instrument shall be at
least ± 1 °C in the range up to 50 °C and at least ± 2 °C in the range above 50 °C.
NOTE The data presented in this part of ISO 13732 have been evaluated using the above-mentioned measuring
facility and results obtained by other techniques may not be suitable for comparison with the data.
ISO 13732-1:2006(E)
5.5 Choice of applicable burn threshold value
5.5.1 Procedure
In order to select the applicable burn threshold value from Clause 4, information concerning the
⎯ contact period,
⎯ surface material, and
⎯ surface texture
shall be extracted from the results of the identification of touchable hot surfaces (5.2) and from the task
analysis (5.3). The selection procedure consists of the steps specified in 5.5.2 and 5.5.3.
5.5.2 Determination of contact period
5.5.2.1 General
From the results of the task analysis (5.3) it can be deduced
a) whether contact of the skin with a hot surface can occur unintentionally or intentionally, e.g. the touch of
control elements, and
b) the category of person who comes or who might come into contact with the hot surface
⎯ healthy adults,
⎯ children,
⎯ elderly people, or
⎯ people with physical disabilities.
5.5.2.2 Unintentional contact
The ability of human beings to react to and terminate unintentional contact with a hot surface after a pain
sensation depends on age and physical constitution. The contact period for unintentional contact thus differs
from one individual to another.
a) Healthy adults
For healthy adults, Table B.1 applies. In general, a minimum contact period of 1 s should be used. A
minimum contact period of 0,5 s may be selected when there is absolutely no restriction of movement for
the fastest possible withdrawal following a pain sensation from touching a hot surface. If extended
reaction time is to be expected (e.g. conditions that restrict ease of movement), a longer contact period
should be selected, 4 s is proposed.
b) Children
For children, Table B.1 applies. The minimum contact period chosen shall not be less than 1 s. If touching
a hot surface and an extended reaction duration due to their age is to be expected, at least 4 s shall be
selected.
Until 24 months children do not have reflexes quick enough to enable them to remove their hands from
what it is that burns them. They therefore do not always have the ability to get away from hot surfaces.
The contact period can be up to 15 s for very young children.
12 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
ISO 13732-1:2006(E)
c) Elderly people
For elderly people, Table B.1 applies. If the product is used mainly by elderly people, 1 s shall be selected
as the minimum contact period. If touching of a hot surface and extended reaction time due to their age is
to be expected, at least 4 s shall be selected.
d) People with physical disabilities
If people with physical disabilities could come into contact with a hot surface, special consideration shall
be given to this contingency, taking into account the nature of the disability and the use of the product. It
has to be decided whether Table B.1 is applicable, or if longer contact periods ought to be selected.
5.5.2.3 Intentional contact
If the hot surface is touched intentionally, then, ideally, the maximum duration of contact shall be measured. If
the maximum duration cannot be determined by measurement, a representative contact period shall be
selected with the aid of Table B.1. This duration shall then be taken as a basis for the actual contact period.
For intentional contact with a hot surface no contact period shorter than 4 s shall be used.
In general, Table B.1 applies for healthy adults, children, elderly people and people with physical disabilities. It
shall nevertheless be considered whether the product will be used by groups of people other than healthy
adults where the task may take longer than the time specified in Table B.1. In that case, the contact periods
shall be modified accordingly.
If products are specifically made for people with physical disabilities, then the nature of the disability shall be
considered in detail and expert medical advice shall be taken.
5.5.3 Selection of the burn threshold
Using the contact period determined according to 5.5.2. and the material and texture of which the surface
consists, the burn threshold value shall be taken from 4.2. The result is either a value spread for short contact
periods or a certain value for a longer contact period.
Materials not expressly specified in Figures 2, 5, 6 and 7 and Table 1 can in some cases be evaluated
according to their heat conductivity properties. The thermal inertia (see Annexes A and D) of the respective
material has to be compared with the thermal inertias of the following groups of materials: metals, ceramics
and glass materials, plastics or wood. The material can then be accorded a burn threshold value from the
material group with the same thermal inertia. The prerequisite for this is that the order of the thermal inertia for
the material in question is measured or estimated with sufficient accuracy compared to the thermal inertias of
the material groups given in this part of ISO 13732. If the order of thermal inertia of the material in question is
not known at all, no burn threshold values can be derived from this part of ISO 13732. This may especially
apply to plastics (e.g. expanded polystyrene), where heat conductivity properties can deviate considerably
from that of the plastic materials described in 4.2.
5.6 Comparison of surface temperature and burn threshold
The surface temperature, measured in accordance with 5.4, shall be compared with the burn threshold value,
selected in accordance with 5.5. The following results are possible:
⎯ the surface temperature is above the burn threshold;
⎯ the surface temperature lies inside the burn threshold spreads of Figures 2 to 7 (4.2);
⎯ the surface temperature is below the burn threshold.
ISO 13732-1:2006(E)
5.7 Determination of risk of burning
5.7.1 Surface temperature above the burn threshold
If the measured surface temperature is above the burn threshold, cutaneous injury upon contact with the hot
surface is to be expected, i.e. there is a risk of burning. This risk cannot be quantified, but can be qualified in
the following way.
The risk of burning is all the greater:
⎯ the higher the measured surface temperature above the burn threshold;
⎯ the longer the period the surface temperature exceeds the burn threshold;
⎯ the less the risk of burning is known to the person liable to be burned (e.g. children);
⎯ the smaller the chance for counter-reaction;
⎯ the more accessible the hot surface;
⎯ the higher the contact risk in accordance with the intended use;
⎯ the more frequently the contact is likely to occur;
⎯ the smaller can be expected the previous knowledge of the user concerning safe handling of the product.
5.7.2 Surface temperature within the burn threshold value spread
If the measured surface temperature lies inside the value spreads of Figures 2 to 7, cutaneous injury may or
may not occur. This corresponds to the remaining uncertainty of the burn threshold specification. There is still
a certain risk of burning which can be qualified similarly as in 5.7.1.
5.7.3 Surface temperature below the burn threshold
If the measured temperature lies below the burn threshold, the skin will not normally suffer injury. There is in
general no risk of burning.
NOTE Discomfort or pain can be experienced even if the temperature is lower than the burn threshold. More details
on the effect of pain a
...
EN ISO 13732-1:2006 표준은 열 환경의 인체 반응을 평가하는 방법에 대한 기준을 제공하며, 특히 고온 표면과의 접촉으로 인한 화상을 예방하기 위한 온도 임계값을 제시합니다. 이 표준은 고온 고체 표면에 접촉할 때 인체 피부가 화상을 입을 가능성이 있는 경우의 위험을 평가하는 방법을 명확히 설명하고 있습니다. 이 표준의 강점은 구체적이지 않은 온도 한계값을 설정하지 않으면서도 특정 제품 표준이나 규정에서 요구되는 경우의 온도 임계값을 지정할 수 있는 지침을 제공한다는 점입니다. 이는 사용자가 특정 제품이나 환경에서 통제된 조건에서도 화상 예방을 위해 적정 온도에 대한 정보에 접근할 수 있게 합니다. 따라서 EN ISO 13732-1:2006 표준은 고온 표면에 대한 접촉이 빈번한 환경, 예를 들어 작업장이나 가정에서도 유용하며, 건강한 성인, 어린이, 노인, 신체적 장애인을 포함하는 모든 사용자에게 적용 가능한 매우 포괄적인 지침을 제공합니다. 이 표준의 적용 범위는 0.5초 이상의 접촉 시간에 해당하며, 피부의 10% 이상이 고온 표면과 접촉할 경우에는 적용되지 않는 것을 명확히 함으로써, 위험 평가 및 화상 방지에 대한 과학적 근거를 강화하고 있습니다. 결론적으로, EN ISO 13732-1:2006 표준은 고온 표면의 위험을 평가하고 인체에 미치는 영향을 최소화하는 데 있어 핵심적인 역할을 하며, 다양한 환경에서 널리 채택될 수 있는 중요한 자료입니다.
La norme EN ISO 13732-1:2006, intitulée "Ergonomie de l'environnement thermique - Méthodes pour l'évaluation des réponses humaines au contact des surfaces - Partie 1 : Surfaces chaudes", présente un cadre essentiel pour la sécurité lors du contact avec des surfaces chaudes. Cette norme définit des valeurs seuils de température relatives à l'apparition de brûlures quand la peau humaine entre en contact avec une surface solide chaude, fournissant ainsi des références cruciales pour divers secteurs. Un des points forts de cette norme est son approche détaillée de l'évaluation des risques de brûlures. Elle propose des méthodes d'évaluation claires pour déterminer à quel moment le contact avec une surface chaude peut représenter un danger, en tenant compte de divers scénarios possibles d'interaction humaine. Cela est particulièrement pertinent dans des environnements tels que les lieux de travail et les espaces domestiques, où le risque de contact avec des surfaces chaudes est présent. De plus, la norme offre des orientations précieuses sur la manière de spécifier les valeurs limites de température pour les surfaces chaudes, même si elle ne fixe pas directement ces valeurs. Cela permet aux fabricants et aux régulateurs de concevoir des standards spécifiques à chaque produit ou environnement, renforçant ainsi la protection des utilisateurs contre les brûlures. La norme s'applique à des périodes de contact d'une durée de 0,5 seconde ou plus, ce qui permet de couvrir des situations pouvant mener à des blessures graves, telles que celles affectant les voies respiratoires ou provoquant une perte de fluides corporels en raison de brûlures étendues. Elle précise également que son application ne concerne pas les cas où une grande surface de peau (10 % ou plus) pourrait être exposée, soulignant ainsi l'importance de la sécurité dans des contextes plus sensibles. En résumé, l'EN ISO 13732-1:2006 est une norme pertinente et fiable qui contribue à la sécurité des utilisateurs lors de leur interaction avec des surfaces chaudes. Elle joue un rôle fondamental dans la prévention des brûlures en fournissant des méthodes d’évaluation et des recommandations qui peuvent être intégrées dans des normes spécifiques aux produits. Cela en fait un document indispensable pour assurer une ergonomie adéquate et une protection efficace dans divers environnements.
EN ISO 13732-1:2006は、熱環境の人間の反応を表面との接触に関する評価方法を定義した重要な標準であり、特に熱い固体表面に対する皮膚の接触によって発生する火傷の温度しきい値を提供します。この標準の範囲は、接触時間が0.5秒以上の場合に適用され、特に防護されていない皮膚で熱い表面に触れるときの火傷リスクを評価する方法を詳細に説明しています。 この標準の強みは、温度しきい値を特定するための実用的な指針を提供しつつ、具体的な温度制限値を設定しない点にあります。このアプローチにより、特定の製品基準や関連法令で温度制限値を指定することが可能となり、人間が製品の熱い表面に触れる際の火傷を未然に防ぐための柔軟性を持たせています。また、この標準は、健康な成人、子供、高齢者、そして身体障害者が触れる可能性のある熱い表面に幅広く適用されるため、その適用範囲は非常に広いと言えます。 さらに、火傷だけでなく、接触による他の健康リスク（気道の制限、大面積の火傷による循環の障害、または全身の熱ストレスなど）についても考慮されている点が特徴です。このように、EN ISO 13732-1:2006は、熱い表面に接触する際の安全性を向上させるための重要なフレームワークを提供しており、労働環境や家庭など様々なシチュエーションでの製品に幅広く適用可能です。
Die Norm EN ISO 13732-1:2006 behandelt die Ergonomie der thermischen Umgebung und legt Methoden zur Bewertung menschlicher Reaktionen auf den Kontakt mit heißen Oberflächen fest. Der Schwerpunkt dieser Norm liegt auf der Bereitstellung von Temperaturgrenzwerten zur Verhinderung von Verbrennungen bei Kontakt mit heißen festen Oberflächen. Ein wesentlicher Aspekt dieser Norm ist die Definition von Temperaturgrenzwerten für den Kontakt, der mindestens 0,5 Sekunden dauert. Hierdurch wird ein klarer Rahmen geschaffen, der es ermöglicht, das Risiko von Verbrennungen realistisch zu bewerten. Die detaillierte Beschreibung der Methoden zur Risikobewertung ist eine Stärke dieser Norm, da sie sowohl Herstellern als auch Nutzern wertvolle Informationen bietet, um gefährliche Temperaturen zu identifizieren und geeignete Schutzmaßnahmen zu implementieren. Die Norm gibt zudem eine hilfreiche Anleitung zur Festlegung von Temperaturgrenzwerten, wobei sie betont, dass diese Grenzwerte nicht direkt festgelegt werden, sondern in spezifischen Produktnormen oder Vorschriften zu finden sein können. Dies zeigt die Relevanz der Norm im Kontext der Produktsicherheit und des Gesundheitsschutzes. Ein weiterer wichtiger Punkt ist die Bandbreite der Anwendungen, die unter diese Norm fallen. Sie gilt für heiße Oberflächen aller Art, einschließlich Geräte, Produkte und sogar natürliche Objekte. Diese breite Anwendbarkeit unterstreicht die Relevanz der Norm sowohl in Arbeitsumgebungen als auch in privaten Haushalten, wo Menschen - darunter gesunde Erwachsene, Kinder, ältere Menschen und Personen mit körperlichen Behinderungen - potentiell mit heißen Oberflächen in Kontakt kommen können. Die Berücksichtigung von Ausnahmefällen, in denen größere Hautflächen oder kritische Bereiche des Gesichts betroffen sind, verstärkt den Schutz der Nutzer weiter und erkennt an, dass nicht alle Kontakte mit heißen Oberflächen gleich zu bewerten sind. Diese differenzierte Betrachtung trägt zur praktischen Anwendbarkeit und zur Verbesserung der Ergonomie in verschiedenen Lebensbereichen bei. Insgesamt ist EN ISO 13732-1:2006 eine bedeutende Norm, die durch ihre klaren Richtlinien und die Beurteilung von Risiken dazu beiträgt, die Sicherheit im Umgang mit heißen Oberflächen zu erhöhen und somit Verletzungen und gesundheitliche Schäden zu minimieren.
The EN ISO 13732-1:2006 standard presents a crucial framework for understanding the ergonomics of the thermal environment, specifically focusing on assessing human responses to contact with hot surfaces. Its primary scope is to define the temperature threshold values for potential burns resulting from contact with solid surfaces, enhancing safety measures for users in various environments. One of the standard's key strengths is its comprehensive method for evaluating the risks of burning associated with hot surfaces. By emphasizing the importance of contact assessment for durations of 0.5 seconds or longer, the standard effectively addresses realistic scenarios faced by individuals, thereby informing both manufacturers and regulators in their efforts to minimize burn incidents. Furthermore, it serves as a vital guide in specifying temperature limit values for hot surfaces, even though it does not establish these values itself. This flexibility allows for adaptation in product-specific standards and regulatory frameworks, ensuring that unique safety considerations are taken into account across different industries. Additionally, the standard provides clear exclusions, noting that it does not apply when large areas of skin come into contact with hot surfaces or in situations where contact may endanger vital areas of the body. By specifying these limitations, EN ISO 13732-1:2006 better assists designers and safety engineers in focusing their efforts where they are most needed, ultimately leading to more effective safety protocols. The standard's relevance is widely recognized as it encompasses a diverse range of products found in various environments, including workplaces and homes. It applies universally to hot surfaces encountered by individuals of all ages and abilities, including children and those with physical disabilities, ensuring a broad protective reach. Overall, EN ISO 13732-1:2006 stands as a foundational reference for anyone involved in product design, safety assessment, or regulatory compliance concerning the thermal environment, underpinning its crucial role in preventing burn injuries and enhancing user safety.
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