Animal and vegetable fats and oils - Determination of lead by direct graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (ISO 12193:2004)

ISO 12193:2004 specifies a method for the determination of trace amounts (greater than 0,001 mg/kg) of lead in all types of crude or refined edible oils and fats.

Tierische und pflanzliche Fette und Öle - Bestimmung von Blei durch direkte Graphitofen-Atomabsorptionsspektrometrie (ISO 12193:2004)

Diese Internationale Norm legt ein Verfahren für die Bestimmung von Spurenmengen (> 0,001 mg/kg) an Blei in allen Arten von rohen oder raffinierten Speiseölen und -fetten fest

Corps gras d'origines animale et végétale - Détermination de la teneur en plomb par spectrométrie d'absorption atomique directe avec four en graphite (ISO 12193:2004

L'ISO 12193:2004 spécifie une méthode de détermination des traces de plomb (plus grandes que 0,001 mg/kg) dans tous les types de corps gras alimentaires bruts ou raffinés.

Živalske in rastlinske maščobe in olja - Določevanje svinca z direktno atomsko absorpcijsko spektrometrijo z grafično kiveto (ISO 12193:2004)

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Jan-2004
Current Stage
9093 - Decision to confirm - Review Enquiry
Start Date
03-Apr-2008
Completion Date
03-Apr-2008

Relations

Effective Date
22-Dec-2008
Effective Date
28-Jan-2026
Effective Date
28-Jan-2026
Effective Date
28-Jan-2026
Effective Date
28-Jan-2026

Overview

EN ISO 12193:2004 is an international standard developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and adopted by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). It specifies a precise analytical method for determining trace levels of lead (Pb) in all types of crude and refined edible animal and vegetable fats and oils. The method utilizes direct graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS), a sensitive technique capable of detecting lead concentrations as low as 0.001 mg/kg.

This standard is essential for ensuring the safety and quality of edible fats and oils by monitoring potential lead contamination, which is critical given lead’s toxicological risks to human health.

Key Topics

  • Scope and Purpose
    EN ISO 12193:2004 defines a standardized approach to quantify trace amounts of lead in edible fats and oils, with a detection limit greater than 0.001 mg/kg, applicable to both crude and refined products.

  • Analytical Principle
    The method involves atomizing the sample within a graphite furnace, coupled to an atomic absorption spectrometer. Absorbance measurements at a wavelength of 283.3 nm allow for precise lead quantification.

  • Sample Preparation and Reagents
    Samples and calibration standards are mixed with a matrix modifier solution (2% lecithin in cyclohexane) to enhance accuracy. Blank oil with minimal lead content (<0.001 mg/kg) is used to prepare standards. High-purity argon serves as the inert gas in the furnace atomizer.

  • Instrumentation
    Key apparatus include: graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer with temperature programming controls, hollow cathode lamps specific for lead, pyrolytically coated graphite tubes and platforms for enhanced sensitivity, micropipettors, and metal-free sample containers.

  • Calibration and Measurement
    Calibration curves constructed from standards with known lead content enable measurement of unknown samples. The method offers both “peak height” and “area” detection modes, adaptable depending on available equipment.

  • Precision and Sensitivity
    The standard reports repeatability and reproducibility limits ensuring reliable interlaboratory consistency. The method was validated with both liquid oils (e.g., soybean oil) and solid fats (e.g., cocoa butter), demonstrating a limit of detection at 0.001 mg/kg and quantification limit at 0.01 mg/kg.

Applications

  • Food Safety Testing
    Monitoring lead levels in edible fats and oils to ensure compliance with food safety regulations and minimize consumer exposure to toxic heavy metals.

  • Quality Control in Oil Production
    Enables producers to assess contamination during refining or storage processes, supporting product quality assurance and certification.

  • Regulatory Compliance
    Assists regulatory agencies in enforcing permissible lead limits in animal and vegetable fats and oils according to national and international food standards.

  • Research and Development
    Used in studies evaluating environmental contamination impacts on oil crops and assessing purification effectiveness in oil processing.

Related Standards

  • ISO 5555:2001 - Sampling of animal and vegetable fats and oils, providing guidance on proper sample collection to ensure representativeness and test accuracy.

  • ISO 5725 (withdrawn) - Formerly specified methods for determining precision and repeatability of test methods, relevant to validation studies cited in EN ISO 12193:2004.

  • Additional ISO and CEN standards related to the analysis and characterization of fats, oils, and their by-products may complement this lead determination method.


EN ISO 12193:2004 aligns with the highest standards of analytical accuracy and precision required for trace metal detection in edible fats and oils. Its adoption supports crucial public health protections, promoting safer food production and consumption worldwide.

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Frequently Asked Questions

EN ISO 12193:2004 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Animal and vegetable fats and oils - Determination of lead by direct graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (ISO 12193:2004)". This standard covers: ISO 12193:2004 specifies a method for the determination of trace amounts (greater than 0,001 mg/kg) of lead in all types of crude or refined edible oils and fats.

ISO 12193:2004 specifies a method for the determination of trace amounts (greater than 0,001 mg/kg) of lead in all types of crude or refined edible oils and fats.

EN ISO 12193:2004 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 67.200.10 - Animal and vegetable fats and oils. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.

EN ISO 12193:2004 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to EN ISO 12193:1999, EN ISO 3743-2:2019, EN ISO 16283-2:2020, EN ISO 10848-1:2017, EN ISO 16283-2:2018. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.

EN ISO 12193:2004 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.

Standards Content (Sample)


SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2004
äLYDOVNHLQUDVWOLQVNHPDãþREHLQROMD'RORþHYDQMHVYLQFD]GLUHNWQRDWRPVNR
DEVRUSFLMVNRVSHNWURPHWULMR]JUDILþQRNLYHWR ,62
Animal and vegetable fats and oils - Determination of lead by direct graphite furnace
atomic absorption spectroscopy (ISO 12193:2004)
Tierische und pflanzliche Fette und Öle - Bestimmung von Blei durch direkte Graphitofen
-Atomabsorptionsspektrometrie (ISO 12193:2004)
Corps gras d'origines animale et végétale - Détermination de la teneur en plomb par
spectrométrie d'absorption atomique directe avec four en graphite (ISO 12193:2004
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 12193:2004
ICS:
67.200.10 5DVWOLQVNHLQåLYDOVNH Animal and vegetable fats
PDãþREHLQROMD and oils
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 12193
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
February 2004
ICS 67.200.10 Supersedes EN ISO 12193:1999
English version
Animal and vegetable fats and oils - Determination of lead by
direct graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (ISO
12193:2004)
Corps gras d'origines animale et végétale - Détermination Tierische und pflanzliche Fette und Öle - Bestimmung von
de la teneur en plomb par spectrométrie d'absorption Blei durch direkte Graphitofen-
atomique directe avec four en graphite (ISO 12193:2004 Atomabsorptionsspektrometrie (ISO 12193:2004)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 19 February 2004.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 12193:2004: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

CORRECTED  2004-02-25
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 12193:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 34
"Agricultural food products" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 307 "Oilseeds,
vegetable and animal fats and oils and their by-products - Methods of sampling and analysis",
the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of
an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2004, and conflicting national
standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2004.
This document supersedes EN ISO 12193:1999.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of
the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 12193:2004 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 12193:2004 without any
modifications.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12193
Second edition
2004-02-01
Animal and vegetable fats and oils —
Determination of lead by direct graphite
furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy
Corps gras d'origines animale et végétale — Détermination de la teneur
en plomb par spectrométrie d'absorption atomique directe avec four en
graphite
Reference number
ISO 12193:2004(E)
©
ISO 2004
ISO 12193:2004(E)
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ii © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

ISO 12193:2004(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 12193 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 34, Food products, Subcommittee SC 11, Animal
and vegetable fats and oils.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 12193:1994), which has been technically
revised.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12193:2004(E)

Animal and vegetable fats and oils — Determination of lead by
direct graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of trace amounts (> 0,001 mg/kg) of lead
in all types of crude or refined edible oils and fats.
2 Principle
The oil or fat is atomized in a graphite furnace, with or without a platform, connected to an atomic absorption
spectrometer which has been previously calibrated using standard solutions of an organo compound of lead.
The metal content is measured from the observed absorbance at a wavelength of 283,3 nm.
3 Reagents
Use only reagents of recognized analytical grade, unless otherwise specified, and distilled or demineralized
water or water of equivalent purity.
3.1 Cyclohexane, analytical grade.
3.2 Lecithin, containing 2 % phosphorus.
3.3 Matrix modifier: 2 % (by mass/volume) lecithin solution prepared by dissolving 2 g of lecithin (3.2) in
100 ml of cyclohexane (3.1).
3.4 Blank oil, refined.
Any edible oil is suitable, stored in a metal-free polyethylene bottle. The lead content of the oil shall not be
greater than 0,001 mg/kg.
3.5 Lead standard stock solution, c(Pb) = 10 mg/kg.
This is prepared by appropriate dilution of an organometallic standard with the blank oil (3.4).
1)
NOTE A suitable standard is available from the following companies:
 Continental Oil Company, Ponca City, Oklahoma, USA (Conostan, 5 000 mg/kg);
 Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany [Certipur 115051, lead standard dissolved in oil, c(Pb) = 1 g/kg] in standard oil;
 VWR International [Certipur 1.15051, lead standard dissolved in oil, c(Pb) = 1 g/kg] in standard oil;
 VWR International [Specpure ALFA019527.AD, lead, Organic AAS standard solution, Specpure, c(Pb) = 1 000 mg/g].

1) These are examples
...

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