CEN ISO/TS 9241-430:2023
(Main)Ergonomics of human-system interaction - Part 430: Recommendations for the design of non-touch gestural input for the reduction of biomechanical stress (ISO/TS 9241-430:2021)
Ergonomics of human-system interaction - Part 430: Recommendations for the design of non-touch gestural input for the reduction of biomechanical stress (ISO/TS 9241-430:2021)
This document provides guidance on the design, selection and optimization of non-contacting hand and arm gestures for human-computer interaction. It addresses the assessment of usability and fatigue associated with different gesture set designs and provides recommendations for approaches to evaluating the design and selection of gestures. This document also provides guidance on the documentation of the process for selecting gesture sets.
This document applies to gestures expressed by humans. It does not consider the technology for detecting gestures or the system response when interpreting a gesture. Non-contacting hand gestures can be used for input in a variety of settings, including the workplace or in public settings and when using fixed screens, mobile, virtual reality, augmented reality or mixed-mode reality devices.
Some limitations of this document are:
— The scope is limited to non-contacting gestures and does not include other forms of inputs. For example, combining gesture with speech, gaze or head position can reduce input error, but these combinations are not considered here.
— The scope is limited to non-contacting arm, hand and finger gestures, either unilateral (one-handed) or bilateral (two-handed).
— The scope assumes that all technological constraints are surmountable. Therefore, there is no consideration of technological limitations with interpreting ultra-rapid gestures, gestures performed by people of different skin tones or wearing different colours or patterns of clothing.
— The scope is limited to UI-based command-and-control human computer interaction (HCI) tasks and does not include gaming scenarios, although the traversal of in-game menus and navigation of UI elements is within scope.
— The scope does not include HCI tasks for which an obviously more optimal input method exists. For example, speech input is superior for inputting text than gesture input.
— The scope includes virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR) and mixed reality (MR) and the use of head-mounted displays (HMDs).
— The scope does not include the discoverability of gestures but does include the learnability and memorability of gestures. It is assumed that product documentation and tutorials will adequately educate end users about which gestures are possible. Therefore, assessing gesture discoverability is not a primary goal of the recommendations in this document.
Ergonomie der Mensch-System-Interaktion - Teil 430: Berührungslose Gesteneingabe - Empfehlungen zur Gestaltung für die Verringerung der biomechanischen Belastung (ISO/TS 9241‑430:2021)
Dieses Dokument bietet einen Leitfaden für die Gestaltung, Auswahl und Optimierung von berührungslosen Hand- und Armgesten für die Mensch-Computer-Interaktion. Es befasst sich mit der Bewertung der Gebrauchstauglichkeit und der Ermüdung im Zusammenhang mit der Gestaltung verschiedener Gestensätze und gibt Empfehlungen für Ansätze zur Bewertung der Gestaltung und der Auswahl von Gesten. Dieses Dokument bietet auch eine Anleitung zur Dokumentation des Auswahlprozesses von Gestensätzen.
Dieses Dokument ist anwendbar für Gesten, die von Menschen ausgedrückt werden. Es berücksichtigt nicht die Technologie zur Erkennung von Gesten oder die Systemreaktion bei der Interpretation einer Geste. Berührungslose Handgesten können für Eingaben in einer Vielzahl von Umgebungen verwendet werden, einschließlich am Arbeitsplatz oder in öffentlichen Umgebungen und bei der Verwendung von festen Bildschirmen, mobilen Geräten, Geräten für Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality oder Mixed Reality.
Einige Einschränkungen dieses Dokuments sind:
- Der Anwendungsbereich ist auf berührungslose Gesten beschränkt und schließt keine weiteren Formen der Eingabe ein. Beispielsweise kann die Kombination von Gesten mit Sprache, Blicken oder Kopfposition Eingabefehler reduzieren, aber diese Kombinationen werden hier nicht berücksichtigt.
- Der Anwendungsbereich beschränkt sich auf berührungslose Arm-, Hand- und Fingergesten, entweder unilateral (einhändig) oder bilateral (beidhändig).
- Der Anwendungsbereich geht davon aus, dass alle technologischen Beschränkungen überwindbar sind. Daher werden technologische Beschränkungen bei der Interpretation von ultraschnellen Gesten, Gesten, die von Personen mit unterschiedlicher Hautfarbe oder unterschiedlichen Farben oder Mustern der Kleidung ausgeführt werden, nicht berücksichtigt.
- Der Anwendungsbereich ist auf UI basierte Aufgaben (UI, en: user interface) der Mensch-Computer-Interaktion (HCI, en: human computer interaction) beschränkt und umfasst keine Spieleszenarien, obwohl das Durchlaufen von Spielmenüs und die Navigation von UI Elementen in den Anwendungs-bereich fallen.
- Der Anwendungsbereich umfasst keine HCI Aufgaben, für die es eine offensichtlich bessere Eingabe-methode gibt. So ist beispielsweise die Spracheingabe für die Eingabe von Text besser geeignet als die Gesteneingabe.
- Der Anwendungsbereich umfasst Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR) und Mixed Reality (MR) sowie die Verwendung von Head-Mounted Displays (HMDs).
- Der Anwendungsbereich umfasst nicht die Erkennbarkeit von Gesten, wohl aber die Erlernbarkeit und Einprägsamkeit von Gesten. Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass Produktdokumentation und Tutorials die Endnutzer ausreichend darüber aufklären, welche Gesten möglich sind. Daher ist die Bewertung der Erkennbarkeit von Gesten kein primäres Ziel der Empfehlungen in diesem Dokument.
Ergonomie de l'interaction homme-système - Partie 430: Recommandations pour la conception de la saisie gestuelle sans contact pour la réduction du stress biomécanique (ISO/TS 9241-430:2021)
Le présent document fournit des lignes directrices relatives à la conception, à la sélection et à l’optimisation des gestes des mains et des bras sans contact pour l’interaction homme-système. Il traite de l’évaluation de l’utilisabilité et de la fatigue associée à différentes conceptions d’ensembles de gestes et fournit des recommandations pour les méthodes d’évaluation de la conception et de sélection des gestes. Le présent document fournit aussi des lignes directrices sur la documentation du procédé pour le choix des ensembles de gestes.
Le présent document s’applique aux gestes effectués par des humains. Il ne tient pas compte de la technologie pour détecter les gestes ou de la réponse du système lors de l’interprétation d’un geste. Les gestes des mains sans contact peuvent être utilisés pour l’entrée de données dans divers lieux, notamment le lieu de travail ou les lieux publics, et en cas d’utilisation de dispositifs à écrans fixes, mobiles, de réalité virtuelle, de réalité augmentée ou en mode mixte.
Les limitations du présent document sont notamment les suivantes:
— le domaine d’application est limité aux gestes sans contact et n’inclut pas les autres formes d’entrées. Par exemple, combiner le geste et la parole, le regard ou la position de la tête peut réduire les erreurs d’entrée; ces combinaisons ne sont pas prises en compte ici;
— le domaine d’application est limité aux gestes des bras, des mains et des doigts sans contact, qu’ils soient unilatéraux (une main) ou bilatéraux (deux mains);
— le domaine d’application suppose que toutes les contraintes technologiques sont surmontables. Par conséquent, il ne tient pas compte des limitations technologiques liées à l’interprétation de gestes ultra-rapides ni des gestes effectués par des personnes de couleur de peau différente ou portant des types de vêtements différents ou de couleurs différentes;
— le domaine d’application est limité aux tâches d’interface utilisateur à commandes et contrôles basés sur une interaction homme-ordinateur et il n’inclut pas les scénarios de jeux, bien que la traversée des menus de jeux et la navigation des éléments d’interface utilisateur entrent dans le domaine d’application;
— le domaine d’application n’inclut pas les tâches d’IHM pour lesquelles il existe une méthode d’entrée de données plus optimale évidente. Par exemple, l’entrée vocale est supérieure à l’entrée gestuelle pour saisir du texte;
— le domaine d’application inclut la réalité virtuelle (VR), la réalité augmentée (AR) et la réalité mixte (MR) et l’utilisation de dispositifs de visualisation sur casques (HMD);
— le domaine d’application n’inclut pas la découvrabilité des gestes, mais il inclut l’apprentissage et la mémorabilité des gestes. Il est supposé que la documentation produit et les didacticiels vont éduquer de façon appropriée les utilisateurs finaux sur les gestes qui sont possibles. Par conséquent, l’évaluation de la découvrabilité des gestes n’est pas un objectif primordial des recommandations fournies dans le présent document.
Ergonomija medsebojnega vplivanja človek-sistem - 430. del: Priporočila za načrtovanje brezkontaktnega vnosa s kretnjami za zmanjšanje biomehanske obremenitve (ISO/TS 9241-430:2021)
Ta dokument vsebuje smernice za načrtovanje, izbiro in optimizacijo brezkontaktnih kretenj z dlanmi in rokami za medsebojno vplivanje človek-sistem. Obravnava oceno uporabnosti in utrujenosti, ki sta povezani z različnimi zasnovami nabora kretenj, in podaja priporočila za pristope k vrednotenju načrtovanja in izbire kretenj. Ta dokument vsebuje tudi smernice za dokumentiranje postopka za izbiro nabora kretenj.
Ta dokument se uporablja za kretnje, ki jih izvajajo ljudje. Ne obravnava tehnologije za zaznavanje kretenj ali odziva sistema pri razlagi kretnje. Brezkontaktne kretnje z dlanmi se lahko uporabljajo za vnos v različnih okoljih, vključno z delovnim mestom ali v javnih okoljih in pri uporabi fiksnih zaslonov, mobilnih naprav ter naprav za navidezno resničnost, obogateno resničnost ali kombinirano resničnost.
Nekatere omejitve tega dokumenta so:
– Področje uporabe je omejeno na brezkontaktne kretnje in ne vključuje drugih oblik vnosov. Kombinacija kretnje z govorom, pogledom ali položajem glave lahko na primer zmanjša napako pri vnosu, vendar te kombinacije tukaj niso obravnavane.
– Področje uporabe je omejeno na brezkontaktne kretnje z rokami, dlanmi in prsti, bodisi enostranske (enoročne) ali dvostranske (dvoročne).
– Področje uporabe predvideva, da so vse tehnološke omejitve premagljive. Zato tehnološke omejitve pri tolmačenju ultra hitrih kretenj ali kretenj oseb različnih polti ali oseb, ki nosijo različne barve ali vzorce oblačil, niso obravnavane.
– Področje uporabe je omejeno na naloge medsebojnega vplivanja človek-računalnik (HCI) na osnovi uporabniškega vmesnika in ne vključuje igralnih scenarijev, čeprav sta prehod menijev v igri in krmarjenje elementov uporabniškega vmesnika znotraj področja uporabe.
– Področje uporabe ne vključuje nalog medsebojnega vplivanja človek-računalnik, za katere očitno obstaja bolj optimalen način vnosa. Besedilo je na primer lažje vnesti z govorom kot s kretnjami.
– Področje uporabe vključuje navidezno resničnost (VR), obogateno resničnost (AR) in kombinirano resničnost (MR) ter uporabo naglavnih zaslonov (HMD).
– Področje uporabe ne vključuje odkrivanja kretenj, vključuje pa možnost učenja in zapomnljivosti kretenj. Predpostavlja se, da bodo dokumentacija izdelka in vadnice v ustrezno pomoč pri poučevanju končnih uporabnikov o tem, katere kretnje je mogoče uporabiti. Zato ocenjevanje odkrivanja kretenj ni glavni cilj priporočil v tem dokumentu.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-november-2023
Ergonomija medsebojnega vplivanja človek-sistem - 430. del: Priporočila za
načrtovanje brezkontaktnega vnosa s kretnjami za zmanjšanje biomehanske
obremenitve (ISO/TS 9241-430:2021)
Priporočila za oblikovanje vnosa s kretnjami brez dotika za zmanjšanje
biomehanske obremenitve
Ergonomics of human-system interaction - Part 430: Recommendations for the design of
non-touch gestural input for the reduction of biomechanical stress (ISO/TS
9241-430:2021)
Ergonomie de l'interaction homme-système - Partie 430: Recommandations pour la
conception de la saisie gestuelle sans contact pour la réduction du stress biomécanique
(ISO/TS 9241-430:2021)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN ISO/TS 9241-430:2023
ICS:
13.100 Varnost pri delu. Industrijska Occupational safety.
higiena Industrial hygiene
13.180 Ergonomija Ergonomics
35.180 Terminalska in druga IT Terminal and other
periferna oprema IT peripheral equipment
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
CEN ISO/TS 9241-430
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
March 2023
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
ICS 13.100; 13.180; 35.180
English Version
Ergonomics of human-system interaction - Part 430:
Recommendations for the design of non-touch gestural
input for the reduction of biomechanical stress (ISO/TS
9241-430:2021)
Ergonomie de l'interaction homme-système - Partie
430: Recommandations pour la conception de la saisie
gestuelle sans contact pour la réduction du stress
biomécanique (ISO/TS 9241-430:2021)
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 17 March 2023 for provisional application.
The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to
submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.
CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS
available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in
parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN ISO/TS 9241-430:2023 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
European foreword
The text of ISO/TS 9241-430:2021 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159
"Ergonomics” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as
which is held by DIN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO/TS 9241-430:2021 has been approved by CEN as CEN ISO/TS 9241-430:2023 without
any modification.
TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 9241-430
First edition
2021-12
Ergonomics of human-system
interaction —
Part 430:
Recommendations for the design
of non-touch gestural input for the
reduction of biomechanical stress
Reference number
ISO/TS 9241-430:2021(E)
ISO/TS 9241-430:2021(E)
© ISO 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO/TS 9241-430:2021(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Selection of non-contacting gestures .3
4.1 Overall approach to the selection of non-contacting gestures . 3
4.2 Large shoulder and elbow movements . 3
4.3 Optimal hand location relative to body . 3
4.4 Wrist and forearm posture . 3
4.5 Comfort of hand postures and motions . 3
4.5.1 Fist, neutral and extended fingers . 3
4.5.2 Asynchronous adjacent finger postures . . 4
4.5.3 Thumb flexion or extension and abduction or adduction. 4
4.5.4 Speed of finger or hand movements and impact . 4
4.5.5 Hand microgestures . 5
5 E valuation of non-contacting gestures . 5
5.1 General . 5
5.2 Laboratory-based study design . 5
5.3 Subjects for studies . 5
5.4 Independent variables . 5
5.5 Example technologies for gesture capture . 6
5.6 Dependent variables (outcome measures) . 6
5.7 Examples of tasks . . 7
5.8 Target size . 8
5.9 Data analysis, interpretation and reporting . 9
Annex A (informative) Example of questionnaire for assessing subjective usability
measures .10
Bibliography .11
iii
ISO/TS 9241-430:2021(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 4,
Ergonomics of human-system interaction.
A list of all parts in the ISO 9241 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
ISO/TS 9241-430:2021(E)
Introduction
Non-contacting hand and arm gestures (e.g. mid-air gestures) for interacting with computing devices
are emerging as a useful form of input for both consumer and commercial applications.
Non-contacting gestures can be particularly well-suited for certain tasks, equipment and environments,
such as with wearable technology (e.g. head-mounted displays, instrumented gloves), in dirty or sterile
settings (e.g. kitchens or operating rooms) or for tasks where both hands are also used for other
activities (e.g. sorting packages).
This document provides guidance on the design and se
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-november-2023
Ergonomija medsebojnega vplivanja človek-sistem - 430. del: Priporočila za
načrtovanje brezkontaktnega vnosa s kretnjami za zmanjšanje biomehanske
obremenitve (ISO/TS 9241-430:2021)
Ergonomics of human-system interaction - Part 430: Recommendations for the design of
non-touch gestural input for the reduction of biomechanical stress (ISO/TS
9241-430:2021)
Ergonomie de l'interaction homme-système - Partie 430: Recommandations pour la
conception de la saisie gestuelle sans contact pour la réduction du stress biomécanique
(ISO/TS 9241-430:2021)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN ISO/TS 9241-430:2023
ICS:
13.100 Varnost pri delu. Industrijska Occupational safety.
higiena Industrial hygiene
13.180 Ergonomija Ergonomics
35.180 Terminalska in druga IT Terminal and other
periferna oprema IT peripheral equipment
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
CEN ISO/TS 9241-430
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
March 2023
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
ICS 13.100; 13.180; 35.180
English Version
Ergonomics of human-system interaction - Part 430:
Recommendations for the design of non-touch gestural
input for the reduction of biomechanical stress (ISO/TS
9241-430:2021)
Ergonomie de l'interaction homme-système - Partie
430: Recommandations pour la conception de la saisie
gestuelle sans contact pour la réduction du stress
biomécanique (ISO/TS 9241-430:2021)
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 17 March 2023 for provisional application.
The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to
submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.
CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS
available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in
parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN ISO/TS 9241-430:2023 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
European foreword
The text of ISO/TS 9241-430:2021 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159
"Ergonomics” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as
which is held by DIN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO/TS 9241-430:2021 has been approved by CEN as CEN ISO/TS 9241-430:2023 without
any modification.
TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 9241-430
First edition
2021-12
Ergonomics of human-system
interaction —
Part 430:
Recommendations for the design
of non-touch gestural input for the
reduction of biomechanical stress
Reference number
ISO/TS 9241-430:2021(E)
ISO/TS 9241-430:2021(E)
© ISO 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO/TS 9241-430:2021(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Selection of non-contacting gestures .3
4.1 Overall approach to the selection of non-contacting gestures . 3
4.2 Large shoulder and elbow movements . 3
4.3 Optimal hand location relative to body . 3
4.4 Wrist and forearm posture . 3
4.5 Comfort of hand postures and motions . 3
4.5.1 Fist, neutral and extended fingers . 3
4.5.2 Asynchronous adjacent finger postures . . 4
4.5.3 Thumb flexion or extension and abduction or adduction. 4
4.5.4 Speed of finger or hand movements and impact . 4
4.5.5 Hand microgestures . 5
5 E valuation of non-contacting gestures . 5
5.1 General . 5
5.2 Laboratory-based study design . 5
5.3 Subjects for studies . 5
5.4 Independent variables . 5
5.5 Example technologies for gesture capture . 6
5.6 Dependent variables (outcome measures) . 6
5.7 Examples of tasks . . 7
5.8 Target size . 8
5.9 Data analysis, interpretation and reporting . 9
Annex A (informative) Example of questionnaire for assessing subjective usability
measures .10
Bibliography .11
iii
ISO/TS 9241-430:2021(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
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ISO/TS 9241-430:2021(E)
Introduction
Non-contacting hand and arm gestures (e.g. mid-air gestures) for interacting with computing devices
are emerging as a useful form of input for both consumer and commercial applications.
Non-contacting gestures can be particularly well-suited for certain tasks, equipment and environments,
such as with wearable technology (e.g. head-mounted displays, instrumented gloves), in dirty or sterile
settings (e.g. kitchens or operating rooms) or for tasks where both hands are also used for other
activities (e.g. sorting packages).
This document provides guidance on the design and selection of non-contacting hand and arm gestures
and recommends methods for the usability and er
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